A photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithically integrated smart window and a method of operating the same

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithic integrated intelligent window and its operating method, the intelligent window includes first protective glass, first transparent conductive oxide layer, perovskite power generation unit, transparent composite intermediate electrode, electrochromic unit, second transparent conductive oxide layer and second protective glass by sequentially stacking from bottom to top;The edge of the intelligent window is provided with encapsulation adhesive layer;Integrated intelligent management unit is provided in the encapsulation adhesive layer;The output end of the perovskite power generation unit is electrically connected with integrated intelligent management unit, and the output end of integrated intelligent management unit is electrically connected with electrochromic unit.The monolithic integrated intelligent window provided by the present application can reduce system thickness and weight, be convenient for installation and be applied in weight sensitive occasion, and can realize self-state perception and energy scheduling, with fast response, high efficiency, simple wiring, high reliability and other advantages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochromic device technology, specifically to a photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithic integrated smart window and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of smart and green energy-saving buildings, integrated functional glass that combines photovoltaic power generation and intelligent dimming has become a research focus in the field of building energy conservation. It can simultaneously meet multiple needs such as building-integrated photovoltaic power generation, shading and heat insulation, privacy protection, and light transmission adjustment. Currently, the existing manufacturing method in the industry mainly involves physically stacking and assembling photovoltaic glass and photochromic glass to achieve both power generation and color-changing functions. However, the photovoltaic layer and the photochromic layer absorb light in series. When the photochromic layer is in a dark state, it severely weakens the light intensity reaching the photovoltaic layer, resulting in a negative correlation between power generation efficiency and privacy / shading requirements. Users must make a difficult trade-off between energy-saving benefits and visual comfort. Furthermore, external systems typically use two heavy-duty glass panels, two layers of encapsulating film, and a large number of external cables, leading to a heavy system, complex installation, significantly increased long-term reliability risks, and difficult troubleshooting. In addition, to achieve a certain light transmittance, semi-transparent photovoltaic cells typically use complex processes such as laser etching to prepare micron-level electrode patterns, significantly increasing manufacturing costs. These patterns may also produce diffraction glare, affecting visual comfort.

[0003] In existing functional glass manufacturing, semi-transparent perovskite solar cells are combined with electrochromic devices to form laminated hollow glass units. These units primarily use spacers to combine independently manufactured photovoltaic and electrochromic functional glass into a hollow structure, filling the hollow cavity with inert gas. The photovoltaic and electrochromic glass are each equipped with independent electrode leads, ultimately connected to an external intelligent controller. The controller integrates functions such as photovoltaic power generation, battery charging, and light-sensing signal-driven color changing. However, this structure is essentially still a combination of "one window, two systems," failing to address the integration bottlenecks at the physical and optical levels.

[0004] The existing integration methods have the following drawbacks: (1) Superposition loss of optical thickness. The two-layer glass substrate and multi-layer film system result in an overall visible light transmittance of usually less than 40%, and there are multiple interface reflections, which cause glare and reduced clarity. (2) Rigid energy management. External controllers usually use simple logic (such as illumination threshold) and cannot sense the internal state of the device (such as the current maximum power point of the photovoltaic unit and the optimal driving voltage corresponding to the coloring depth of the electrochromic unit), which leads to a decrease in energy dispatch efficiency. (3) Lack of adaptive coordination. Photovoltaics and color conversion are two passive and independently reacting subsystems. They cannot actively adjust the color conversion strategy according to the power generation capacity, nor can they optimize power generation management according to the color conversion requirements.

[0005] Therefore, how to resolve the inherent contradictions of the simple physical superposition of power-generating glass and photochromic glass, and achieve adaptive adjustment of solar power generation and visible light transmittance, is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithically integrated smart window and its operation method. Compared with the prior art, the monolithically integrated smart window provided by the present invention can reduce the system thickness and weight, making it easier to install and apply in weight-sensitive occasions. It can also realize its own status perception and energy scheduling, and has the advantages of fast response, high efficiency, simple wiring, and high reliability.

