Multiple lightning strike testing apparatus and method

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a multiple lightning stroke test device and method, wherein the device comprises an intelligent lightning current generation module, a multi-environment coupling simulation module, a universal test sample loading module, a full-dimensional parameter monitoring module, an active safety protection module and an intelligent evaluation module. The intelligent lightning current generation module meets the simulation requirements of different lightning stroke scenarios. The multi-environment coupling simulation module reproduces complex outdoor working conditions. The universal test sample loading module is designed to adapt to test samples of various sizes. The full-dimensional parameter monitoring module synchronously collects electrical, temperature and insulation state data. The intelligent evaluation module realizes accurate performance evaluation based on multi-dimensional monitoring data. The actual operating state of lightning insulation under multiple lightning strokes can be more realistically simulated, the test accuracy and comprehensiveness are improved, and more reliable data support is provided for the optimized design of lightning insulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of lightning protection technology, and in particular to a multiple lightning strike testing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of lightning protection insulators, zinc oxide resistance elements directly affect the safe and stable operation of power systems under multiple lightning strikes with long duration and high cumulative energy. Multiple lightning strikes can easily lead to performance degradation or even failure of the resistance elements.

[0003] Some of the related technologies for testing multiple lightning strikes can generate multiple lightning currents and measure electrical parameters, while others have added functions for simulating single environmental factors or monitoring temperature. However, they still suffer from the problem of limited environmental simulation, failing to reproduce complex outdoor conditions. Furthermore, the test scenarios differ significantly from the actual operating environment, making it impossible to accurately simulate scenarios with multiple lightning strikes occurring simultaneously. Other issues include poor compatibility of test samples, the need to replace special fixtures with different sized resistors leading to cumbersome disassembly and assembly, low testing efficiency, incomplete parameter monitoring (focusing only on electrical parameters and overall temperature is insufficient to fully reflect the performance degradation process), inadequate safety protection measures, and insufficient accuracy due to the single dimension of performance evaluation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a multiple lightning strike testing device and method to solve the technical problems in related technologies, such as single environmental simulation, incomplete parameter monitoring, poor test sample adaptability, passive safety protection, and insufficient evaluation dimensions.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a multiple lightning strike testing device, comprising: The intelligent lightning current generating module is configured to generate multiple lightning currents; wherein the multiple lightning currents include 8 / 20μs, 4 / 10μs and 1.2 / 50μs waveforms, and the intelligent lightning current generating module supports independent energy regulation of a single branch and synchronous discharge control of multiple branches; The multi-environment coupling simulation module is configured to simulate complex environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, air pressure, pollution level, and rain. A universal test sample loading module is configured to adapt to zinc oxide resistance sheets for lightning protection insulators with preset diameters and heights; wherein the diameter range is [30mm, 100mm], and the height range is [10mm, 50mm]. The all-dimensional parameter monitoring module is configured to simultaneously collect electrical parameters, micro-area temperature data, and insulation status data during multiple lightning strikes. The active safety protection module is configured to monitor the equipment's operating status in real time and perform arc isolation, energy release, and fire extinguishing operations in the event of a sudden failure. The intelligent evaluation module is configured to receive multi-dimensional monitoring data and output performance status evaluation results and optimization suggestions based on the evaluation model. The multi-environment coupling simulation module is connected to the general sample loading module, the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module communicates with the general sample loading module, the active safety protection module communicates with the intelligent lightning current generation module and the general sample loading module respectively, and the intelligent evaluation module communicates with the intelligent lightning current generation module and the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module respectively.

