A real-time monitoring system for mechanical performance of building engineering based on intelligent construction

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of mechanical property monitoring, and discloses a building engineering mechanical property real-time monitoring system based on intelligent construction, which comprises a multi-source sensing unit, a data transmission unit, a data processing and evaluation unit and an intelligent protection linkage unit. The building engineering mechanical property real-time monitoring system based on intelligent construction innovatively integrates microscopic vibration and strain sensing, macroscopic form and heavy load monitoring and a building information model by constructing an integrated closed-loop architecture of multi-source sensing, digital twinning and intelligent protection. The core of the system is to use a multifunctional sensor group arranged in the interior and on the surface of a component to collect environmental and mechanical parameters in real time, drive a digital twin based on a finite element model to perform online inversion analysis, thereby stripping the modal parameters of the component from the measured vibration signals, and further calculating a stiffness matrix, a stress field and a safety residual coefficient reflecting the real state of the structure interior in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical performance monitoring technology, and in particular to a real-time monitoring system for the mechanical performance of building engineering based on intelligent construction. Background Technology

[0002] In the context of intelligent construction and building industrialization, real-time and accurate monitoring of the mechanical performance of building structures throughout their entire life cycle of construction and operation is crucial for ensuring project safety, optimizing design schemes, and achieving preventive maintenance. Key load-bearing components in building structures, such as large-span floor slabs, transfer beams, and prestressed components, exhibit complex mechanical behavior, influenced by multiple factors including construction loads, ambient temperature, and material shrinkage and creep. Traditional periodic manual inspections or monitoring of single physical quantities can no longer meet the requirements.

[0003] Existing monitoring technologies are mostly targeted at a specific type of structure or specific indicators. For example, patent CN112903982A discloses a non-destructive monitoring system and method for the mechanical properties of asphalt pavement. It evaluates the viscoelasticity and fatigue performance of pavement structures by embedding attitude, weighing, temperature and humidity sensors and combining them with a pre-trained model. However, this method is specifically designed for flexible pavement structures. Its evaluation model depends on the viscoelastic properties of asphalt materials and the dynamic response under vehicle dynamic loads. It cannot be directly transferred to structural members of buildings, which are mainly made of concrete and steel. Furthermore, this method lacks accurate inversion of the overall stress state of the components and active safety intervention methods.

