A barrel type foundation displacement and posture automatic observation system

Abstract

This application relates to the field of marine and port engineering structure monitoring, and provides an automated observation system for displacement and attitude of barrel foundation structures. The system includes sensing, data transmission, data processing, early warning modules, and a power supply module. These modules are connected via wires or wireless links. The early warning module's warning thresholds can be customized via a remote platform. It supports multi-level early warnings based on single parameters such as displacement, tilt angle, and rate of change, and also incorporates multi-parameter coupled early warning judgment logic. The sensing module includes pre-embedded earth pressure gauges and pore water pressure gauges. After rebar binding and before formwork installation, the pre-processed integrated device is aligned in situ with the concrete pad and fixed with positioning rebars, ensuring its surface is tightly attached to the inner and outer formwork. This application constructs a fully automated closed-loop system, enabling high-precision continuous observation of displacement and attitude in complex marine environments around the clock, avoiding sensor misalignment and damage, and significantly improving observation accuracy and data reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of marine and port engineering structure monitoring, specifically involving an automated observation system for displacement and attitude of a barrel foundation structure. Background Technology

[0002] Bucket foundations are thin-walled foundation structures suitable for marine and port engineering projects such as breakwaters, revetments, dikes, and wharves on silty soil foundations with low bearing capacity. They offer advantages such as lower project costs, shorter construction periods, and better durability. They have been successfully applied to the east and west vertical breakwater projects in the Xuwei Port Area of ​​Lianyungang Port, and the Xiaoyangshan North Breakwater and workboat wharf in Shanghai. Bucket foundations utilize negative pressure settling, eliminating the need for soft soil foundation improvement. The soft soil is enclosed within the bucket through the bucket walls, lid, partitions, and bottom, enhancing the interaction between the soft soil and the bucket foundation structure, allowing them to jointly bear the loads transmitted by the superstructure.

[0003] When barrel foundations are used in port structures such as embankments, cofferdams, and wharves, wave loads, water flow impacts, and the load from unilateral backfill can cause horizontal slippage, settlement, tilting, and other displacements and posture deformations, directly affecting the stability of the engineering structure. Unilateral backfill generates lateral thrust and bending moment towards the sea on the barrel foundation, while the ballast load from the rear backfill causes vertical displacement. The difference in ballast load between the front and rear of the barrel causes it to tilt towards the backfill side. The tilting is caused by uneven settlement on both sides of the structure due to unilateral backfill, while horizontal slippage is generated by the lateral thrust acting on the barrel. When the lower barrel is not deeply embedded in the bearing soil layer, horizontal sliding failure is most likely to occur. The stability of the barrel foundation structure as a whole moving horizontally towards the sea after rear backfilling is a key technical concern in structural design. Therefore, real-time, accurate, and automated monitoring of displacement and posture parameters is a core requirement for ensuring engineering safety.

[0004] Bucket foundation structures are exposed to complex and harsh natural environments with poor foundation conditions, large waves and strong currents, strong corrosion, and high temperature and humidity. Safety monitoring requires long-term maintenance. Furthermore, their distance from the shore and the lack of nearby usable structures make on-site monitoring impossible, and traditional data acquisition methods cannot obtain real-time data. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system for observing the displacement and attitude of bucket foundation structures.

[0005] Current methods for monitoring the displacement and attitude of barrel foundation structures suffer from several specific technical shortcomings, making it difficult to meet practical needs: Firstly, traditional displacement monitoring relies on manual inspections combined with optical instruments (levels, theodolites). Limited by the long distance from the shore and the harsh marine environment (large waves, strong currents, and severe corrosion), it cannot achieve all-weather automated monitoring. This not only results in low efficiency and high labor intensity but also significant data lag, failing to capture dynamic changes in displacement and attitude in a timely manner, thus hindering construction control and emergency response; Secondly, The existing displacement and attitude monitoring results cannot be effectively combined with other parameters with high correlation, such as soil pressure and pore water pressure monitoring results, to effectively analyze displacement and attitude changes. Third, the reliability of data transmission is insufficient. Traditional wired transmission is difficult to lay out, and wireless transmission is easily affected by environmental interference, which cannot guarantee the stable transmission of real-time displacement and attitude data and makes it difficult to achieve automated data closed loop. Fourth, the existing system lacks the ability to fuse and analyze multi-source data for displacement and attitude parameters. It can only collect data individually and cannot accurately invert the displacement and attitude change mechanism of the barrel foundation structure through collaborative calculation with data such as soil pressure and pore water pressure. In addition, the system power supply depends on an external power source, which cannot operate continuously for a long time in remote shore scenarios, resulting in the interruption of automated observation. Furthermore, soil heterogeneity and sensor installation deviations further lead to insufficient accuracy in displacement and attitude-related observation data, affecting the accuracy of structural stability analysis. Currently, China lacks mature automated displacement and attitude observation systems for barrel foundation structures, failing to provide reliable automated monitoring data support for engineering design optimization and construction parameter adjustment. Therefore, developing a system that is adaptable to complex marine environments, easy to install, stable, and reliable, capable of automated displacement and attitude observation under all working conditions, has become crucial for solving the core monitoring challenges of barrel foundation structures.

[0006] The foundation structure of a barrel-type breakwater relies on the combined action of the barrel and soft soil to resist external loads. Therefore, when calculating the stability of the foundation structure in terms of slippage, settlement, and overturning, the displacement and attitude of the barrel are the core calculation content, and their variation patterns and magnitudes play a controlling role in the calculation results of the foundation structure's stability. In actual engineering, due to the large size of the barrel, it is difficult to directly test the barrel's attitude; it is necessary to comprehensively determine the barrel's displacement and attitude by observing multiple parameters such as inclinometers, displacement gauges, and earth pressure gauges installed on the barrel. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings or deficiencies of the existing technologies, this application aims to provide an automated observation system for the displacement and attitude of barrel-type foundation structures. This system constructs a fully automated closed-loop process encompassing acquisition, transmission, processing, and early warning, enabling all-weather, high-precision, and continuous automated observation of the displacement and attitude of barrel-type foundation structures in complex marine environments. To solve this technical problem, this application employs the following technical solution: This application proposes an automated displacement and attitude monitoring system for a bucket foundation structure, which can be used to achieve multi-parameter coupled monitoring and analysis of earth pressure, tilt angle, and displacement. The system includes: a sensing module installed on the bucket foundation structure, integrating earth pressure sensors, tilt angle sensors, and displacement sensors as the data acquisition basis for multi-parameter coupled monitoring, achieving high-precision and time-synchronous acquisition of the three core parameters; a data transmission module for transmitting the multi-source sensing data obtained by the sensing module; a data processing module with a built-in coupled analysis model for performing coupled correlation analysis on the multi-source monitoring data; and an early warning module whose early warning threshold can be customized through a remote platform, supporting not only single-parameter... The system is equipped with multi-level early warning settings based on displacement, tilt angle, and rate of change, and also features multi-parameter coupled early warning judgment logic; a power supply module is also included to provide power to the system; the sensing module, data transmission module, data processing module, early warning module, and power supply module are connected via wires or wireless communication links; wherein, the sensing module includes: pre-embedded earth pressure gauges and pore water pressure gauges, and before the reinforcement binding is completed and the formwork is installed, the pre-treated integrated device of earth pressure gauges and pore water pressure gauges is aligned with the concrete pad according to the earth pressure and pore water pressure measuring point layout diagram, and fixed by positioning reinforcement to ensure that the surface of the integrated device is basically in close contact with the inner and outer formwork.

