A window curtain control method and system considering visual comfort and energy saving effect

Abstract

A curtain control method and system that balances visual comfort and energy saving includes the following steps: S11, discretizing the window exposure ratio within the range of 0% to 100% into multiple candidate values, and calculating the sunlight glare probability and indoor sunlight illuminance corresponding to each candidate value; S12, determining whether there exists a candidate value corresponding to a sunlight glare probability less than a first sunlight glare probability threshold and an indoor sunlight illuminance greater than or equal to an indoor sunlight illuminance threshold; if so, the smallest candidate value meeting the conditions is taken as the optimal value; if not, proceed to the next step; S13, determining whether there exists a candidate value corresponding to a sunlight glare probability greater than or equal to a first sunlight glare probability threshold and less than a second sunlight glare probability threshold, and an indoor sunlight illuminance greater than or equal to an indoor sunlight illuminance threshold; if so, the smallest candidate value meeting the conditions is taken as the optimal value; if not, controlling the curtain to fully open. Compared with the prior art, this invention can balance visual comfort and energy saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building energy conservation and intelligent building control technology, specifically to a curtain control method and system that balances visual comfort and energy-saving effects. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the problems of high energy consumption and carbon emissions during building operation are becoming increasingly prominent, especially in office buildings. This is particularly evident in areas with concentrated economic activity, where office buildings generally have high energy intensity. Transparent building envelopes, such as glass curtain walls, easily introduce large amounts of solar radiation, which is a significant source of cooling load for office buildings during the summer. Therefore, improving the light and heat regulation capabilities of transparent building envelopes is an important way to reduce building energy consumption.

[0003] Passive shading is commonly used in office buildings to improve the indoor environment. Compared to external shading, internal shading is less affected by wind loads, easier to install and modify, and less expensive, making it more widely used. However, while curtains block sunlight, they also absorb solar heat and release it into the room through convection and radiation, causing the indoor air temperature to rise. Furthermore, curtains alter the distribution of natural light; improper control can cause glare, and excessive shading can increase lighting energy consumption.

[0004] Existing indoor shading control methods use full-on, full-off, timed, or single-threshold control, which have the disadvantage of making it difficult to balance visual comfort and energy-saving effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a curtain control method and system that balances visual comfort and energy efficiency, thereby solving the technical problem that existing indoor shading control methods struggle to achieve both.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] On the one hand, a curtain control method that balances visual comfort and energy-saving effect is provided, including a first control mode;

[0008] The first control mode includes the following steps:

[0009] S11. Discretize the window exposure ratio within the range of 0% to 100% into multiple candidate values, and calculate the solar glare probability and indoor solar illuminance corresponding to each candidate value;

[0010] S12. Determine if there are candidate values ​​corresponding to a sunlight glare probability less than the first sunlight glare probability threshold and an indoor sunlight illuminance greater than or equal to the indoor sunlight illuminance threshold. If so, take the smallest candidate value that meets the conditions as the optimal value. If not, proceed to the next step.

[0011] S13. Determine if there are candidate values ​​corresponding to a sunlight glare probability greater than or equal to the first sunlight glare probability threshold and less than the second sunlight glare probability threshold, and an indoor sunlight illuminance greater than or equal to the indoor sunlight illuminance threshold; if so, take the smallest candidate value that meets the conditions as the optimal value; if not, control the curtains to be fully open.

[0012] The curtains are fully extended when the window exposure ratio is 0%, and fully retracted when the window exposure ratio is 100%.

[0013] This invention first eliminates window exposure ratios that cause glare and insufficient illumination, then finds the optimal window exposure ratio with the lowest energy consumption, thus balancing visual comfort and energy saving. Secondly, by setting different levels of daylight glare probability thresholds, it prioritizes high comfort; if high comfort is not achieved, it searches for a solution within the acceptable range; if still no solution is found, it triggers mandatory protection, i.e., the curtains are fully opened, facilitating project implementation and parameter tuning. Thirdly, by finding the optimal window exposure ratio within a set range, the control results are stable and repeatable, reducing the phenomenon of frequent switching between various intermediate opening degrees due to small disturbances. This not only improves the user experience and the lifespan of the actuator (fewer and more regular actions), but also reduces the risk of light switch jitter.

[0014] In some embodiments, step S11 includes:

[0015] Calculate the probability of sunlight glare and the indoor illuminance when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted, respectively.

[0016] Based on the probability of sunlight glare and the indoor illuminance when the curtains are fully open and fully retracted, the probability of sunlight glare and the indoor illuminance corresponding to each candidate value are calculated using interpolation.

[0017] In some embodiments, calculating the probability of sunlight glare when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted includes:

[0018] ;

[0019] ;

[0020] In the formula, , These represent the probability of sunlight glare when the curtains are fully extended and when they are fully retracted, respectively. , These are the vertical eye level illuminance values ​​when the curtains are fully open and fully retracted, respectively. , These are the times when the curtains are fully open and when they are fully retracted. The first glare source area The brightness of each discrete unit; , These are the times when the curtains are fully open and when they are fully retracted. The first glare source area The solid angle corresponding to each discrete element at the observation point; For the first The position index of a light source relative to the observer's line of sight.

