Method for evaluating ecosystem service multifunctionality and its spatial partition optimization

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of ecosystem data management technology, and more particularly to a method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing its spatial zoning. The method includes the following steps: collecting global surface environmental observation data of the ecosystem; setting spatial unit coordinates; completing the standardization of raster data and edge alignment of vector data to generate a standardized global spatial data layer; dividing the global spatial data layer into continuous, closed, independent spatial units; extracting spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions from the global spatial data layer; and combining the spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions based on the spatial unit coordinates to construct a global ecological composite spatial layer. This invention distinguishes the distribution patterns of ecological elements to define dividing boundaries and combines multi-dimensional ecological data overlay to achieve reasonable ecological spatial zoning and ecosystem function assessment, ultimately enhancing the adaptability and completeness of ecological space assessment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecosystem data management technology, and in particular to a method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing their spatial zoning. Background Technology

[0002] The quantitative assessment and spatial zoning of ecosystem service multifunctionality are crucial for regional ecological pattern management and the rational allocation of ecological resources. In practical applications, ecological spatial zoning is generally based on fixed grid areas, with rigid boundary settings. Spatial division relies solely on a fixed scale, failing to adapt to regional topographical trends and the natural distribution characteristics of ecological elements. The spatial unit division process neglects the differences in the contiguous extension and discrete distribution of ecological elements, resulting in low compatibility between spatial division forms and native ecological patterns. Spatial segments are poorly connected, and the overall spatial framework lacks a reasonable structural distinction. Furthermore, various ecological dimensions of spatial data are difficult to integrate and utilize in a unified manner, ecosystem service combinations lack systematic analysis, and ecological function assessment methods are simplistic, failing to clearly reflect the differentiated characteristics of ecological functions in different regions and thus failing to meet the current application needs for refined ecological spatial zoning optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing their spatial zoning, in order to solve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, a method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing their spatial zoning is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step S1: Collect full-area surface environment observation data of the ecosystem, set spatial unit coordinates, complete the unified specification of raster data and the edge alignment of vector data, and generate a standardized full-area spatial data layer;

[0006] Step S2: Divide the global spatial data layer into continuous and closed independent spatial units, and extract spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions from the global spatial data layer; combine the spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions in the same position based on the spatial unit coordinates to construct a global ecological composite spatial layer;

[0007] Step S3: Identify the continuous distribution pattern of the ecological composite spatial layer, and delineate the ecological segmentation boundary based on the continuous distribution pattern; merge adjacent spatial units with consistent characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer, and isolate spatial units with fragmented characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer to construct the initial partitioning framework of the entire domain.

[0008] Step S4: Arrange the initial global zoning framework spatially across the entire domain, determine the ecological multifunctionality, and output the quantitative assessment results of ecosystem service multifunctionality.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0010] On the one hand, this invention combines the morphological differences in the extended and scattered distribution of ecological elements to define space, constructs a closed outline based on the natural contours of the landforms and the intersections of morphological features, and adjusts the extension trajectory of the boundary lines according to the overall distribution pattern of ecological elements to achieve orderly segmentation of ecological space sections. Simultaneously, it integrates the synchronous differences in the ecological structures of adjacent units to achieve boundary integration and connectivity of contiguous areas, and sets independent separation ranges for areas with misaligned and broken distribution structures, realizing differentiated and regularized treatment of spatial units. This type of structural control method can fully conform to the spatial logic of the natural spread of ecological elements, avoid regional structural misalignment caused by rigid spatial cutting, strengthen the adaptability of spatial units to the original surface structure and the distribution state of ecological carriers, and ensure the integrity and continuity of the ecological spatial structure.

