A communication sensing integrated joint design method based on a dual-function transmitting end and a communication receiving end

Abstract

This invention discloses a joint design method for integrated communication and sensing based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver. The method includes: defining radar performance indicators as optimization objectives based on a radar received signal model; constructing constructive interference constraints based on the equalized signal model of the communication receiver, considering the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver, performing geometric control on the constellation diagram symbol by symbol, and introducing adjustable relaxation coefficients to expand the constructive interference region; constructing a series of power constraints based on system hardware requirements; jointly designing the communication receiver and the dual-function transmitter, constructing an optimization problem with the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter and the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver as joint optimization variables; solving the optimization problem to obtain the integrated transmission waveform and the parameter design of the communication receiver. This invention increases the system design freedom and effectively improves the performance of the integrated communication and sensing system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated sensing, and more particularly to a joint design method for integrated communication sensing based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver. Background Technology

[0002] With the growth of wireless communication services and the expansion of radar sensing applications, the demand for spectrum resources in communication and sensing systems is becoming increasingly urgent. Traditional communication and radar systems often employ independent design and separate operation, leading not only to low spectrum utilization but also to electromagnetic interference between systems. Against this backdrop, integrated communication and sensing technology has become one of the key technologies for future wireless communication systems. By sharing spectrum, hardware platforms, and signal processing modules, integrated communication and sensing technology aims to achieve synergy between information transmission and environmental sensing functions, thereby effectively improving spectrum efficiency and reducing system power consumption and hardware costs. This technology shows broad application prospects in fields such as intelligent transportation, autonomous driving, drone surveillance, and the Internet of Things.

[0003] For the design of integrated communication and sensing systems, most existing research only considers the waveform design of dual-function transmitters, limiting design freedom to the transmitter and failing to fully utilize the processing capabilities of the receiver. While a small number consider joint transmit and receive designs, these typically focus on radar receivers and only address the processing of the sensing echo link. For the receiver in the communication link, i.e., the user's receiver, existing research neglects its processing capabilities and fails to incorporate it into the system's joint design framework. Furthermore, regarding communication quality assurance, existing integrated communication and sensing solutions focus on average performance constraints, making it difficult to achieve refined utilization of multi-user interference. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the Invention: Addressing the problems in existing integrated communication and sensing system designs, such as the communication receiver not being included in the joint design framework, design freedom being limited to the transmitter and radar receiver, and existing communication quality assurance methods being unable to achieve refined interference utilization, this invention aims to provide a joint design method for integrated communication and sensing based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver. By jointly designing the communication receiver and the dual-function transmitter, the integrated transmission waveform and the processing parameters of the communication receiver are synergistically optimized, thereby increasing the system design freedom.

[0005] Technical Solution: To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A joint design method for communication sensing based on a dual-function transmitter and receiver includes the following steps:

[0007] Based on the radar received signal model, a radar performance index is defined as the optimization target. The radar performance index is a function of the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter.

[0008] Constructive interference constraints are constructed based on the equalized signal model of the communication receiver. The constructive interference constraints take into account the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver, perform geometric adjustment on the constellation diagram symbol by symbol, and introduce adjustable relaxation coefficients for orthogonal amplitude modulation or amplitude phase shift keying schemes. The constructive interference area of ​​the internal constellation points is expanded from points to adjustable square areas, and some external constellation points are expanded from rays to semi-infinite rectangular strips with adjustable height.

[0009] Based on the system hardware requirements, a series of power constraints are constructed, including at least one dual-function transmitter power constraint and a power constraint of the communication receiver equalizer.

[0010] The communication receiver and the dual-function transmitter are jointly designed to construct an optimization problem with the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter and the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver as joint optimization variables.

[0011] Solve the joint optimization problem to obtain the integrated transmit waveform and the parameter design of the communication receiver.

[0012] Furthermore, the radar sensing performance includes at least one of the radar received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the main-to-sidelobe ratio of the beam pattern.

