Excess parameter calculation method and device for rectangular engineering

Abstract

This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for calculating excess parameters in rectangular engineering projects, relating to the field of measurement technology. The method includes: determining the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section based on the design drawings, and calculating the design excavation volume per unit length; determining the allowable radial over-excavation value for the rectangular engineering design based on technical specifications, and increasing the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section outward by twice the radial over-excavation value in each direction to obtain the actual excavation length and width including the over-excavation range, and calculating the actual excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering project; determining the difference between the actual excavation volume and the design excavation volume as the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering project; and determining the ratio of the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering project to the design excavation volume per unit length as the over-excavation rate of the rectangular engineering project. Based on this technical solution, the over-excavation rate of rectangular engineering projects can be accurately calculated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of measurement technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for calculating excess parameters in rectangular engineering projects. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of underground caverns in hydropower projects, tunnel excavation is often affected by blasting or mechanical excavation techniques, resulting in an actual excavated cross-section that exceeds the designed excavation cross-section, leading to over-excavation. Correspondingly, during the lining concrete construction, the over-excavated space needs to be filled with concrete, resulting in over-filling. The over-excavation rate and over-filling rate are key parameters for compiling tunnel excavation and lining unit prices, directly affecting the accuracy of project investment documents and the rationality of construction cost accounting. Therefore, it is necessary to establish corresponding calculation methods for over-excavation and over-filling rates for tunnels with different cross-sectional types.

[0003] Currently, the hydropower industry has established methods for calculating the over-excavation and over-fill rates for circular and arch-shaped tunnels. For circular tunnels, the over-excavation and over-fill rates are determined using the designed excavation radius as the geometric parameter. For arch-shaped tunnels, the over-excavation and over-fill rates are determined using the designed excavation bottom width and the central angle of the arch as the geometric parameters.

[0004] However, the above calculation methods are not applicable to the calculation of over-excavation and over-fill rates for rectangular projects such as rectangular cross-section tunnels and rectangular cross-section shafts. When over-excavation of a rectangular cross-section extends uniformly outward along the perimeter, the change in cross-sectional area differs fundamentally from that of circular or archway-shaped cross-sections, and cannot be described using parameters such as radius or central angle. The industry lacks a clear calculation method for over-excavation and over-fill rates in rectangular projects, forcing cost estimators to rely on empirical data from circular or archway-shaped cross-sections for estimation. This makes it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the calculation results, posing challenges to investment planning and construction cost accounting for rectangular projects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this disclosure provides a method and apparatus for calculating excess parameters of rectangular projects, which can accurately calculate the over-excavation rate of rectangular projects.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular engineering project is provided. The method includes: determining the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section based on the design drawings of the rectangular engineering project; calculating the design excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering project based on the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section; the rectangular engineering project includes a rectangular cross-section tunnel project excavated horizontally or a rectangular cross-section shaft project excavated vertically; determining the allowable radial over-excavation value of the rectangular engineering project according to technical specifications; increasing the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section by twice the radial over-excavation value in each direction to obtain the actual excavation length and width including the over-excavation range; calculating the actual excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering project; determining the difference between the actual excavation volume and the design excavation volume as the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering project; and determining the ratio of the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering project to the design excavation volume per unit length as the over-excavation rate of the rectangular engineering project.

[0007] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an over-excavation parameter calculation device for a rectangular engineering project is provided. The device includes: a design excavation volume determination module, an actual excavation volume determination module, an additional excavation volume determination module, and an over-excavation rate determination module. The design excavation volume determination module is used to determine the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section based on the design drawings of the rectangular engineering project, and to calculate the design excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering project based on the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section. The rectangular engineering project includes a rectangular cross-section tunnel project excavated horizontally or a rectangular cross-section shaft project excavated vertically. The actual excavation volume... The quantity determination module is used to determine the allowable radial over-excavation value according to the technical specifications. It adds twice the radial over-excavation value to the designed excavation length and width of the rectangular project cross-section in each direction to obtain the actual excavation length and width including the over-excavation range, and calculates the actual excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project. The additional excavation volume determination module is used to determine the difference between the actual excavation volume and the designed excavation volume as the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project. The over-excavation rate determination module is used to determine the ratio of the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project to the designed excavation volume per unit length as the over-excavation rate of the rectangular project.