[0021] It should be noted that existing technologies have proposed using cameras to acquire the field-of-view brightness distribution and combining it with parameters such as vertical illuminance to calculate the probability of solar glare. Other technologies employ image brightness calibration and image processing to extract photometric parameters such as the brightness of glare sources. This invention references existing technologies and utilizes a camera to acquire image data related to the calculation of the probability of solar glare (DGP). Specifically, the camera acquires a field-of-view image along the observation direction. Existing algorithms are used to perform brightness calibration, glare source region identification, region segmentation, and discretization processing on the field-of-view image to extract brightness information for each glare source region within the field of view, thereby obtaining the glare source brightness. , and solid angle , Vertical eye position illuminance , Preferably, the illuminance is directly measured by a vertical illuminance sensor located near the observation position. Alternatively, it can be estimated based on the field-of-view image captured by the camera, combined with the illuminance distribution, field-of-view geometry, and preset calibration parameters. The estimation method is an existing method.

[0022] In some embodiments, the indoor illuminance is calculated when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted. include:

[0023] When the curtains are fully retracted, ;

[0024] When the curtains are fully open, ;

[0025] In the formula, For the glass area, The direct light transmittance of the window glass. The diffuse transmittance of the window glass. Direct sunlight illumination on the facade; For the diffuse illuminance of the facade, ρ n The area-weighted average reflectance of the room. This refers to the curtain's transmittance.

[0026] In some embodiments, before step S11, the method includes: determining whether the curtain is in a fully retracted state; if yes, maintaining the fully retracted state; if no, proceeding to step S11.

[0027] In some embodiments, the above-described curtain control method includes a second control mode; the first control mode is activated when the room is occupied, and the second control mode is activated when the room is unoccupied;

[0028] The second control mode includes the following steps:

[0029] S21. Determine whether the absolute value of the lighting energy consumption difference is greater than the absolute value of the air conditioning energy consumption difference and whether the building energy consumption difference is greater than the first set threshold; if yes, proceed to step S22; if no, proceed to step S23.

[0030] S22. Determine if the lighting energy consumption difference is zero; if yes, control the curtains to fully open; otherwise, control the curtains to fully retract.

[0031] S23. Determine whether the absolute value of the building energy consumption difference is less than or equal to the first set threshold; if yes, proceed to step S24; if no, control the curtains to fully open.

[0032] S24. If the building energy consumption difference is less than zero, control the curtains to be fully open; if the building energy consumption difference is equal to zero, control the curtains to remain in their current state; if the building energy consumption difference is greater than zero, control the curtains to be fully retracted.

[0033] Among them, the difference in lighting energy consumption is the difference between the lighting energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully retracted and the lighting energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully extended;

[0034] The air conditioning energy consumption difference is the difference between the air conditioning energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully retracted and the air conditioning energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully extended.

[0035] The building energy consumption difference is the sum of the lighting energy consumption difference and the air conditioning energy consumption difference;

[0036] indoor daylight illuminance Greater than the indoor daylight illuminance threshold At the same time, the room's lighting energy consumption is equal to the value when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended. Otherwise, all values ​​are equal to zero;

[0037] Air conditioning energy consumption in the room when the curtains are fully retracted ;

[0038] Room air conditioning energy consumption when curtains are fully open ;

[0039] In the formula, The power density coefficient of the lighting system. For room area, For heat transfer in interior spaces, such as curtain systems and non-transparent building envelopes. , These figures represent the amount of solar radiation heat gained in the room when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended, respectively. , These are the heat dissipation of the room's lighting system when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended, respectively. This refers to the air conditioner's energy efficiency ratio.

[0040] This invention employs a dual-mode control framework, allowing switching between a first mode and a second mode based on actual operational needs. The baseline mode (second mode) uses binary control logic, making decisions only between the fully extended and fully retracted curtain states, reducing computational burden and building energy consumption when the room is unoccupied. The comfort mode (first mode) further introduces discretization search on top of the baseline mode, progressively filtering different curtain retraction rates to balance visual comfort and building energy efficiency. This dual-mode structure satisfies both the need for low computational cost operation and the refined control requirements of occupied scenarios (rooms in use).