[0006] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a method for testing multiple lightning strikes, including: The environmental parameters are set through a multi-environment coupling simulation module, and the set state is maintained after the environmental parameters stabilize; wherein, the environmental parameters include temperature, humidity, air pressure, pollution level and rain status; Lightning protection insulators are loaded using a universal sample loading module. The electrode spacing and clamps are adjusted according to the sample size to ensure coaxiality of the clamping. The intelligent lightning current generation module sets the lightning current waveform, amplitude, number of discharges and discharge interval, and controls the charging module to charge the independent energy storage capacitor bank to the target voltage. The intelligent lightning current generating module generates multiple lightning currents according to set parameters to subject the test sample to lightning strikes. During a lightning strike, electrical parameters, micro-area temperature data, and insulation status data are simultaneously collected by the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module and sent to the intelligent evaluation module. If the active safety protection module detects a fault signal, it will initiate arc isolation, discharge, and fire extinguishing operations, stop the test, and record the fault information. The intelligent evaluation module calculates the performance status evaluation coefficient based on multi-dimensional monitoring data and evaluation model, and determines the performance stability in combination with the appearance status of the test sample. Generate a test report; the test report includes environmental parameters, test parameters, multi-dimensional monitoring data, performance status evaluation results, and optimization suggestions.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device, including: a processor; a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; the processor being configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the multiple lightning strike testing method described in the first aspect above.

[0008] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the multiple lightning strike testing method described in the first aspect.

[0009] The technical solution provided in this disclosure includes a multi-lightning strike testing device comprising an intelligent lightning current generation module, a multi-environment coupling simulation module, a universal sample loading module, a multi-dimensional parameter monitoring module, an active safety protection module, and an intelligent evaluation module. It can achieve multi-environment coupling simulation, realistically reproducing complex outdoor working conditions and significantly improving test realism. The lightning current waveform coverage is comprehensive, and the multi-branch synchronization accuracy is high, meeting the simulation needs of different lightning strike scenarios. The universal sample loading design allows for adaptation to various sample sizes and enables rapid assembly and disassembly, effectively improving testing efficiency. It possesses multi-dimensional parameter monitoring capabilities, simultaneously collecting electrical, temperature, and insulation status data to fully reflect the performance degradation process of the resistor element. Equipped with an active safety protection mechanism, it can quickly respond to sudden faults, fully ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel. Through multi-dimensional intelligent evaluation, it integrates multiple parameter outputs evaluation results and optimization suggestions, significantly improving the accuracy and practicality of the evaluation. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multiple lightning strike testing device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a smart lightning current generating module circuit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-environment coupling simulation module structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a general sample loading module structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 This is a data flow diagram of a full-dimensional parameter monitoring module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a multiple lightning strike testing method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure, the solutions disclosed herein will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0014] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this disclosure, but this disclosure may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some, and not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multiple lightning strike testing device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the multiple lightning strike testing device includes: an intelligent lightning current generation module, a multi-environment coupling simulation module, a universal sample loading module, a multi-dimensional parameter monitoring module, an active safety protection module, and an intelligent evaluation module. The multi-environment coupling simulation module is connected to the universal sample loading module; the multi-dimensional parameter monitoring module communicates with the universal sample loading module; the active safety protection module communicates with both the intelligent lightning current generation module and the universal sample loading module; and the intelligent evaluation module communicates with both the intelligent lightning current generation module and the multi-dimensional parameter monitoring module.

[0016] In this embodiment, the intelligent lightning current generating module is configured to generate multiple lightning currents. These multiple lightning currents include 8 / 20μs, 4 / 10μs, and 1.2 / 50μs waveforms. The intelligent lightning current generating module supports independent energy regulation for a single branch and synchronous discharge control for multiple branches.

[0017] The multi-environment coupling simulation module is configured to simulate complex environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, air pressure, pollution level, and rain.

[0018] The universal test sample loading module is configured to adapt to zinc oxide resistance sheets for lightning protection insulators with preset diameters and heights. The diameter range is [30mm, 100mm], and the height range is [10mm, 50mm].

[0019] The all-dimensional parameter monitoring module is configured to simultaneously collect electrical parameters, micro-area temperature data, and insulation status data during multiple lightning strikes.

[0020] The active safety protection module is configured to monitor the equipment's operating status in real time and perform arc isolation, energy release, and fire extinguishing operations in the event of a sudden failure.

[0021] The intelligent assessment module is configured to receive multi-dimensional monitoring data and output performance status assessment results and optimization suggestions based on the assessment model. Multi-dimensional monitoring data includes, for example, electrical parameters, micro-area temperature data, and insulation status data.

