A large offshore wind farm wind turbine layout optimization method and system

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of wind power generation technology and relates to a method and system for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in large offshore wind farms. The method includes: obtaining the effective wind speed ratio of each wind turbine for each initial wind turbine layout scheme using the geometric intersecting circle area algorithm, the Jensen model, and the wake loss sum-of-squares model; evaluating power generation using a vectorized numerical integration method to obtain the present value of the total life-cycle power generation for each initial wind turbine layout scheme; obtaining the total life-cycle cost for each initial wind turbine layout scheme; and obtaining the optimal wind turbine layout scheme. This invention solves the problems of inaccurate wake loss calculation, low engineering practicality, and inaccurate cost evaluation in existing wind turbine layout methods by using wake loss superposition, vectorized numerical integration, life-cycle cost evaluation, and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) minimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind power generation technology, and specifically discloses a method and system for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in large offshore wind farms. Background Technology

[0002] The rationality of wind turbine layout in wind farms directly affects their power generation efficiency and economic viability. Existing wind turbine layout methods mainly include regular grid layout, empirical formula, and optimization algorithms based on simplified models, but they have the following problems: 1) They do not fully consider the superposition of wake effects from multiple wind turbines, leading to inaccurate wake loss calculations; 2) When laying out large wind turbines, the computational load is large, resulting in low engineering practicality; 3) They do not incorporate cost and economic parameters into the entire life cycle cost assessment, leading to inaccurate cost assessments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in large-scale offshore wind farms, which solves the problems of inaccurate wake loss calculation, low engineering practicality, and inaccurate cost assessment in existing wind turbine layout methods.

[0004] The specific solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm includes: Obtain wind farm boundary coordinates, wind turbine parameters, wind resource data, and cost-economic parameters; Multiple wind turbine layout schemes are generated based on the boundary coordinates of the wind farm. Multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes are obtained by verifying the safety distance of each wind turbine layout scheme. Based on each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine are obtained. According to the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine and the wind turbine parameters, the effective wind speed ratio of each wind turbine corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained through the geometric intersection circle area algorithm, Jensen model and wake loss sum of squares model. Based on wind resource data, wind turbine parameters, and the effective wind speed ratio of each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the power generation is evaluated using a vectorized numerical integration method, and the present value of the total power generation over the entire life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained. Based on cost-economic parameters and each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the total life-cycle cost corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained. Based on the present value of total power generation and total cost over the entire life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the optimal wind turbine layout scheme is obtained.

[0006] Preferably, multiple wind turbine layout schemes are generated based on the boundary coordinates of the wind farm, and multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes are obtained by verifying the safety distances of each wind turbine layout scheme, including: Based on the boundary coordinates of the wind farm, the area where wind turbines can be deployed is obtained by shrinking inward by a preset safety distance. Based on the preset spacing ratio range, the gridded wind turbine location coordinates are automatically generated within the area where wind turbines can be deployed, resulting in multiple wind turbine layout schemes. Based on the layout scheme of each wind turbine, the distance matrix is ​​obtained by calculating the distance between all wind turbines. Based on the distance matrix, it is determined whether the distance between any two wind turbines is less than the preset safety distance. If the determination is yes, the wind turbine layout scheme is eliminated. If the determination is no, the wind turbine layout scheme is saved and multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes are generated.

[0007] Preferably, the upstream and downstream relationships of wind turbines are obtained, including: Based on the initial wind turbine layout scheme, the location coordinates of each wind turbine were obtained; Based on the location coordinates of each wind turbine, the projection values ​​of the location coordinates of each wind turbine onto the wind direction vector are obtained through vector projection. The projected values ​​are sorted from smallest to largest. The wind turbine with a projected value smaller than the other wind turbine is designated as the upstream wind turbine, and the other wind turbine is designated as the downstream wind turbine, thus obtaining the upstream and downstream relationship of the wind turbines.