[0008] The above solution forms a fully automated closed loop by setting up sensing, transmission, processing, early warning and power supply modules. It adopts an integrated device for in-situ installation and positioning steel bar fixing method, which realizes the precise pre-embedding and stable installation of sensing modules such as sensors before construction and pouring, avoids positional deviation and provides a high-precision data source foundation for automated continuous observation.

[0009] More preferably, a thick sponge is used to protect the surface of the integrated device. When the inner template is installed, it is actively attached to the surface of the integrated device. After the concrete is poured, the sponge is removed, so that the surface of the integrated device is exposed.

[0010] The above solution effectively prevents rigid compression and impact damage to the integrated device during template installation and concrete pouring by using the flexible protection and active bonding mechanism of the thick sponge. After pouring, the sponge is removed to ensure that the sensor surface is exposed, thus guaranteeing the authenticity and accuracy of soil pressure and pore water pressure monitoring.

[0011] More preferably, the sensing module further includes: an inclinometer; before the concrete pouring layer reaches the lower bucket cover plate, the inclinometer is initially fixed to the positioning steel bar; after connecting the intelligent reading instrument, the inclinometer is finely adjusted until the inclination is close to zero, and then the inclinometer is completely fixed with the binding steel bar.

[0012] The above scheme achieves precise zero-point calibration of the inclinometer before pouring by combining initial fixing with fine-tuning of the intelligent reading instrument in a two-step installation method, avoiding initial tilting errors caused by subsequent concrete pouring and ensuring the benchmark accuracy of attitude observation data.

[0013] More preferably, the X-axis of the inclinometer is aligned with the long axis of the barrel, and its Y-axis is aligned with the short axis of the barrel.

[0014] The above scheme establishes a unified mapping relationship between the attitude observation coordinate system and the structural geometric coordinate system by strictly aligning the dual-axis direction of the inclinometer with the major and minor axes of the barrel, so that the collected tilt angle data can directly reflect the actual deformation attitude of the barrel in the main force direction.

[0015] More preferably, the inclinometer includes a dual-axis inclinometer, with one dual-axis inclinometer arranged in the middle of the upper barrel of each barrel and one dual-axis inclinometer arranged at the top of the lower barrel side wall.

[0016] The above scheme, by arranging dual-axis inclinometers at key stress and deformation characteristic points in the middle of the upper barrel and the top of the lower barrel's port-side wall, achieves focused capture of the overall tilt trend of the barrel and the attitude of the area most affected by backfill thrust, thereby improving the spatial resolution of attitude observation and the comprehensiveness of structural deformation inversion.

[0017] More preferably, it also includes: a GNSS deformation monitoring station arranged at the center of the top of each barrel, which realizes real-time observation of the object's displacement through the Global Navigation Satellite System; the GNSS deformation monitoring module includes two monitoring stations and a reference station, the reference station is used to obtain the GPS base station differential data of the reference station, and the monitoring stations are used to obtain the real-time differential data of the corresponding monitoring stations on the barrel structure and dynamically calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring stations.

[0018] The above scheme overcomes the limitations of lacking known coordinate control points and line-of-sight conditions in deep-water offshore environments by introducing GNSS real-time dynamic differential positioning technology, and realizes automated continuous observation of three-dimensional displacement at a long distance, all-weather, and millimeter level, completely replacing traditional optical manual measurement.

[0019] More preferably, the monitoring station includes: a fixed observation pier, a GPS receiver, a solar panel, a lightning rod, a communication module, and a waterproof box. Each barrel-shaped structure has one settlement displacement observation point, all of which are located on the fixed observation pier. The GPS satellite antenna is mounted on the fixed observation pier, which is situated within the barrel-shaped monitoring and control room. The GPS receiver, solar panel, lightning rod, communication system, and server are connected via connecting cables. The differential data from the monitoring station is transmitted to the server via the communication module through GPRS / DTU.

[0020] The above scheme constructs a stable physical carrier for offshore monitoring through integrated fixed observation piers and supporting equipment, and realizes remote automatic transmission of differential data by using GPRS / DTU communication links, ensuring the long-term stable operation and data closed loop of the displacement observation system in harsh marine environments.

[0021] More preferably, the monitoring data acquisition and transmission in the sensing module uses a distributed wireless data transmission node-GPRS wireless transmission method, wherein the sensing module is connected to the wireless transmission node via a wired connection, and the data from the wireless transmission node is directly uploaded to the cloud via a built-in GPRS transmission module.

[0022] The above solution, through a distributed wireless data transmission node architecture, seamlessly connects on-site wired sensing data acquisition with remote wireless cloud transmission, eliminating the need for complex long-distance cabling construction, and realizing automatic aggregation and direct cloud uploading of sensing data, greatly improving the convenience and reliability of data transmission.

[0023] More preferably, the wireless data transmission node Node-GPRS wireless transmission mode integrates a solar power supply system, a lithium battery, and a wireless transmission module; and / or, it also integrates a vibrating wire sensor and an RS485 sensor measurement circuit, and expands to multiple outputs through a switch, allowing the node to automatically identify the model type.

[0024] The above solution, through highly integrated power supply, transmission and multi-type sensor measurement circuits, and the introduction of an automatic identification mechanism, changes the drawback of the traditional need to use different data acquisition instruments, realizes unified access and adaptive acquisition of multi-source heterogeneous sensors, and reduces system complexity and hardware cost.

[0025] More preferably, the wireless data transmission node also has a built-in high-capacity lithium battery as the node power source to drive the entire module, while an external solar panel provides long-term battery life.

[0026] The above solution provides long-term power supply capability for distributed nodes through a combination of high-capacity lithium batteries and solar panels, solving the problem of inconvenient external power supply in remote offshore scenarios and ensuring the long-term continuous operation of the observation system under extreme weather conditions.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following technical effects: 1) Achieve automated continuous monitoring under all working conditions, completely eliminating reliance on manual labor: This invention constructs a fully automated closed loop of "acquisition-transmission-processing-early warning" through all-time data acquisition of the sensing module, real-time transmission of distributed wireless nodes, and long-term power supply. Without the need for on-site manual supervision, it can complete displacement and attitude monitoring of the barrel foundation structure under all working conditions, such as floating, sinking, single-sided backfilling, and wave load. The data lag is reduced from several hours to seconds, and it can capture the dynamic deformation of the structure in real time, providing timely data support for construction control and emergency response.