[0008] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project as described in the first aspect.

[0009] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and computer-readable instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project as described in the first aspect.

[0010] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: In this embodiment, a calculation system for the over-excavation rate of rectangular engineering projects is constructed using the designed excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section as core parameters. In engineering practice, construction personnel only need to obtain the length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section from the design drawings and determine the allowable radial over-excavation value from the technical specifications to quickly calculate the over-excavation ratio generated during the excavation process. This calculation method directly fills the industry gap where existing circular cross-section algorithms and archway-shaped cross-section algorithms cannot be applied to rectangular engineering cross-sections. This provides a clear quantitative basis for the investment preparation and cost accounting of rectangular engineering projects, accurately reflecting the actual over-excavation state of the rectangular engineering cross-section after blasting or mechanical excavation. It provides effective support for the contracting party to reasonably determine the excavation unit price and for the contractor to accurately calculate the excavation cost.

[0011] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for calculating excess parameters in a rectangular project, as provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation cross-section of a rectangular project provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a rectangular engineering cross-section for a direct lining condition provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a rectangular engineering cross-section for a shotcrete-lined lining construction method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a hardware structure diagram of a computer device containing the excess parameter calculation device for a rectangular project provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an excess parameter calculation device for a rectangular project provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0020] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0021] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0022] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail.

[0023] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for calculating excess parameters in a rectangular project, as provided in this embodiment of the disclosure, is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps S101 to S104.

[0024] S101. Based on the design drawings of the rectangular project, determine the design excavation length and width of the rectangular project cross section, and calculate the design excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project based on the design excavation length and width of the rectangular project cross section.

[0025] Rectangular projects include horizontally excavated rectangular cross-section tunnel projects or vertically excavated rectangular cross-section shaft projects.

[0026] Specifically, the cross-section of a rectangular project refers to the cross-section of a tunnel or shaft with a rectangular excavation outline. The length and width of the designed excavation can be directly read from the design drawings.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an excavation cross-section of a rectangular project provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, This represents the design excavation length of the cross-section of a rectangular project. This represents the design excavation width of the cross-section of a rectangular project. This represents the radial overcut value, which is the difference between the allowable overcut line and the design excavation line.

[0028] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this disclosure, each calculation step is performed on a rectangular cross-section tunnel or rectangular cross-section shaft of unit length. When the calculation object is a unit length selected along the axial direction, the quantity (volume) of the project of that unit length segment is numerically equal to its cross-sectional area. The unit length is usually taken as 1 meter, selected along the axial direction of the tunnel or shaft, to facilitate the calculation of the quantity of work and the docking with the quota unit.

[0029] For ease of understanding, the following descriptions of each calculation step use the interchangeable terms "design excavation volume" and "design excavation cross-sectional area", "actual excavation volume" and "actual excavation cross-sectional area", and "additional excavation volume" and "additional excavation cross-sectional area", all of which refer to the amount of work or cross-sectional area per unit length.

[0030] For example, the design excavation volume per unit length can be calculated based on the design excavation length and width, and the following formula (1).

[0031] ;Formula (1) in, This represents the design excavation volume per unit length for a rectangular project. This indicates the design excavation length for a rectangular engineering section. This indicates the design excavation width for a rectangular engineering section. The design excavation volume per unit length is equal to the design excavation cross-sectional area of ​​the rectangular engineering section.

[0032] S102. Determine the allowable radial over-excavation value for rectangular engineering designs according to technical specifications. Increase the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering section by twice the radial over-excavation value in each direction to obtain the actual excavation length and width including the over-excavation range, and calculate the actual excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering.

[0033] It should be noted that the radial overcut value refers to the allowable overcut value along the radial direction outward from the perimeter of the excavation section as specified in the technical specifications. This overcut occurs uniformly in all directions of the perimeter of the section.

[0034] It is understandable that there are two opposing walls in both the length and width directions of a rectangular engineering section, and each wall causes radial over-excavation. The actual excavation length and width are the designed excavation length and width, respectively, plus twice the radial over-excavation value.

[0035] For example, the actual excavation volume per unit length of a rectangular project can be calculated based on the actual excavation length and width of the rectangular project cross section, and the following formula (2).