[0022] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the intelligent lightning current generating module includes multiple independent lightning current loops, each lightning current loop including: an adjustable waveform modulation component, an independent energy storage capacitor bank, a high-precision discharge switch, and a branch energy monitoring unit, such as... Figure 2 As shown. The independent energy storage capacitor bank communicates with the adjustable waveform modulation component, and the high-precision discharge switch is electrically connected to the independent energy storage capacitor bank. Furthermore, the high-precision discharge switch incorporates a plasma ejector and a synchronous triggering unit.

[0023] Among them, the adjustable waveform modulation component is configured to achieve switching and calibration of 8 / 20μs, 4 / 10μs and 1.2 / 50μs waveforms through a combination of precision inductors and resistors.

[0024] An independent energy storage capacitor bank is configured to receive energy from the charging module and store it independently.

[0025] The high-precision discharge switch is configured to achieve synchronous or sequential discharge with an accuracy of ±0.1ms across multiple branches.

[0026] The branch energy monitoring unit is configured to monitor the energy storage voltage and discharge energy of the lightning current loop in real time.

[0027] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the multi-environment coupling simulation module includes: a temperature and humidity control unit, an air pressure control unit, a pollution level simulation unit, and a rain simulation unit, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0028] The temperature and humidity control unit is configured to control the temperature range of [-40℃, 85℃] and the relative humidity range of [10%, 95%].

[0029] The air pressure regulating unit is configured to simulate an air pressure environment in the range of [0.8 atm, 1.2 atm].

[0030] The foulness simulation unit is configured to apply foul liquids with different conductivity via spraying to achieve foulness adjustment of equivalent salt density [0.03 mg / cm², 0.2 mg / cm²].

[0031] The rain simulation unit is configured to adjust the rain intensity and angle to simulate different rainfall conditions.

[0032] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the universal sample loading module includes: an adjustable electrode assembly, a diameter adapter clamp, a conductive connection assembly, and a sample positioning reference, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0033] The adjustable electrode assembly includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode, and an elastic clamping mechanism. The adjustable electrode assembly is configured to be adapted to zinc oxide resistive sheets for lightning protection insulators of different heights by adjusting the electrode spacing.

[0034] A diameter-adaptive clamp is configured to adapt to specimens with a diameter range via a retractable jaw structure. The diameter range is [30mm, 100mm].

[0035] The conductive connection component is configured to reduce the impact of contact resistance on test accuracy; the conductive connection component adopts a low inductance design.

[0036] The sample positioning datum is configured to ensure that the coaxiality error of each clamping is ≤0.2mm.

[0037] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module includes: an electrical parameter acquisition unit, a micro-area temperature acquisition unit, an insulation status monitoring unit, and a data synchronization unit.

[0038] The electrical parameter acquisition unit includes a Rogowski current coil and a pulse voltage divider. The electrical parameter acquisition unit is configured to measure peak current, peak voltage, pulse power, and charge.

[0039] The micro-area temperature acquisition unit includes an infrared thermal imager and a distributed fiber optic sensor. The unit is configured to simultaneously acquire the surface temperature distribution and internal micro-area temperature of the sample. The temperature measurement accuracy is ±0.5℃.

[0040] The insulation condition monitoring unit includes an ultraviolet imager and a partial discharge sensor. The insulation condition monitoring unit is configured to monitor insulation failure signals on the surface of the test specimen.

[0041] The data synchronization unit is configured to synchronize timestamps from multiple sensor types. The synchronization accuracy is ≤0.5ms. The data flow of the full-dimensional parameter monitoring module is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0042] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the active safety protection module includes: a fault monitoring unit, a rapid arc-blocking unit, a safety discharge unit, and a fire extinguishing protection unit.

[0043] The fault monitoring unit is configured to monitor discharge voltage, current, sample status, and environmental parameters in real time, and to identify faults. Faults include overvoltage, overcurrent, sample rupture, and arc leakage.

[0044] The rapid arc isolation unit includes a pneumatic arc isolation plate and an inert gas injection assembly. The rapid arc isolation unit is configured to isolate the electric arc within 0.3 seconds when a fault occurs.