[0028] 2) Significantly improves observation accuracy and data reliability: On the one hand, the integrated device is installed in situ, fixed with positioning steel bars, and protected with thick sponge, effectively avoiding problems such as sensor position displacement, damage, and blockage by permeable stones, ensuring the accuracy of raw data acquisition; on the other hand, the data processing module adopts a multi-source data coupling correction algorithm, which optimizes the displacement and attitude calculation results by combining related parameters such as soil pressure and pore water pressure, and can truly reflect the actual deformation state of the bucket foundation structure.

[0029] 3) Improve operational stability and increase sensor survival rate: The sensor adopts an integrated sealed packaging and installation protection design, as well as overcharge and over-discharge protection and low power warning function of the power supply module. This significantly reduces the failure rate and greatly improves the operational stability of the system in the complex environment of strong marine corrosion, high humidity, large waves and strong currents. The sensor survival rate has increased from 60% to 70% in the existing technology to more than 90%.

[0030] 4) Adapting to complex marine environments and ensuring stable data transmission and endurance: Distributed wireless data transmission nodes combined with GPRS / DTU directly upload to the cloud, achieving stable data transmission in remote offshore scenarios, and the breakpoint resume mechanism ensures that no data is lost; the combined power supply solution of solar energy and high-capacity lithium batteries is adapted to different latitude lighting conditions and can continue to operate continuously in extreme rainy weather, solving the problem of observation interruption caused by the inconvenience of external power supply in remote offshore projects, and ensuring long-term continuous operation of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a block diagram of an automated observation system for displacement and attitude of a barrel-type foundation structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the deformation observation station structure of the barrel foundation according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a top view of the measuring point arrangement structure of the integrated device in the lower barrel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4This is a side view of the measuring point arrangement structure of the integrated device in the lower barrel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the inclinometer embedding and field installation structure according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inclinometer embedding and field installation structure according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the GNSS real-time dynamic positioning and monitoring technology according to an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Among them, 1-sensing module, 2-data transmission module, 3-data processing module, 4-early warning module, 5-power supply module, 6-tilt meter, 7-upper bucket, 8-lower bucket, 9-integrated device. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] Example 1: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an automated observation system for displacement and attitude of a barrel-type foundation structure. The system includes: a sensing module 1, installed on the barrel-type foundation structure M; a data transmission module 3, used to transmit multi-source sensing data obtained by the sensing module 1; a data processing module 4, which has a built-in coupling analysis model for performing coupling correlation analysis on the multi-source monitoring data; an early warning module 4, whose early warning threshold can be customized through a remote platform, supporting not only setting multiple levels of early warning based on single parameters such as displacement, tilt angle, and rate of change, but also equipped with multi-parameter coupled early warning judgment logic; and a power supply module 5, used to provide power to the system; the sensing module 1, the data transmission module 2, the data processing module 3, the early warning module 4, and the power supply module 5 are connected via wires or wireless communication links.

[0035] Specifically, this embodiment constructs a fully automated closed-loop framework of "acquisition-transmission-processing-early warning" through the above five modules. The sensing module 1, as the data source, is responsible for capturing multi-source physical quantities such as soil pressure, pore water pressure, tilt attitude, and displacement of the barrel foundation structure in complex marine environments around the clock; the data transmission module 2 is responsible for the reliable transfer of sensing data to remote locations, overcoming the risk of communication interruption in remote areas and harsh sea conditions; the data processing module 3 performs filtering, noise reduction, and coupling calculations on massive amounts of raw data in the cloud or on a local server, transforming chaotic signals into engineering indicators that reflect the actual deformation of the structure; the early warning module 4, based on these engineering indicators, automatically triggers multi-level responses such as early warning, alarm, or emergency alarm when the displacement, tilt angle, or rate of change reaches different threshold levels set by the remote platform, providing second-level decision support for construction control and emergency response; and the power supply module 5 provides energy security for the long-term uninterrupted operation of all the above modules. It should be understood that although this embodiment describes the collaborative operation of the five modules, in other embodiments, the data processing module 3 and the early warning module 4 can also be integrated in the same physical server or cloud platform instance, as long as the functional logic of data analysis and threshold determination is met.

[0036] The sensing module 1 includes: a pre-embedded earth pressure gauge and a pore water pressure gauge. Before the reinforcement binding is completed and the formwork is installed, according to the earth pressure and pore water pressure measuring point layout diagram, the pre-treated integrated device 9 of the earth pressure gauge and pore water pressure gauge is aligned with the concrete pad and fixed by positioning reinforcement bars to ensure that the surface of the integrated device 9 is basically in close contact with the inner and outer formwork. Figures 3 to 4 As shown, the specific installation positions of the integrated device 9 in the upper tank 7 and the lower tank 9 can be referenced. The illustration is for illustrative purposes only.

[0037] In this embodiment, the in-situ installation process of the integrated device 9 is described in detail. During the critical construction gap between the completion of rebar binding and the installation of formwork, construction personnel integrate the pre-processed (including initial frequency reading, etc.) embedded earth pressure gauge and pore water pressure gauge into the integrated device 9 according to the measuring point layout diagram. Structurally, the integrated device 9 physically integrates the earth pressure sensing unit and the pore water pressure sensing unit within the same encapsulated base, ensuring that the measuring point positions of the two are absolutely coincident in space. This provides a common spatiotemporal reference for the subsequent data processing module 3 to perform coupling correction of earth pressure and pore water pressure. During installation, the integrated device 9 is first aligned with the pre-set concrete pad to ensure that its embedment depth is strictly consistent with the design elevation. Then, it is firmly fixed to the rebar frame using the positioning rebar to prevent the position from falling or overturning due to the impact of subsequent concrete pouring. Finally, the posture of the integrated device 9 is adjusted to ensure that its stress-bearing surface is basically in close contact with the inner and outer formwork, so that the sensor stress-bearing surface can directly and without buffering receive the real stress transmission from the soil or concrete.