[0008] Preferably, the effective wind speed ratio of the wind turbine is obtained by: Based on the upstream and downstream relationship of the wind turbine and the parameters of the wind turbine, the overlap area of ​​the wake regions of the downstream wind turbine and the upstream wind turbine is calculated by the geometric intersection circle area algorithm to obtain the wake overlap area. Based on the wake overlap area and wind turbine parameters, the wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine is obtained using the Jensen model. Based on the wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine, the wake loss is superimposed using the wake loss sum-of-squares model to obtain the total wake wind speed loss of all upstream wind turbines to the same downstream wind turbine. Based on the total loss of wake wind speed, the effective wind speed ratio of the wind turbine is obtained.

[0009] Preferably, the present value of total power generation over the entire life cycle is obtained, including: Based on wind resource data, wind direction frequency and Weibull distribution parameters for all wind directions are extracted; Based on the Weibull distribution parameters and wind turbine parameters, the wind speed distribution is obtained through the Weibull distribution probability density function; Based on wind speed distribution, effective wind speed ratio of wind turbine generators and power-wind speed relationship curves in wind turbine generator parameters, the total power generation of wind farms under wake effect is calculated by vectorized numerical integration method to obtain annual power generation. Based on annual power generation and cost economic parameters, the present value of total power generation over the entire life cycle is obtained.

[0010] The preferred formula for calculating the present value of total electricity generation over its entire life cycle is as follows: , in, The present value of total power generation over its entire life cycle. The discount rate is... For the year, For the project lifecycle.

[0011] Preferably, the total lifecycle cost is obtained, including: Based on cost-economic parameters and the initial wind turbine layout plan, the initial investment cost is obtained; Based on cost-economic parameters and the initial wind turbine layout scheme, the present value of operation and maintenance costs is obtained. The total lifecycle cost is obtained by calculating the present value of the initial investment cost and the operating and maintenance costs.

[0012] Preferably, the optimal wind turbine layout scheme is obtained, including: Based on the present value of total power generation and total cost over the entire life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained. Based on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme and the preset change threshold, multiple effective wind turbine layout schemes are obtained. By comparing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of all effective wind turbine layout schemes, the effective wind turbine layout scheme with an LCOE lower than any of the LCOE schemes is selected as the optimal wind turbine layout scheme.

[0013] Preferred options also include: Based on the optimal wind turbine layout scheme, a wind turbine distribution map and optimization report are generated and visualized.