[0013] Furthermore, the constructive interference constraint, when the modulation method is M-ary phase shift keying, is defined as follows:

[0014]

[0015] in, It is a complex coefficient. Indicates the first The equalization coefficient for each communication user It is the channel matrix The OK, Indicates that it is to be transmitted to the first The communication symbols for each communication user; Re and Im represent the real and imaginary parts of a number, respectively, and j is the imaginary unit; It is the threshold of constructive disturbance constraint after equilibrium, where It is the required communication signal-to-noise ratio threshold. It is noise power; , where M is the modulation order; Represents the phase of a complex number;

[0016] When the modulation scheme is quadrature amplitude modulation and amplitude phase shift keying, constructive interference constraint is achieved using symbol scaling. First, the equalized communication signal is decomposed into real and imaginary parts along the detection boundary, and then normalized using communication symbols. The normalized and decomposed real and imaginary parts are respectively... and The normalized real and imaginary parts are divided into two sets: set In the corresponding constellation points, the real and imaginary parts can be used to achieve constructive interference through infinite scaling; set In the corresponding constellation points, infinite scaling cannot be used to achieve the real and imaginary parts of constructive interference; for elements in set O Need to meet For elements in set I Requirements must be met , It is an adaptive relaxation factor used to adjust the size of the constructive region.

[0017] Furthermore, the power constraints for the dual-function transmitter include:

[0018] Dynamic range constraint is defined as , It is a parameter used to control the dynamic range of the power at signal sampling points. This refers to the number of elements in the transmitting antenna. Indicates the point where the signal is transmitted;

[0019] Total power constraint, defined as ,in The preset total power value of the transmitted signal. This is the signal length.

[0020] Furthermore, the power constraint for the communication equalization coefficient is: ,in The preset equalization coefficient power value, Indicates the first The equalization coefficient for each communication user.

[0021] 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optimization problem is a multivariable coupled non-convex problem, and is solved by combining one or more algorithms including continuous convex approximation algorithm, alternating optimization algorithm, interior point method, and alternating direction multiplier method.

[0022] This invention also provides a communication sensing integrated joint design system based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver, comprising:

[0023] The target determination module is used to define radar performance indicators as optimization targets based on the radar received signal model. The radar performance indicators are functions of the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter.

[0024] The constructive interference constraint construction module is used to construct constructive interference constraints based on the signal model after equalization at the communication receiver. The constructive interference constraints take into account the equalization coefficient at the communication receiver, perform geometric adjustment on the constellation diagram symbol by symbol, and introduce adjustable relaxation coefficients for orthogonal amplitude modulation or amplitude phase shift keying schemes. This expands the constructive interference region of the internal constellation points from points to adjustable square regions, and expands some external constellation points from rays to semi-infinite rectangular strips with adjustable height.

[0025] A power constraint construction module is used to construct a series of power constraints according to system hardware requirements. The power constraints include at least one dual-function transmitter power constraint and a communication receiver equalizer power constraint.

[0026] The optimization problem construction module is used to jointly design the communication receiver and the dual-function transmitter, and construct an optimization problem with the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter and the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver as joint optimization variables.

[0027] The problem-solving module is used to solve the joint optimization problem and obtain the integrated transmit waveform and the parameter design of the communication receiver.

[0028] The present invention also provides an electronic device, characterized in that it includes: one or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the programs, when executed by the processors, implement the communication sensing integrated joint design method based on dual-function transmitter and communication receiver as described above.

[0029] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the communication sensing integrated joint design method based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver as described above.

[0030] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the communication sensing integrated joint design method based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver as described above.

[0031] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention integrates the processing mechanism of the communication receiver with the dual-function transmitter, increasing the system design freedom and exploring the signal processing capabilities of the communication receiver through the coordinated optimization of the integrated transmission waveform and the processing parameters of the communication receiver. 2. This invention extends the constructive interference design of the traditional transmitter to the dual-end architecture, increasing design freedom by introducing an equalization coefficient at the receiver. 3. For various modulation modes that simultaneously control phase and amplitude, this invention introduces an adjustable relaxation coefficient into the constructive interference, expanding the constructive interference region of the internal constellation points from points to adjustable square regions, and expanding some external constellation points from rays to semi-infinite rectangular strips with adjustable height, increasing design freedom and achieving a flexible trade-off between interference utilization and demodulation reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the method of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a detailed flowchart illustrating the method of using radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio as a radar performance indicator in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 Beam patterns for different modulation schemes (16PSK and 16QAM) and different design methods ("no equalization" means that the equalization coefficient is not optimized during the design and the equalization coefficient is always 1; "equalization" means the method proposed in this invention).