[0036] ;Formula (2) in, Indicates the radial over-excavation value. Indicates the actual length of the excavation. This indicates the actual width of the excavation. This represents the actual excavation volume per unit length. The actual excavation volume per unit length is numerically equal to the actual excavated cross-sectional area of ​​the rectangular engineering section.

[0037] For example, for a rectangular cross-section shaft, the design generally allows for over-excavation of about 0.2m radially, so the radial over-excavation value can be taken as 0.2m.

[0038] S103. The difference between the actual excavation volume and the designed excavation volume shall be determined as the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project.

[0039] Understandably, the additional excavation volume reflects the actual increase in the amount of work due to over-excavation.

[0040] For example, the additional excavation volume per unit length due to over-excavation can be calculated based on the actual excavation volume, the designed excavation volume, and the following formula (3).

[0041] ; Formula (3) in, This indicates the additional amount of excavation caused by over-excavation.

[0042] It should be noted that the additional excavation volume caused by over-excavation is equal to the actual excavated cross-sectional area of ​​the rectangular engineering section minus the designed excavated cross-sectional area of ​​the rectangular engineering section.

[0043] S104. The ratio of the extra excavation per unit length of a rectangular project to the designed excavation per unit length is determined as the over-excavation rate of the rectangular project.

[0044] For example, the overbreak ratio of a rectangular project can be calculated based on the additional excavation per unit length of the rectangular project, the design excavation per unit length, and the formula (4) below.

[0045] ;Formula (4) in, This indicates the over-excavation rate of a rectangular project.

[0046] It should be noted that in practical applications, the over-excavation rate of a rectangular project can also be calculated directly based on the design excavation length, width, radial over-excavation value, and formula (4) of the rectangular project cross section.

[0047] To verify the accuracy of the above over-excavation rate calculation method, this disclosure selects a design excavation cross-sectional area of ​​10~150m². 2 Seven typical rectangular engineering sections were used for verification, with the radial over-excavation value x taken as 0.2m. The calculation results were compared and analyzed with the reference values ​​in the "Estimated Cost Quota for Hydropower Construction Projects (2025 Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as "Quota"). The verification results are listed in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1 - Verification Table of Over-excavation Rate Calculation Results for Rectangular Section Vertical Shafts As shown in Table 1, for the seven selected typical cross-sections, as the designed excavation cross-sectional area increased from 10 m² to 150 m², the over-excavation rate gradually decreased from 26.93% to 6.64%, reflecting the decreasing trend of over-excavation rate with increasing cross-sectional size. Converting the over-excavation rate of rectangular cross-section shafts into a unit quantity of ballast transportation, the ballast transportation volume calculated using the formula in this disclosure for the seven selected typical cross-sections showed a very small deviation from the corresponding quota ballast transportation volume, indicating that calculating the over-excavation rate of rectangular cross-section shafts using the calculation method and formula proposed in this disclosure is appropriate.

[0049] Based on this scheme, a calculation system for the over-excavation rate of rectangular engineering projects was constructed, using the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section as core parameters. In engineering practice, construction personnel only need to obtain the length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section from the design drawings and determine the allowable radial over-excavation value from the technical specifications to quickly calculate the over-excavation ratio generated during the excavation process. This calculation method directly fills the industry gap where existing circular cross-section algorithms and portal-shaped cross-section algorithms cannot be applied to rectangular engineering cross-sections. It provides a clear quantitative basis for the investment preparation and cost accounting of rectangular cross-section tunnel and shaft excavation projects, accurately reflecting the actual over-excavation state of the rectangular engineering cross-section after blasting or mechanical excavation. This provides effective support for the contracting party to reasonably determine the excavation unit price and for the contractor to accurately calculate the excavation cost.

[0050] Optionally, in the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure, after S103 above, S105 to S108 may also be included.

[0051] S105. Determine the thickness of the lining for the rectangular project according to the design drawings.

[0052] S106. Determine the design lining filling volume per unit length based on the design excavation volume, the design excavation length and width, and the lining thickness.

[0053] The design lining filling volume indicates the theoretical filling volume of lining concrete per unit length calculated according to the design drawings.

[0054] S107. Calculate the overfill per unit length of the rectangular project based on the target lining conditions.

