Display module and display device

Abstract

This application discloses a display module and display device. A beam-splitting structure is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The beam-splitting structure includes a lens grating layer and a metasurface structure layer. The lens grating layer includes multiple curved lenses, and the metasurface structure layer includes multiple metasurface units. In the thickness direction of the display module, one of the curved lenses and one of the metasurface units are overlapped. The metasurface unit includes multiple nanopillars. The phase of the metasurface unit satisfies Formula 1, which is: [Formula omitted for brevity]. This application embodiment uses curved lenses paired with metasurface units to adjust the phase and amplitude of the light emitted from the display panel, thereby achieving directional collimation and transmission with a wide viewing angle, expanding the field of view, improving beam splitting accuracy, and reducing the risk of optical crosstalk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module and display device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of science and technology, 3D spatial light field display technology is widely used in commercial giant screen advertising, automotive, medical and other fields. Among them, naked-eye 3D display technology allows users to experience immersive 3D stereoscopic images or movie effects without wearing glasses. The mainstream routes of naked-eye 3D spatial light field display technology include binocular parallax, integrated imaging, and holography. This technology is evolving towards a wider viewing angle, higher beam splitting accuracy, lower crosstalk, lower dizziness, and higher image quality.

[0003] However, current naked-eye 3D display designs rely on cylindrical lens gratings for beam splitting, but they have drawbacks such as poor collimation, large crosstalk, and narrow field of view, making it difficult to meet the needs of multiple users watching together. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a display module and display device to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a display module is provided, comprising: The display panel is configured to display images. A beam-splitting structure is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The beam-splitting structure includes a lens grating layer and a metasurface structure layer. The lens grating layer includes multiple curved lenses, and the metasurface structure layer includes multiple metasurface units. In the thickness direction of the display module, one of the curved lenses and one of the metasurface units are overlapped. The metasurface unit includes multiple nanopillars. The phase of the metasurface unit satisfies Formula 1, which is: ; Wherein, φ(y1) is the phase of the metasurface unit, Ai is the optimization coefficient, D is the reference diameter, y1 is the spatial coordinate of the nanopillar, and M is the modulation amplitude factor.

[0006] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the surface of the curved lens is aspherical, and the sag phase of the curved lens satisfies Formula 2, which is: ; Where z is the height of the surface along the optical axis, Bi is the optimization coefficient, y2 is the spatial coordinate of the aspherical surface, c is the vertex curvature of the aspherical surface, and k is the conic constant.

[0007] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the main lobe field of view of the display module is between 80 degrees and 179 degrees.

[0008] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the display module is configured to obtain the sag phase distribution information of the aspherical surface and the phase distribution information of the metasurface unit according to an artificial intelligence inverse optimization algorithm and a ray tracing optimization algorithm.

[0009] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the metasurface structure layer is configured to construct a library of metasurface microstructures that match the light field characteristics and correspond to the spectral range of the display panel, based on the light field characteristics and spectral parameters of the display panel and using the strict coupled-wave method and the finite-difference time-domain method. Then, based on the phase distribution information of the metasurface units, nanopillars with matching phase and amplitude are selected from the metasurface microstructure library and arranged to construct the metasurface structure layer.

[0010] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the display panel includes a light-emitting substrate and a color filter layer, wherein the color filter layer is disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate and configured to filter the wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting substrate; The light field characteristics of the display panel are the same as those of the light-emitting substrate, and the spectrum of the display panel is the spectrum of light emitted through the color filter layer.

[0011] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the metasurface microstructure library includes data information of various nanopillars, and the data signal of each nanopillar includes a phase value and a normalized amplitude value. The phase range of the metasurface microstructure library is between 0 and 2π, and the normalized amplitude value of the metasurface microstructure library is between 0 and 1.

[0012] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the display panel includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and a curved lens and a metasurface unit disposed in an overlapping manner form a beam splitting unit. The beam splitting unit is disposed on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixels, and in the thickness direction of the display module, each beam splitting unit covers at least two sub-pixels.