[0011] On another front, this invention utilizes a unified coordinate system to perform co-location overlay and hierarchical decomposition of multi-dimensional ecological spatial data. Based on the actual arrangement of ecological elements within a single unit, it analyzes the spatial coverage and combination forms of different ecological services, matches the relationships between various ecological services by combining the extension characteristics of zoning boundaries, and progressively divides multi-level ecological function gradients. It integrates the ecological characteristics of each unit across the entire region and completes unified aggregation, forming a complete quantitative assessment basis and fully presenting the spatial differentiation characteristics of ecological function combinations in different regions. The hierarchical integration of multi-dimensional information and the refined division of functional levels can refine the spatial differences in ecological functions, providing a stable spatial framework and comprehensive data reference for the refined regulation and layout optimization of ecological space. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps involved in assessing the multifunctionality of an ecosystem service and optimizing its spatial zoning.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the collection of surface environmental observation data for an ecosystem in one embodiment;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a global ecological composite space layer in one embodiment;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the global initial partitioning framework in one embodiment.

[0016] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical method of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor methods and / or microcontroller methods.

[0019] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one unit from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first unit may be referred to as a second unit, and similarly, a second unit may be referred to as a first unit. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0020] To achieve the above objectives, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 An ecosystem service multifunctionality assessment and spatial zoning optimization method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] Preferably, step S1: collect full-area surface environment observation data of the ecosystem, set spatial unit coordinates, complete the unified specification of raster data and the edge alignment of vector data, and generate a standardized full-area spatial data layer;

[0022] Optionally, the collection of whole-area surface environment observation data of the ecosystem in step S1 includes:

[0023] Spatial information corresponding to the undulating structure of the land surface, spatial information corresponding to the natural spread of vegetation communities, and spatial information corresponding to the natural extension of soil and water media with the terrain are collected and compiled into whole-area surface environment observation data of the ecosystem.

[0024] By combining the pre-set natural extension trend of the entire landform with the unified spatial unit coordinates, the structure of different specifications of raster data of the entire land surface environment observation data is adjusted, and the multiple sets of vector contour edges of the entire land surface environment observation data are arranged point-to-point to obtain a standardized entire spatial data layer.

[0025] In this embodiment, when collecting spatial information corresponding to surface undulations, a combination of UAV low-altitude orthophoto acquisition and ground elevation measurement is used. The UAV flight altitude is controlled at 450m, with a forward overlap of 75% and a lateral overlap of 65%. Image acquisition is performed region by region across the entire area, and elevation monitoring points are simultaneously deployed on the surface, one every 2km. Elevation data at each monitoring point are measured, and the image data and elevation data are overlaid to extract the spatial coordinates and boundary information of surface undulations, forming complete spatial information corresponding to the surface undulations. When collecting spatial information corresponding to the natural spread of vegetation communities, NDVI index data for the entire area is obtained through remote sensing image inversion. Vegetation-covered and non-covered areas are divided, and 10m×10m quadrats are simultaneously deployed in areas with different vegetation types. The vegetation species and cover density within the quadrats are recorded. The quadrat data is calibrated with the remote sensing inversion data to clarify the spatial range and distribution pattern of the natural spread of vegetation communities. When collecting spatial information corresponding to the natural extension of soil and water media along the terrain, soil sampling and hydrological monitoring are combined. One soil sampling point is set up every 1.5km along the terrain to collect soil samples from the 0-50cm layer. The direction and distribution of surface runoff are monitored simultaneously, and the spatial distribution coordinates and extension trajectory of soil and water media are recorded. The three types of collected data are centrally summarized and collected into the whole-area surface environment observation data of the ecosystem.

[0026] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the collection of surface environmental observation data for the entire ecosystem. The drone in the diagram is flying at low altitude to collect orthophotos of the study area. Combined with the elevation monitoring points set up at fixed intervals on the ground, the data on surface undulation, vegetation community distribution and soil and water media extension are obtained simultaneously. In the picture, the drone is located above, the monitoring points are evenly distributed on the ground, and the background is a complete ecosystem including woodland, farmland and water system. The data is obtained by combining drone imagery with ground measurement data.