[0055] Optionally, the target lining condition is either direct lining or shotcrete followed by lining.

[0056] S108. Determine the overfill rate under the target lining condition based on the designed lining filling volume and overfill volume.

[0057] The overfill rate indicates the ratio of the additional lining fill volume caused by over-excavation to the designed lining fill volume.

[0058] Based on this scheme, the intermediate results of the calculated additional excavation volume can be used to further derive the calculation of the overfill rate. This can extend the engineering quantity calculation from the excavation stage to the support stage, fully covering the cost control needs of the entire process from excavation to support in tunnel or shaft construction, and avoiding the deviation in the connection of engineering quantity data caused by using different calculation models for over-excavation rate and overfill rate.

[0059] Optionally, in the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned S107 may specifically include S107a.

[0060] S107a. When the target lining condition is direct lining, the additional excavation amount shall be taken as the overfill amount per unit length.

[0061] Figure 3 A rectangular engineering cross-section schematic diagram of a direct lining condition provided in this disclosure embodiment is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the concrete lining line is located inside the design excavation line. This indicates the lining thickness, which is the distance between the concrete lining line and the designed excavation line.

[0062] For example, the lining volume per unit length can be calculated based on the design excavation volume, the design excavation length and width, the lining thickness, and the following formula (5).

[0063] ;Formula (5) in, Indicates the lining thickness. Indicates the length after lining. Indicates the width after lining. This represents the volume per unit length after lining. The value of the volume per unit length after lining is equal to the value of the cross-sectional area after concrete lining.

[0064] The design lining volume per unit length is calculated based on the design excavation volume per unit length, the lining volume per unit length, and the following formula (6).

[0065] ; Formula (6) in, It represents the design lining filling volume per unit length, which is numerically equal to the design excavation cross-sectional area of ​​the rectangular engineering section minus the cross-sectional area after concrete lining.

[0066] It should be noted that in direct lining, shotcrete is not applied after excavation; instead, lining concrete is poured directly onto the excavation surface. Due to the lack of a shotcrete layer for filling, the extra space created by over-excavation is entirely filled by the lining concrete; therefore, the overfill volume equals the extra excavation volume. The extra excavation volume can be considered as the overfill volume, and the overfill rate for direct lining can be determined based on the overfill volume and the designed lining filling volume.

[0067] In the case of direct lining, the overfill is equal to the overexcavation.

[0068] For example, the overfill ratio for direct lining can be calculated based on the additional excavation volume, the designed lining fill volume, and the following formula (7).

[0069] ; Formula (7) in, This indicates the overfill rate in direct lining conditions.

[0070] To verify the accuracy of the overfill rate calculation method for direct lining conditions, a design excavation cross-sectional area of ​​10~150m² was selected. 2 The lining thickness of 15 lining sections in 5 typical cross sections was verified, with the radial over-excavation value x taken as 0.2m. The calculation results were compared and analyzed with the reference value of the quota. The verification results are listed in Table 2.

[0071] Table 2 - Verification of Overfill Rate Calculation Results for Direct Lining of Rectangular Section Vertical Shafts As shown in Table 2, for the 15 lining thicknesses across the 5 selected typical cross-sections, the overfill rate decreases with increasing lining thickness for the same cross-section, and also decreases with increasing cross-sectional dimensions for the same lining thickness. For directly lined rectangular shafts, the overfill rate plus a reasonable construction allowance is converted into the unit quantity of the quota, which is the concrete transportation volume. The concrete transportation volume calculated using the formula in this disclosure is completely consistent with the corresponding quota concrete transportation volume, indicating that the calculation method and formula proposed in this disclosure are appropriate for calculating the overfill rate of directly lining rectangular shafts.

[0072] Based on this scheme, for direct lining conditions, construction personnel can directly calculate the ratio of the additional concrete required due to over-excavation to the designed lining fill volume, given the designed excavation length, width, radial over-excavation value, and lining thickness. In practical engineering, direct lining is a common construction method for rectangular cross-section shafts. Existing calculation methods for circular and archway-shaped cross-sections are completely ineffective for rectangular cross-sections, leading to a lack of basis for cost estimators when compiling unit prices for rectangular cross-section shaft linings. They often have to rely on experience, which can easily cause investment deviations. This scheme directly maps the over-excavation area to the over-fill area using a rectangular geometric model. The calculation process does not require additional correction parameters, and the calculation results highly match the reference values. This provides an accurate quantitative tool for concrete preparation planning, lining unit price compilation, and cost accounting for rectangular cross-section shafts under direct lining conditions.