[0013] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the beam-splitting structure includes a protective layer covering the side of the metasurface unit away from the display panel, the curved lens being disposed on the side of the protective layer away from the display panel, the aspherical surface of the curved lens protruding in a direction away from the display panel, and the refractive index of the protective layer being less than the refractive index of the nanopillar.

[0014] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the beam-splitting structure includes a protective layer covering the side of the metasurface unit away from the display panel, the curved lens being disposed on the side of the metasurface unit close to the display panel, the aspherical surface of the curved lens being recessed towards the display panel, and the refractive index of the protective layer being less than the refractive index of the nanopillar.

[0015] According to a second aspect of this application, a display device is provided, which includes a display module as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0016] In the display module and display device of this application embodiment, a beam-splitting structure is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The beam-splitting structure includes a lens grating layer and a metasurface structure layer. The lens grating layer includes multiple curved lenses, and the metasurface structure layer includes multiple metasurface units. In the thickness direction of the display module, one of the curved lenses and one of the metasurface units are overlapped. The metasurface unit includes multiple nanopillars. The phase of the metasurface unit satisfies Formula 1, which is: .

[0017] It is understood that the embodiments of this application use curved lenses in combination with metasurface units to adjust the phase and amplitude of the light emitted from the display panel, thereby achieving directional collimation and transmission with a wide viewing angle, thereby expanding the field of view, improving beam splitting accuracy and reducing the risk of optical crosstalk.

[0018] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display module provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of the method for preparing metasurface structures provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: Display module 100; display panel 10; beam splitting structure 20; light-emitting substrate 11; color filter layer 12; filter section 12a; first filter section R1; second filter section G1; third filter section B1; lens grating layer 21; curved lens 21a; metasurface structure layer 22; metasurface unit 22a; nanopillar 2a; beam splitting unit 20a; protective layer 23; dielectric layer 24; display device 1000. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0023] This application provides a display module 100; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display module 100 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0024] The display module 100 provided in this application embodiment is a naked-eye 3D display module 100.

[0025] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the display module 100 includes a display panel 10 and a beam splitting structure 20.

[0026] The display panel 10 is configured to display an image. A beam splitting structure 20 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10. The beam splitting structure 20 is configured to spatially separate and direct the light emitted by different pixels on the display panel 10 to different viewing directions, so that the viewer's left and right eyes see images with parallax, which are ultimately merged in the brain to form a stereoscopic 3D image.

[0027] Optionally, the display panel 10 can be any panel with display function, such as a liquid crystal panel, an organic light-emitting panel, a micro light-emitting diode panel, etc.

[0028] For example, in Figure 1 and Figure 2In the display panel 10, there are light-emitting substrate 11 and color filter layer 12. The color filter layer 12 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate 11 and is configured to filter the wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting substrate 11.

[0029] Optionally, the light-emitting substrate 11 is configured to emit white light. The color filter layer 12 includes a plurality of filter portions 12a, each filter portion 12a being configured to transmit a color of light to form a sub-pixel. The color filter layer 12 includes a first filter portion R1, a second filter portion G1, and a third filter portion B1. The first filter portion R1 is configured to transmit the first color of light to form a first sub-pixel, the second filter portion G1 is configured to transmit the second color of light to form a second sub-pixel, and the third filter portion B1 is configured to transmit the third color of light to form a third sub-pixel.

[0030] The first color light, the second color light, and the third color light are different colors.

[0031] Optionally, one of the first, second, and third colored lights is red light, another of the first, second, and third colored lights is green light, and the last of the first, second, and third colored lights is blue light.

[0032] For example, the first color light is red light, the second color light is green light, and the third color light is blue light, and correspondingly, the first sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel.

[0033] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the beam-splitting structure 20 includes a lens grating layer 21 and a metasurface structure layer 22. The lens grating layer 21 includes a plurality of curved lenses 21a, and the metasurface structure layer 22 includes a plurality of metasurface units 22a. In the thickness direction of the display module 100, a curved lens 21a and a metasurface unit 22a are overlapped. The metasurface unit 22a includes a plurality of nanopillars 2a.