[0041] In the second mode:

[0042] Scenario 1: When the absolute value of the difference in lighting energy consumption is greater than the absolute value of the difference in air conditioning energy consumption, and the difference in building energy consumption is greater than a first set threshold, curtain shading leads to an increase in lighting energy consumption, and this increase exceeds the savings from air conditioning, ultimately causing the difference in building energy consumption to rise, and this value exceeds a threshold δ. The decision objective is to choose the curtain state that minimizes the increase in total energy consumption. Therefore, when the difference in lighting energy consumption ΔPlight is zero, it means that curtain shading makes lighting energy consumption the same as when there are no curtains, i.e., the difference in lighting energy consumption remains unchanged. At this time, the difference in building energy consumption ΔP depends on the difference in air conditioning energy consumption ΔPcl, i.e., ΔP = -ΔPcl. Therefore, opening the curtains can maximize the use of the shading effect of the curtains to reduce air conditioning energy consumption without increasing lighting energy consumption, thereby reducing building energy consumption, and the energy saving is at least |-ΔPcl|. When the difference in lighting energy consumption ΔPlight is not zero, it means that curtain shading increases lighting energy consumption, i.e., ΔPlight > 0. In buildings with high lighting power, ΔPlight > |-ΔPcl|, and any non-zero shading will result in ΔP > δ. To minimize building energy consumption, any increase in lighting energy consumption caused by shading should be completely avoided. Therefore, closing the curtains will make ΔPlight = 0 and ΔPcl = 0, thus making the building energy consumption difference ΔP = 0, and the energy saving will be at least ΔPlight.

[0043] When the condition that the absolute value of the lighting energy consumption difference is greater than the absolute value of the air conditioning energy consumption difference and the building energy consumption difference is greater than the first set threshold is not met, it should be further determined whether the absolute value of the building energy consumption difference is less than or equal to the first set threshold:

[0044] Scenario 2: If not, it means that the energy savings from air conditioning exceed the increase in energy consumption from lighting. Curtain shading leads to energy savings from air conditioning, becoming the main contributor to building energy conservation. Although curtain shading may cause a certain increase in lighting energy consumption, since |-ΔPcl| is absolutely dominant in this scenario and much larger than ΔPlight, the total energy reduction ΔP when the curtains are open is the smallest among all possible states (i.e., the greatest energy saving), with energy savings of |-ΔPcl|.

[0045] Scenario 3: If so, it means the increase in electricity for lighting and the energy savings for air conditioning approximately offset each other. The difference in building energy consumption caused by curtain shading varies between positive and negative values ​​over time, and neither air conditioning nor lighting systems dominate building energy consumption. If the building energy consumption difference is less than zero, then curtain shading results in greater energy savings for air conditioning than for lighting, indicating that the net shading effect of curtains is energy-saving, but the energy savings are less than -δ. Therefore, choosing to open the curtains ensures this net energy saving benefit, with a minimum saving of |-ΔPcl|. If the building energy consumption difference is zero, then the increase in electricity for lighting and the energy savings for air conditioning completely offset each other, and the total energy consumption remains unchanged. Therefore, the instruction is to maintain the status quo to avoid unnecessary mechanical actions that generate operating energy consumption. If the building energy consumption difference is greater than zero, then curtain shading results in less energy savings for air conditioning than for lighting, indicating that the net shading effect of curtains is not energy-saving, but the increase in building energy consumption is less than δ. Therefore, choosing to close the curtains ensures that lighting energy consumption does not increase, thus reducing building energy consumption, with a minimum saving of ΔPlight.

[0046] Therefore, the second mode of the present invention accurately assesses building energy consumption through multiple parameters, and comprehensively judges whether the curtains are open or closed by the difference between lighting, air conditioning and building energy consumption, thereby ensuring that building energy consumption is minimized.

[0047] In some embodiments, the curtain system and the heat gain of the non-transparent enclosure structure are used for indoor heat transfer. The calculation methods include:

[0048] ;

[0049] In the formula, The overall heat transfer coefficient of the curtains. For the glass area, and The first The heat transfer coefficient and area of ​​a non-transparent building envelope. This represents the difference between outdoor and indoor air temperatures.

[0050] In some embodiments, the method for calculating the solar radiation heat gain in the room when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended includes:

[0051] ;

[0052] ;

[0053] In the formula, This refers to the amount of solar radiation heat received in the room when the curtains are fully retracted. The amount of heat gained by solar radiation in the room when the curtains are fully open; For curtain transmittance, The direct light transmittance of the window glass. The diffuse transmittance of the window glass. The illuminance of direct solar radiation on the facade. This refers to the diffuse solar radiation illuminance on the facade. The area of ​​the glass receiving direct radiation, in m². This represents the area of ​​the glass.

[0054] In some embodiments, the above-described curtain control method further includes the following steps:

[0055] With the goal of minimizing the difference between calculated and measured building energy consumption, a gradient descent algorithm is used to optimize the overall heat transfer coefficient of the curtains. and / or the power density coefficient of the lighting system Optimize;

[0056] The calculated building energy consumption includes the calculated building energy consumption when the curtains are closed and when the curtains are open. The calculated building energy consumption when the curtains are closed is equal to the sum of the room's lighting energy consumption and air conditioning energy consumption when the curtains are closed. The calculated building energy consumption when the curtains are open is equal to the sum of the room's lighting energy consumption and air conditioning energy consumption when the curtains are open.

[0057] Therefore, this invention uses an optimization algorithm to dynamically optimize the correlation coefficient, thereby ensuring the accuracy of building energy consumption calculations.