[0035] Figure 4 Design the achievable radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under different communication signal-to-noise ratio threshold requirements;

[0036] Figure 5 The achievable symbol error rate is designed for different communication signal-to-noise ratio threshold requirements;

[0037] Figure 6 To design the achievable radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio under different dynamic range constraints;

[0038] Figure 7 This represents the radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio that can be achieved under different relaxation coefficients during orthogonal amplitude modulation. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To provide a clearer understanding of the features and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention, the composition and implementation of the specific solution are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Most existing integrated sensing and communication designs only consider the signal processing capabilities of the transmitter, using pre-compensation for channel effects and precoding to suppress multi-user interference. The receiver, however, only performs simple demodulation, and its equalization and other processing capabilities are not incorporated into the system's optimization design. This transmitter-centric design leads to two problems: firstly, it overburdens the transmitter and limits waveform design freedom; secondly, it ignores the potential capabilities of the receiver in interference suppression and signal demodulation, failing to achieve synergistic gain between the transmitter and receiver. Furthermore, in terms of communication quality assurance, existing integrated sensing and communication designs often use statistical indicators such as signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and bit error rate (BER) as constraints. These indicators reflect average performance and fail to fully utilize the structural information of the modulation symbols, making it difficult to achieve refined utilization of multi-user interference. In summary, existing integrated sensing and communication designs fail to jointly optimize the receiver's processing mechanism with the dual-function transmitter, resulting in limited system design freedom and an inability to fully exploit the performance potential of the integrated sensing and communication system.

[0042] In view of this, this embodiment provides a joint design method for integrated communication and sensing based on a dual-function transmitter and receiver. This method can incorporate the receiver into the integrated communication and sensing system design, improving radar sensing performance while ensuring communication quality. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The method includes the following steps:

[0043] S101, Based on the radar received signal model, define radar performance indicators as optimization targets, wherein the radar performance indicators are functions of the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter.

[0044] S102, construct constructive interference constraints are constructed based on the signal model after equalization at the communication receiver. The constructive interference constraints take into account the equalization coefficient at the communication receiver, perform geometric adjustment on the constellation diagram symbol by symbol, and introduce adjustable relaxation coefficients for various modulation schemes that use both phase and amplitude for modulation. The constructive interference area of ​​the internal constellation points is expanded from points to adjustable square areas, and some external constellation points are expanded from rays to semi-infinite rectangular strips with adjustable height.

[0045] S103, Based on the system hardware requirements, a series of power constraints are constructed, including at least one dual-function transmitter power constraint and a communication receiver equalizer power constraint.

[0046] S104, the communication receiver and the dual-function transmitter are jointly designed to construct an optimization problem with the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter and the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver as joint optimization variables;

[0047] S105, solve the joint optimization problem to obtain the parameter design of the integrated transmit waveform and communication receiver.

[0048] The radar sensing performance includes at least one of the following: radar received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and beam pattern main-to-sidelobe ratio.

[0049] by This represents the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter. The equalization coefficients at the communication receiver represent the joint optimization problem, which can be expressed as:

[0050]

[0051] in, Represents radar performance indicators. This represents constructive interference constraints integrated into the signal processing at the communication receiver. Power constraints representing dual-function transmitters, This represents the power constraint at the communication receiver.

[0052] The optimization problem is a multivariable coupled nonconvex problem, which can be solved by combining one or more algorithms, including continuous convex approximation, alternating optimization, interior point method, and alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM). For example, it can be solved directly using continuous convex approximation + interior point method, or by alternating optimization + continuous convex approximation + interior point method, or by continuous convex approximation + ADMM, or by alternating optimization + continuous convex approximation + ADMM.

[0053] This invention extends the concept of constructive interference to both the transmitting and receiving ends. Traditional constructive interference is built upon the signal after equalization processing at the communication receiver. Constructive interference constraints are integrated into the communication equalization design, and geometric constraints are applied to the constellation diagram symbol by symbol to ensure communication quality in subsequent optimizations. For various modulation schemes that simultaneously utilize phase and amplitude modulation, adjustable relaxation coefficients are introduced. The constructive interference region for internal constellation points is expanded from points to adjustable square regions, and some external constellation points are expanded from rays to semi-infinite rectangular strips with adjustable height. This increases design freedom and achieves a flexible trade-off between interference utilization and demodulation reliability.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This invention provides a detailed description of a joint design method for communication and sensing integration, using radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) as an optimized radar performance indicator. The method flowchart is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0056] S201 defines the radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) based on the radar received signal model, and aims to maximize the SINR to improve sensing capabilities.