[0038] Regarding sensor selection and encapsulation protection, this embodiment further supplements the details of defense depth. The pre-embedded earth pressure gauge 9 is preferably a vibrating wire earth pressure gauge with a range of 0–700 kPa and an accuracy of ±0.5%FS. The vibrating wire principle inverts earth pressure by measuring the change in the vibration frequency of the internal steel wire, offering advantages such as good long-term stability and minimal zero-point drift, making it very suitable for long-term observation in marine engineering. Similarly, the pore water pressure gauge is preferably a stainless steel vibrating wire pore pressure gauge with a range of 0–350 kPa and an accuracy of ±0.1%FS. It has an internal temperature sensor for synchronous temperature correction. In terms of encapsulation protection, the shell of the integrated device 9 is made of 316L stainless steel with a wall thickness ≥5 mm. Epoxy resin sealant is filled between the shell and the sensor body, and the surface is coated with a polyvinyl fluoride anti-corrosion coating (thickness ≥0.3 mm). The interface uses a waterproof aviation plug, and the overall protection level reaches IP68. It should be understood that although this embodiment illustrates a specific combination of vibrating wire principle and 316L stainless steel, in other embodiments, the sensor may also employ fiber Bragg grating (FBG) principle or silicon piezoresistive principle, and the encapsulation shell may be made of titanium alloy or high-strength engineering plastic, as long as it meets the range coverage of 0~700kPa / 0~350kPa and the long-term corrosion and waterproof requirements of IP68.

[0039] In traditional separate binding installations, the earth pressure gauge and pore water pressure gauge are independently bound to the reinforcing mesh. This not only makes precise spatial alignment difficult, leading to distortion in subsequent coupling correction, but more critically, under the high-frequency impact of concrete pouring and vibrating rods, the independently bound sensors are prone to slippage along the reinforcing bars or rotation around them, causing a change in the orientation of the force-bearing surface and measurement failure. Simultaneously, the permeable stones of the independently installed pore water pressure gauge are easily blocked by cement slurry during pouring, preventing it from sensing real changes in pore water pressure. This embodiment uses an integrated device 9, fixed with positioning reinforcing bars and tightly attached to the formwork, fundamentally eliminating the risk of positional displacement associated with separate binding. Furthermore, the tight-fitting installation posture allows the permeable stones to be directly exposed to the soil or water medium after the formwork is removed, completely avoiding the fatal problem of cement slurry blockage. This significantly improves the data accuracy and sensor survival rate of the sensing module 1 under harsh construction conditions.

[0040] Furthermore, the construction protection and final exposure fabrication of the integrated device 9 are further optimized. Specifically, a thick sponge is used to protect the surface of the integrated device 9. When the inner formwork is installed, it is actively attached to the surface of the integrated device 9. After the concrete is poured, the thick sponge is removed, exposing the surface of the integrated device 9.

[0041] In conjunction with the above, this embodiment elaborates on the process sequence logic of the aforementioned features. In step S101, the surface is protected with thick sponge before installation: After fixing the integrated device 9 with the positioning steel bar and ensuring its surface is tightly against the inner and outer templates, the construction personnel need to wrap or cover the outside of the force-sensing surface of the integrated device 9 with a layer of thick sponge. The thickness of the sponge is usually selected to be 20mm to 50mm to provide sufficient flexible buffer space. In step S102, the inner template is actively attached during installation: Subsequently, the inner template is closed. At this time, the rigid plate surface of the inner template will actively squeeze and adhere to the surface of the integrated device 9 wrapped with thick sponge. The thick sponge is compressed to a thickness that matches the gap between the template and the sensor, which not only fills the gap between the template and the sensor but also avoids the template directly and rigidly pressing the sensor shell. In step S103, concrete is poured: During the concrete pouring and vibration process, the flexible and yielding characteristics of the thick sponge play a crucial energy-absorbing role. It effectively absorbs the impact force of the falling concrete slurry and the compressive stress generated by the high-frequency vibration of the vibrator, preventing the internal precision vibrating wire sensing unit from malfunctioning or being damaged due to excessive pressure. In step S104, the sponge is removed to expose the surface: After the concrete has initially set and achieved a certain structural strength, and the inner and outer formwork is removed, the construction personnel peel the thick sponge off the surface of the integrated device 9. At this time, the stress-bearing surface of the integrated device 9 is completely exposed and directly contacts the outer backfill soil or the inner water medium.

[0042] Traditional sensor pre-embedded protection often uses rigid steel plates or wooden boxes as covers. Although such rigid protection can block impacts during pouring, it cannot absorb vibration energy itself. Impact stress will be rigidly transmitted to the inside of the sensor through the rigid cover, which can easily cause the initial frequency drift of the vibrating wire sensor or even structural damage. More critically, the rigid protective cover is often difficult to completely remove or clean after pouring, resulting in a permanent rigid spacer layer between the sensor's stress surface and the surrounding soil / concrete. This spacer layer will seriously change the local stress field distribution, producing stress concentration or arching effect, so that the pressure value sensed by the sensor is not the actual soil pressure or pore water pressure of the structure, causing serious lag and distortion in the measurement data. The thick sponge used in this embodiment has a porous and flexible structure that plays an energy-dissipating role by "overcoming rigidity with softness" during the pouring stage. It transforms uncontrollable construction impacts into elastic compression deformation of the sponge, protecting the stability of the sensor's zero point. After pouring, the thick sponge can be easily and completely peeled off without leaving any media residue, ensuring that the stress-bearing surface of the integrated device 9 can achieve direct physical contact with the soil / concrete at zero distance, thereby obtaining the most authentic and unbuffered in-situ stress data.

[0043] It should be understood that although this embodiment preferably describes the use of thick sponge as a flexible protective medium, in other embodiments, the flexible protective medium can also be a high-density closed-cell foam board, a soft rubber pad, or a biodegradable flexible buffer layer, as long as it meets the functional requirements of absorbing impact and compressive stress during the pouring stage and being completely removed after demolding without leaving any residue affecting the sensor's direct contact with the soil. This mechanism of flexible retreat and complete exposure is not only applicable to the integrated device 9, but also to other pre-embedded sensors that need to directly sense the pressure of the medium, representing a fundamental subversion and optimization of the traditional rigid protection logic.

[0044] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment further elaborates on the attitude monitoring sub-scheme of the sensing module 1. The sensing module 1 also includes: an inclinometer 6. Before the concrete pouring layer reaches the lower bucket cover plate, the inclinometer 6 is initially fixed to the positioning steel bar; after connecting the intelligent reading instrument, the inclinometer 6 is finely adjusted until the inclination is close to zero, and then the inclinometer 6 is completely fixed with the binding steel bar 12.

[0045] Specifically, this embodiment employs a two-step fine-tuning installation method to ensure the initial reference accuracy of the inclinometer 6. In step S201, preliminary fixing: before the concrete pouring layer gradually rises and reaches the position of the lower bucket cover, the construction personnel initially fix the inclinometer 6 to the positioning reinforcement using tie wires or temporary clips. This stage of fixing is a semi-rigid connection, allowing the sensor to undergo a certain degree of attitude adjustment under minor external forces. In step S202, fine-tuning via reading device connection: the construction personnel connect the signal line of the intelligent reading device to the inclinometer 6, read its current dual-axis tilt angle output value in real time, and, based on the reading feedback, manually intervene in the installation attitude of the inclinometer 6 by gently tapping or turning the fine-tuning mechanism until its X-axis and Y-axis tilt angle output values ​​are close to zero (e.g., the error is controlled within ±0.01°). In step S203, complete fixation: After fine-tuning to the standard, quickly use the binding steel bar 12 to weld or rigidly bind the inclinometer 6 to the surrounding main reinforcement skeleton at multiple points, so that its posture is completely locked and no longer affected by subsequent construction disturbances.