[0004] Patent CN114935371B discloses a mechanical performance safety monitoring system for stressed slabs. It utilizes a sophisticated mechanical core monitoring sphere to sense changes in the slab's tilt angle and triggers airbag deployment for physical protection when the angle exceeds a threshold. This system focuses on monitoring macroscopic phenomena such as slab instability and tilting, and providing emergency physical buffering. However, it has the following limitations: First, the monitored physical quantity is singular, only the tilt angle, and it cannot obtain core mechanical parameters such as stress, strain, and vibration frequency of the component, making in-depth mechanical performance analysis difficult. Second, the airbag protection is only a one-time emergency measure and lacks the ability to coordinate with a warning system for graded control. Third, its core monitoring sphere is a hybrid mechanical-electronic structure, and its stability and durability under long-term dynamic response need further consideration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Given the following shortcomings of the existing technologies: the monitored physical quantity is singular, only the tilt angle, which cannot obtain core mechanical parameters such as stress, strain, and vibration frequency of the components, making it difficult to conduct in-depth mechanical performance analysis; the airbag protection is only a one-time emergency measure and does not have the ability to link with the early warning system for graded control; and its core monitoring ball is a mechanical-electronic hybrid structure, and its stability and durability under long-term dynamic response need to be considered, this invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a real-time monitoring system for the mechanical performance of building engineering based on intelligent construction. The purpose is to develop a system that can be modularly deployed, collect multi-dimensional mechanical parameters of key structural components in real time, accurately assess their internal stress state and safety reserves through dynamic inversion, and simultaneously link with intelligent protection devices for real-time monitoring.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a real-time monitoring system for the mechanical properties of building engineering based on intelligent construction, comprising: The multi-source sensing unit includes multiple sensor groups arranged in a preset spatial array inside and / or on the surface of the stress-bearing components of the monitored building; each sensor group includes a triaxial accelerometer, a strain sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, for synchronously and in real time acquiring the micro-amplitude vibration signal, dynamic strain signal and temperature and humidity data of the stress-bearing components under environmental excitation. The data transmission unit is used to aggregate and transmit various signals and data collected by the multi-source sensing unit to the data processing and evaluation unit in real time. The data processing and evaluation unit internally constructs a refined digital twin model corresponding to the load-bearing components of the monitored building; the data processing and evaluation unit is used to receive the signals and data and perform the following operations: First, the micro-amplitude vibration signal is processed using a modal analysis algorithm to accurately identify the actual modal parameters of the stressed component in different time windows. The modal parameters include natural frequency, damping ratio, and mode shape. Next, using the identified actual modal parameters as the target, the material parameters and boundary conditions of the refined digital twin model are corrected so that the modal parameters of the corrected model match the measured values. Then, the dynamic strain and temperature and humidity data collected by the strain sensor and temperature and humidity sensor are used as load and environmental inputs and applied to the modified refined digital twin model. Through finite element calculation, the complete stress field distribution and deformation state inside the stressed component are reproduced in real time, and the safety residual factor of the component is calculated. The intelligent protection linkage unit is communicatively connected to the data processing and evaluation unit and includes multiple electromagnetic deformation control devices installed at key support nodes of the stressed component. When the safety residual coefficient of any key node calculated by the data processing and evaluation unit is lower than the preset graded early warning threshold, a corresponding graded control command is generated to drive the corresponding electromagnetic deformation control device to apply a reverse compensation force or provide additional damping to the stressed component, so as to actively regulate the stress and deformation state of the component.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the real-time monitoring system for the mechanical properties of building engineering based on intelligent construction as described in this invention, the sensor group in the multi-source sensing unit is encapsulated in an integrated, modular pre-embedded box, which is provided with shear connectors for engaging with concrete; the pre-embedded box is fixed to the internal steel reinforcement skeleton of the load-bearing component during the steel reinforcement binding stage by binding or bolting, so as to achieve equal strength coordinated deformation and integrated casting with the structure.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the real-time monitoring system for the mechanical properties of building engineering based on intelligent construction described in this invention, the bottom of the pre-embedded box is designed with a detachable positioning slot for positioning and accommodating fiber optic grating string strain sensors, so that after concrete pouring, it can match the multi-point serial monitoring requirements inside the monitored component to form a quasi-distributed internal strain sensing network.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the real-time monitoring system for the mechanical properties of building engineering based on intelligent construction as described in this invention, the data processing and evaluation unit, when executing the modal analysis algorithm, adopts a reference point-based covariance-driven random subspace identification method to automatically extract accurate modal parameters from the micro-amplitude vibration signal under environmental excitation, effectively filtering out interference from environmental noise such as construction machinery.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the real-time monitoring system for the mechanical performance of building engineering based on intelligent construction as described in this invention, the data processing and evaluation unit employs a sensitivity-based iterative optimization algorithm when correcting the refined digital twin model. The objective function is defined as minimizing the weighted residual between the measured natural frequency and the model's calculated frequency, expressed as:

[0012] in, The vector of model parameters to be corrected includes the material's elastic modulus and boundary constraint stiffness. and The first The measured natural frequencies and the calculated frequencies from the model are as follows: The first Measured mode shape vectors and model-calculated mode shape vectors and MAG is the weighting coefficient. For the first 1st modal confidence criterion value, and m are the frequency order and mode order involved in the correction, respectively.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the real-time monitoring system for the mechanical properties of building engineering based on intelligent construction as described in this invention, the electromagnetic deformation control device in the intelligent protection linkage unit includes a magnetorheological elastomer core and an electromagnetic coil surrounding it; by changing the magnitude of the current flowing into the electromagnetic coil, the stiffness and damping characteristics of the magnetorheological elastomer core can be continuously and reversibly adjusted, thereby realizing graded and recoverable main force control of the supported stress components.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the real-time monitoring system for the mechanical performance of building engineering based on intelligent construction as described in this invention, the hierarchical control instructions generated by the data processing and evaluation unit include: when the safety residual coefficient Satisfies 0.7 < When ≤1.0, issue a warning and increase the data collection frequency; when 0.4 < When the value is ≤0.7, the electromagnetic deformation control device is activated, entering a low-power dynamic damping adjustment mode; when... When the value is ≤0.4, the electromagnetic deformation control device outputs maximum power and enters the active reverse force compensation mode to prevent further displacement.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the real-time monitoring system for the mechanical properties of building engineering based on intelligent construction as described in this invention, the system further includes a visual early warning terminal connected to the data processing and evaluation unit. This terminal is used to display the dynamic changes of the internal stress field distribution, deformation trend, and safety margin coefficient on the BIM model of the monitored building's load-bearing components in real time using a three-dimensional cloud map, and to provide audible and visual alarms for behaviors exceeding thresholds.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for real-time monitoring of the mechanical properties of building engineering, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Synchronously and in real time collect micro-amplitude vibration signals, dynamic strain signals, and temperature and humidity data of the stress-bearing components of the monitored building through multi-source sensing units; Step 2: Process the micro-amplitude vibration signal using a modal analysis algorithm to identify the actual modal parameters of the stressed component; Step 3: Using the actual modal parameters as the target, correct the pre-constructed refined digital twin model; Step 4: Using the dynamic strain signal and temperature and humidity data as input, apply them to the modified digital twin model, and use finite element analysis to invert the stress field distribution and deformation state of the stressed component, and calculate the safety margin factor. Step 5: Based on the graded threshold of the safety residual coefficient, generate corresponding control commands to drive the electromagnetic deformation control device to apply reverse compensation force or additional damping to the stressed component.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention innovatively integrates microscopic vibration and strain sensing, macroscopic morphology and heavy load monitoring, and building information modeling by constructing an integrated closed-loop architecture of multi-source sensing, digital twin, and intelligent protection. Its core lies in utilizing a multi-functional sensor array deployed inside and on the surface of structural components to collect environmental and mechanical parameters in real time. This data is then used to drive an online inversion analysis of a digital twin based on a finite element model. This allows for the extraction of modal parameters from measured vibration signals, and the real-time calculation of the stiffness matrix, stress field, and safety margin, reflecting the true internal state of the structure. This achieves a leap from phenomenological perception to mechanistic understanding of the stress state of structural components, fundamentally different from existing technologies that rely solely on direct measurement or simple models to evaluate a single performance indicator.

[0018] 2. The data processing and evaluation unit of this invention integrates a mechanical inversion algorithm module, which uses operational modal analysis technology to extract accurate structural modes from micro-amplitude vibrations under environmental excitation, and uses this as a basis to correct the finite element model and reconstruct the internal force field. This method overcomes the bottleneck of traditional monitoring in which it is difficult to evaluate the global stress condition of complex components. Its computational efficiency and accuracy are far higher than the evaluation method that relies on preset models and limited test data, and it does not need to rely on specific pavement distress test data, making it more universal.

[0019] 3. This invention features an original design at the intelligent protection level. The system no longer generates simple warning signals, but rather generates graded and precise control commands based on the component safety residual coefficient obtained through inversion. These commands can drive electromagnetic deformation control devices set at key nodes of the component to actively apply reverse forces or dissipate vibration energy, thereby performing stiffness compensation and shape maintenance in the early stages of component damage. This achieves intelligent closed-loop control of perception, assessment, and intervention, which is completely different from the physical protection logic of existing technologies that only serve as passive buffers after collapse. This provides a brand-new active control method to ensure the safety of building structures. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring method of the real-time monitoring system for the mechanical properties of building engineering based on intelligent construction according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Example 1 This embodiment provides a real-time monitoring system for the mechanical performance of building engineering based on intelligent construction.