[0057] Based on the radar signal model, the radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is defined as follows:

[0058]

[0059] in, It is an integrated signal transmitted. Since the integrated communication and sensing base station operates in target tracking mode, based on previous sensing measurement data and tracking algorithms, the system has already determined the target direction. and complex amplitude A rough estimate has been completed. The complex amplitude here comprehensively considers factors such as radar cross section and channel propagation effects. Meanwhile, there are... The interference source, of which the first The direction of the interference source With complex amplitude The estimate has been obtained through previous measurements. Matrix Defined as ,in Indicates the receiving guide vector. Indicates the launch steering vector. and These are the element spacings of the transceiver arrays. Indicates wavelength. This is the signal length. This represents noise power. This represents the number of elements in the transmitting antenna.

[0060] S202, based on the signal equalization processing flow and signal model of the communication receiver, extends the concept of constructive interference to both the transmitting and receiving ends, and performs geometric constraints on the constellation diagram symbol by symbol to ensure communication quality in subsequent optimization. At the same time, an adjustable relaxation coefficient is introduced to achieve a flexible trade-off between interference utilization and demodulation reliability.

[0061] Constructive interference constraints are constructed based on the equalized signal model at the communication receiver. When the modulation method is M-ary phase shift keying, constructive interference constraints are applied to the equalized signal, defined as follows:

[0062]

[0063] in, The equalization coefficient is a complex coefficient, and its reciprocal is the equalization coefficient. In practical communication systems, signals are typically affected by bandwidth limitations, multipath propagation, frequency-selective fading, and non-ideal device characteristics after transmission through the channel, leading to amplitude and phase distortion in the received signal and further causing inter-symbol interference (ISI). The role of equalization is to compensate for distortion at the receiver based on the current channel characteristics, and the equalization coefficient is the core parameter for achieving this compensation. It directly determines whether the receiver can effectively suppress ISI, restore the original characteristics of the transmitted symbols, and reduce the bit error rate. Therefore, from the receiver's perspective, the accuracy of the equalization coefficient directly affects demodulation decision performance, link stability, and overall communication quality. For ease of mathematical derivation, let's consider... Indicates the first The equalization coefficient for each communication user Indicates to Find conjugate. It is the channel matrix The OK, Indicates that it is to be transmitted to the first The communication symbols for each communication user. Re and Im represent the real and imaginary parts of a number, respectively, and j is the imaginary unit. It is the threshold of constructive disturbance constraint after equilibrium, where It is the required communication signal-to-noise ratio threshold. It is noise power. , where M is the modulation order. It represents the phase of a complex number.

[0064] When the modulation scheme is quadrature amplitude modulation and amplitude phase shift keying, symbol scaling is used for constructive interference constraint. First, the equalized communication signal is decomposed into real and imaginary parts along the detection boundary, and then normalized using communication symbols. The normalized and decomposed real and imaginary parts are respectively... and The normalized real and imaginary parts are divided into two sets: set 1 In the corresponding constellation points, the real and imaginary parts can be used to achieve constructive interference through infinite scaling; set In the corresponding constellation points, infinite scaling cannot be used to achieve the real and imaginary parts of constructive interference; for elements in set O Need to meet For elements in set I Requirements must be met . It is an adaptive relaxation factor used to adjust the size of the constructive region, flexibly balancing interference utilization and demodulation reliability. This invention differs from the traditional definition of constructive interference. Introducing an adaptive relaxation factor , making It can vary within the range, when When the value is greater than 0, if both the imaginary and real parts change within a certain interval, the corresponding constructive region expands to a square region. If one of the imaginary and real parts is only constrained by the lower bound while the other changes within the interval, the corresponding constructive interference region expands to a semi-infinite rectangular strip.

[0065] S203, based on system hardware requirements, construct dynamic range constraints, total power constraints, and communication equalization coefficient power constraints;

[0066] Dynamic range constraint is defined as , It is a parameter used to control the dynamic range of the power at signal sampling points. Dynamic range constraints can effectively control the peak-to-average power ratio of the signal, ensuring that the transmitted signal always remains within the linear region of the transmitter power amplifier and avoiding nonlinear distortion.

[0067] Total power constraint is defined as ,in This is the preset total power value of the transmitted signal.

[0068] The power constraint of the communication equalization coefficient is ,in The preset equalization coefficient power value.

[0069] This invention considers adding constraints to the equalization coefficient for two main reasons. First, from a physical implementation perspective, the hardware gain capability of the receiver is limited, and it is impossible to amplify the received signal indefinitely. Therefore, the equalization coefficient cannot be arbitrarily chosen; it must be subject to constraints within a certain range to ensure the practical feasibility of the optimization result. Second, from a mathematical modeling perspective, this constraint is also crucial to ensuring the validity of the problem. If we let... =0, then according to As the formula shows, any transmitted waveform will automatically satisfy the constructive interference constraint. In other words, the communication constraint will completely fail, and the optimization problem will no longer care about communication performance, which clearly violates the original problem design objective of "optimizing while satisfying communication requirements." Therefore, it is necessary to force... It should be greater than a certain positive value to avoid this degradation and to ensure that the equilibrium coefficient obtained by optimization is meaningful.