[0045] The safety discharge unit is configured to quickly close the discharge circuit and release the remaining energy of the energy storage module.

[0046] The fire suppression protection unit is configured to activate inert gas fire suppression in response to the risk of combustion of the test sample.

[0047] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the intelligent evaluation module includes: a data storage unit, an evaluation model, an optimization suggestion unit, and a remote interaction unit.

[0048] The data storage unit is configured to store multi-dimensional monitoring data during the testing process.

[0049] The evaluation model is configured to integrate electrical parameter change rate, temperature change characteristics, and insulation status parameters, and output performance status evaluation coefficients to determine the performance status evaluation results.

[0050] The optimization suggestion unit is configured to generate optimization directions for the sample structure or material ratio based on the performance status evaluation results.

[0051] The remote interaction unit is configured to support remote test control, data viewing, and report generation.

[0052] The intelligent multi-element lightning strike testing device for lightning protection insulators according to embodiments of this disclosure can realize multi-environment coupling simulation, realistically reproduce complex outdoor working conditions, and significantly improve the realism of the test; it has comprehensive lightning current waveform coverage and high multi-branch synchronization accuracy, which can meet the simulation needs of different lightning strike scenarios; it adopts a universal test sample loading design, which can be adapted to test samples of various sizes and achieve rapid assembly and disassembly, effectively improving the testing efficiency; it has the ability to monitor parameters in all dimensions, simultaneously collect electrical, temperature and insulation status data, and fully reflect the performance degradation process of the resistor element; it is equipped with an active safety protection mechanism, which can quickly respond to sudden faults and fully protect the safety of equipment and personnel; through multi-dimensional intelligent evaluation, it integrates multiple types of parameters to output evaluation results and optimization suggestions, significantly improving the accuracy and practicality of the evaluation.

[0053] The structure of the multiple lightning strike test device is explained below with specific examples.

[0054] In each independent lightning current loop of the intelligent lightning current generation module, the adjustable waveform modulation component uses precision wound inductors and non-inductive resistors to achieve precise switching of 8 / 20μs, 4 / 10μs, and 1.2 / 50μs waveforms through different combinations, with waveform parameter errors ≤±5%. The independent energy storage capacitor bank uses multiple 10μF / 100kV capacitors connected in parallel, supporting energy regulation from 1kJ to 100kJ. The plasma ejector response time of the high-precision discharge switch is ≤1μs, and the synchronization triggering unit achieves a synchronization accuracy of ±0.1ms for multiple branches through fiber optic synchronization signals. The branch energy monitoring unit uses a high-voltage divider and a current sensor to monitor the energy storage voltage (accuracy ±0.5%) and discharge energy (accuracy ±1%) in real time.

[0055] The temperature and humidity control unit of the multi-environment coupling simulation module adopts high-precision PID control, with a temperature control accuracy of ±0.5℃ and a humidity control accuracy of ±3%. The air pressure control unit achieves air pressure regulation through a vacuum pump and an air compressor, with a control accuracy of ±0.01atm. The conductivity of the sewage liquid in the dirt simulation unit can be adjusted within the range of 100μS / cm to 1000μS / cm, and the spray uniformity is ≤±10%. The rain simulation unit can adjust the rain intensity within the range of 1mm / min to 10mm / min, and the rain angle can be adjusted within the range of 0° to 90°.

[0056] The adjustable electrode assembly of the universal sample loading module is made of copper-tungsten alloy, with an electrode spacing adjustment range of 10mm~50mm and an adjustment accuracy of ±0.1mm; the retractable jaws of the diameter-adaptive clamp are made of insulating and high-temperature resistant material, and the clamping force can be adjusted within the range of 5N~50N; the contact resistance of the conductive connection assembly is ≤5mΩ, and the circuit inductance is ≤1μH; the sample positioning reference adopts optical positioning to ensure that the coaxiality error is ≤0.2mm.