[0023] I. System Composition and Deployment The system in this embodiment includes: a multi-source sensing unit, a data transmission unit, a data processing and evaluation unit, an intelligent protection linkage unit, and a visual early warning terminal.

[0024] (1) Deployment of multi-source sensing units The multi-source sensing unit comprises 12 sensor groups arranged in a pre-defined spatial array. A main monitoring section is set at the support, 1 / 4 span, 1 / 2 span, and 3 / 4 span along the length of the transfer beam. Additional rows of sensor groups are added at 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 of the beam height, forming a three-dimensional spatial monitoring array. Each sensor group is integrated and encapsulated within a stainless steel embedded box, with several dovetail-shaped shear connectors welded to the outside of the box to ensure reliable engagement with the concrete.

[0025] Each embedded box contains a triaxial MEMS accelerometer (range ±2g, resolution 0.1mg), a vibrating wire strain sensor (range ±3000με, resolution 1με), and a digital temperature and humidity sensor (temperature range -40~125℃, accuracy ±0.2℃; humidity range 0~100%RH, accuracy ±2%RH).

[0026] During the rebar tying stage, the pre-embedded box is securely tied to the designed position of the rebar cage using positioning ear plates on both sides and stainless steel binding wire. The bottom of the pre-embedded box is equipped with a detachable positioning slot to accommodate a multi-point fiber Bragg grating strain sensor. This fiber Bragg grating string has five measuring points arranged along the beam length, with a spacing of 4m between each point, forming a quasi-distributed internal strain sensing network used to verify and supplement the measurement data from the vibrating wire strain sensor.

[0027] After the concrete is poured and cured for 28 days, each sensor group becomes integrated with the concrete, enabling it to deform in sync with the structure at the same strength.

[0028] (2) Data transmission unit Sensor signals from each embedded box are collected into a data acquisition box at the beam end via a four-core shielded cable using the RS-485 industrial bus protocol. The data acquisition box has a built-in edge computing gateway, which has local signal conditioning, A / D conversion, and data packaging functions. It transmits data in real time to the data processing and evaluation unit server located in the remote monitoring center via a 5G wireless communication module.

[0029] (3) Data processing and evaluation unit The data processing and evaluation unit is deployed on a cloud server, and its core is a pre-built, highly detailed digital twin model corresponding to the transfer beam. This model is constructed using ANSYS finite element software, meshed using Solid45 solid elements, and contains approximately 52,000 nodes and 38,000 elements. The initial parameters of the model are set based on the design drawings and material test reports: concrete elastic modulus Ec = 3.45 × 10⁻⁶. 4 MPa, Poisson's ratio ν=0.2, density ρ=2500kg / m³ 3 The prestressed steel strands are simulated using Link units based on their actual spatial location, and the initial tension is applied according to the construction records.

[0030] After receiving real-time data, the data processing and evaluation unit performs the following operations: Step 1: Run modal analysis to extract actual modal parameters.

[0031] The micro-amplitude vibration signals collected by each accelerometer are processed using a reference-point covariance-driven random subspace identification method. Specifically, a triaxial accelerometer at the mid-span is selected as the reference point, and the cross-covariance matrix of all measurement points is constructed. Through singular value decomposition and cluster analysis, the first six modal parameters of the structure are automatically separated and extracted from the micro-amplitude vibrations under environmental excitation (typically with peak acceleration less than 0.01g).

[0032] After three days of continuous operation, the system identified the following stable modal parameters for the first three orders of the transfer beam: First order vertical bending natural frequency. (exp) = 12.36 Hz, damping ratio =1.82%; Second-order vertical bending natural frequency (exp) = 38.71 Hz, damping ratio =1.35%; Third-order torsional coupling natural frequency (exp) = 65.42 Hz, damping ratio =2.08%.