[0034] It is understandable that the curved lens 21a and the metasurface unit 22a are arranged overlappingly in the thickness direction of the display module 100, so that the light emitted from the sub-pixel is coordinated and controlled by the metasurface unit 22a and the curved lens 21a, thereby achieving directional collimation and transmission with a wide viewing angle, thereby expanding the field of view, improving the beam splitting accuracy and reducing the risk of light crosstalk.

[0035] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the display panel 10 includes a plurality of sub-pixels. An overlapping curved lens 21a and a metasurface unit 22a form a beam-splitting unit 20a, which is disposed on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixels. In the thickness direction of the display module 100, each beam-splitting unit 20a covers at least two of the sub-pixels to achieve a multi-viewpoint effect.

[0036] For example, each beam splitting unit 20a covers 12 sub-pixels. Specifically, each beam splitting unit 20a covers 4 first sub-pixels, 4 second sub-pixels, and 4 third sub-pixels.

[0037] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the beam-splitting structure 20 includes a protective layer 23 that covers the side of the metasurface unit 22a away from the display panel 10. A curved lens 21a is disposed on the side of the protective layer 23 away from the display panel 10. The aspherical surface of the curved lens 21a protrudes in a direction away from the display panel 10.

[0038] Understandably, the light emitted from the display panel 10 first passes through the metasurface unit 22a and then through the curved lens 21a. The metasurface unit 22a is located in front of the curved lens 21a, and can pre-adjust the phase and amplitude of the light emitted from the display panel 10 to improve the spectral purity of the curved lens 21a and reduce display crosstalk.

[0039] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the refractive index of the protective layer 23 is less than that of the nanopillar 2a, so as to provide the light emission angle and protect the metasurface microstructure.

[0040] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the material of the lens grating layer 21 is a photocurable or thermocurable resin material, such as, but not limited to, acrylic resin, polyurethane, and other polymer materials. After curing, the photocurable or thermocurable resin material forms a stable solid medium layer.

[0041] Optionally, in some embodiments, in a top view, the nanopillar 2a has at least one axis of symmetry, and the pattern of the nanopillar 2a includes, but is not limited to, circles, squares, crosses, and polygons.

[0042] Optionally, in some embodiments, the display module 100 further includes a dielectric layer 24 disposed between the display panel 10 and the beam splitting structure 20.

[0043] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the phase of the metasurface unit 22a satisfies Formula 1, which is: .

[0044] Where φ(y1) is the phase of metasurface unit 22a, Ai is the optimization coefficient, D is the reference diameter, y1 is the spatial coordinate of nanopillar 2a, and M is the modulation amplitude factor.

[0045] It is understood that the metasurface unit 22a in this embodiment satisfies Formula 1, enabling the metasurface unit 22a to generate a phase distribution corresponding to the aspherical lens (curved lens 21a), thereby accurately compensating for the aberrations generated by the curved lens 21a and reducing crosstalk between the left and right eye images. Secondly, through the phase modulation capability of the metasurface microstructure, more light can accurately enter the preset left / right viewing areas, improving light efficiency. Furthermore, by optimizing the coefficient Ai and the number of terms N, the phase curve can be arbitrarily shaped to better reduce aberrations and manufacturing errors, improve display quality, and enable multi-viewpoint viewing.

[0046] Optionally, the modulation amplitude factor M includes, but is not limited to, 1. The optimization coefficient Ai includes, but is not limited to, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, and 3.

[0047] It should be noted that the modulation amplitude factor M and the optimized system Ai can be selected according to the actual situation, so this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0048] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the main lobe field of view of the display module 100 is between 80 degrees and 179 degrees.