[0046] To further prevent instrument malfunction due to over-range testing caused by factors such as pressure from continuous concrete pouring and impact from the vibrator, this embodiment also introduces an auxiliary protective detail: pre-pouring concrete of the same specifications. Before formally installing the inclinometer 6, construction personnel will pre-pour a layer of miniature concrete pad or protective cover of the same specifications and strength as the barrel body around it, enclosing the base and part of the shell of the inclinometer 6. This pretreatment step changes the stress environment of the inclinometer 6 from "directly bearing instantaneous impact" to "uniformly dispersing stress through a solidified rigid pad" when encountering large-scale concrete pouring and high-frequency vibration, effectively avoiding permanent damage or zero-point drift of the MEMS sensitive chip due to instantaneous over-range pressure.

[0047] Traditional one-time binding installation methods directly weld the inclinometer to the steel reinforcement cage. However, due to the slight deflection of the steel reinforcement cage during construction and the unpredictable random impacts from subsequent concrete pouring and vibration, this one-time rigid fixation easily causes the inclinometer's actual initial zero point to deviate from the true physical zero position. Furthermore, this deviation cannot be recalibrated after pouring, resulting in all subsequent attitude monitoring data carrying an unavoidable systematic initial error. In contrast, the "preliminary fixation - reading fine-tuning - complete fixation" timing logic of this embodiment precisely embeds the zero-point calibration action into the final moment before pouring, ensuring that the sensor's initial attitude is absolutely aligned with the physical coordinate system. Combined with a pre-poured concrete pad of the same specification, it further blocks the fatal risk of over-range impacts from the mechanical transmission path, fundamentally guaranteeing the baseline accuracy of the attitude monitoring data and the sensor's survival rate.

[0048] More preferably, the X-axis of the inclinometer 6 is aligned with the long axis of the barrel, and its Y-axis is aligned with the short axis of the barrel.

[0049] Specifically, this embodiment establishes a direct mapping relationship between the attitude observation coordinate system and the structural geometric coordinate system. Under the coupled action of unilateral backfill thrust and wave load, the barrel foundation structure exhibits distinct geometric characteristics in its principal stress deformation direction: along the long axis of the barrel (usually the direction extending from the breakwater axis), it primarily bears the horizontal thrust of waves and the impact of water flow, making it prone to overall slippage; along the short axis of the barrel (usually the sea-side / harbor-side direction perpendicular to the breakwater axis), it primarily bears the lateral compression of the backfill material, making it prone to tilting and uneven settlement. By strictly aligning the X-axis and Y-axis of the inclinometer 6 with the long and short axes of the barrel, each tilt angle data output by the sensor can be directly mapped to the actual deformation component of the structure in the principal stress direction. This eliminates the need for complex coordinate rotation and projection conversions during subsequent data processing, simplifying the calculation logic of the data processing module 3 and avoiding accuracy loss due to angle coupling during coordinate conversion.

[0050] It should be understood that although this embodiment preferably describes an arrangement in which the X-axis is aligned with the major axis and the Y-axis is aligned with the minor axis, in other embodiments, when the main force direction of the barrel body is deflected due to changes in the engineering orientation, the axial direction of the inclinometer 6 can also be rotated and deflected accordingly, as long as its dual-axis direction is kept parallel to the two orthogonal main force deformation directions of the structure.

[0051] More preferably, the inclinometer 6 includes a dual-axis inclinometer, with one dual-axis inclinometer arranged in the middle of the upper barrel of each barrel and one dual-axis inclinometer arranged at the top of the lower barrel side wall.

[0052] Specifically, this embodiment employs a dual-point deployment strategy of "overall macroscopic capture + local feature enhancement" in spatial arrangement. The first biaxial inclinometer, positioned in the middle of the upper bucket 7, is located slightly above the center of gravity of the bucket structure. It can macroscopically reflect the overall tilting trend and swaying posture of the bucket foundation structure under the coupled loads of waves and backfill. The second biaxial inclinometer, positioned at the top of the harbor-side bucket wall of the lower bucket 8, precisely anchors the most dangerous stress concentration area of ​​the structure—the top of the harbor-side bucket wall is precisely the point of maximum bending moment directly affected by the lateral thrust of the backfill material. Tilt changes in this area are most sensitive and drastic, often resulting in local yielding deformation before the overall structure. Through the spatial combination of these two feature points, the system can not only determine "how much the bucket has tilted," but also identify "where the tilt is most severe," providing spatially resolved attitude data for the early warning module 4 to trigger multi-level early warnings.

[0053] Regarding the selection parameters and equivalent alternatives for the sensor, the inclinometer 6 is preferably a MEMS-type high-precision inclinometer with a standard range of ±30°, a sensitivity of 0.001°, and a measurement accuracy of <0.005°. The MEMS microelectromechanical system (MEMS) calculates the tilt angle by sensing changes in the gravitational component through an internal silicon-based capacitive sensing element. It has advantages such as good long-term stability, minimal zero-point drift, and strong resistance to vibration and shock, making it very suitable for long-term dynamic observation in marine engineering. It should be understood that although this embodiment lists the MEMS type as preferred, in other embodiments, fiber optic grating (FBG) type inclinometers or servo accelerometer type inclinometers can also be used, as long as the observation requirement of a range covering ±30° and an accuracy better than 0.005° is met. These embodiments are illustrative only and not restrictive.

[0054] Further, see Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment further elaborates on the displacement monitoring sub-scheme of the sensing module 1. The sensing module 1 also includes: a GNSS deformation monitoring station arranged at the center of the top of each barrel, which realizes real-time observation of the object's displacement through the Global Navigation Satellite System; the GNSS deformation monitoring station includes two monitoring stations and one reference station, the reference station is used to obtain differential data from the GPS base station of the reference station, and the monitoring stations are used to obtain real-time differential data of the corresponding monitoring stations on the barrel structure and dynamically calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring points.

[0055] Specifically, this embodiment details the real-time differential positioning logic of the GNSS deformation monitoring station. In step S301, the base station acquires differential data from the GPS base station: the base station receiver, deployed at a known stable coordinate point, continuously locks onto multiple GPS satellite signals, and calculates the orbital error, clock error, and atmospheric delay correction parameters for each satellite based on its precisely known three-dimensional coordinates, generating differential correction values. In step S302, the monitoring point acquires real-time differential data: the monitoring station receiver, positioned at the center of the top of the barrel, synchronously receives the same GPS satellite signals and receives the differential correction values ​​from the base station in real time. In step S303, the three-dimensional coordinates are dynamically calculated: the monitoring station performs real-time fusion calculations of the original pseudorange observations and differential correction values ​​to eliminate common error sources and dynamically output a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate sequence for the monitoring point.