[0027] When establishing unified spatial unit coordinates based on the natural extension trend of the entire landform, the spatial information corresponding to the undulating structure of the entire landform is used as a reference to determine the overall extension direction of the entire landform. A plane rectangular coordinate system is used as the coordinate reference for the spatial unit. The origin of the coordinate system is set as the northwest vertex of the entire landform. The x-axis is parallel to the lateral extension direction of the entire landform, and the y-axis is parallel to the longitudinal extension direction of the entire landform. The entire landform is divided into 500m×500m square spatial units, and each unit is assigned a unique coordinate code to complete the establishment of unified spatial unit coordinates for the entire landform.

[0028] When structurally adjusting raster data of different specifications from the overall surface environment observation data, various types of raster data were retrieved. The surface undulation structure raster resolution was 30m×30m, the vegetation community raster resolution was 50m×50m, and the soil and water medium raster resolution was 40m×40m. Bilinear interpolation was used to uniformly adjust all raster data to a 30m×30m resolution, and the spatial coordinates of the raster data were simultaneously calibrated to ensure accurate correspondence between the raster data and the coordinates of the deployed spatial units. When aligning multiple sets of vector contour edges point-to-point, vector data corresponding to surface undulation, vegetation community, and soil and water medium were extracted. Edge feature points of each set of vectors were extracted, with one feature point selected every 10m along each edge. The edge feature points of different vectors were matched one-to-one according to their spatial coordinates to correct alignment deviations. The adjusted raster data and the aligned vector data were then integrated to obtain a standardized overall spatial data layer.

[0029] Optionally, step S1, which involves standardizing the raster data and aligning the vector data edges, specifically includes:

[0030] The overall grid layout structure is adjusted according to the spatial information corresponding to the surface undulations, and the long strip-shaped vector edge outline is split into segmented independent structures;

[0031] Based on the spatial information corresponding to the natural extension of the soil and water medium along the terrain, the vector edge contours after being split are connected and the abrupt bending structure at the connection position of the vector edge contours is adjusted.

[0032] The adjusted vector structure is matched with the regular grid, and the whole-domain surface environment observation data is combined based on the preset spatial unit coordinates to form a standardized whole-domain spatial data layer.

[0033] In this embodiment, spatial information corresponding to previously collected surface undulations is retrieved. This information serves as the core basis for determining the grid layout. A uniform grid size of 30m × 30m is selected, dividing the entire area into several continuous grid units. Each grid unit corresponds to a unique spatial coordinate, ensuring that the grid coverage area perfectly matches the surface undulation trend. To address the differences in surface undulations across different regions, the grid is adjusted by region. A uniform grid layout is used in areas with gentle terrain, while a denser grid layout is used in areas with significant undulations, with the grid spacing controlled between 5-8m. Simultaneously, all grid data is uniformly calibrated to align grid coordinates with spatial unit coordinates, adjusting the internal information layout of the grid to ensure that the grid data perfectly corresponds to the spatial distribution of surface undulations, thus completing the standardization adjustment of the grid structure.

[0034] The edge structure corresponding to the global vector data is extracted. The elongated vector edge contour is divided into several independent segments according to the spatial unit division standard. Each vector edge segment is assigned 2-3 feature points to ensure that the segmented vector structure completely corresponds to the raster unit. During the segmentation process, the complete coordinate information of each vector edge segment is preserved, and the segment length is controlled between 50-80m to avoid connection deviations caused by excessively long vectors. After segmentation, each vector edge segment is individually marked to clarify the spatial coordinate range of each segment.

[0035] Based on the spatial information of the natural extension of the soil and water medium along the terrain, the segmented vector data is connected. During the connection process, the spatial unit coordinates are strictly aligned, and the deviation at each connection point is controlled within ±2cm. For abrupt bends at the connection points, linear smoothing is used to adjust the extension angle of the vector edges, ensuring that the vector connection perfectly matches the natural distribution trajectory of the soil and water medium. Subsequently, the adjusted vector data is correlated with the normalized raster data, and all spatial information is integrated according to the arrangement order of the spatial unit coordinates. The data format and coordinate reference are unified to form a standardized global spatial data layer.