[0057] The Rogowski current coil of the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module has a measurement range of 1kA~200kA and an accuracy of ±1%; the pulse voltage divider has a measurement range of 1kV~500kV and an accuracy of ±1%; the infrared thermal imager has a temperature measurement range of -20℃~1500℃ and a spatial resolution of 0.5mrad; the distributed fiber optic sensor has a temperature measurement point spacing of ≤5mm and an accuracy of ±0.5℃; the ultraviolet imager has a minimum detectable ultraviolet photon count of ≤1000ph / cm² / s; and the partial discharge sensor has a measurement frequency range of 30MHz~1GHz and a sensitivity of ≤1pC.

[0058] The active safety protection module's fault monitoring unit has a sampling frequency ≥1MHz, enabling rapid identification of fault signals; the rapid arc isolation unit's pneumatic arc isolation plate has a response time ≤0.3s, and the inert gas injection assembly has an injection pressure ≥0.5MPa; the safety relief unit's relief resistor uses a high-power non-inductive resistor, with a relief time ≤1s; the fire extinguishing protection unit uses nitrogen fire extinguishing, with a spray time ≥5s, covering the test sample area.

[0059] The data storage unit of the intelligent evaluation module supports local storage and cloud storage, with a storage capacity of ≥1TB; the weight coefficients ω1, ω2, and ω3 of the multi-dimensional evaluation model can be dynamically adjusted according to the application scenario of the test sample; the remote interaction unit supports access from the web and mobile terminals, and the test report can be exported in multiple formats such as PDF and Excel.

[0060] Based on the above embodiments, this disclosure also proposes a method for testing multiple lightning strikes, applied to the multiple lightning strike testing device described in the foregoing embodiments. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Set the environmental parameters using the multi-environment coupling simulation module and wait for the parameters to stabilize before maintaining the set values. These environmental parameters include temperature, humidity, air pressure, pollution level, and rainfall status.

[0061] Step 2: Load the lightning protection insulators using the universal test sample loading module. Adjust the electrode spacing and clamps according to the test sample size to ensure coaxiality of the clamping.

[0062] Step 3: Set the lightning current waveform, amplitude, number of discharges and discharge interval through the intelligent lightning current generation module, and control the charging module to charge the independent energy storage capacitor bank to the target voltage.

[0063] Step 4: Control the intelligent lightning current generation module to generate multiple lightning currents according to the set parameters, and subject the test sample to lightning strikes.

[0064] Step 5: During the lightning strike, electrical parameters, micro-area temperature data, and insulation status data are collected synchronously through the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module and sent to the intelligent evaluation module.

[0065] Step 6: If the active safety protection module detects a fault signal, it will initiate arc isolation, venting, and fire extinguishing operations, stop the test, and record the fault information.

[0066] Step 7: Calculate the performance status evaluation coefficient based on multi-dimensional monitoring data and evaluation model using the intelligent evaluation module, and determine the performance stability in combination with the appearance status of the test sample.

[0067] Step 8: Generate a test report. The test report includes environmental parameters, test parameters, multi-dimensional monitoring data, performance status assessment results, and optimization suggestions.

[0068] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the performance status evaluation coefficient is calculated through the following steps: calculating the voltage change rate ΔU and the residual voltage change rate ΔUres based on electrical parameters; calculating the maximum temperature rise ΔTmax and the temperature rise rate vT based on micro-area temperature data; and extracting the insulation failure characteristic parameter S based on insulation status data.

[0069] The performance status evaluation coefficient is calculated using the evaluation model G=ω1×(ΔU+ΔUres)+ω2×(ΔTmax+vT)+ω3×S, where ω1, ω2, and ω3 are weighting coefficients, and ω1+ω2+ω3=1. When G<1 and the sample is undamaged or has no flashover, the performance is considered stable; when G≥1 or the sample is damaged or has flashover, the performance is considered unstable.

[0070] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes: conducting comparative tests on the same sample under different environmental combinations and recording the influence of environmental factors on performance; conducting batch tests on multiple batches of samples to statistically analyze the batch pass rate and performance distribution characteristics; and performing correlation analysis on the test data and product design parameters.

[0071] The intelligent multiple lightning strike test method for lightning protection insulators with multi-environment coupling according to the embodiments of this disclosure completes the test in eight steps: environmental parameter setting, sample loading, lightning strike parameter setting, lightning strike impact, parameter acquisition, safety protection, performance evaluation, and report generation. This method supports comparative testing of the same sample under different environmental combinations and batch testing of multiple batches, realizing a closed loop of design-testing-optimization.