[0058] On the other hand, a curtain control system that balances visual comfort and energy saving is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above method.

[0059] This invention has at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0060] 1. By first eliminating window exposure ratios that cause glare and insufficient illumination, the optimal window exposure ratio with the lowest energy consumption is found, thus balancing visual comfort and energy saving.

[0061] 2. By setting different levels of sunlight glare probability thresholds, priority is given to ensuring high comfort; if there is no solution for high comfort, then a solution is sought in the acceptable range; if there is still no solution, then forced protection is triggered, that is, the curtains are fully opened, which facilitates the implementation of the project and parameter adjustment.

[0062] 3. By finding the optimal window exposure ratio within the set range, the control results are stable and repeatable, reducing the phenomenon of frequent switching between multiple intermediate opening degrees due to small disturbances. This not only improves the user experience and the lifespan of the actuator (fewer and more regular actions), but also reduces the risk of lighting switch jitter.

[0063] 4. A dual-mode control framework is adopted, which can switch between the first and second modes according to actual operational needs. The baseline mode (second mode) uses binary control logic, making decisions only between the fully extended and fully retracted curtain states, reducing computational burden and building energy consumption when the room is unoccupied. The comfort mode (first mode) further introduces discretization search on the basis of the baseline mode, progressively filtering different curtain retraction rates to balance visual comfort and building energy conservation. This dual-mode structure meets the needs of low computational cost operation while also accommodating the refined control requirements of occupied scenarios (rooms in use).

[0064] 5. The second mode uses multiple parameters to accurately assess building energy consumption. It uses the difference between lighting, air conditioning and building energy consumption to comprehensively determine whether the curtains are open or closed, thereby ensuring that building energy consumption is minimized. Attached Figure Description

[0065] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a curtain control method that balances visual comfort and energy efficiency in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 2 Candidate values ​​at different times in one embodiment of the present invention Corresponding Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) Indoor Daylight Illuminance ;

[0067] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of energy consumption values ​​of a typical summer day office building in an embodiment of the present invention under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 4 This invention provides the hourly energy consumption and energy saving rate of a typical summer day office building under the first control mode (Comfort Mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (Base Mode ECAM-E) compared to the traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM).

[0069] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the daylight uniformity (Uo) of a typical summer daytime office building in an embodiment of the present invention under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the probability of sunlight glare (DGP) in a typical summer day office building under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the mean radiant temperature (MRT) of a typical office building on a summer day in an embodiment of the present invention under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of indoor air temperature (tin) in a typical summer day office building under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0073] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] See Figure 1 A curtain control method that balances visual comfort and energy efficiency includes a first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and a second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E). The first control mode is activated when the room is occupied, and the second control mode is activated when the room is unoccupied.

[0076] The first control mode includes the following steps:

[0077] S11. Discretize the window exposure ratio within the range of 0% to 100% into multiple candidate values, and calculate the solar glare probability and indoor solar illuminance corresponding to each candidate value;

[0078] S12. Determine if there are candidate values ​​corresponding to a sunlight glare probability less than the first sunlight glare probability threshold and an indoor sunlight illuminance greater than or equal to the indoor sunlight illuminance threshold. If so, take the smallest candidate value that meets the conditions as the optimal value. If not, proceed to the next step.

[0079] S13. Determine if there are candidate values ​​corresponding to a sunlight glare probability greater than or equal to the first sunlight glare probability threshold and less than the second sunlight glare probability threshold, and an indoor sunlight illuminance greater than or equal to the indoor sunlight illuminance threshold; if so, take the smallest candidate value that meets the conditions as the optimal value; if not, control the curtains to be fully open.

[0080] When the window exposure ratio is 0%, the curtains are fully extended; when the window exposure ratio is 100%, the curtains are fully retracted.

[0081] Specifically, step S11 includes:

[0082] Calculate the probability of sunlight glare and the indoor illuminance when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted, respectively.

[0083] Based on the probability of sunlight glare and the indoor illuminance when the curtains are fully open and fully retracted, the probability of sunlight glare and the indoor illuminance corresponding to each candidate value are calculated using interpolation.

[0084] The calculation of the probability of sunlight glare when the curtains are fully open and fully retracted includes:

[0085] ;

[0086] ;

[0087] In the formula, , These represent the probability of sunlight glare when the curtains are fully extended and when they are fully retracted, respectively. , These are the vertical eye level illuminance values ​​when the curtains are fully open and fully retracted, respectively. , These are the times when the curtains are fully open and when they are fully retracted. The first glare source area The brightness of each discrete unit; , These are the times when the curtains are fully open and when they are fully retracted. The first glare source area The solid angle corresponding to each discrete element at the observation point; For the first The position index of a light source relative to the observer's line of sight.