[0073] Optionally, in the method for calculating excess parameters of rectangular projects provided in this disclosure, the above-mentioned S107 may specifically include S107b1 to S107b3.

[0074] S107b1. When the target lining condition is shotcrete first and then lining, determine the thickness of the shotcrete according to the design drawings.

[0075] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a rectangular engineering cross-section for a shotcrete-first, lining-latched construction method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, from the inside out, the lines are: concrete lining line, design excavation line, shotcrete line, and allowable over-excavation line. The shotcrete thickness is the distance between the shotcrete line and the allowable over-excavation line. From the outside in, the area of ​​the first layer of loop-shaped areas represents the amount of shotcrete per unit length, the area of ​​the second layer of loop-shaped areas represents the amount of overfill per unit length, and the area of ​​the third layer of loop-shaped areas represents the amount of design lining fill per unit length.

[0076] It should be noted that, according to the "Estimated Quota for Hydropower Construction Projects (2025 Edition)", when calculating the overfill rate of rectangular cross-section vertical shafts that are first shotcreted and then lined, the preferred value for the shotcrete thickness δ is 0.06m.

[0077] S107b2. Determine the amount of shotcrete per unit length based on the actual excavation volume, the actual excavation length and width, and the thickness of the shotcrete.

[0078] For example, the volume of shotcrete per unit length can be determined based on formula (8) using the actual excavation volume, the actual excavation length and width, and the thickness of the shotcrete calculated according to formula (2).

[0079] ; Formula (8) in, Indicates the thickness of the sprayed concrete. It represents the volume of sprayed concrete per unit length, and is numerically equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the sprayed concrete.

[0080] The amount of sprayed concrete per unit length is determined by the actual excavation volume calculated by formula (2), the volume of sprayed concrete calculated by formula (8), and the following formula (9).

[0081] ; Formula (9) S107b3. Determine the overfill amount under the condition of shotcrete first and lining later based on the additional excavation volume and the shotcrete volume per unit length.

[0082] It is understandable that in the case of shotcrete followed by lining, the extra space created by over-excavation is partially filled by the shotcrete layer, and the remainder is filled by the lining concrete. Therefore, the overfill amount equals the extra excavation amount per unit length minus the shotcrete amount per unit length.

[0083] ; Formula (10) in, This indicates the amount of excess material.

[0084] For example, the design lining filling volume per unit length can be calculated based on the above formula (6).

[0085] Based on the overfill per unit length, the design lining filling per unit length, and the following formula (11), the overfill rate for the case of shotcrete first and then lining is calculated.

[0086] ; Formula (11) in, This indicates the overfill rate in the case of shotcrete followed by lining.

[0087] Based on this scheme, for the more complex construction process of shotcreting followed by lining, construction personnel can sequentially calculate the area occupied by the shotcrete layer and the remaining overfill area to obtain an accurate overfill rate. In large-scale hydropower projects such as pumped storage power stations, rectangular cross-section shafts often require initial shotcreting support followed by concrete lining, and the quantities of both processes must be included in the cost estimate. Existing calculation methods cannot handle the overfill rate calculation for rectangular projects with multiple overlapping processes, resulting in a lack of basis for the division of shotcrete and lining concrete quantities. This scheme obtains the true overfill area of ​​the lining stage by deducting the area of ​​the shotcrete layer from the actual excavation cross-section, making the division of the quantities of shotcrete and lining concrete clear and reliable. The calculated lining concrete transportation volume has a high degree of consistency with the quota reference value, providing reliable theoretical support for the calculation of investment for rectangular cross-section shaft lining projects that include the shotcrete process.

[0088] To verify the accuracy of the overfill rate calculation method for the case of shotcrete pre-lining followed by lining, a design excavation cross-sectional area of ​​10~150m² was selected. 2 The lining thickness of 15 lining sections in 5 typical cross-sections was verified. The radial over-excavation value was taken as 0.2m, and the shotcrete thickness δ was taken as 0.06m. The calculation results were compared and analyzed with the reference values ​​of the quota. The verification results are listed in Table 3.