[0070] S204, construct a non-convex optimization problem with the integrated waveform at the transmitting end and the equalization coefficient at the communication receiving end as optimization variables;

[0071]

[0072] in, It represents a function related to the transmitted waveform and equalization coefficient, and is a constructive interference constraint after equalization.

[0073] S205, merge all optimization variables into a single vector and introduce auxiliary variables to simplify the quadratic fractional terms in the objective function;

[0074] Define new optimization variables All optimization variables are merged into a single vector. Based on these new optimization variables, the definition of radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio can be transformed into... At the same time, auxiliary variables are introduced. Simplify the quadratic fractional terms in the objective function. The optimization problem is transformed into the following form:

[0075]

[0076] in, The function representing the new optimization variables is the constructive disturbance constraint after equilibrium. (Matrix) Its purpose is to optimize new variables. Extract the transmitted waveform vector .

[0077] S206 uses the continuous convex approximation algorithm to iteratively solve the optimization problem.

[0078] Before using the Continuous Convex Approximation (SCA) algorithm to solve the optimization problem, a feasible starting point is obtained using the Feasible Point Pursuit-Continuous Convex Approximation (FPP-SCA) algorithm. By introducing slack variables and transforming the non-convex part of the non-convex constraint into its Taylor expansion, iterative optimization is performed to approximate the feasible solution. The convex problem to be solved in the next iteration is:

[0079]

[0080] in, This represents the equilibrium constructive disturbance constraint after relaxation and convex approximation. This convex problem can be solved using the interior-point method. If the difference between the objective function value of the current FPP-SCA iteration and the previous FPP-SCA iteration is less than or equal to 0.1% of the current objective function value, and the auxiliary variable... If the value is less than or equal to 0, the iteration terminates.

[0081] The optimization problem is solved iteratively using SCA. The starting point of the SCA iteration is set to the final solution obtained by the FPP-SCA algorithm. In the SCA iterative solution, the... The convex problem to be solved in the next iteration is:

[0082]

[0083] in, This represents the constructive disturbance constraint in the equilibrium after the convex approximation. This convex problem can be solved using the interior point method or the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM). When solving with ADMM, auxiliary variables are introduced for each type of constraint, and then an augmented Lagrangian function is constructed. Each round of ADMM consists of three steps: the first step fixes the auxiliary variables and dual variables, and then updates... At this point, we are solving a convex quadratic subproblem with quadratic terms; the second step is to fix... Then, each auxiliary variable is updated in parallel, which essentially involves projecting the current point onto the corresponding constraint set; the third step is to update the dual variable (Lagrange multipliers) according to the ADMM standard format. This process is repeated until both the original residual and the dual residual are less than a given threshold.

[0084] If the difference between the objective function value of the current SCA iteration and the previous SCA iteration is less than 0.1% of the current objective function value, the SCA algorithm is terminated, and the designed transmission waveform and communication equalization coefficient are obtained.

[0085] In another implementation, instead of merging all the optimization variables in step S205 into a single vector for unified updating, the integrated transmission waveform of the transmitter is retained. Equalization coefficient with communication receiver The original block structure is used to solve the joint optimization problem constructed in step S204 using an alternating optimization method. This method gradually approximates the solution of the original joint optimization problem by fixing one variable and solving for the other.

[0086] Specifically, first initialize the equalization coefficient at the communication receiver. and the integrated transmission waveform of the transmitter This ensures that the constraints are met. Initial transmission waveform. The initial equilibrium coefficients can be obtained using FPP-SCA. The elements in the equation are obtained by directly normalizing the power of 1.

[0087] Subsequently, in the The following steps are performed in the next iteration:

[0088] (1) Fix the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver in the current iteration. Solve for the integrated transmission waveform of the transmitter. The sub-problem is used to obtain the updated integrated transmission waveform of the transmitter. .