[0056] Barrel-foundation breakwaters are typically located in deep-water, offshore areas where it is difficult to find control points with known coordinates nearby. Furthermore, the various measuring points are often not line-of-sight due to large waves, strong currents, and topographical obstructions. Traditional optical instruments (such as levels and theodolites) rely on manual point-by-point aiming and reading, which is not only severely limited by visibility conditions and adverse weather, making all-weather automated monitoring impossible, but also extremely time-consuming for each measurement, making it impossible to capture the high-frequency dynamic displacement response of the barrel under wave loads. In contrast, the GNSS real-time dynamic differential positioning technology used in this embodiment has a long effective operating distance, is not limited by visibility conditions, has a fast positioning speed and high efficiency, can operate in all weather conditions, and is generally unaffected by weather conditions. It completely overcomes the physical limitations of deep-water, offshore areas lacking control points and lacking visibility, achieving long-distance, millimeter-level automated continuous observation of three-dimensional displacement.

[0057] More preferably, the monitoring station includes: the fixed observation pier, a GPS receiver, a solar panel, a lightning rod, a communication module, and a waterproof box. Each barrel-shaped structure has one settlement displacement observation point, all of which are located on the fixed observation pier. The GPS satellite antenna is mounted on the fixed observation pier, which is situated within the barrel-shaped monitoring and control room. The GPS receiver, solar panel, lightning rod, communication system, and server are connected via connecting cables. The differential data from the monitoring station is transmitted to the server via the communication module through GPRS / DTU.

[0058] In this embodiment, the hardware integration configuration and communication timing logic described above are bound together in detail. The fixed observation pier serves as the physical support base for the entire GNSS deformation monitoring station. Its structure is welded from an antenna connector, a steel pipe column, and a channel steel base, and finally welded to the roof of the barrel-shaped monitoring and control room. This rigid welded connection ensures absolute rigid coupling between the observation pier and the barrel structure, enabling the GPS satellite antenna to sense every minute displacement and settlement at the top of the barrel without any lag. Regarding equipment integration, the GPS receiver, solar power unit, lightning rod, communication module, and waterproof box are all electrically interconnected via connecting cables. The waterproof box houses the core electronic equipment to withstand the high humidity and salt spray corrosion of the ocean, while the lightning rod protects the fragile GPS antenna and receiver from lightning strikes. In terms of communication timing logic, the differential data of the monitoring station is sent to the server via GPRS / DTU through the communication module. This process follows a strict automatic triggering and transmission mechanism: after the GPS receiver completes dynamic calculation, it packages the three-dimensional coordinate data packet with the timestamp and sends it to the communication module via the serial port; the communication module establishes a TCP / IP long connection with the remote server through the GPRS / DTU network and automatically pushes the data packet to the cloud, realizing real-time closed-loop transmission of data without manual intervention.

[0059] Regarding the parameter examples for observation accuracy and frequency, this embodiment further supplements the details of defense depth. The output frequency of the GNSS deformation monitoring station is as high as 20Hz, that is, it can output 20 three-dimensional coordinate calculation results per second. This high-frequency sampling capability can accurately capture the high-frequency swaying and transient slippage process of the barrel caused by wave loads; its coordinate accuracy reaches the millimeter level in dynamic mode and sub-millimeter level in long-term static observation, easily achieving 24-hour uninterrupted monitoring. It should be understood that although this embodiment lists a specific combination of GPS system and GPRS / DTU transmission, in other embodiments, the GNSS deformation monitoring station can also be compatible with multiple systems such as Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS) or GLONASS for joint positioning, and the communication module can also be replaced with a 5G module or LoRa wireless transmission unit, as long as it meets the function of real-time differential calculation and automatic cloud upload of millimeter-level displacement in deep-water offshore scenarios. The embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and not restrictive.

[0060] Furthermore, this embodiment elaborates on the underlying hardware architecture and operating mechanism of the data transmission module 2 and the power supply module 5. The monitoring data acquisition and transmission in the sensing module 1 uses a Node-GPRS wireless transmission method with distributed wireless data transmission nodes. The sensing module 1 is connected to the wireless data transmission node via a wired connection, and the data from the wireless data transmission node is directly uploaded to the cloud via a built-in GPRS transmission module.

[0061] Specifically, this embodiment details the distributed architecture logic of the wireless data transmission node. In step S401, the sensed data is converged via wired connection: the sensed modules 1 deployed on-site (including the pre-embedded soil pressure gauge, the pore water pressure gauge, the inclinometer 6, and the GNSS receiver, etc.) are connected to the wireless data transmission node on the tank via signal cables in a wired manner. This short-distance wired convergence avoids the difficulties of long-distance cabling construction and the risk of cable damage in the marine environment. In step S402, the node's built-in GPRS directly uploads to the cloud: the wireless data transmission node, as a distributed edge gateway, does not need to go through the relay and protocol conversion of the local central control cabinet. It directly establishes a TCP / IP long connection with the remote cloud server through its built-in GPRS transmission module and directly uploads the converged sensed data.

[0062] Traditional wired centralized transmission requires laying hundreds of meters of cable between each tank and the central control room. In the harsh marine environment with large waves, strong currents, and high corrosion, these cables are easily snagged by ship anchors or corroded by salt spray, causing the entire observation link to be interrupted. Traditional wireless aggregation transmission requires transmitting data to a local gateway via short-range radio (such as ZigBee or LoRa) before the gateway uploads it to the cloud. This two-hop architecture increases communication latency and the risk of intermediate node failure. The "wired short-range aggregation + GPRS single-hop direct transmission to the cloud" architecture in this embodiment completely eliminates the pain points of long-distance cabling and dependence on intermediate gateways, achieving second-level direct delivery of sensing data from edge nodes to the cloud, significantly improving the reliability and real-time performance of data transmission.

[0063] More preferably, the Node-GPRS wireless transmission method of the wireless data transmission node integrates a solar power supply system, a lithium battery, and a wireless transmission module; and / or, it also integrates a vibrating wire sensor and an RS485 sensor measurement circuit, and expands to multiple outputs through a switch, allowing the node to automatically identify the model type.