[0049] Understandably, the main lobe field of view of display module 100 is between 80 degrees and 179 degrees to achieve the effect of expanding the field of view. For example, the main lobe field of view of display module 100 can be 80 degrees, 81 degrees, 82 degrees, 83 degrees, 64 degrees, 85 degrees, 86 degrees, 87 degrees, 88 degrees, 89 degrees, 90 degrees, 91 degrees, 92 degrees, 93 degrees, 94 degrees, 95 degrees, 96 degrees, 97 degrees, etc. 98 degrees, 99 degrees, 100 degrees, 101 degrees, 102 degrees, 103 degrees, 104 degrees, 105 degrees, 106 degrees, 107 degrees, 108 degrees, 109 degrees, 110 degrees, 111 degrees, 112 degrees, 113 degrees, 114 degrees, 115 degrees, 116 degrees, 117 degrees, 118 degrees, 119 degrees, 120 degrees, 121 degrees, 122 degrees, 123 degrees, 124 degrees, 125 degrees 126 degrees, 127 degrees, 128 degrees, 129 degrees, 130 degrees, 131 degrees, 132 degrees, 133 degrees, 134 degrees, 135 degrees, 136 degrees, 137 degrees, 138 degrees, 139 degrees, 140 degrees, 141 degrees, 142 degrees, 143 degrees, 144 degrees, 145 degrees, 146 degrees, 147 degrees, 148 degrees, 149 degrees, 150 degrees, 151 degrees, 152 degrees 153 degrees, 154 degrees, 155 degrees, 156 degrees, 157 degrees, 158 degrees, 159 degrees, 160 degrees, 161 degrees, 162 degrees, 163 degrees, 164 degrees, 165 degrees, 166 degrees, 167 degrees, 168 degrees, 169 degrees, 170 degrees, 171 degrees, 172 degrees, 173 degrees, 174 degrees, 175 degrees, 176 degrees, 177 degrees, 178 degrees, 179 degrees.

[0050] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the surface of the curved lens 21a is aspherical, and the sag phase of the curved lens 21a satisfies Formula 2, which is: .

[0051] Where z is the height of the surface along the optical axis, Bi is the optimization coefficient, y2 is the spatial coordinate of the aspherical surface, c is the vertex curvature of the aspherical surface, and k is the conic constant.

[0052] It is understandable that the sag phase of the curved lens 21a satisfies Formula 2, where the higher-order terms in Formula 2... The curvature of the lens edge region can be precisely adjusted to correct aspherical surfaces and reduce spherical aberration. Secondly, the sag-phase of the curved lens 21a satisfies Formula 2, which can mitigate focus shift caused by chromatic aberration. Combined with subsequent compensation from the metasurface microstructure, it can achieve better focusing over a wider wavelength range, thereby reducing chromatic aberration. Furthermore, the optimization coefficient Bi can compensate for certain manufacturing errors.

[0053] Alternatively, please refer to Figure 3In some embodiments of this application, the display module 100 is configured to obtain the sag phase distribution information of the aspherical surface and the phase distribution information of the metasurface unit 22a according to an artificial intelligence reverse optimization algorithm and a ray tracing optimization algorithm.

[0054] Understandably, AI reverse optimization algorithms aim at desired physical performance or function, and use AI models (such as generative AI, reinforcement learning, etc.) to start from the target and reverse search or generate the optimal structure, parameters, or design scheme that can achieve the target.

[0055] Ray tracing optimization algorithms work by simulating the propagation and interaction of light in a 3D scene, and then working backward to solve for 3D information such as the scene's geometry, material properties, and light source distribution.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, the method for preparing the beam-splitting structure 20 includes: using an artificial intelligence inverse optimization algorithm to obtain the optical structure parameters of the grating lens layer and the metasurface structure layer 22, wherein the optical structure parameters include information such as geometry, phase distribution and material properties.

[0057] Next, based on the optical structure parameters of the grating lens layer and the metasurface structure layer 22, and using a ray tracing optimization algorithm, the propagation path of light from the display panel 10 through the beam splitting structure 20 is simulated to finally generate a simulated image and obtain the simulated image data information.

[0058] Subsequently, the data information of the simulated imaging and the data information of the target imaging are compared. If the difference between the two is within the set threshold range, the phase distribution information of the grating lens layer and metasurface structure layer 22 corresponding to the simulated imaging, as well as the geometry of the grating lens layer, are extracted. If the difference between the two is outside the set threshold range, the optical structure parameters of the grating lens layer and metasurface structure layer 22, such as the phase distribution, are adjusted until the difference between the two is within the set threshold range.