[0089] In this step, the equalization coefficient at the communication receiver is... Treating the constants as known constants, the parts of the joint optimization problem related to the equilibrium coefficients are fixed as constants, and the original problem degenerates into a problem concerning only the integrated transmission waveform at the transmitter. The optimization problem is as follows. At this point, the optimization objective can still be the radar performance index defined in step S201, such as maximizing the radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio; the constraints can still be constructed using the methods described in steps S202 and S203, i.e., under the current equalization coefficients... Given the conditions, write the equalized constructive interference constraints as relating to the transmitted waveform. The constraints are assumed, while dynamic range constraints, total power constraints, and other transmitter constraints are retained. The objective function in this subproblem is constructed in the same or similar way as in step S201, and the constraints are constructed in the same or similar way as in steps S202 and S203. The only difference is that the equalization coefficients at the communication receiver are already fixed at this point, so the original constraints regarding... and The coupling optimization problem is simplified to a problem concerning The single-variable optimization problem.

[0090] Since the subproblem concerning the emitted waveform (x) is still a non-convex problem, it can be processed using the same solution method as in step S206 above. A continuous convex approximation is performed on the non-convex objective function and / or non-convex constraints, and the th... The transmit waveform subproblem in the next iteration is approximated as a convex optimization problem, which is then solved using the interior-point method; alternatively, after convexification, the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) can be used. By solving this subproblem, the updated integrated transmit waveform of the transmitter is obtained. .

[0091] (2) Fixed and updated integrated transmission waveform of the transmitter Solve for the equalization coefficients at the communication receiver. The subproblem yields the updated equalization coefficients at the communication receiver. .

[0092] In this step, the transmitter integrates the transmitted waveform. Treating these as known constants, the parts of the original joint optimization problem related to the transmitted waveform are fixed, and the problem is transformed into one that depends only on the equalization coefficients at the communication receiver. The problem of finding a feasible solution is then addressed. At this point, the constructive interference constraints established in step S202 based on the equalized signal model at the communication receiver are continued, and the power constraints of the equalization coefficients at the communication receiver can be retained as described in step S203. The constraint construction in this equalization coefficient subproblem is the same as or similar to steps S202 and S203, the difference being the transmitted waveform. The solution is now fixed. The updated equalization coefficients for the communication receiver are obtained by successive solutions using a continuous convex approximation method. .

[0093] (3) Determine whether the termination condition is met. If it is met, stop the iteration and obtain the optimization result.

[0094] In this embodiment, the definitions and construction methods of radar performance indicators, post-equalization constructive interference constraints, and various power constraints in steps S201 to S204 can remain unchanged. The only difference is that the method of merging all optimization variables in step S205 is no longer used in the solution stage; instead, the integrated transmission waveform at the transmitter is used instead. Equalization coefficient at the communication receiver Alternating iterative solutions are performed. Therefore, this implementation method is consistent with the aforementioned embodiments in terms of optimization objectives and constraint modeling, differing only in the numerical solution path of the joint optimization problem.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] In this embodiment, the radar performance index no longer uses the radar receive signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), but instead uses the integral main-sidelobe ratio of the transmit beam pattern. Apart from the definition of the radar performance index, the remaining system model, constructive interference constraints after equalization at the communication receiver, dynamic range constraints, total power constraints, and power constraints of the equalization coefficient at the communication receiver can all directly adopt the content from Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and the solution process is similar to that in Embodiments 1 and 2.

[0097] Based on the transmit array pattern model, the integral main-side lobe ratio is defined, and maximizing the integral main-side lobe ratio is the optimization objective. In this embodiment, let the angle be... The transmitted beam pattern power at the location is .in, This represents the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter. This represents the value constructed from the guide vector of the transmitting array, relative to the angle. The corresponding radiation pattern power matrix. Let the main lobe angular domain near the target direction be... The side lobe region is The integral main lobe-side lobe ratio is defined as follows:

[0098]

[0099] After discrete sampling of the main lobe and side lobe corner domains and introducing corresponding integral weights, the above equation can be expressed as follows:

[0100]

[0101] in, The integral matrix of the main lobe region. Let be the integral matrix of the sidelobe region, defined as follows:

[0102]

[0103] Therefore, in this embodiment, the radar performance index is replaced by the radar received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in Embodiment 2, and correspondingly, the optimization objective is replaced by "maximizing the radar received SINR" to "maximizing the integral main-to-side lobe ratio". Since the integral main-to-side lobe ratio is also the ratio of two quadratic terms with respect to the transmitted waveform, it has the same fractional quadratic structure as the objective function in Embodiment 2.

[0104] In this embodiment, the constructive interference constraint, dynamic range constraint, total power constraint, and equalization coefficient power constraint of the communication receiver after equalization can all be directly constructed using the method described in Embodiment 2.