[0089] Table 3 - Verification of Overfill Rate Calculation Results for Shotcrete Lining of Rectangular Section Vertical Shafts As shown in Table 3, for the 15 lining thicknesses across the 5 selected typical cross-sections, the concrete transport volume for lining thicknesses showed only a very small deviation from the corresponding quota concrete transport volume for 3 lining thicknesses; the concrete transport volume for the remaining lining thicknesses was the same as the corresponding quota concrete transport volume. For the case of shotcrete followed by lining, the overfill rate plus a reasonable construction surcharge is converted into the quota unit project quantity, which is the lining concrete transport volume. The above results indicate that the calculation method proposed in this paper is appropriate for calculating the overfill rate of rectangular cross-section shafts in the case of shotcrete followed by lining.

[0090] Optionally, in the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure, after S104, S109 and S110 may also be included.

[0091] S109. Under direct lining conditions, the excavation lining dimension coefficient shall be determined based on the designed excavation length and width, as well as the lining thickness.

[0092] Specifically, the excavation lining dimension factor is a parameter determined by the design excavation length a, the design excavation width b, and the lining thickness t of the rectangular engineering cross section.

[0093] For example, the excavation lining size factor can be calculated based on the length and width of the designed excavation and the thickness of the lining, according to the following formula (12).

[0094] ;Formula (12) in, This indicates the excavation lining dimension factor.

[0095] S110. Calculate the overfill rate for direct lining conditions based on the over-excavation rate and the excavation lining size coefficient.

[0096] For example, the overfill rate for the direct lining condition can be calculated based on the following formula (13), according to the over-excavation rate and the excavation lining size coefficient.

[0097] ;Formula (13) Based on this scheme, a calculation method different from S105 to S108 is provided. After the engineers have calculated the over-excavation rate, they only need to obtain the excavation lining dimension coefficient, and then quickly obtain the overfill rate of the direct lining case through multiplication. In the practice of engineering budget preparation, the same project often contains multiple rectangular engineering sections with different lining thicknesses. Using this scheme, the over-excavation rate can be calculated uniformly first, and then the corresponding excavation lining dimension coefficient can be determined according to the lining thickness of each section. The overfill rate of each section can be calculated in batches, avoiding the need to repeatedly calculate the over-excavation area and filling area for each section. This improves the efficiency of cost preparation and is especially suitable for engineering scenarios with a large number of rectangular engineering sections and various lining thicknesses in underground cavern groups of large hydropower projects.

[0098] Optionally, in the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project provided in this embodiment, the designed excavation amount in S101 is the product of the designed excavation length and the designed excavation width. The actual excavation amount in S102 is the product of the actual excavation length and the actual excavation width. The additional excavation amount in S103 is the difference between the actual excavation amount and the designed excavation amount.

[0099] Based on this scheme, the area of ​​each cross-section is calculated using the rectangular area formula through product or difference. On the construction site, construction and cost estimators only need to perform basic multiplication and subtraction operations to complete all calculations, without the need for complex tools, making it easy to apply and promote quickly on the front line of construction.

[0100] Corresponding to the embodiments of the foregoing methods, this disclosure also provides embodiments of the apparatus and the computer equipment on which it is applied.

[0101] Embodiments of the device disclosed herein can be applied to computer devices, such as servers or terminal devices. The device embodiments can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of both. Taking software implementation as an example, a device for calculating excess parameters of a logically rectangular project is formed by the processor responsible for calculating the excess parameters loading the corresponding computer program instructions from non-volatile memory into memory for execution. From a hardware perspective, such as... Figure 5 The diagram shown is a hardware structure diagram of a computer device housing the excess parameter calculation device for a rectangular project provided in this embodiment of the disclosure, except... Figure 5 In addition to the processor 510, memory 530, network interface 520, and non-volatile memory 540 shown, the server or computer device where the excess parameter calculation method for the rectangular project in the embodiment is located may also include other hardware depending on the actual function of the computer device, which will not be described in detail here.