[0033] Step 2: Model correction based on modal parameters.

[0034] Using the identified actual modal parameters as targets, the material elastic modulus and boundary constraint stiffness of the digital twin model are corrected. The correction algorithm employs a sensitivity-based iterative optimization method, with the objective function as follows:

[0035] In this embodiment, the parameter vector to be corrected = ,in The comprehensive elastic modulus of concrete, These represent the vertical and horizontal constraint stiffnesses at the two end supports, respectively, with frequency weighting coefficients taken as... =0.5、 =0.3、 =0.2, mode weighting coefficient is taken as = =1.0, frequency order n=3, mode order m=3.

[0036] The optimization employs the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for iterative solution. The model computation frequencies in the initial iteration steps are as follows: =13.01Hz, =40.54Hz, =67.89Hz. After 5 iterations, the objective function... ( The value was reduced from the initial 0.032 to 0.0031, and convergence met the preset tolerance of 0.005. The corrected parameters are: =3.18×10 4 MPa (approximately 7.8% lower than the design value), and the vertical restraint stiffness of each support is approximately 1.2 × 10 MPa. 8 ~1.8×10 8 The N / m range. The calculated frequency of the corrected model is in significantly better agreement with the measured values, and the MAC values ​​for the first three orders are all greater than 0.92, meeting the engineering accuracy requirements.

[0037] Step 3: Load application and stress field inversion.

[0038] Dynamic strain data collected by various strain sensors, combined with temperature and humidity field data, are applied to the corrected digital twin model in a time series. The complete stress field distribution inside the component is then inverted through finite element static solution.

[0039] In this embodiment, under a full live load condition during operation, the maximum tensile stress inversion value at the bottom of the mid-span of the transfer beam is 2.86 MPa, and the safety residual factor Sr for this section is calculated to be 0.52.

[0040] (4) Intelligent protection linkage unit The intelligent protection linkage unit includes four sets of electromagnetic deformation control devices, installed at the supports at both ends of the transfer beam and at the 1 / 4 span position near the supports. Each device contains a magnetorheological elastomer core (composed of a silicone rubber matrix and 30% carbonyl iron powder by mass) and a DC electromagnetic coil (800 turns, rated current 5A) surrounding it. By changing the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil (continuously adjustable from 0 to 5A), its elastic modulus can be continuously varied within the range of 5 to 80 MPa, thereby achieving active adjustment of the stiffness and damping characteristics of the support points.

[0041] The hierarchical control logic is executed based on the three-level threshold of claim 7: When 0.7 < When the value is ≤1.0, the system considers the component to be in a safe state and only issues a "Level 1 Attention" prompt through the visual early warning terminal, increasing the data acquisition frequency from 10Hz to 50Hz to strengthen monitoring.

[0042] When 0.4 < When the value is ≤0.7 (e.g., Sr=0.52 in the previous example), the system automatically activates the electromagnetic deformation control device, applies a preset current of 1.5A, and puts it into a low-power dynamic damping adjustment mode, providing an additional equivalent damping ratio of about 15% to dissipate potentially increased vibration energy and slow down damage accumulation.

[0043] when When the displacement is ≤0.4, the system determines that the component is in a dangerous state. The electromagnetic deformation control device outputs maximum power (introduces 5A current) and enters the active reverse force compensation mode. It applies a reverse support force in a preset direction to the component to suppress further displacement. At the same time, it issues a "level three alarm" through the visual terminal to notify personnel to intervene.

[0044] (5) Visualized early warning terminal The visual early warning terminal is a 65-inch LED video wall display screen installed in the monitoring center. It maintains real-time data synchronization with the backend server via the WebSocket protocol, displaying the internal stress field distribution, modal parameter variation trend curves, deformation trend, and safety margin in real-time on the BIM model of the transfer beam using a 3D cloud map format. The dynamic changes. When any monitoring section's When the value is below 0.7, the screen border flashes yellow as a "Level 2 warning"; when When the value is below 0.4, a "level three alarm" will be issued by flashing red light and a buzzer.