[0105] Since the objective function for integrating the main lobe-side lobe ratio is identical to the objective function for the radar received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in Example 2 (both being fractional quadratic forms), the methods for introducing auxiliary variables, equivalent transformations, or locally convex approximations of the objective function can all be directly applied using the methods in Example 2. Only the matrix corresponding to the radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in Example 2 needs to be replaced with the main lobe region integral matrix in this example. and the sidelobe region integral matrix In other words, it is only necessary to replace the numerator and denominator matrices related to the radar received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio objective function in Example 2, without changing the processing flow of the remaining variables.

[0106] To verify the performance of the method, the present invention conducted 100 Monte Carlo experiments on the radar receiver signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. Figure 3 The images show beam patterns under different modulation schemes (16PSK and 16QAM) and design methods. It can be seen that, compared to traditional designs that do not consider the equalizer at the communication receiver, the waveform designed in this invention has good beam directivity and forms a deeper notch in the direction of interference. Figure 4 The design yields achievable radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) under different communication SNR threshold requirements. It can be seen that when the communication SNR requirement in the constructive interference constraint is relaxed, the designed waveform can achieve a higher radar SINR. Furthermore, it can be demonstrated that the design method proposed in this invention achieves better radar sensing performance compared to traditional designs that do not consider the communication equalizer. Figure 5 The design yields the achievable symbol error rate (BER) under different communication signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold requirements. It can be seen that the higher the SNR requirement in the constructive interference constraint, the lower the BER and the better the communication performance of the designed system. Figure 6 This section describes the achievable radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) under different dynamic range constraints. It shows that expanding the dynamic range of signal sampling point power increases design freedom, thereby achieving better radar sensing performance. Figure 7 Different relaxation coefficients during quadrature amplitude modulation The radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio achievable with the current design is shown. It can be seen that increasing the area of ​​constructive jamming provides more design freedom, thereby achieving better sensing performance. It also verifies that adjusting the relaxation coefficient can strike a balance between jamming utilization and communication reliability.

[0107] This invention integrates the processing mechanism of the communication receiver with the dual-function transmitter, overcoming the limitations of existing integrated communication and sensing designs that only consider the transmitter or only the transmitter and radar receiver. Through the coordinated optimization of the integrated transmission waveform and the processing parameters of the communication receiver, the system design freedom is significantly increased, achieving synergistic gains between the transmitter and the communication receiver. Simultaneously, the concept of constructive interference is introduced into the field of integrated communication and sensing, elevating communication quality constraints from statistical indicators to symbol-by-symbol geometric constraints. An adjustable relaxation factor is introduced, expanding the constructive interference region to an adjustable size, achieving a flexible trade-off between interference utilization efficiency and demodulation reliability. This overcomes the limitations of existing schemes, such as insufficient modulation format adaptability and limited design freedom. Furthermore, traditional constructive interference modeling does not consider communication receiver processing; this invention extends it to the signal points after signal processing at the communication receiver, better aligning with actual communication signal processing flows. Based on this, with radar sensing performance as the optimization objective, the joint design of the transmitter and communication receiver is carried out under the conditions of satisfying communication quality constraints and system power constraints, achieving synergistic enhancement of communication and sensing performance.

[0108] Based on the same technical concept, the present invention also provides a communication sensing integrated joint design system based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver, comprising:

[0109] The target determination module is used to define radar performance indicators as optimization targets based on the radar received signal model. The radar performance indicators are functions of the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter.

[0110] The constructive interference constraint construction module is used to construct constructive interference constraints based on the signal model after equalization at the communication receiver. The constructive interference constraints take into account the equalization coefficient at the communication receiver, perform geometric adjustment on the constellation diagram symbol by symbol, and introduce adjustable relaxation coefficients for orthogonal amplitude modulation or amplitude phase shift keying schemes. This expands the constructive interference region of the internal constellation points from points to adjustable square regions, and expands some external constellation points from rays to semi-infinite rectangular strips with adjustable height.

[0111] A power constraint construction module is used to construct a series of power constraints according to system hardware requirements. The power constraints include at least one dual-function transmitter power constraint and a communication receiver equalizer power constraint.

[0112] The optimization problem construction module is used to jointly design the communication receiver and the dual-function transmitter, and construct an optimization problem with the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter and the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver as joint optimization variables.

[0113] The problem-solving module is used to solve the joint optimization problem and obtain the integrated transmit waveform and the parameter design of the communication receiver.

[0114] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, wherein when the programs are executed by the processors, they implement the steps of the communication sensing integrated co-design method based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver as described above.

[0115] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the communication sensing integrated joint design method based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver as described above.