[0072] The following section uses specific examples to illustrate the procedure for testing multiple lightning strikes.

[0073] Taking a zinc oxide resistor with a diameter of 42mm and a height of 20mm as an example, the test procedure is explained in detail: 1. Environmental parameter settings: Set the temperature to 25℃, relative humidity to 43%, air pressure to 1 atm, equivalent salinity to 0.05 mg / cm², and rain intensity to 3 mm / min through the multi-environment coupling simulation module. Start the environmental adjustment and maintain the set state after the parameters stabilize for 30 minutes.

[0074] 2. Sample loading: Place the resistor sheet into the universal sample loading module, adjust the electrode spacing to 20mm, and the diameter-adaptive clamp will automatically clamp the sample. Confirm that the coaxiality meets the requirements by using the positioning reference.

[0075] 3. Lightning strike parameter setting: The intelligent evaluation module sets the lightning current waveform to 8 / 20μs, amplitude to 10kA, discharge times to 5, and discharge interval to 5ms, and controls the charging module to charge the independent energy storage capacitor bank of the intelligent lightning current generation module to the target voltage.

[0076] 4. Lightning strike impact: The intelligent lightning current generation module generates multiple lightning currents according to the set parameters to subject the test sample to lightning strike impact.

[0077] 5. Parameter Acquisition: During the impact process, the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module synchronously acquires data on peak current, peak voltage, surface temperature distribution of the test specimen, internal micro-area temperature, and insulation status. The data is transmitted to the intelligent evaluation module via optical fiber, with a timestamp synchronization accuracy of ≤0.5ms.

[0078] 6. Safety Protection: The active safety protection module monitored the test in real time and no fault signals were detected, so the test proceeded normally.

[0079] 7. Performance Evaluation: The intelligent evaluation module calculates the voltage change rate ΔU=3%, the residual voltage change rate ΔUres=2%, the maximum temperature rise ΔTmax=45℃, the temperature rise rate vT=9℃ / ms, the insulation failure characteristic parameter S=0, and the weighting coefficients are 0.4, 0.3, and 0.3 respectively. Substituting these values ​​into the evaluation model G=16.2, and considering the undamaged and flashover appearance of the test sample, the performance is determined to be stable.

[0080] 8. Report Generation: Generates a test report containing environmental parameters, test parameters, multi-dimensional monitoring data, and evaluation results, providing suggestions for optimizing sample performance. The test methodology workflow is as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0081] If a flashover occurs in the test sample during the test, the fault monitoring unit of the active safety protection module will immediately identify it, the arc isolation unit will eject the arc isolation plate within 0.3 seconds, the safety relief unit will close the relief circuit to release the remaining energy, the fire extinguishing protection unit will activate nitrogen fire extinguishing, the test will be stopped and all parameters at the time of the fault will be recorded to provide data support for fault analysis.

[0082] Operational precautions include: Before testing, check the connection status of each module to ensure reliable electrical connections and good environmental sealing; when clamping the sample, ensure good contact between the electrodes and the sample to avoid excessive contact resistance affecting the test results; after adjusting the environmental parameters, allow sufficient time for stabilization to ensure the sample fully adapts to the environmental conditions; during the test, the operator must stay away from the test area and operate through the remote interaction unit; after the test, wait until the energy storage module has completely discharged its energy before disassembling the sample and performing equipment maintenance.

[0083] This disclosure also provides an electronic device including one or more processors and a memory. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other processing unit with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. The memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. Non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor may execute the program instructions to implement the methods of the embodiments of this disclosure above and / or other desired functions. Various contents such as input signals, signal components, and noise components may also be stored in the computer-readable storage medium.

[0084] In one example, the electronic device may also include input and output devices, which are interconnected via a bus system and / or other forms of connection. Furthermore, the input device may include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, etc. The output device can output various information to the outside, including determined distance information, direction information, etc. The output device may include, for example, a display, a speaker, a printer, and a communication network and its connected remote output devices, etc. In addition, depending on the specific application, the electronic device may include any other suitable components such as a bus, input / output interfaces, etc.