[0088] Calculate the indoor daylight intensity when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted. include:

[0089] When the curtains are fully retracted, ;

[0090] When the curtains are fully open, ;

[0091] In the formula, For the glass area, The direct light transmittance of the window glass. The diffuse transmittance of the window glass. Direct sunlight illumination on the facade; For the diffuse illuminance of the facade, ρ n The area-weighted average reflectance of the room. This refers to the curtain's transmittance.

[0092] The specific steps are as follows:

[0093] S11. Discretize the window exposure ratio into a set. Calculate each The probability of sunlight glare (DGP) under indoor sunlight illuminance .in These are candidate values ​​for the discretized window exposure ratio. Calculate each... The probability of sunlight glare (DGP) under indoor sunlight illuminance The formula is as follows:

[0094] ;

[0095] ;

[0096] in , , These represent the probability of sunlight glare when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted, respectively. , These represent the indoor daylight intensity when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted, respectively.

[0097] S12. Construct a set of candidate solutions for the high comfort zone: Among them, the indoor sunlight illuminance threshold The value can be set to 300Lx. The first sunlight glare probability threshold can be set to 0.35, and the second sunlight glare probability threshold can be set to 0.40.

[0098] like The fact that the solution is not empty indicates the existence of a solution that eliminates both glare and the need for lights, representing the optimal value for minimizing air conditioning energy consumption (i.e., maximizing shading). Pick The minimum value in; if If empty, proceed to the next step;

[0099] S13. Construct a set of candidate solutions for the acceptable region: .

[0100] like If not empty, it means that a small amount of comfort needs to be sacrificed to avoid turning on the lights; this is the optimal value. Pick The minimum value in; if An empty value indicates that under the current operating conditions, it is impossible to meet the illuminance requirements while avoiding significant glare risks. To eliminate glare and reduce air conditioning energy consumption, a full curtain opening control command is output. ).

[0101] The second control mode includes the following steps:

[0102] S21. Determine whether the absolute value of the lighting energy consumption difference ΔPlight is greater than the air conditioning energy consumption difference ΔP cl If the absolute value of the building energy consumption difference ΔP is greater than the first set threshold, proceed to step S22; otherwise, proceed to step S23.

[0103] S22. Determine if the lighting energy consumption difference is zero; if yes, control the curtains to fully open; otherwise, control the curtains to fully retract. );

[0104] S23. Determine whether the absolute value of the building energy consumption difference is less than or equal to the first set threshold δ; if yes, proceed to step S24; if no, control the curtains to fully open. );

[0105] S24. If the building energy consumption difference is less than zero, control the curtains to be fully open; if the building energy consumption difference is equal to zero, control the curtains to remain in their current state; if the building energy consumption difference is greater than zero, control the curtains to be fully retracted.

[0106] Among them, the difference in lighting energy consumption is the difference between the lighting energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully retracted and the lighting energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully extended;

[0107] The air conditioning energy consumption difference is the difference between the air conditioning energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully retracted and the air conditioning energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully extended.

[0108] The building energy consumption difference is the sum of the lighting energy consumption difference and the air conditioning energy consumption difference;

[0109] indoor daylight illuminance Greater than the indoor daylight illuminance threshold At the same time, the room's lighting energy consumption is equal to the value when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended. Otherwise, all values ​​are equal to zero;

[0110] Air conditioning energy consumption in the room when the curtains are fully retracted ;

[0111] Room air conditioning energy consumption when curtains are fully open ;

[0112] In the formula, The power density coefficient of the lighting system. For room area, For heat transfer in interior spaces, such as curtain systems and non-transparent building envelopes. , These figures represent the amount of solar radiation heat gained in the room when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended, respectively. , These are the heat dissipation of the room's lighting system when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended, respectively. This refers to the air conditioner's energy efficiency ratio.

[0113] Among them, the heat dissipation of the room's lighting system when the curtains are closed. Heat dissipation from the room's lighting system when the curtains are open Calculate using the following formula:

[0114] ;

[0115] ;

[0116] In the formula, The overall convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the lamp tube is denoted as . This refers to the heat dissipation surface area of ​​the lamp tube. , The light tube temperatures, in °C, are when the curtains are closed and open, respectively. , These represent the indoor air temperature when the curtains are closed and open, respectively.

[0117] Curtain systems and heat transfer in interior spaces through non-transparent building envelopes The calculation methods include:

[0118] ;

[0119] In the formula, The overall heat transfer coefficient of the curtains. For the glass area, and The first The heat transfer coefficient and area of ​​a non-transparent building envelope. This represents the difference between outdoor and indoor air temperatures.

[0120] The methods for calculating the solar radiation heat gain in a room when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended include:

[0121] ;

[0122] ;

[0123] In the formula, This refers to the amount of solar radiation heat received in the room when the curtains are fully retracted. The amount of heat gained by solar radiation in the room when the curtains are fully open; For curtain transmittance, The direct light transmittance of the window glass. The diffuse transmittance of the window glass. The illuminance of direct solar radiation on the facade. This refers to the diffuse solar radiation illuminance on the facade. The area of ​​the glass receiving direct radiation, in m². This represents the area of ​​the glass.