Claims

1. A joint design method for communication sensing based on a dual-function transmitter and receiver, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the radar received signal model, a radar performance index is defined as the optimization target. The radar performance index is a function of the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter. Constructive interference constraints are constructed based on the equalized signal model of the communication receiver. The constructive interference constraints take into account the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver, perform geometric adjustment on the constellation diagram symbol by symbol, and introduce adjustable relaxation coefficients for orthogonal amplitude modulation or amplitude phase shift keying schemes. The constructive interference area of ​​the internal constellation points is expanded from points to adjustable square areas, and some external constellation points are expanded from rays to semi-infinite rectangular strips with adjustable height. Based on the system hardware requirements, a series of power constraints are constructed, including at least one dual-function transmitter power constraint and a communication receiver equalizer power constraint. The communication receiver and the dual-function transmitter are jointly designed to construct an optimization problem with the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter and the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver as joint optimization variables. Solve the joint optimization problem to obtain the integrated transmit waveform and the parameter design of the communication receiver.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radar sensing performance includes at least one of the following: radar received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and beam pattern main-to-side lobe ratio.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constructive interference constraint, when the modulation method is M-ary phase shift keying, is defined as follows: in, It is a complex coefficient. Indicates the first The equalization coefficient for each communication user It is the channel matrix The OK, Indicates that it is to be transmitted to the first The communication symbols for each communication user; Re and Im represent the real and imaginary parts of a number, respectively, and j is the imaginary unit; It is the threshold of constructive disturbance constraint after equilibrium, where It is the required communication signal-to-noise ratio threshold. It is noise power; , where M is the modulation order; Represents the phase of a complex number; When the modulation scheme is quadrature amplitude modulation and amplitude phase shift keying, constructive interference constraint is achieved using symbol scaling. First, the equalized communication signal is decomposed into real and imaginary parts along the detection boundary, and then normalized using communication symbols. The normalized and decomposed real and imaginary parts are respectively... and The normalized real and imaginary parts are divided into two sets: set In the corresponding constellation points, the real and imaginary parts of constructive interference can be achieved through infinite scaling; set Within the corresponding constellation points, infinite scaling cannot be used to achieve constructive interference in terms of both real and imaginary parts; for elements in set O... Need to meet For elements in set I Requirements must be met , It is an adaptive relaxation factor used to adjust the size of the constructive region.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Dual-function transmitter power constraints include: Dynamic range constraint is defined as , It is a parameter used to control the dynamic range of the power at signal sampling points. This refers to the number of elements in the transmitting antenna. Indicates the point where the signal is transmitted; Total power constraint, defined as ,in The preset total power value of the transmitted signal. This is the signal length.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power constraint of the communication equalization coefficient is ,in The preset equalization coefficient power value, Indicates the first The equalization coefficient for each communication user.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimization problem is a multivariable coupled non-convex problem, which is solved by combining one or more algorithms, including the continuous convex approximation algorithm, the alternating optimization algorithm, the interior point method, and the alternating direction multiplier method.

7. A joint design system for communication sensing based on a dual-function transmitter and receiver, characterized in that, include: The target determination module is used to define radar performance indicators as optimization targets based on the radar received signal model. The radar performance indicators are functions of the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter. The constructive interference constraint construction module is used to construct constructive interference constraints based on the signal model after equalization at the communication receiver. The constructive interference constraints take into account the equalization coefficient at the communication receiver, perform geometric adjustment on the constellation diagram symbol by symbol, and introduce adjustable relaxation coefficients for orthogonal amplitude modulation or amplitude phase shift keying schemes. This expands the constructive interference region of the internal constellation points from points to adjustable square regions, and expands some external constellation points from rays to semi-infinite rectangular strips with adjustable height. A power constraint construction module is used to construct a series of power constraints according to system hardware requirements. The power constraints include at least one dual-function transmitter power constraint and a communication receiver equalizer power constraint. The optimization problem construction module is used to jointly design the communication receiver and the dual-function transmitter, and construct an optimization problem with the integrated transmission waveform of the dual-function transmitter and the equalization coefficient of the communication receiver as joint optimization variables. The problem-solving module is used to solve the joint optimization problem and obtain the integrated transmit waveform and the parameter design of the communication receiver.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; Memory; And one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, wherein when the programs are executed by the processors, they implement the communication sensing integrated joint design method based on a dual-function transmitter and a communication receiver as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the communication sensing integrated joint design method based on dual-function transmitter and communication receiver as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the communication sensing integrated joint design method based on dual-function transmitter and communication receiver as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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