[0007] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithic integrated smart window, the smart window comprising, from bottom to top, a first protective glass, a first transparent conductive oxide layer, a perovskite power generation unit, a transparent composite intermediate electrode, an electrochromic unit, a second transparent conductive oxide layer, and a second protective glass. The edges of the smart window are provided with an encapsulating adhesive layer; An integrated intelligent management unit is provided within the encapsulating adhesive layer; The output terminal of the perovskite power generation unit is electrically connected to the integrated intelligent management unit, and the output terminal of the integrated intelligent management unit is electrically connected to the electrochromic unit.

[0008] In this invention, the perovskite power generation unit, the integrated intelligent management unit, and the electrochromic unit are integrated. The perovskite power generation unit and the electrochromic unit each perform their respective functions, eliminating spectral competition from the source. Furthermore, by embedding the integrated intelligent management unit into the encapsulation layer set at the edge, embedded management and native, efficient autonomous control can be achieved. At the same time, the manufacturing process is simplified and the total life cycle cost is reduced while obtaining comprehensive performance.

[0009] Preferably, the transparent composite intermediate electrode comprises a metal nanomesh and aluminum oxide deposited on the metal nanomesh.

[0010] Preferably, the deposition thickness of the alumina is 20~50nm, for example, it can be 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, 45nm or 50nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0011] In this invention, by depositing a 20-50 nm thick layer of alumina on a metal nanomesh, the alumina completely covers the metal nanomesh, which can prevent corrosion in subsequent processes and form a good interface bond with the electrochromic unit.

[0012] Preferably, the metal nanomesh comprises a silver nanomesh.

[0013] Preferably, the linewidth of the metal nanogrid is <5μm, for example, it can be 4.8μm, 4.5μm, 4.6μm, 4.4μm, 4.2μm, 4μm, 3.8μm, 3.6μm, 3.5μm, 3.2μm or 3μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0014] Preferably, the mesh period of the metal nanomesh is >200μm, for example, it can be 201μm, 202μm, 204μm, 206μm, 208μm, 210μm, 212μm, 214μm, 216μm, 218μm or 220μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0015] Preferably, the sheet resistance of the metal nanomesh is <5Ω / □, for example, it can be 4.8Ω / □, 4.6Ω / □, 4.4Ω / □, 4.2Ω / □, 4Ω / □, 3.8Ω / □, 3.6Ω / □, 3.4Ω / □, 3.2Ω / □ or 3Ω / □, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0016] Preferably, the transparency of the metal nanomesh is >95%, for example, it can be 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99% or 99.5%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0017] Preferably, the method for preparing the metal nanomesh includes nanoimprinting and / or self-assembly.

[0018] In this invention, the metal nanomesh is formed by nanoimprinting or self-assembly, including but not limited to silver nanomesh, with a linewidth < 5 μm and a mesh period > 200 μm, which can ensure high conductivity (sheet resistance < 5 Ω / □) and high transparency (transparency > 95%).

[0019] Preferably, the first protective glass or the second protective glass each independently comprises temperable glass.

[0020] Preferably, the first transparent conductive oxide layer includes an ITO layer.

[0021] Preferably, the perovskite power generation unit includes an electron transport layer, a wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a hole transport layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top.

[0022] Preferably, the electron transport layer comprises a TiO2 layer or a SnO2 layer.

[0023] Preferably, the wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer includes FA. 0.8 Cs 0.2 Pb(I 0.8 Br 0.2 3. Perovskite materials.

[0024] Preferably, the band gap of the wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer is 1.75~1.85eV, for example, it can be 1.75eV, 1.80eV or 1.85eV, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0025] In this invention, the wide-bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer has a bandgap greater than 1.70 eV, which has a strong absorption capacity for short-wavelength visible light, while the electrochromic unit can significantly modulate long-wavelength light. The two are decoupled in terms of spectral response, which effectively avoids the competitive absorption of light in the same wavelength band by the perovskite power generation unit and the electrochromic unit, and ensures the independence and high efficiency of their respective functions.