[0045] II. System Workflow The complete workflow of the system in this embodiment is as follows: Step 1: Twelve sensor groups synchronously and in real time collect the micro-amplitude vibration signals, dynamic strain signals, and temperature and humidity data of the conversion beam, and upload them to the cloud via the 5G network through the edge computing gateway.

[0046] Step 2: The cloud server uses the random subspace identification method to process the vibration signal and identify the actual modal parameters (natural frequency, mode shape, damping ratio) of the conversion beam at the current time.

[0047] Step 3: Using the measured modal parameters as the objective, minimize the weighted residual objective function. ( (Including frequency and MAC value terms), iteratively correct the elastic modulus and boundary constraint stiffness of the digital twin model to obtain a benchmark model that reflects the true state of the structure.

[0048] Step 4: Apply dynamic strain and temperature / humidity data as load inputs to the modified model, and use finite element analysis to invert the internal stress field and deformation state of the structure, and calculate the safety residual factor Sr for each section.

[0049] Step 5: According to The corresponding control commands are generated based on the grading threshold. When When the value is ≤0.7, the electromagnetic deformation control device is activated to apply damping adjustment or active force compensation in stages; at the same time, the evaluation results are pushed to the visualization terminal for display in real time.

[0050] III. Verification of Technical Effects The monitoring results of the system in this embodiment on the transfer beam are compared with the periodic measurement results of an external professional testing agency using the traditional multi-point displacement gauge + surface strain gauge method during the same period. The comparison is shown in the table below:

[0051] The results show that the system of the present invention can not only achieve all-weather, real-time, non-destructive monitoring and accurate evaluation of the mechanical properties of building load-bearing components, but also proactively intervene to implement intelligent protection when the safety reserve of components decreases, significantly improving the safety management and control capabilities of the structure throughout its entire life cycle.

[0052] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring system for mechanical performance of construction engineering based on smart construction, characterized in that, include: The multi-source sensing unit includes multiple sensor groups arranged in a preset spatial array inside and / or on the surface of the stress-bearing components of the monitored building; each sensor group includes a triaxial accelerometer, a strain sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, for synchronously and in real time acquiring the micro-amplitude vibration signal, dynamic strain signal and temperature and humidity data of the stress-bearing components under environmental excitation. The data transmission unit is used to aggregate and transmit various signals and data collected by the multi-source sensing unit to the data processing and evaluation unit in real time. The data processing and evaluation unit internally constructs a refined digital twin model corresponding to the load-bearing components of the monitored building; the data processing and evaluation unit is used to receive the signals and data and perform the following operations: First, the micro-amplitude vibration signal is processed using a modal analysis algorithm to accurately identify the actual modal parameters of the stressed component in different time windows. The modal parameters include natural frequency, damping ratio, and mode shape. Next, using the identified actual modal parameters as the target, the material parameters and boundary conditions of the refined digital twin model are corrected so that the modal parameters of the corrected model match the measured values. Then, the dynamic strain and temperature and humidity data collected by the strain sensor and temperature and humidity sensor are used as load and environmental inputs and applied to the modified refined digital twin model. Through finite element calculation, the complete stress field distribution and deformation state inside the stressed component are reproduced in real time, and the safety residual factor of the component is calculated. The intelligent protection linkage unit is communicatively connected to the data processing and evaluation unit and includes multiple electromagnetic deformation control devices installed at key support nodes of the stressed component. When the safety residual coefficient of any key node calculated by the data processing and evaluation unit is lower than the preset graded early warning threshold, a corresponding graded control command is generated to drive the corresponding electromagnetic deformation control device to apply a reverse compensation force or provide additional damping to the stressed component, so as to actively regulate the stress and deformation state of the component. 2.The real-time monitoring system for mechanical performance of building engineering based on smart construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor group in the multi-source sensing unit is encapsulated in an integrated, modular embedded box. The embedded box is equipped with shear connectors for engaging with concrete. The embedded box is fixed to the internal steel reinforcement skeleton of the load-bearing component during the steel reinforcement binding stage by binding or bolting, so as to achieve equal strength coordinated deformation and integrated casting with the structure. 3.The real-time monitoring system for mechanical performance of building engineering based on smart construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the pre-embedded box is designed with a detachable positioning slot for positioning and accommodating fiber optic strain gauge sensors, so that after the concrete is poured, it can match the multi-point serial monitoring requirements inside the monitored component to form a quasi-distributed internal strain sensing network.