[0102] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 An excess parameter calculation device for rectangular engineering projects provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a design excavation volume determination module 601, an actual excavation volume determination module 602, an additional excavation volume determination module 603, and an over-excavation rate determination module 604. The design excavation volume determination module 601 is used to determine the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section according to the design drawings of the rectangular engineering project, and to calculate the design excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular engineering project based on the design excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section. The rectangular engineering project includes a rectangular cross-section tunnel project excavated horizontally or a rectangular cross-section shaft project excavated vertically. The actual excavation volume determination module 602 is used to determine the allowable radial over-excavation value of the rectangular project according to the technical specifications. It increases the designed excavation length and width of the rectangular project section by twice the radial over-excavation value in each direction to obtain the actual excavation length and width including the over-excavation range, and calculates the actual excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project. The additional excavation volume determination module 603 is used to determine the difference between the actual excavation volume and the designed excavation volume as the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project. The over-excavation rate determination module 604 is used to determine the ratio of the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project to the designed excavation volume per unit length as the over-excavation rate of the rectangular project.

[0103] Optionally, the excess parameter calculation device for rectangular projects further includes: an overfill rate determination module; the overfill rate determination module is used to determine the thickness of the lining of the rectangular project according to the design drawings; determine the design lining filling volume per unit length according to the design excavation volume, the design excavation length and width, and the lining thickness; calculate the overfill volume per unit length of the rectangular project according to the target lining working condition; and determine the overfill rate under the target lining working condition according to the design lining filling volume and the overfill volume.

[0104] Optionally, the overfill rate determination module is specifically used to: when the target lining condition is a direct lining condition, use the additional excavation amount as the overfill amount per unit length.

[0105] Optionally, the overfill rate determination module is specifically used to: determine the thickness of the shotcrete according to the design drawings when the target lining condition is shotcrete first and then lining; determine the amount of shotcrete per unit length according to the actual excavation volume, the actual excavation length and width, and the thickness of the shotcrete; and determine the overfill amount under the target lining condition according to the additional excavation volume and the amount of shotcrete.

[0106] Optionally, the overfill rate determination module is specifically used to: after obtaining the over-excavation rate of the rectangular project, determine the excavation lining size coefficient based on the designed excavation length and width, and the lining thickness under the direct lining condition; and calculate the overfill rate under the direct lining condition based on the over-excavation rate and the excavation lining size coefficient.

[0107] Optionally, the overfill rate determination module is specifically used for: the designed excavation volume being the product of the designed excavation length and the designed excavation width; the actual excavation volume being the product of the actual excavation length and the actual excavation width; and the additional excavation volume being the difference between the actual excavation volume and the designed excavation volume.

[0108] Optionally, in the case of direct lining, the excavation lining size coefficient is determined based on a first preset formula, according to the length and width of the designed excavation and the thickness of the lining; the first preset formula includes: ;in, Indicates the excavation lining dimension factor. This indicates the design excavation length for a rectangular engineering cross-section. This indicates the design excavation width for a rectangular engineering section. This indicates the thickness of the lining.

[0109] The over-excavation parameter calculation device for rectangular engineering projects disclosed herein uses the designed excavation length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section as core parameters to construct a calculation system for the over-excavation rate of rectangular engineering projects. In engineering practice, construction personnel only need to obtain the length and width of the rectangular engineering cross-section from the design drawings and determine the allowable radial over-excavation value from the technical specifications to quickly calculate the over-excavation ratio generated during the excavation process. This calculation method directly fills the industry gap where existing circular cross-section algorithms and portal-shaped cross-section algorithms cannot be applied to rectangular engineering cross-sections. It provides a clear quantitative basis for the investment preparation and cost accounting of rectangular engineering projects, accurately reflects the actual over-excavation state of the rectangular engineering cross-section after blasting or mechanical excavation, and provides effective support for the contracting party to reasonably determine the excavation unit price and for the contractor to accurately calculate the excavation cost.

[0110] Accordingly, this disclosure also provides an apparatus for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project, the apparatus including a processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to implement the steps as described in the above embodiments of the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project.

[0111] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described embodiments of the method for calculating excess parameters of rectangular engineering.

[0112] This disclosure also provides a computer device, the computer device including a memory, a processor, and computer-readable instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the various steps in the above-described embodiment of the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project.

[0113] The specific implementation process of the functions and roles of each module in the above device can be found in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the above method, and will not be repeated here.