[0026] Preferably, the thickness of the wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer is 300~400nm, for example, it can be 300nm, 320nm, 340nm, 360nm, 380nm or 400nm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0027] Preferably, the hole transport layer includes a Spiro-OMeTAD layer or a PTAA layer.

[0028] Preferably, the hole transport layer thickness is 50~200nm, for example, it can be 50nm, 60nm, 80nm, 100nm, 120nm, 140nm, 160nm, 180nm or 200nm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0029] Preferably, the electrochromic unit includes an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top.

[0030] In this invention, the electrochromic unit is configured by a combination of an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode layer, and mainly controls the residual light passing through the transparent composite intermediate electrode.

[0031] Preferably, the electrochromic layer comprises WO x layer.

[0032] Preferably, the electrolyte layer comprises a LiPON solid electrolyte layer.

[0033] Preferably, the counter electrode layer comprises NiO.x Layer, where x = 1 to 1.2, for example, it can be 1, 1.1 or 1.2, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0034] Preferably, the second transparent conductive oxide layer includes an ITO layer.

[0035] Preferably, the integrated intelligent management unit includes an ASIC chip.

[0036] In this invention, the integrated intelligent management unit is not an external component, but is directly integrated into the encapsulation layer at the edge of the glass in the form of a flexible printed circuit.

[0037] Preferably, the integrated intelligent management unit includes an MPPT algorithm module, an impedance spectrum scanning module, a dynamic impedance matching circuit, a strategy executor, a micro energy storage module, and a sensor module.

[0038] Preferably, the MPPT algorithm module is used to track the optimal operating point of the perovskite power generation unit in real time.

[0039] In this invention, the MPPT algorithm module can track the optimal operating point of the perovskite power generation unit in real time, that is, the voltage and / or current value corresponding to the maximum power point of the perovskite power generation unit under the current illumination and environmental conditions.

[0040] Preferably, the impedance spectrum scanning module is used to periodically scan the electrochromic unit with a microcurrent to obtain the equivalent resistance and capacitive reactance under the current coloring state.

[0041] Preferably, the dynamic impedance matching circuit is used to automatically adjust the output characteristics of the DC-DC converter based on the voltage and / or current value corresponding to the real-time maximum power point output by the MPPT algorithm module and the real-time impedance of the electrochromic unit, so that the energy transfer efficiency is >85%.

[0042] Preferably, the strategy executor is used to determine the target penetration rate.

[0043] In this invention, the strategy executor can make decisions based on external light or heat data obtained from the sensor module and through internal algorithms (such as maximizing net energy saving) to obtain the target transmittance.

[0044] Preferably, the micro energy storage module comprises a solid-state thin-film lithium battery or a supercapacitor, and the energy storage capacity per unit area of ​​the micro energy storage module is ≥0.5mAh / cm². 2 It is used to store excess electrical energy.

[0045] Preferably, the sensor module is used to monitor external light source data and / or thermal data in real time.

[0046] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for operating a photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithic integrated smart window as described in the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising the following steps: When the photon energy is greater than 1.8 eV, sunlight is absorbed by the perovskite power generation unit and outputs DC power, which is then transmitted to the integrated intelligent management unit, which drives the electrochromic unit to change color. When the photon energy is ≤1.8eV, sunlight is absorbed, reflected, or transmitted by the electrochromic unit.

[0047] Preferably, the operating method specifically includes the following steps: When the photon energy is greater than 1.8 eV, sunlight is absorbed by the wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer of the perovskite power generation unit, generating electron-hole pairs, which are collected by the transparent composite intermediate electrode and the second transparent conductive oxide layer, outputting DC power to the integrated intelligent management unit. The integrated intelligent management unit dynamically allocates the power, drives the electrochromic unit to change color, and stores excess power in the micro energy storage module.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) In this invention, the perovskite power generation unit has a strong absorption capacity for short-wavelength visible light, while the electrochromic unit can significantly modulate long-wavelength light. The two are decoupled in terms of spectral response, which effectively avoids the competitive absorption of light in the same wavelength band by the perovskite power generation unit and the electrochromic unit, and ensures the independence and efficiency of their respective functions.