[0064] Specifically, this embodiment implements hardware binding and logical expansion of the internal integration and automatic identification mechanism of the wireless data transmission node. At the hardware integration level, the wireless data transmission node highly integrates the solar power supply system, the lithium battery, the wireless transmission module, and multiple types of sensor measurement circuits within a single waterproof enclosure, forming a self-sufficient micro-IoT terminal. At the automatic identification logic level, since the sensing module 1 includes vibrating wire sensors (such as the embedded soil pressure gauge and the pore water pressure gauge) and RS485 digital sensors (such as the MEMS-type inclinometer 6), traditional solutions require separate acquisition devices for these two sensors with different communication protocols. This not only increases hardware costs and equipment size but also makes on-site wiring and system configuration extremely cumbersome. This embodiment integrates the vibrating wire sensor excitation measurement circuit and the RS485 serial communication circuit within the node, and expands the measurement channels to multiple outputs through the microcontroller's switch expansion circuit (such as a multi-channel analog switch or relay array). After the sensor cable is connected to the node, the microcontroller sequentially sends polling commands (including vibrating wire sweep commands and RS485 handshake commands) to each channel. Based on the channel's response message format and protocol characteristics, the node can automatically identify the currently connected sensor model and type, and adaptively switch to the corresponding acquisition strategy and parsing algorithm. It should be understood that although this embodiment lists automatic identification of vibrating wire and RS485 sensors, in other embodiments, this mechanism can also be extended to SDI-12 protocol sensors or analog voltage / current output sensors, as long as the node has the corresponding built-in measurement circuitry and achieves model adaptation through the polling mechanism.

[0065] More preferably, the wireless data transmission node also has a built-in high-capacity lithium battery as the node power source to drive the entire module, while an external solar panel provides long-term battery life.

[0066] Specifically, this embodiment provides in-depth defense by supplementing the specific parameter endpoints and low-power operation strategies of the combined power supply mechanism. The high-capacity lithium battery is preferably a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a capacity of 100Ah, a nominal voltage of 12V, a cycle life of ≥2000 cycles, and an operating temperature range of -20℃ to 60℃. This lithium iron phosphate material system has high thermal stability and inherent safety characteristics of not catching fire or exploding, making it extremely suitable for marine environments with high humidity and strong salt spray. The solar panel is preferably a monocrystalline silicon solar panel with a power of ≥100W and a conversion efficiency of ≥23%, equipped with an aluminum profile bracket, and the angle can be adjusted within the range of 15° to 60° to adapt to different latitude lighting conditions. In terms of low-power operation, the wireless data transmission node adopts a wake-up / sleep mechanism: the acquisition cycle (e.g., 5 min to 48 h / time) can be set according to remote platform instructions or local preset requirements. At the beginning of each acquisition cycle, the node wakes up from deep sleep and powers on the sensing module 1 to acquire data. After the acquisition is completed and the data is packaged and uploaded by the GPRS module, the node immediately cuts off the power supply to the sensor and the radio frequency transmission of the wireless module, and re-enters deep sleep, waiting to wake up in the next cycle. This intermittent working mode reduces the average power consumption of the node by more than 90%, ensuring that the node can operate normally for a long time with only the power of the solar panel, without any external mains power. In terms of the breakpoint resume mechanism, the node has a built-in 2MB memory for backing up the acquired data (using a circular storage strategy to overwrite old data). When the GPRS network fails and the node cannot report data in time, the node will automatically acquire data and store it in the local memory as usual; when the network returns to normal, the node will automatically re-transmit the cached data in timestamp order to ensure zero loss of sensing data. It should be understood that although this embodiment lists specific parameter endpoints for 100Ah lithium iron phosphate and ≥100W monocrystalline silicon, in other embodiments, lithium titanate batteries can also be used to pursue more extreme wide temperature characteristics and cycle life, and flexible thin-film solar panels can also be used to adapt to curved surface installation scenarios, as long as the functional logic of long-term node endurance and low-power wake-up and hibernation is met. The embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not restrictive.

[0067] Example 2: Based on the aforementioned Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a typical application scenario of an automated observation system for displacement and attitude of a barrel foundation structure under the coupled conditions of single-sided backfilling and wave load, to demonstrate the core advantages of the system's fully automated closed-loop operation logic and multi-source data coupling correction.

[0068] The application scenario is a deep-water offshore breakwater project where the barrel foundation structure is subjected to repeated impacts from the lateral thrust of the backfill material on one side and the wave load in front. Under these complex stress conditions, the barrel is prone to horizontal slippage towards the sea, uneven settlement, and tilting deformation. This embodiment describes in detail the entire process operation mechanism of the system in this harsh environment.

[0069] In step S501, the sensing module 1 collects multi-source physical quantity data in real time: the pre-embedded soil pressure gauge and the pore water pressure gauge deployed on the barrel continuously sense the increase in soil pressure and the dissipation law of pore water pressure on the inner and outer sides of the barrel wall; the inclinometer 6 outputs the tilt attitude angle of the barrel in the direction of the major axis and minor axis in real time; and the GNSS deformation monitoring station outputs the millimeter-level three-dimensional coordinate displacement sequence of the top of the barrel at a high frequency of 20Hz.

[0070] In step S502, the wireless data transmission node wakes up to collect data and then goes into hibernation to upload data: According to a preset collection cycle, the wireless data transmission node wakes up from deep hibernation, powers on the sensing module 1 to complete one data sampling, and then uploads the aggregated and packaged sensing data directly to the cloud server through the built-in GPRS transmission module. After the upload is completed, the node immediately cuts off the radio frequency transmission and sensor power supply and re-enters hibernation, waiting to wake up in the next cycle.

[0071] In step S503, the data processing module 3 performs multi-source data coupling calculation and correction: After receiving the raw sensing data, the cloud server first executes the noise reduction and elimination logic of the data preprocessing unit. It uses a Kalman filter algorithm to smooth and filter high-frequency noise in the GNSS displacement and tilt sequences, and uses the 3σ criterion to eliminate abnormal jump values ​​exceeding the mean ± 3 times the standard deviation, ensuring the purity of the original signal input to the calculation model. Subsequently, the core coupling correction logic is executed: a single sensor cannot invert the mechanism; multi-source coupling correction is necessary to truly reflect the structural state. For example, relying solely on GNSS displacement data only reveals a 50mm horizontal shift at the top of the barrel, but it cannot explain whether this 50mm shift is driven by excessive backfill thrust leading to overall slippage or by local yielding of the soft soil causing tilting, rotation, and subsidence. In this embodiment, the difference in sidewall pressure increments sensed by the embedded soil pressure gauge and the pore water pressure gauge is substituted into the elastic foundation beam model, combined with the tilt attitude angle sensed by the inclinometer 6, to perform coupling correction on the GNSS displacement calculation results. Specifically, the elastic foundation beam model treats the bucket as a beam structure placed on a soft soil spring, with the backfill thrust as the concentrated load input and the distribution of soil pressure and pore water pressure as boundary condition constraints. The theoretical displacement and tilt response of the bucket under the current load are calculated through model inversion. When there is a deviation between the theoretical response and the GNSS measured displacement, the data processing module 3 uses the measured incremental difference between soil pressure and pore pressure to adaptively calibrate and correct the foundation spring stiffness parameters in the model. This makes the final output displacement and attitude parameters not only include spatial geometric change information, but also deeply integrate the mechanical mechanism of soil-structure interaction, which can truly reflect whether the bucket is in the elastic safe deformation stage or the plastic yielding and slip precursor stage.