[0124] Taking the fourth-floor office as an example, located in a region with hot summers and cold winters, facing west. The room dimensions are 7.6m × 3.7m × 3.4m (L × W × H); it has two single-pane exterior windows, each measuring 2.2m × 1.5m × 0.02m (L × W × H). g The room is equipped with an electric lighting system. The room area is A. in =28.1m²; Indoor area weighted average reflectance ρ m =68%; Window glass area A g =3.3m², heat transfer coefficient K g =2.1 W / m 2 K, direct transmittance ε g,dir =70%, scattering transmittance ε g,dif =75%; Curtain transmittance ε=38%, reflectance ρ=57%, absorptivity α=5%; Air conditioner energy efficiency ratio COP=3.2, indoor target illuminance E set =300Lx, first set threshold δ=5%, learning rate ƞ=0.01.

[0125] As a preferred embodiment, before step S11, the following steps are included: determining whether the curtain is in a fully retracted state; if so, maintaining the fully retracted state; if not, proceeding to step S11.

[0126] As a preferred embodiment, the above method further includes the following steps:

[0127] With the goal of minimizing the difference between calculated and measured building energy consumption, a gradient descent algorithm is used to optimize the overall heat transfer coefficient of curtains. and / or the power density coefficient of the lighting system Optimize;

[0128] The calculated building energy consumption includes the calculated building energy consumption when the curtains are closed and when the curtains are open. The calculated building energy consumption when the curtains are closed is equal to the sum of the room's lighting energy consumption and air conditioning energy consumption when the curtains are closed. The calculated building energy consumption when the curtains are open is equal to the sum of the room's lighting energy consumption and air conditioning energy consumption when the curtains are open.

[0129] Specifically, the gradient descent algorithm is used to apply the specific physical parameter vector in the above formula. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the curtains and / or the power density coefficient of the lighting system are fine-tuned online, a process that can be viewed as a parameter calibration training for the physical model. The goal is to minimize the difference between the model-predicted energy consumption and the measured energy consumption.

[0130] The training data is not an offline historical dataset, but rather a continuous time-series data stream collected in real time. Each data sample contains the model's predicted building energy consumption under specific environmental conditions. and actual building energy consumption Parameter vector The initial values ​​are set based on the nominal parameters of the building design and curtain materials, providing a reasonable starting point for subsequent online optimization. The training process is a continuous online learning loop, with the following steps:

[0131] (1) Data collection: During normal operation, the system continuously collects data. Energy consumption data pairs at each time step ( , ).

[0132] (2) Loss calculation: Calculate the current parameters according to the following formula. The following loss function values:

[0133] ;

[0134] In the formula, For the first The predicted building energy consumption value, W, at the next iteration; The actual building energy consumption value collected, in W; This represents the number of data samples.

[0135] (3) Gradient calculation and parameter update: Calculate the loss function relative to the parameters The gradient is calculated, and the parameters are updated according to the following formula:

[0136] ;

[0137] In the formula, The learning rate controls the speed at which the model updates.

[0138] (4) Iteration and Convergence: The above steps are executed cyclically. When the loss function... Once the loss value falls within the preset tolerance range, or the change in loss value becomes negligible after multiple iterations, the parameters can be considered to have converged, and the model has completed one round of calibration. The system will continuously monitor the loss value and restart the optimization process if the deviation increases.

[0139] Figure 2 Showing candidate values ​​at different times Corresponding Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) Indoor Daylight Illuminance .

[0140] Figure 3 The paper presents a comparison of energy consumption values ​​for a typical summer day in an office building under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of this invention. The results show that TCAM, due to long-term full shading, leads to a significant increase in artificial lighting energy consumption during certain periods. In contrast, ECAM-C, by optimizing the introduction of natural lighting, can effectively reduce lighting energy consumption.

[0141] Figure 4 This study demonstrates the hourly energy savings and energy efficiency of a typical summer office building compared to the traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM) under the first control mode (Comfort Mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (Baseline Mode ECAM-E). Under west-facing, high lighting power density conditions, ECAM-C achieves a peak hourly energy saving rate of 45%–55% compared to TCAM, with a cumulative daily energy saving of up to 7255.8 Wh.

[0142] Figure 5 The diagram shows a comparison of daylight uniformity (Uo) of a typical summer day office building under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of this invention.

[0143] Figure 6 The diagram shows a comparison of the probability of daylight glare (DGP) of a typical summer day in an office building under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of this invention.

[0144] Figure 7The diagram shows a comparison of the mean radiant temperature (MRT) of a typical summer day office building under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of this invention.

[0145] Figure 8 The diagram shows a comparison of indoor air temperature (tin) in a typical summer office building under the following conditions: no curtains, traditional curtain adjustment method (TCAM), the first control mode (comfort mode ECAM-C) and the second control mode (baseline mode ECAM-E) of this invention.