[0049] (2) The single-chip integrated smart window provided by the present invention can reduce the thickness and weight of the system, making it easy to install and apply in weight-sensitive occasions. It can also realize its own status perception and energy scheduling, and has the advantages of fast response, high efficiency, simple wiring and high reliability.

[0050] (3) In this invention, the average visible light transmittance of the perovskite power generation unit can reach 41-45%, and under this condition, its photoelectric conversion efficiency can still be maintained above 12%. Of the driving power required for the electrochromic unit to complete a 60% transmittance change within 30 seconds, more than 70% can be provided in real time by its own perovskite power generation unit under standard sunlight, and the remainder is supplemented by the micro energy storage module, thus achieving a high degree of energy self-sufficiency. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.

[0052] The numerical range described in this invention includes not only the point values ​​listed above, but also any point values ​​within the numerical ranges not listed above. Due to space limitations and for the sake of brevity, this invention will not exhaustively list all the specific point values ​​included in the range.

[0053] Example 1 This embodiment provides a photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithic integrated smart window. The smart window includes, from bottom to top, a first protective glass, a first transparent conductive oxide layer, a perovskite power generation unit, a transparent composite intermediate electrode, an electrochromic unit, a second transparent conductive oxide layer, and a second protective glass, stacked sequentially. An encapsulating adhesive layer is provided at the edge of the smart window, and an integrated smart management unit is disposed within the encapsulating adhesive layer. The output terminal of the perovskite power generation unit is electrically connected to the integrated smart management unit, and the output terminal of the integrated smart management unit is electrically connected to the electrochromic unit.

[0054] The transparent composite intermediate electrode comprises a metal nanomesh and alumina deposited on the metal nanomesh. The deposition thickness of the alumina is 20-50 nm. The metal nanomesh includes a silver nanomesh. The linewidth of the metal nanomesh is <5 μm, the grid period of the metal nanomesh is >200 μm, the sheet resistance of the metal nanomesh is <5 Ω / □, and the transparency of the metal nanomesh is >95%. The preparation method of the metal nanomesh includes nanoimprinting and / or self-assembly.

[0055] The first protective glass or the second protective glass each independently comprises temperable glass.

[0056] The first transparent conductive oxide layer or the second transparent conductive oxide layer each independently includes an ITO layer.

[0057] The perovskite power generation unit comprises, from bottom to top, an electron transport layer, a wide-bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a hole transport layer stacked sequentially. The electron transport layer comprises a TiO2 layer or a SnO2 layer, and the wide-bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer comprises a FA layer. 0.8 Cs 0.2 Pb(I 0.8 Br 0.2 3. Perovskite material, wherein the band gap of the wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer is 1.75~1.85eV, the thickness of the wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer is 300~400nm, the hole transport layer includes a Spiro-OMeTAD layer or a PTAA layer, and the thickness of the hole transport layer is 50~200nm.

[0058] The electrochromic unit comprises an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The electrochromic layer includes WO4. xThe electrolyte layer comprises a LiPON solid electrolyte layer, and the counter electrode layer comprises NiO. x Layer, where x = 1~1.2.

[0059] The integrated intelligent management unit includes an ASIC chip, an MPPT algorithm module, an impedance spectroscopy scanning module, a dynamic impedance matching circuit, a strategy executor, a micro-energy storage module, and a sensor module. The MPPT algorithm module tracks the optimal operating point of the perovskite power generation unit in real time. The impedance spectroscopy scanning module periodically scans the electrochromic unit with microcurrents to obtain the equivalent resistance and capacitive reactance under the current coloring state. The dynamic impedance matching circuit automatically adjusts the output characteristics of the DC-DC converter based on the voltage and / or current values ​​corresponding to the real-time maximum power point output by the MPPT algorithm module and the real-time impedance of the electrochromic unit, ensuring an energy transfer efficiency >85%. The strategy executor determines the target transmittance. The micro-energy storage module includes a solid-state thin-film lithium battery or a supercapacitor, with a unit area energy storage capacity ≥0.5 mAh / cm². 2 It is used to store excess electrical energy, and the sensor module is used to monitor external light source data and / or thermal data in real time.