[0085] In addition to the methods and apparatus described above, embodiments of this disclosure may also be computer program products, which include computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0086] Computer program products can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​to perform the operations of embodiments of this disclosure. The programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on a user's computing device, partially on a user's computing device, as a standalone software package, partially on a user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server.

[0087] Furthermore, embodiments of this disclosure may also be computer-readable storage media storing computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0088] Computer-readable storage media may take the form of any combination of one or more readable media. A readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may, for example, include, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, or devices, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0089] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0090] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement it. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multiple lightning strike testing apparatus, characterized by, include: The intelligent lightning current generating module is configured to generate multiple lightning currents; wherein the multiple lightning currents include 8 / 20μs, 4 / 10μs and 1.2 / 50μs waveforms, and the intelligent lightning current generating module supports independent energy regulation of a single branch and synchronous discharge control of multiple branches; The multi-environment coupling simulation module is configured to simulate complex environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, air pressure, pollution level, and rain. A universal test sample loading module is configured to adapt to zinc oxide resistance sheets for lightning protection insulators with preset diameters and heights; wherein the diameter range is [30mm, 100mm], and the height range is [10mm, 50mm]. The all-dimensional parameter monitoring module is configured to simultaneously collect electrical parameters, micro-area temperature data, and insulation status data during multiple lightning strikes. The active safety protection module is configured to monitor the equipment's operating status in real time and perform arc isolation, energy release, and fire extinguishing operations in the event of a sudden failure. The intelligent evaluation module is configured to receive multi-dimensional monitoring data and output performance status evaluation results and optimization suggestions based on the evaluation model. The multi-environment coupling simulation module is connected to the general sample loading module, the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module communicates with the general sample loading module, the active safety protection module communicates with the intelligent lightning current generation module and the general sample loading module respectively, and the intelligent evaluation module communicates with the intelligent lightning current generation module and the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module respectively.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The intelligent lightning current generating module includes multiple independent lightning current loops, each of which includes: The adjustable waveform modulation component is configured to switch and calibrate 8 / 20μs, 4 / 10μs and 1.2 / 50μs waveforms through a combination of precision inductors and resistors; An independent energy storage capacitor bank is configured to receive energy from the charging module and store it independently; The high-precision discharge switch is configured to achieve synchronous or sequential discharge with an accuracy of ±0.1ms across multiple branches; The branch energy monitoring unit is configured to monitor the energy storage voltage and discharge energy of the lightning current loop in real time. The independent energy storage capacitor bank communicates with the adjustable waveform modulation component, the high-precision discharge switch is electrically connected to the independent energy storage capacitor bank, and the high-precision discharge switch has a built-in plasma ejector and a synchronous triggering unit.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The multi-environment coupling simulation module includes: The temperature and humidity control unit is configured to control the temperature range of [-40℃, 85℃] and the relative humidity range of [10%, 95%]. The air pressure regulating unit is configured to simulate an air pressure environment in the range of [0.8 atm, 1.2 atm]. The foulness simulation unit is configured to apply foul liquids with different conductivity via spraying to achieve foulness adjustment at equivalent salinity [0.03 mg / cm², 0.2 mg / cm²]. The rain simulation unit is configured to adjust the rain intensity and angle to simulate different rainfall conditions.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The universal sample loading module includes: An adjustable electrode assembly, including an upper electrode, a lower electrode, and an elastic clamping mechanism, is configured to be adjustable by the electrode spacing to accommodate zinc oxide resistive sheets for lightning protection insulators of different heights. A diameter-adaptive clamp is configured to adapt to specimens within the diameter range via a retractable jaw structure; The conductive connection component is configured to reduce the impact of contact resistance on test accuracy; the conductive connection component employs a low-inductance design. The sample positioning datum is configured to ensure that the coaxiality error of each clamping is ≤0.2mm.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The full-dimensional parameter monitoring module includes: An electrical parameter acquisition unit, including a Rogowski current coil and a pulse voltage divider, is configured to measure peak current, peak voltage, pulse power, and charge. The micro-area temperature acquisition unit includes an infrared thermal imager and a distributed fiber optic sensor. The micro-area temperature acquisition unit is configured to simultaneously acquire the surface temperature distribution and internal micro-area temperature of the sample; wherein the temperature measurement accuracy is ±0.5℃. An insulation condition monitoring unit includes an ultraviolet imager and a partial discharge sensor, the insulation condition monitoring unit being configured to monitor insulation failure signals on the surface of a test specimen; The data synchronization unit is configured to synchronize the timestamps of data from multiple types of sensors; wherein the synchronization accuracy is ≤0.5ms.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The active safety protection module includes: The fault monitoring unit is configured to monitor discharge voltage, current, sample status, and environmental parameters in real time, and to identify faults, including overvoltage, overcurrent, sample rupture, and arc leakage. A rapid arc isolation unit, comprising a pneumatic arc isolation plate and an inert gas injection assembly, is configured to isolate an electric arc within 0.3 seconds upon the occurrence of a fault. The safety discharge unit is configured to quickly close the discharge circuit and release the remaining energy of the energy storage module; The fire suppression protection unit is configured to activate inert gas fire suppression in response to the risk of combustion of the test sample.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The intelligent evaluation module includes: The data storage unit is configured to store multi-dimensional monitoring data during the testing process; The evaluation model is configured to integrate electrical parameter change rate, temperature change characteristics, and insulation status parameters, and output performance status evaluation coefficients to determine the performance status evaluation result. The optimization suggestion unit is configured to generate optimization directions for the sample structure or material ratio based on the performance status evaluation results; The remote interaction unit is configured to support remote test control, data viewing, and report generation.