[0014] This invention also relates to a large-scale offshore wind farm wind turbine layout optimization system, used to implement the above-mentioned large-scale offshore wind farm wind turbine layout optimization method, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire wind farm boundary coordinates, wind turbine parameters, wind resource data, and cost and economic parameters. The initial wind turbine layout scheme generation module is used to generate multiple wind turbine layout schemes based on the wind farm boundary coordinates, and to obtain multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes by verifying the safety distance of each wind turbine layout scheme. The wake effect assessment module is used to obtain the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine based on each initial wind turbine layout scheme. Based on the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine and the wind turbine parameters, the effective wind speed ratio of each wind turbine corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained through the geometric intersection circle area algorithm, Jensen model and wake deficit sum of squares model. The power generation assessment module is used to assess power generation based on wind resource data, wind turbine parameters, and the effective wind speed ratio of each initial wind turbine layout scheme. It uses a vectorized numerical integration method to obtain the present value of the total power generation throughout the entire life cycle for each initial wind turbine layout scheme. The cost assessment module is used to obtain the total life cycle cost of each initial wind turbine layout scheme based on cost economic parameters and each initial wind turbine layout scheme. The optimal wind turbine layout scheme generation module is used to obtain the optimal wind turbine layout scheme based on the present value of the total power generation and the total cost of each life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme. The visualization module is used to generate wind turbine distribution maps and optimization reports based on the optimal wind turbine layout scheme, and then visualize them.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention accurately calculates the wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine by considering differences in wind direction distribution and wake overlap area. It then uses a wake loss sum-of-squares model to superimpose these wake wind speed losses, obtaining the total wake wind speed loss. This accurately reflects complex wake interaction effects and improves the accuracy of wake loss calculation. The vectorized numerical integration method improves the computational efficiency of power generation assessment. Furthermore, by comparing the levelized cost per kilowatt-hour with a change threshold, early termination is achieved, avoiding invalid calculations and further improving computational efficiency. This invention is suitable for large-scale wind turbine layouts. By incorporating the total cost of the wind turbine, array cable cost, substation cost, annual operation and maintenance cost, project lifecycle, and discount rate into the lifecycle cost assessment, a comprehensive and complete cost evaluation is achieved, improving cost assessment accuracy. Finally, by minimizing the levelized cost per kilowatt-hour, the optimal wind turbine layout scheme is achieved, improving economic efficiency, reducing wake losses, increasing power generation, and lowering costs. This unifies the economics and engineering practicality of wind turbine layout. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a large-scale offshore wind farm wind turbine layout optimization system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0019] A method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in large offshore wind farms, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Obtain wind farm boundary coordinates, wind turbine parameters, wind resource data, and cost and economic parameters; Acquire basic wind farm data, including wind farm boundary coordinates, wind turbine parameters, wind resource data, and cost-economic parameters. Wind turbine parameters include rotor diameter, hub height, thrust coefficient curve, and power-wind speed curve. The thrust coefficient curve includes the thrust coefficient, and the power-wind speed curve includes the wind turbine power and the corresponding wind speed. Wind resource data consists of wind rose diagrams containing wind direction frequency distributions across multiple wind sectors and wind speed probability distributions within each sector. Specifically, wind resource data includes wind direction frequency and Weibull distribution parameters, including scale parameters. With shape parameters Cost and economic parameters include the unit cost of wind turbines, the cost per unit length of cables, the investment cost of substation foundations, the annual operation and maintenance costs, the project life cycle, and the discount rate.

[0020] S2. Generate multiple wind turbine layout schemes based on the boundary coordinates of the wind farm, and obtain multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes by verifying the safety distance of each wind turbine layout scheme. Based on the wind farm boundary coordinates, a pre-set safety distance of 0.5D is used to narrow the area inwards to obtain the wind turbine deployment zone. D is the rotor diameter. Based on a pre-set spacing ratio range, gridded wind turbine position coordinates are automatically generated within the deployment zone, resulting in multiple wind turbine layout schemes. These schemes include both linear and staggered layouts. Based on each layout scheme, the distances between all wind turbines are calculated to obtain a distance matrix. Using this matrix, it is determined whether the distance between any two wind turbines is less than the pre-set safety distance. If yes, the layout scheme is discarded; otherwise, it is saved, resulting in multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes. The safety distance can be three times the rotor diameter, i.e., 3.0D.

[0021] Non-compliant wind turbine layout schemes were eliminated through safety spacing verification.

[0022] S3. Based on each initial wind turbine layout scheme, obtain the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine. According to the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine and the wind turbine parameters, obtain the effective wind speed ratio of each wind turbine corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme through the geometric intersection circle area algorithm, Jensen model and wake loss sum of squares model. Based on an initial wind turbine layout scheme, the position coordinates of each wind turbine are obtained. According to the position coordinates of each wind turbine, the projection value of each wind turbine position coordinate on the wind direction vector is obtained through vector projection. The projection values ​​are sorted in ascending order. Among adjacent wind turbines, the wind turbine with the smaller projection value is regarded as the upstream wind turbine, and the wind turbine with the larger projection value is regarded as the downstream wind turbine, thus obtaining the upstream and downstream relationship of the wind turbines and determining the complete upstream and downstream relationship chain.