[0114] For the device embodiments, since they basically correspond to the method embodiments, the relevant parts can be referred to in the description of the method embodiments. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this disclosure according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0115] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0116] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention applied herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not claimed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the following claims.

[0117] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0118] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for calculating excess parameters in a rectangular engineering project, characterized in that, The method includes: According to the design drawings of the rectangular project, determine the design excavation length and width of the rectangular project cross section, and calculate the design excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project based on the design excavation length and width of the rectangular project cross section. The rectangular project includes a rectangular cross section tunnel project excavated in the horizontal direction or a rectangular cross section shaft project excavated in the vertical direction. According to the technical specifications, the allowable radial over-excavation value for the rectangular project design is determined. The design excavation length and width of the rectangular project section are increased by twice the radial over-excavation value in each direction to obtain the actual excavation length and width including the over-excavation range. The actual excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project is then calculated. The difference between the actual excavation volume and the designed excavation volume is determined as the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project. The ratio of the extra excavation per unit length of the rectangular project to the designed excavation per unit length is determined as the over-excavation rate of the rectangular project.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, After determining the difference between the actual excavation volume and the designed excavation volume as the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project, the method further includes: Determine the thickness of the lining for the rectangular project based on the design drawings; The design lining fill volume per unit length is determined based on the designed excavation volume, the designed excavation length and width, and the lining thickness. Calculate the overfill per unit length of the rectangular project based on the target lining conditions; The overfill rate under the target lining condition is determined based on the designed lining filling volume and the overfill volume.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The calculation of overfill per unit length based on the target lining condition includes: When the target lining condition is a direct lining condition, the additional excavation amount is taken as the overfill amount per unit length.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, The calculation of overfill per unit length based on the target lining condition includes: When the target lining condition is a case of shotcrete first and then lining, the thickness of the shotcrete is determined according to the design drawings. The amount of shotcrete per unit length is determined based on the actual excavation volume, the actual excavation length and width, and the thickness of the shotcrete. The overfill amount under the target lining condition is determined based on the additional excavation volume and the shotcrete volume.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, After obtaining the over-excavation rate of the rectangular project, the method further includes: In the case of direct lining, the excavation lining size factor is determined based on the designed excavation length and width, as well as the lining thickness. The overfill rate for direct lining is calculated based on the over-excavation rate and the excavation lining size coefficient.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The designed excavation volume is the product of the designed excavation length and the designed excavation width; the actual excavation volume is the product of the actual excavation length and the actual excavation width; the additional excavation volume is the difference between the actual excavation volume and the designed excavation volume.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein, The determination of the excavation lining size coefficient based on the designed excavation length and width, and the lining thickness, includes: Based on the first preset formula, the excavation lining size coefficient is determined according to the length and width of the designed excavation and the thickness of the lining. The first preset formula includes: ; wherein, represents a dimension coefficient of the excavation lining, represents a design excavation length of the rectangular engineering section, represents a design excavation width of the rectangular engineering section, represents a thickness of the lining.

8. A device for calculating excess parameters in a rectangular engineering project, characterized in that, The excess parameter calculation device includes: a module for determining the designed excavation volume, a module for determining the actual excavation volume, a module for determining the additional excavation volume, and a module for determining the over-excavation rate; The design excavation volume determination module is used to determine the design excavation length and width of the rectangular project cross section according to the design drawings of the rectangular project, and to calculate the design excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project based on the design excavation length and width of the rectangular project cross section. The rectangular project includes a rectangular cross section tunnel project excavated in the horizontal direction or a rectangular cross section shaft project excavated in the vertical direction. The actual excavation volume determination module is used to determine the allowable radial over-excavation value of the rectangular project design according to the technical specifications, and to increase the designed excavation length and width of the rectangular project section by twice the radial over-excavation value in each direction to obtain the actual excavation length and width including the over-excavation range, and to calculate the actual excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project. The additional excavation volume determination module is used to determine the difference between the actual excavation volume and the designed excavation volume as the additional excavation volume per unit length of the rectangular project. The over-excavation rate determination module is used to determine the over-excavation rate of the rectangular project as the ratio of the additional excavation per unit length to the designed excavation per unit length.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer device, comprising: include: A processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method for calculating excess parameters of a rectangular project as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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