8. A multiple lightning strike testing method, characterized by, The method, applied to the apparatus of any one of claims 1-7, comprises: The environmental parameters are set through a multi-environment coupling simulation module, and the set state is maintained after the environmental parameters stabilize; wherein, the environmental parameters include temperature, humidity, air pressure, pollution level and rain status; Lightning protection insulators are loaded using a universal sample loading module. The electrode spacing and clamps are adjusted according to the sample size to ensure coaxiality of the clamping. The intelligent lightning current generation module sets the lightning current waveform, amplitude, number of discharges and discharge interval, and controls the charging module to charge the independent energy storage capacitor bank to the target voltage. The intelligent lightning current generating module generates multiple lightning currents according to set parameters to subject the test sample to lightning strikes. During a lightning strike, electrical parameters, micro-area temperature data, and insulation status data are simultaneously collected by the all-dimensional parameter monitoring module and sent to the intelligent evaluation module. If the active safety protection module detects a fault signal, it will initiate arc isolation, venting, and fire extinguishing operations, stop the test, and record the fault information. The intelligent evaluation module calculates the performance status evaluation coefficient based on multi-dimensional monitoring data and evaluation models, and determines the performance stability in combination with the appearance status of the test sample. Generate a test report; the test report includes environmental parameters, test parameters, multi-dimensional monitoring data, performance status evaluation results, and optimization suggestions.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The performance status evaluation coefficient is calculated using the following steps: Calculate the voltage change rate ΔU and the residual voltage change rate ΔUres based on the electrical parameters; Calculate the maximum temperature rise ΔTmax and the temperature rise rate vT based on the micro-area temperature data; Based on the insulation status data, the insulation failure characteristic parameter S is extracted; The performance status evaluation coefficients are calculated using the evaluation model G=ω1×(ΔU+ΔUres)+ω2×(ΔTmax+vT)+ω3×S, where ω1, ω2, and ω3 are weighting coefficients, and ω1+ω2+ω3=1. Among them, when G<1 and the sample is undamaged or flashover-free, the performance is considered stable; when G≥1 or the sample is damaged or flashover-free, the performance is considered unstable.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein, The method further includes: Comparative tests were conducted on the same sample under different environmental combinations to record the influence of environmental factors on performance. Batch testing was conducted on multiple batches of samples to statistically analyze the batch pass rate and performance distribution characteristics. Perform correlation analysis on test data and product design parameters.

Images