[0023] The formula for calculating the projection value is: , , , in, Let be the projection of the i-th wind turbine's position coordinates onto the wind direction vector; Let be the coordinates of the i-th wind turbine. This is a unit vector representing wind direction. Let x be the x-coordinate of the location of the i-th wind turbine. Let be the ordinate of the location of the i-th wind turbine; The preset wind direction angle is defined with due north as 0°, and the wind direction angle is increased clockwise.

[0024] Based on the upstream and downstream relationship of the wind turbine and the parameters of the wind turbine, the overlap area of ​​the wake regions of the downstream wind turbine and the upstream wind turbine is calculated by the geometric intersection circle area algorithm, and the wake overlap area is obtained.

[0025] The formula for calculating the wake overlap area is: , , in, The area of ​​overlap of the wake; Distance of downstream wind turbine The wake radius at that point; Distance to upstream wind turbine The wake radius at that point; This is the distance between the center of the upstream wind turbine and the center of the downstream wind turbine. The theoretical wake radius of the wind turbine; The diameter of the wind turbine; The preset wake attenuation coefficient can be set to 0.0381.

[0026] Based on the wake overlap area and wind turbine parameters, the wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine is obtained using the Jensen model. The Jensen model is a wake model used to calculate the wake across the entire field.

[0027] The formula for calculating the wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine is: , in, The wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine For thrust coefficient, The diameter of the wind turbine, The preset wake attenuation coefficient, The theoretical wake radius of the wind turbine. The area of ​​overlap of the wake is... The swept area of ​​the wind turbine.

[0028] Based on the wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine, the wake loss is superimposed using a wake loss sum-of-squares model to obtain the total wake wind speed loss of all upstream wind turbines to the same downstream wind turbine.

[0029] The formula for calculating the total loss of wake velocity is: , in, Total loss due to wake wind speed. This represents the wake wind speed loss of the i-th wind turbine.

[0030] Based on the total loss of wake wind speed, the effective wind speed ratio of the wind turbine is obtained.

[0031] The formula for calculating the effective wind speed ratio of a wind turbine is: , in, The effective wind speed ratio of the wind turbine generator. The total loss is due to the wake wind speed.

[0032] By considering differences in wind direction distribution and the overlap area of ​​the wake, the wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine is accurately calculated. Then, the wake wind speed loss is superimposed using the wake loss sum-of-squares model to obtain the total wake wind speed loss, thus accurately reflecting the complex wake interaction effect and improving the accuracy of wake loss calculation.

[0033] S4. Based on wind resource data, wind turbine parameters and the effective wind speed ratio of each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the power generation is evaluated by the vectorized numerical integration method, and the present value of the total power generation throughout the entire life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained. Based on wind resource data, wind direction frequencies and Weibull distribution parameters for all wind directions are extracted. The Weibull distribution parameters include scale parameters. With shape parameters .

[0034] Based on the Weibull distribution parameters and wind turbine parameters, the wind speed distribution is obtained through the Weibull distribution probability density function.

[0035] The formula for calculating wind speed distribution is: , in, For wind speed distribution, For shape parameters, For scale parameters, This refers to wind speed.

[0036] Based on the wind speed distribution, the effective wind speed ratio of a wind turbine and the power-wind speed relationship curve corresponding to a certain initial wind turbine layout scheme, the total power generation of the wind farm under the wake effect is calculated by the vectorized numerical integration method, and the annual power generation is obtained.

[0037] The formula for calculating annual power generation is: , in, Annual power generation For wind turbine power, For wind speed distribution, The effective wind speed ratio of the wind turbine generator. This represents the wind direction frequency.

[0038] Based on annual power generation and cost economic parameters, the present value of total power generation over the entire life cycle is obtained.

[0039] The formula for calculating the present value of total electricity generation over its entire life cycle is: , in, The present value of total power generation over its entire life cycle. The discount rate is... For the year, The project lifecycle is expressed in years.

[0040] The computational efficiency of power generation assessment is improved by using a vectorized numerical integration method.