[0072] In step S504, the early warning module 4 triggers multi-level early warnings based on the remote platform's custom thresholds: high-precision displacement and attitude parameters, after coupling correction, are pushed to the remote monitoring platform in real time, and the platform sets multi-level early warning thresholds according to engineering safety specifications. For example, when the horizontal displacement is ≥50mm and the tilt angle is ≥3°, the system determines that the structure has entered the plastic yielding danger zone, automatically triggers an emergency alarm, and sends alarm information to the engineering management personnel via SMS module and APP, prompting them to immediately suspend backfilling construction and take reinforcement measures; when the displacement is between 20mm and 50mm or the tilt angle is between 1° and 3°, the system triggers an early warning prompt, reminding them to strengthen the monitoring frequency and construction control.

[0073] Traditional single-sensor observation schemes can only provide isolated physical quantity data, such as only soil pressure values ​​or only displacement values. They lack the ability to couple and invert multi-source heterogeneous data into mechanical models, resulting in monitoring data failing to penetrate the surface and reveal the internal mechanical mechanisms of structural deformation. This often leads to misjudgments of the safety status—for example, although the displacement is small, the difference in soil pressure increment is close to the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation. In this case, a single displacement warning will not be triggered, but the structure is actually in a critical slip state. This application constructs a deep closed loop from physical quantity perception to mechanical mechanism inversion and multi-level warning response by using multi-source full-quantity acquisition by sensing module 1, stable direct transmission by data transmission module 2, and elastic foundation beam model coupling correction by data processing module 3. This completely solves the pain point of traditional observations that "know what but not why," and provides accurate and reliable automated decision support for the safety control of barrel foundation structures in complex marine environments.

[0074] It should be understood that although this embodiment uses an elastic foundation beam model as a specific mechanical mechanism for coupling correction, in other embodiments, depending on the characteristics of the foundation soil, a finite element inversion model or a Boussinesq semi-infinite body solution model can also be used, as long as the functional logic of combining earth pressure, pore water pressure, and displacement attitude data for joint inversion of the mechanical mechanism is satisfied. The embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and not restrictive.

[0075] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms “center,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “length,” “width,” “thickness,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” “outer,” “clockwise,” “counterclockwise,” “axial,” “radial,” and “circumferential,” etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0076] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0077] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0078] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0079] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit it. The preferred embodiments have been described in detail. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A barrel foundation structure displacement and attitude automated observation system, characterized by, include: The sensing module is installed on a barrel-shaped foundation structure; A data transmission module is used to transmit the multi-source sensing data obtained by the sensing module; The data processing module has a built-in coupling analysis model for performing coupling correlation analysis on multi-source monitoring data; The early warning module has its early warning thresholds set via a remote platform. It supports setting multiple levels of early warning based on a single parameter such as displacement, tilt angle, and rate of change. It also features multi-parameter coupled early warning judgment logic. and a power supply module, which provides power to the system; The sensing module, the data transmission module, the data processing module, the early warning module, and the power supply module are connected by wires or wireless communication links; The sensing module includes a pre-embedded earth pressure gauge and a pore water pressure gauge. Before the reinforcement binding is completed and the formwork is installed, the pre-treated integrated device of the earth pressure gauge and pore water pressure gauge is aligned with the concrete pad according to the earth pressure and pore water pressure measuring point layout diagram. It is then fixed by positioning reinforcement to ensure that the surface of the integrated device is basically in close contact with the inner and outer formwork.

2. The barrel-based infrastructure displacement and attitude automated observation system of claim 1, wherein, The surface of the integrated device is protected with thick sponge. When the inner template is installed, it is actively attached to the surface of the integrated device. After the concrete is poured, the sponge is removed, so that the surface of the integrated device is exposed.

3. The barrel-based infrastructure displacement and attitude automated observation system of claim 1, wherein, The sensing module also includes an inclinometer. Before the concrete pouring layer reaches the lower bucket cover, the inclinometer is initially fixed to the positioning steel bar. After connecting the intelligent reading instrument, the inclinometer is finely adjusted until the inclination is close to zero. Then, the inclinometer is completely fixed with the binding steel bar.

4. The barrel foundation displacement and attitude automated observation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The X-axis of the inclinometer is aligned with the major axis of the barrel, and its Y-axis is aligned with the minor axis of the barrel.

5. The barrel-based infrastructure displacement and attitude automated observation system of claim 4, wherein, The inclinometer includes a dual-axis inclinometer, with one dual-axis inclinometer arranged in the middle of the upper barrel of each barrel and one dual-axis inclinometer arranged at the top of the lower barrel side wall.

6. The barrel-based infrastructure displacement and attitude automated observation system of claim 1, wherein, Also includes: A GNSS deformation monitoring station is arranged at the center of the top of each barrel, which realizes real-time observation of the object's displacement through the global navigation satellite system; The GNSS deformation monitoring module includes two monitoring stations and one reference station. The reference station is used to obtain differential data from the GPS base station of the reference station, and the monitoring stations are used to obtain real-time differential data of the corresponding monitoring stations on the barrel structure and dynamically calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring stations.

7. The barrel-based infrastructure displacement and attitude automated observation system of claim 6, wherein, The monitoring station includes: a fixed observation pier, a GPS receiver, solar panels, a lightning rod, a communication module, and a waterproof box. Each of the barrels is equipped with one settlement displacement observation point. All observation points are in the form of fixed observation piers. GPS satellite antennas are installed on the fixed observation piers, which are located in the barrel-shaped structure monitoring and control room. The GPS receiver, solar panel, surge arrester, communication system, and server are connected via a connecting cable; the differential data from the monitoring station is transmitted to the server via GPRS / DTU through the communication module.

8. The barrel foundation displacement and attitude automated observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The monitoring data acquisition and transmission in the sensing module uses a distributed wireless data transmission node-GPRS wireless transmission method. The sensing module is connected to the wireless transmission node via a wired connection, and the data from the wireless transmission node is directly uploaded to the cloud via a built-in GPRS transmission module.

9. The caisson foundation displacement and attitude automated observation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The wireless data transmission node Node-GPRS wireless transmission mode integrates a solar power supply system, lithium battery, and wireless transmission module; and / or, it also integrates a vibrating wire sensor and RS485 sensor measurement circuit, and expands to multiple outputs through a switch, allowing the node to automatically identify the model type.

10. The barrel-based infrastructure displacement and attitude automated observation system of claim 8, wherein, The wireless data transmission node also has a built-in high-capacity lithium battery to power the entire module, while an external solar panel provides long-term battery life.

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