[0146] The results show that, regarding the lighting environment, while TCAM can reduce the risk of glare, it leads to low light uniformity (Uo < 0.1), easily causing uneven distribution of light and dark indoors. In contrast, the ECAM-C strategy of this invention can control DGP at a low level and improve light uniformity to 0.22–0.30, thus improving the distribution of natural indoor lighting. Regarding the thermal environment, compared to MRT (Moonlight Reduction) which can rise to 31.6°C without curtains, ECAM-C effectively suppresses radiant heat load through partial shading, improving both visual and thermal comfort.

[0147] Example 2

[0148] A curtain control system that balances visual comfort and energy efficiency includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described above.

[0149] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0150] Similarly, it should be understood that, in order to streamline this disclosure and aid in understanding one or more of the various aspects of the invention, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this method of disclosure should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the claims, inventive aspects lie in fewer than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into that detailed description, wherein each claim itself is a separate embodiment of the invention.

[0151] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules, units, or groups of devices in the examples disclosed herein can be arranged in the device as described in this embodiment, or alternatively, can be located in one or more devices different from the device in this example. The modules in the foregoing examples can be combined into a single module or, in addition, can be divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0152] Those skilled in the art will understand that modules in the device of the embodiments can be adaptively changed and placed in one or more devices different from that embodiment. Modules, units, or groups in the embodiments can be combined into a single module, unit, or group, and further, they can be divided into multiple sub-modules, sub-units, or sub-groups. Except where at least some of such features and / or processes or units are mutually exclusive, any combination can be used to combine all features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) and all processes or units of any method or device so disclosed. Unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by an alternative feature that serves the same, equivalent, or similar purpose.

[0153] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments.

[0154] Furthermore, some of the embodiments described herein are methods or combinations of method elements that can be implemented by a processor of a computer system or by other means of performing the functions. Therefore, a processor having the necessary instructions for implementing the methods or method elements forms means for implementing the methods or method elements. Furthermore, the elements described herein in the apparatus embodiments are examples of means for implementing the functions performed by elements for the purposes of carrying out the invention.

[0155] The various techniques described herein can be implemented in combination with hardware or software, or a combination thereof. Thus, the methods and apparatus of the present invention, or certain aspects or portions thereof, can take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embedded in a tangible medium, such as a floppy disk, CD-ROM, hard disk, or any other machine-readable storage medium, wherein when the program is loaded into and executed by a machine such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the present invention.

[0156] When the program code is executed on a programmable computer, the computing device generally includes a processor, a processor-readable storage medium (including volatile and non-volatile memory and / or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. The memory is configured to store program code; the processor is configured to execute the method of the present invention according to instructions in the program code stored in the memory.

[0157] By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media include computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media stores information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Communication media generally embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in the form of modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and includes any information delivery medium. Any combination of the above is also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0158] As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the use of ordinal numbers such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to describe ordinary objects merely indicates different instances of similar objects and is not intended to imply that the objects being described must have a given order in time, space, ordering, or any other manner.

[0159] Although the invention has been described with reference to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand from the foregoing description that other embodiments are conceivable within the scope of the invention described herein. Furthermore, it should be noted that the language used in this specification has been chosen primarily for readability and instructional purposes, and not for the purpose of interpreting or limiting the subject matter of the invention. Therefore, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. The disclosure of the invention is illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

[0160] Finally, it should be noted that this invention does not explain in detail the common knowledge recognized by those skilled in the art. The above description is only a specific embodiment of this invention and is not intended to limit this invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A curtain control method that balances visual comfort and energy efficiency, characterized in that, Including the first control mode; The first control mode includes the following steps: S11. Discretize the window exposure ratio within the range of 0% to 100% into multiple candidate values, and calculate the solar glare probability and indoor solar illuminance corresponding to each candidate value; S12. Determine if there are candidate values ​​corresponding to a sunlight glare probability less than the first sunlight glare probability threshold and an indoor sunlight illuminance greater than or equal to the indoor sunlight illuminance threshold. If so, take the smallest candidate value that meets the conditions as the optimal value. If not, proceed to the next step. S13. Determine if there are candidate values ​​corresponding to a sunlight glare probability greater than or equal to the first sunlight glare probability threshold and less than the second sunlight glare probability threshold, and an indoor sunlight illuminance greater than or equal to the indoor sunlight illuminance threshold; if so, take the smallest candidate value that meets the conditions as the optimal value; if not, control the curtains to be fully open. The curtains are fully extended when the window exposure ratio is 0%, and fully retracted when the window exposure ratio is 100%.

2. The curtain control method that balances visual comfort and energy saving according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S11 includes: Calculate the probability of sunlight glare and the indoor illuminance when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted, respectively. Based on the probability of sunlight glare and the indoor illuminance when the curtains are fully open and fully retracted, the probability of sunlight glare and the indoor illuminance corresponding to each candidate value are calculated using interpolation.