[0041] S5. Based on the cost-economic parameters and each initial wind turbine layout scheme, obtain the total life cycle cost corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme. Based on cost-economic parameters and a certain initial wind turbine layout scheme, the initial investment cost is obtained; the initial investment cost includes the total cost of the wind turbine, the cost of the array cable and the cost of the substation. The total cost of the wind turbine includes the cost of equipment, tower, foundation and other expenses.

[0042] The formula for calculating the initial investment cost is: , in, For initial investment costs, The total cost of the wind turbine generator. It's the cost of the array cable. It's the cost of the substation.

[0043] Based on the cost per unit length of cable, the cost of the array cable is obtained using the minimum spanning tree algorithm.

[0044] The formula for calculating the cost of array cables is: , , in, For array cable cost, Cost per unit length of cable This refers to the total length of the cables connecting the wind turbines. For wind turbines With wind turbine The cable length between them.

[0045] The cost of a substation is determined based on its basic investment.

[0046] The formula for calculating the cost of a substation is: , in, For substation costs; This refers to the basic investment cost of the substation. The number of wind turbines is obtained from the initial wind turbine layout scheme. This represents the baseline number of wind turbines corresponding to the substation capacity.

[0047] Based on cost-economic parameters and the initial wind turbine layout scheme, the present value of operation and maintenance costs is obtained.

[0048] The formula for calculating the present value of operation and maintenance costs is: , in, The present value of operation and maintenance costs. The discount rate is... For the year, The number of wind turbines, Project lifecycle (in years). This represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of a single wind turbine.

[0049] The total lifecycle cost is obtained by calculating the present value of the initial investment cost and the operating and maintenance costs.

[0050] The formula for calculating total lifecycle cost is: , in, Total lifecycle cost For initial investment costs, This represents the present value of operation and maintenance costs.

[0051] By incorporating the total cost of wind turbines, array cable costs, substation costs, annual operation and maintenance costs, project lifecycle, and discount rate into the lifecycle cost assessment, a comprehensive and complete cost assessment is achieved, thus improving the accuracy of cost assessment.

[0052] S6. Based on the present value of total power generation and total cost throughout the life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the optimal wind turbine layout scheme is obtained. Based on the present value of total power generation and total cost over the entire life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained.

[0053] The formula for calculating the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is: , in, To levelize the cost of electricity, Total lifecycle cost This represents the present value of total power generation over the entire life cycle.

[0054] Based on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme and the preset variation threshold, multiple effective wind turbine layout schemes are obtained.

[0055] Each initial wind turbine layout scheme is determined to have a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) less than a preset threshold. If the determination is yes, the initial wind turbine layout scheme is removed; if the determination is no, the initial wind turbine layout scheme is retained, resulting in multiple valid wind turbine layout schemes.

[0056] By comparing the levelized cost per kilowatt-hour with the variation threshold, early termination is achieved, invalid calculations are avoided, and computational efficiency is improved.

[0057] By comparing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of all effective wind turbine layout schemes, the effective wind turbine layout scheme with the lowest LCOE is selected as the optimal wind turbine layout scheme. The optimal wind turbine layout scheme is then output with indicators such as the location coordinates of each wind turbine, the number of wind turbines, the total wake wind speed loss, the present value of total power generation over the entire life cycle, the total cost over the entire life cycle, and the LCOE.

[0058] By minimizing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), the optimal wind turbine layout scheme is achieved, improving economic efficiency, reducing wake loss, increasing power generation, and lowering costs, thereby unifying the economic efficiency and engineering practicality of wind turbine layout.

[0059] S7. Based on the optimal wind turbine layout scheme, generate a wind turbine distribution map and optimization report, and visualize the results.

[0060] The wind turbine distribution map marks the boundaries of the wind farm. The optimization report includes key technical parameters and economic indicators, which can assist in engineering decision-making.