[0060] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for operating the smart window described in Embodiment 1, the method comprising the following steps: When sunlight enters the photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithic integrated smart photovoltaic system, it is divided into two paths: one enters the photovoltaic action path, and the other enters the electrochromic control path, as detailed below: When the photon energy is greater than 1.8 eV (mainly ultraviolet and blue-green light), sunlight is absorbed by the wide-bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer of the perovskite power generation unit and generates electron-hole pairs. These pairs are collected by the transparent composite intermediate electrode and the second transparent conductive oxide layer, and DC power is output to the integrated intelligent management unit. The integrated intelligent management unit dynamically allocates the power, drives the electrochromic unit to change color, and stores the excess power in the micro energy storage module.

[0061] When the photon energy is ≤1.8eV (mainly red and near-infrared light), sunlight passes through the perovskite power generation unit and enters the electrochromic unit. Depending on the coloring state of the electrochromic unit, it is selectively absorbed, reflected, or transmitted. The transmitted light is soft, glare-free visible light, while the absorbed or reflected light is converted into heat or blocked.

[0062] The performance of the photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithic integrated smart window prepared in Example 1 above was tested, and the results are as follows: (1) Optical performance: In the bleached state, the average visible light transmittance in the 380~780nm wavelength range is 42%; in the colored state, the transmittance drops to 12%, and the visible light modulation amplitude is 30%. The perovskite power generation unit operates under standard AM1.5G illumination (1000W / m²). 2 The average visible light transmittance is 41%, its photoelectric conversion efficiency is 12.5%, its open-circuit voltage is 1.05V, and its short-circuit current density is 18.2mA / cm². 2 The fill factor is 0.72.

[0063] (2) Electrochromic response: Under an applied driving voltage of ±2.5V, the coloring response time (from the fading state to reaching 90% modulation amplitude) of the electrochromic unit is 22s, and the fading response time is 18s. The coloring efficiency is 42cm. 2 / C, after 5000 cycles, the transmittance modulation amplitude attenuation is less than 8%.

[0064] (3) Energy self-sufficiency rate: Under standard solar irradiance conditions, the output power of the perovskite power generation unit is 85W / m. 2 It can generate 2.55 J / m³ within 30 seconds. 2 The electrical energy required for the electrochromic unit to achieve a 60% transmittance change (e.g., from 42% to approximately 22.8%) is 3.5 J / m². 2 2.55 J / m 2 Approximately 73% can be provided in real time by perovskite power generation units, with the remainder supplemented by micro-energy storage modules.

[0065] (4) System integration advantages: Compared with the traditional physical superposition scheme of photovoltaic glass and electrochromic glass, the thickness of the photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithic integrated smart window in this embodiment is reduced by about 45% (from 22mm to 12mm), the weight is reduced by about 40%, the number of interlayer reflection interfaces is reduced by 2, and the visible light transmittance is increased by about 8%.

[0066] In summary, the single-chip integrated smart window provided by this invention can reduce system thickness and weight, making it easy to install and apply in weight-sensitive applications. It can also achieve its own status perception and energy scheduling, and has the advantages of fast response, high efficiency, simple wiring, and high reliability.

[0067] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithically integrated smart window, characterized in that, The smart window comprises, from bottom to top, a first protective glass, a first transparent conductive oxide layer, a perovskite power generation unit, a transparent composite intermediate electrode, an electrochromic unit, a second transparent conductive oxide layer, and a second protective glass, which are stacked sequentially. The edges of the smart window are provided with an encapsulating adhesive layer; An integrated intelligent management unit is provided within the encapsulating adhesive layer; The output terminal of the perovskite power generation unit is electrically connected to the integrated intelligent management unit, and the output terminal of the integrated intelligent management unit is electrically connected to the electrochromic unit.