3. The curtain control method that balances visual comfort and energy saving according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation of the probability of sunlight glare when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted includes: ； ； In the formula, , These represent the probability of sunlight glare when the curtains are fully extended and when they are fully retracted, respectively. , These are the vertical eye level illuminance values ​​when the curtains are fully open and fully retracted, respectively. , These are the times when the curtains are fully open and when they are fully retracted. The first glare source area The brightness of each discrete unit; , These are the times when the curtains are fully open and when they are fully retracted. The first glare source area The solid angle corresponding to each discrete element at the observation point; For the first The position index of a light source relative to the observer's line of sight.

4. The curtain control method according to claim 2 or 3, which balances visual comfort and energy saving, is characterized in that... Calculate the indoor daylight intensity when the curtains are fully extended and fully retracted. include: When the curtains are fully retracted, ; When the curtains are fully open, ; In the formula, For the glass area, The direct light transmittance of the window glass. The diffuse transmittance of the window glass. Direct sunlight illumination on the facade; For the diffuse illuminance of the facade, ρ n The area-weighted average reflectance of the room. This refers to the curtain's transmittance.

5. The curtain control method according to claim 1, which balances visual comfort and energy saving, is characterized in that, Before step S11, the process includes: determining whether the curtain is in a fully retracted state; if yes, then maintaining the fully retracted state; if no, then proceeding to step S11.

6. The curtain control method according to any one of claims 1-3, which balances visual comfort and energy saving, is characterized in that, It includes a second control mode; the first control mode is activated when the room is occupied, and the second control mode is activated when the room is unoccupied; The second control mode includes the following steps: S21. Determine whether the absolute value of the lighting energy consumption difference is greater than the absolute value of the air conditioning energy consumption difference and whether the building energy consumption difference is greater than the first set threshold; if yes, proceed to step S22; if no, proceed to step S23. S22. Determine if the difference in lighting energy consumption is zero; if yes, control the curtains to fully open; otherwise, control the curtains to fully retract. S23. Determine whether the absolute value of the building energy consumption difference is less than or equal to the first set threshold; if so, proceed to step S24. If not, then fully open the curtains; S24. If the building energy consumption difference is less than zero, then control the curtains to be fully extended; If the building's energy consumption difference is zero, then the curtains will remain in their current state. If the building's energy consumption difference is greater than zero, the curtains will be fully retracted. Among them, the difference in lighting energy consumption is the difference between the lighting energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully retracted and the lighting energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully extended; The air conditioning energy consumption difference is the difference between the air conditioning energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully retracted and the air conditioning energy consumption of the room when the curtains are fully extended. The building energy consumption difference is the sum of the lighting energy consumption difference and the air conditioning energy consumption difference; indoor daylight illuminance Greater than the indoor daylight illuminance threshold At the same time, the room's lighting energy consumption is equal to the value when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended. Otherwise, all values ​​are equal to zero; Air conditioning energy consumption in the room when the curtains are fully retracted ; Room air conditioning energy consumption when curtains are fully open ; In the formula, The power density coefficient of the lighting system. For room area, For heat transfer in interior spaces, such as curtain systems and non-transparent building envelopes. , These figures represent the amount of solar radiation heat gained in the room when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended, respectively. , These are the heat dissipation of the room's lighting system when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended, respectively. This refers to the air conditioner's energy efficiency ratio.

7. The curtain control method that balances visual comfort and energy saving according to claim 6, characterized in that: The indoor heat transfer and heat gain of the curtain system and non-transparent enclosure structure The calculation methods include: ； In the formula, The overall heat transfer coefficient of the curtains. For the glass area, and The first The heat transfer coefficient and area of ​​the non-transparent building envelope. This represents the difference between outdoor air temperature and indoor air temperature.

8. The curtain control method according to claim 6, which balances visual comfort and energy saving, is characterized in that: The method for calculating the solar radiation heat gain in the room when the curtains are fully retracted and fully extended includes: ； ； In the formula, This refers to the amount of solar radiation heat received in the room when the curtains are fully retracted. The amount of heat gained by solar radiation in the room when the curtains are fully open; For curtain transmittance, The direct light transmittance of the window glass. The diffuse transmittance of the window glass. The illuminance of direct solar radiation on the facade. This refers to the diffuse solar radiation illuminance on the facade. The area of ​​the glass receiving direct radiation, in m². This represents the area of ​​the glass.

9. The curtain control method according to claim 7, which balances visual comfort and energy saving, is characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: With the goal of minimizing the difference between calculated and measured building energy consumption, a gradient descent algorithm is used to optimize the overall heat transfer coefficient of the curtains. and / or the power density coefficient of the lighting system Optimize; The calculated building energy consumption includes the calculated building energy consumption when the curtains are closed and when the curtains are open. The calculated building energy consumption when the curtains are closed is equal to the sum of the room's lighting energy consumption and air conditioning energy consumption when the curtains are closed. The calculated building energy consumption when the curtains are open is equal to the sum of the room's lighting energy consumption and air conditioning energy consumption when the curtains are open.

10. A curtain control system that balances visual comfort and energy efficiency, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-9.

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