[0061] Visualizing wind turbine distribution maps and optimization reports facilitates engineering decision-making.

[0062] This invention also relates to a large-scale offshore wind farm wind turbine layout optimization system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire wind farm boundary coordinates, wind turbine parameters, wind resource data, and cost and economic parameters. The initial wind turbine layout scheme generation module is used to generate multiple wind turbine layout schemes based on the wind farm boundary coordinates, and to obtain multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes by verifying the safety distance of each wind turbine layout scheme. The wake effect assessment module is used to obtain the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine based on each initial wind turbine layout scheme. Based on the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine and the wind turbine parameters, the effective wind speed ratio of each wind turbine corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained through the geometric intersection circle area algorithm, Jensen model and wake deficit sum of squares model. The power generation assessment module is used to assess power generation based on wind resource data, wind turbine parameters, and the effective wind speed ratio of each initial wind turbine layout scheme. It uses a vectorized numerical integration method to obtain the present value of the total power generation throughout the entire life cycle for each initial wind turbine layout scheme. The cost assessment module is used to obtain the total life cycle cost of each initial wind turbine layout scheme based on cost economic parameters and each initial wind turbine layout scheme. The optimal wind turbine layout scheme generation module is used to obtain the optimal wind turbine layout scheme based on the present value of the total power generation and the total cost of each life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme. The visualization module is used to generate wind turbine distribution maps and optimization reports based on the optimal wind turbine layout scheme, and then visualize them.

[0063] The system achieves integrated automatic optimization through modules for data acquisition, initial wind turbine layout generation, wake effect assessment, power generation assessment, cost assessment, optimal wind turbine layout generation, and visualization.

[0064] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm, characterized in that, include: Obtain wind farm boundary coordinates, wind turbine parameters, wind resource data, and cost-economic parameters; Multiple wind turbine layout schemes are generated based on the boundary coordinates of the wind farm. Multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes are obtained by verifying the safety distance of each wind turbine layout scheme. Based on each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine are obtained. According to the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine and the wind turbine parameters, the effective wind speed ratio of each wind turbine corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained through the geometric intersection circle area algorithm, Jensen model and wake loss sum of squares model. Based on wind resource data, wind turbine parameters, and the effective wind speed ratio of each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the power generation is evaluated using a vectorized numerical integration method, and the present value of the total power generation over the entire life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained. Based on cost-economic parameters and each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the total life-cycle cost corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained. Based on the present value of total power generation and total cost over the entire life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the optimal wind turbine layout scheme is obtained.

2. The method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves generating multiple wind turbine layout schemes based on the wind farm boundary coordinates, and then performing safety distance checks on each wind turbine layout scheme to obtain multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes, including: Based on the boundary coordinates of the wind farm, the area where wind turbines can be deployed is obtained by shrinking inward by a preset safety distance. Based on the preset spacing ratio range, the gridded wind turbine location coordinates are automatically generated within the area where wind turbines can be deployed, resulting in multiple wind turbine layout schemes. Based on the layout schemes of each wind turbine, the distance between all wind turbines is calculated to obtain a distance matrix. Based on the distance matrix, it is determined whether the distance between any two wind turbines is less than the preset safety distance. If the determination is yes, the wind turbine layout scheme is eliminated. If the determination is no, the wind turbine layout scheme is saved and multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes are generated.

3. The method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the upstream and downstream relationships of wind turbines, including: Based on the initial wind turbine layout scheme, the position coordinates of each wind turbine are obtained. According to the position coordinates of each wind turbine, the projection value of each wind turbine position coordinate on the wind direction vector is obtained through vector projection. The projection values ​​are sorted in ascending order, and the wind turbine with a projection value smaller than another wind turbine is regarded as the upstream wind turbine, and the other wind turbine is regarded as the downstream wind turbine, thus obtaining the upstream and downstream relationship of the wind turbines.