[0059] Optionally, the data information from the simulated imaging includes the main lobe field of view and the degree of light crosstalk between adjacent viewpoints.

[0060] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the metasurface structure layer 22 is configured to construct a metasurface microstructure library that matches the light field characteristics and corresponds to the spectral range of the display panel 10, based on the light field characteristics and spectral parameters of the display panel 10, and using the strict coupled-wave method and the finite-difference time-domain method. Then, based on the phase distribution of the metasurface unit 22a, nanopillars 2a that match both phase and amplitude are selected from the metasurface microstructure library and arranged to construct the metasurface structure layer 22.

[0061] For example, the light field characteristics of the display panel 10 are the same as those of the light-emitting substrate 11, and the spectrum of the display panel 10 is the spectrum of light emitted through the color filter layer 12.

[0062] It is understandable that the preparation method of the metasurface structure layer 22 includes: Step B01: Obtain the light field characteristic information of the light-emitting substrate 11 and the spectral parameters of the light emitted through the color filter layer 12.

[0063] Step B02: Based on the light field characteristic information and spectral parameters of the display panel 10, and based on the strict coupled-wave method and the finite-difference time-domain method, construct a metasurface microstructure library that matches the light field characteristics and corresponds to the spectral range of the display panel 10.

[0064] Optionally, the metasurface microstructure library includes data information of various nanopillars 2a, and the data signal of each nanopillar 2a includes a phase value and a normalized amplitude value. The phase range of the metasurface microstructure library is between 0 and 2π, and the normalized amplitude value of the metasurface microstructure library is between 0 and 1.

[0065] Step B03: Based on the light field characteristics and spectral parameters of the display panel 10, and combined with the artificial intelligence reverse optimization algorithm and the ray tracing optimization algorithm, obtain the sag phase distribution information of the aspherical surface and the phase distribution information of the metasurface unit 22a.

[0066] Step B04: Based on the phase distribution information of the metasurface unit 22a, select nanopillars 2a with matching phase and amplitude from the metasurface microstructure library, arrange them, and simulate them.

[0067] Step B05: Perform optical simulation and beam quality evaluation on the entire beam-splitting structure 20. If the beam quality evaluation is satisfactory, prepare the metasurface structure layer 22 using the selected nanopillars 2a and their arrangement information. If the beam quality evaluation is unsatisfactory, adjust the artificial intelligence inverse optimization algorithm and / or ray tracing optimization algorithm, and repeat steps B03 to B05 until the beam quality evaluation is satisfactory.

[0068] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is another structural schematic diagram of the display module 100 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. It should be noted that, in... Figure 4 Only the parts that differ from the above embodiments are described in order to avoid redundancy.

[0069] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the curved lens 21a is disposed on the side of the metasurface unit 22a near the display panel 10, and the aspherical surface of the curved lens 21a is recessed in the direction of approaching the display panel 10.

[0070] Understandably, the light emitted from the display panel 10 first passes through the curved lens 21a, and then through the metasurface unit 22a. The metasurface unit 22a, located after the curved lens 21a, can specifically compensate for spherical aberration and chromatic aberration caused by the light passing through the curved lens 21a, thus improving image quality. Furthermore, the metasurface microstructure can possess combined functions of anti-reflection and anti-glare.

[0071] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device 1000 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0072] According to a second aspect of this application, a display device 1000 is provided, which includes a display module 100 as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0073] It should be noted that the structure of the display module 100 of the display device 1000 provided in this application embodiment is the same as the structure of the display module 100 provided in the above embodiments. For details, please refer to... Figures 1 to 4 Therefore, the relevant explanations will not be repeated here.