4. The real-time monitoring system for the mechanical properties of building engineering based on intelligent construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the data processing and evaluation unit executes the modal analysis algorithm, it adopts a reference point-based covariance-driven random subspace identification method to automatically extract accurate modal parameters from the micro-amplitude vibration signal under environmental excitation, effectively filtering out interference from environmental noise such as construction machinery. 5.The real-time monitoring system for mechanical performance of construction engineering based on smart construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: When revising the refined digital twin model, the data processing and evaluation unit employs a sensitivity-based iterative optimization algorithm. The objective function is defined as minimizing the weighted residual between the measured natural frequency and the model's calculated frequency, expressed as: in, The vector of model parameters to be corrected includes the material's elastic modulus and boundary constraint stiffness. and The first The measured natural frequencies and the calculated frequencies from the model are as follows: The first Measured mode shape vectors and model-calculated mode shape vectors and MAG is the weighting coefficient. For the first 1st modal confidence criterion value, and m are the frequency order and mode order involved in the correction, respectively.

6. The real-time monitoring system for the mechanical properties of building engineering based on intelligent construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic deformation control device in the intelligent protection linkage unit contains a magnetorheological elastomer core and an electromagnetic coil surrounding it. By changing the magnitude of the current flowing into the electromagnetic coil, the stiffness and damping characteristics of the magnetorheological elastomer core can be continuously and reversibly adjusted, thereby realizing graded and recoverable main force control of the supported stress components. 7.The real-time monitoring system for mechanical performance of construction engineering based on smart construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hierarchical control instructions generated by the data processing and evaluation unit include: when the safety residual coefficient Satisfies 0.7 < When ≤1.0, issue a warning and increase the data collection frequency; when 0.4 < When the value is ≤0.7, the electromagnetic deformation control device is activated, entering a low-power dynamic damping adjustment mode; when... When the value is ≤0.4, the electromagnetic deformation control device outputs maximum power and enters the active reverse force compensation mode to prevent further displacement. 8.The real-time monitoring system for mechanical performance of construction engineering based on smart construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a visual early warning terminal, which is connected to the data processing and evaluation unit. It is used to display the stress field distribution, deformation trend and dynamic changes of the safety margin of the monitored building's load-bearing components in real time on the BIM model in the form of a three-dimensional cloud map, and to provide audible and visual alarms for behaviors that exceed the threshold.

9. A method for real-time monitoring of mechanical properties of construction engineering, characterized in that, This method, when used in the system described in any one of claims 1-8, includes the following steps: Step 1: Synchronously and in real time collect micro-amplitude vibration signals, dynamic strain signals, and temperature and humidity data of the stress-bearing components of the monitored building through multi-source sensing units; Step 2: Process the micro-amplitude vibration signal using a modal analysis algorithm to identify the actual modal parameters of the stressed component; Step 3: Using the actual modal parameters as the target, correct the pre-constructed refined digital twin model; Step 4: Using the dynamic strain signal and temperature and humidity data as input, apply them to the modified digital twin model, and use finite element analysis to invert the stress field distribution and deformation state of the stressed component, and calculate the safety margin factor. Step 5: Based on the graded threshold of the safety residual coefficient, generate corresponding control commands to drive the electromagnetic deformation control device to apply reverse compensation force or additional damping to the stressed component.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it can realize all the algorithm logic and control instruction generation processes of steps two to five in the method of claim 9.

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