4. The method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective wind speed ratio of the wind turbine is obtained, including: Based on the upstream and downstream relationship of the wind turbine and the parameters of the wind turbine, the overlap area of ​​the wake regions of the downstream wind turbine and the upstream wind turbine is calculated by the geometric intersection circle area algorithm to obtain the wake overlap area. Based on the wake overlap area and wind turbine parameters, the wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine is obtained using the Jensen model. Based on the wake wind speed loss of a single wind turbine, the wake loss is superimposed using the wake loss sum-of-squares model to obtain the total wake wind speed loss of all upstream wind turbines to the same downstream wind turbine. Based on the total loss of wake wind speed, the effective wind speed ratio of the wind turbine is obtained.

5. The method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the present value of total electricity generation over its entire lifecycle, including: Based on wind resource data, wind direction frequency and Weibull distribution parameters for all wind directions are extracted; Based on the Weibull distribution parameters and wind turbine parameters, the wind speed distribution is obtained through the Weibull distribution probability density function; Based on wind speed distribution, effective wind speed ratio of wind turbine generators and power-wind speed relationship curves in wind turbine generator parameters, the total power generation of the wind farm under the wake effect is calculated by the vectorized numerical integration method to obtain the annual power generation. Based on annual power generation and cost economic parameters, the present value of total power generation over the entire life cycle is obtained.

6. The method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm according to claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the present value of total electricity generation over the entire life cycle is as follows: ， in, The present value of total power generation over its entire life cycle. The discount rate is... For the year, For the project lifecycle.

7. The method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the total lifecycle cost, including: Based on cost-economic parameters and the initial wind turbine layout plan, the initial investment cost is obtained; Based on cost-economic parameters and the initial wind turbine layout scheme, the present value of operation and maintenance costs is obtained. The total lifecycle cost is obtained by calculating the present value of the initial investment cost and the operating and maintenance costs.

8. The method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimal wind turbine layout scheme is obtained, including: Based on the present value of total power generation and total cost over the entire life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained. Based on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme and the preset change threshold, multiple effective wind turbine layout schemes are obtained. By comparing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of all effective wind turbine layout schemes, the effective wind turbine layout scheme with an LCOE lower than any of the LCOE schemes is selected as the optimal wind turbine layout scheme.

9. The method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the optimal wind turbine layout scheme, a wind turbine distribution map and optimization report are generated and visualized.

10. A layout optimization system for wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm, characterized in that, A method for optimizing the layout of wind turbines in a large offshore wind farm as described in any one of claims 1-9 includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire wind farm boundary coordinates, wind turbine parameters, wind resource data, and cost and economic parameters. The initial wind turbine layout scheme generation module is used to generate multiple wind turbine layout schemes based on the wind farm boundary coordinates, and to obtain multiple initial wind turbine layout schemes by verifying the safety distance of each wind turbine layout scheme. The wake effect assessment module is used to obtain the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine based on each initial wind turbine layout scheme. Based on the upstream and downstream relationships of each wind turbine and the wind turbine parameters, the effective wind speed ratio of each wind turbine corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme is obtained through the geometric intersection circle area algorithm, Jensen model and wake deficit sum of squares model. The power generation assessment module is used to assess power generation based on wind resource data, wind turbine parameters, and the effective wind speed ratio of each initial wind turbine layout scheme. It uses a vectorized numerical integration method to obtain the present value of the total power generation throughout the entire life cycle for each initial wind turbine layout scheme. The cost assessment module is used to obtain the total life cycle cost of each initial wind turbine layout scheme based on cost economic parameters and each initial wind turbine layout scheme. The optimal wind turbine layout scheme generation module is used to obtain the optimal wind turbine layout scheme based on the present value of the total power generation and the total cost of each life cycle corresponding to each initial wind turbine layout scheme. The visualization module is used to generate wind turbine distribution maps and optimization reports based on the optimal wind turbine layout scheme, and then visualize them.

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