[0074] In the display device 1000 of this application embodiment, a beam-splitting structure 20 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10. The beam-splitting structure 20 includes a lens grating layer 21 and a metasurface structure layer 22. The lens grating layer 21 includes a plurality of curved lenses 21a, and the metasurface structure layer 22 includes a plurality of metasurface units 22a. In the thickness direction of the display module 100, a curved lens 21a and a metasurface unit 22a are overlapped. The metasurface unit 22a includes a plurality of nanopillars 2a. The phase of the metasurface unit 22a satisfies Formula 1, which is: .

[0075] It is understood that the embodiments of this application use curved lens 21a in combination with metasurface unit 22a to adjust the phase and amplitude of light emitted from display panel 10, thereby achieving directional collimation and transmission with a wide viewing angle, thereby expanding the field of view, improving beam splitting accuracy and reducing the risk of optical crosstalk.

[0076] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0077] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0078] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0079] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized by include: The display panel is configured to display images. A beam-splitting structure is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The beam-splitting structure includes a lens grating layer and a metasurface structure layer. The lens grating layer includes multiple curved lenses, and the metasurface structure layer includes multiple metasurface units. In the thickness direction of the display module, one of the curved lenses and one of the metasurface units are overlapped. The metasurface unit includes multiple nanopillars. The phase of the metasurface unit satisfies Formula 1, which is: ； Wherein, φ(y1) is the phase of the metasurface unit, Ai is the optimization coefficient, D is the reference diameter, y1 is the spatial coordinate of the nanopillar, and M is the modulation amplitude factor.

2. The display module of claim 1, wherein, The surface of the curved lens is aspherical, and the phase of the curved lens satisfies Formula 2, which is: ； Where z is the height of the surface along the optical axis, Bi is the optimization coefficient, y2 is the spatial coordinate of the aspherical surface, c is the vertex curvature of the aspherical surface, and k is the conic constant.

3. The display module of claim 2, wherein, The main lobe field of view of the display module is between 80 degrees and 179 degrees.

4. The display module of claim 3, wherein, The display module is configured to obtain the sag phase distribution information of the aspherical surface and the phase distribution information of the metasurface unit based on artificial intelligence reverse optimization algorithm and ray tracing optimization algorithm.

5. The display module of claim 4, wherein, The metasurface structure layer is configured to construct a library of metasurface microstructures that match the light field characteristics and correspond to the spectral range of the display panel, based on the light field characteristics and spectral parameters of the display panel, and using the strict coupled-wave method and the finite-difference time-domain method. Then, based on the phase distribution information of the metasurface units, nanopillars with matching phase and amplitude are selected from the metasurface microstructure library and arranged to construct the metasurface structure layer.

6. The display module of claim 5, wherein, The display panel includes a light-emitting substrate and a color filter layer. The color filter layer is disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate and is configured to filter the wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting substrate. The light field characteristics of the display panel are the same as those of the light-emitting substrate, and the spectrum of the display panel is the spectrum of light emitted through the color filter layer.

7. The display module of claim 5, wherein, The metasurface microstructure library includes data information on various nanopillars. The data signal of each nanopillar includes a phase value and a normalized amplitude value. The phase range of the metasurface microstructure library is between 0 and 2π, and the normalized amplitude value of the metasurface microstructure library is between 0 and 1.

8. The display module of any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The display panel includes multiple sub-pixels. An overlapping curved lens and a metasurface unit form a beam splitting unit. The beam splitting unit is disposed on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixels. In the thickness direction of the display module, each beam splitting unit covers at least two sub-pixels.

9. The display module of claim 8, wherein, The beam-splitting structure includes a protective layer that covers the metasurface unit on the side away from the display panel. The curved lens is disposed on the protective layer on the side away from the display panel, and the aspherical surface of the curved lens protrudes in the direction away from the display panel. The refractive index of the protective layer is less than that of the nanopillar.

10. The display module of claim 8, wherein, The beam-splitting structure includes a protective layer that covers the side of the metasurface unit away from the display panel. The curved lens is disposed on the side of the metasurface unit closer to the display panel. The aspherical surface of the curved lens is recessed towards the display panel. The refractive index of the protective layer is less than that of the nanopillar.

11. A display device comprising: Includes the display module as described in any one of claims 1-10.

Images