2. The smart window of claim 1, wherein, The transparent composite intermediate electrode comprises a metal nanomesh and aluminum oxide deposited on the metal nanomesh; Preferably, the deposition thickness of the alumina is 20~50 nm; Preferably, the metal nanomesh comprises a silver nanomesh; Preferably, the linewidth of the metal nanogrid is <5 μm; Preferably, the mesh period of the metal nanomesh is >200 μm; Preferably, the surface resistivity of the metal nanomesh is <5Ω / □; Preferably, the transparency of the metal nanomesh is >95%; Preferably, the method for preparing the metal nanomesh includes nanoimprinting and / or self-assembly.

3. The smart window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first protective glass or the second protective glass each independently comprises temperable glass.

4. The smart window of any of claims 1-3, wherein, The first transparent conductive oxide layer includes an ITO layer.

5. The smart window of any of claims 1-4, wherein, The perovskite power generation unit includes an electron transport layer, a wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a hole transport layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top; Preferably, the electron transport layer comprises a TiO2 layer or a SnO2 layer; Preferably, the wide bandgap perovskite light absorbing layer comprises FA 0.8 Cs 0.2 Pb(I 0.8 Br 0.2 )3 perovskite material; Preferably, the band gap of the wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer is 1.75~1.85 eV; Preferably, the thickness of the wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer is 300~400 nm; Preferably, the hole transport layer includes a Spiro-OMeTAD layer or a PTAA layer; Preferably, the hole transport layer has a thickness of 50~200nm.

6. The smart window of any of claims 1-5, wherein, The electrochromic unit includes an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top; Preferably, the electrochromic layer comprises WO x layer; Preferably, the electrolyte layer comprises a LiPON solid electrolyte layer; Preferably, the counter electrode layer comprises NiO x layer, wherein x = 1-1.

2.

7. The smart window of any of claims 1-6, wherein, The second transparent conductive oxide layer includes an ITO layer.

8. The smart window of any of claims 1-7, wherein, The integrated intelligent management unit includes an ASIC chip; Preferably, the integrated intelligent management unit includes an MPPT algorithm module, an impedance spectrum scanning module, a dynamic impedance matching circuit, a strategy executor, a micro energy storage module, and a sensor module; Preferably, the MPPT algorithm module is used to track the optimal operating point of the perovskite power generation unit in real time; Preferably, the impedance spectrum scanning module is used to periodically scan the electrochromic unit with a microcurrent to obtain the equivalent resistance and capacitive reactance under the current coloring state; Preferably, the dynamic impedance matching circuit is used to automatically adjust the output characteristics of the DC-DC converter based on the voltage and / or current value corresponding to the real-time maximum power point output by the MPPT algorithm module and the real-time impedance of the electrochromic unit, so that the energy transfer efficiency is >85%; Preferably, the strategy executor is used to determine the target penetration rate; Preferably, the micro energy storage module comprises a solid thin film lithium battery or a super capacitor, and the unit area energy storage capacity of the micro energy storage module is ≥0.5 mAh / cm 2 for storing excess electrical energy; Preferably, the sensor module is used to monitor external light source data and / or thermal data in real time.

9. A method for operating a photovoltaic-electrochromic monolithic integrated smart window as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The operating method includes the following steps: When the photon energy is greater than 1.8 eV, sunlight is absorbed by the perovskite power generation unit and outputs DC power, which is then transmitted to the integrated intelligent management unit, which drives the electrochromic unit to change color. When the photon energy is ≤1.8eV, sunlight is absorbed, reflected, or transmitted by the electrochromic unit.

10. The method of operating of claim 9, wherein, The operating method specifically includes the following steps: When the photon energy is greater than 1.8 eV, sunlight is absorbed by the wide bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer of the perovskite power generation unit, generating electron-hole pairs, which are collected by the transparent composite intermediate electrode and the second transparent conductive oxide layer, outputting DC power to the integrated intelligent management unit. The integrated intelligent management unit dynamically allocates the power, drives the electrochromic unit to change color, and stores excess power in the micro energy storage module.