[0036] Preferably, step S2: Divide the global spatial data layer into continuous and closed independent spatial units, and extract spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions from the global spatial data layer; combine the spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions in the same position based on the spatial unit coordinates to construct a global ecological composite spatial layer;

[0037] Optionally, in step S2, dividing the global spatial data layer into continuous, closed, independent spatial units specifically involves:

[0038] The overall spatial data layer is divided into two parts based on the spatial information corresponding to the natural extension of the soil and water media along the terrain. The spatial range is divided along the natural horizontal extension trend of the terrain and along the natural vertical extension trend of the terrain.

[0039] The outlines of each independent spatial unit after segmentation are independent of each other and do not overlap; the outer boundary lines of the unit are determined based on the spatial information corresponding to the surface undulation structure, and a closed-loop segmentation mode is adopted to complete the overall layout of the entire domain of enclosed spatial units.

[0040] In this embodiment, spatial information corresponding to the natural extension of soil and water media along the terrain, collected in the early stage, is retrieved. Spatial distribution coordinates and boundary range data are extracted from this information and used as the dividing benchmark for the whole-domain spatial data layer. The outer boundary, internal partition boundary, and core area of ​​soil and water media distribution of the whole-domain spatial data layer are clarified, and the overall range of the whole-domain spatial unit division is determined to ensure that the division range completely covers the boundary of the whole-domain surface environment data collected in the early stage. The grid size is set to 30m×30m. Based on this grid, several horizontal cutting areas are divided along the natural horizontal extension direction of the terrain. The width of each horizontal cutting area is controlled at 150-200m. At the same time, several vertical cutting areas are divided along the natural vertical extension direction of the terrain. The length of the vertical cutting areas is controlled at 200-250m to achieve uniform division of the whole-domain space.

[0041] Based on the spatial information corresponding to the surface undulation structure, the outline boundary of each independent spatial unit is determined, and the boundary of each segmented region is marked to ensure that the outline line of each independent spatial unit is clearly marked. The boundary spacing between adjacent units is controlled at 5-8m, and the outlines of each unit do not overlap or intersect. For each segmented region, its spatial coordinate information is extracted to determine the specific direction of the outer boundary of the unit. Combined with the distribution trajectory of water and soil media, the abrupt parts of the boundary line are corrected so that the outline of each independent spatial unit is consistent with the natural trend of the surface, and each unit forms a closed outline.

[0042] Using closed-loop segmentation technology, all independent spatial units are arranged sequentially according to the terrain extension direction. The boundary of each unit corresponds precisely to the undulation of the ground. The connection between units adopts a seamless connection method, and the connection deviation is controlled within ±3cm. Based on the spatial unit coordinates set in the early stage, all independent spatial units are integrated as a whole. According to the natural extension direction of the terrain, the layout of all enclosed spatial units in the entire area is completed. Each unit is marked with corresponding spatial coordinates and boundary range.

[0043] Optionally, step S2 may involve extracting spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions from the global spatial data layer, including:

[0044] Select the spatial coverage areas corresponding to soil and water conservation ecosystem services, vegetation carbon sequestration ecosystem services, habitat conservation ecosystem services, and environmental purification ecosystem services.

[0045] Spatial data are extracted based on the inherent spatial boundaries of ecological services such as soil and water conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, habitat conservation, and environmental purification.

[0046] In this embodiment, complete surface environmental spatial information within the entire spatial data layer is retrieved. Based on spatial markers such as topography, vegetation cover, soil and water distribution, and ecological buffer zones, the exclusive spatial function areas of four types of ecological services are defined sequentially. The corresponding area for soil and water conservation ecological services refers to the area within the entire domain where soil layers are continuously distributed, surface water systems flow regularly, and slope structures are stable. This type of area carries the spatial carriers of soil structure attachment, water retention, and soil and water material retention. The soil texture zoning boundary and the surface runoff flow boundary are used as the basis for defining the area. The corresponding area for vegetation carbon sequestration ecological services refers to the area within the entire domain where herbaceous vegetation, shrub vegetation, and tree vegetation grow in contiguous patches. This type of area is centered on the concentrated distribution blocks of various vegetation communities, and the outer boundary formed by the natural spread of vegetation communities is used as the basis for defining the area.

[0047] The habitat conservation category of ecosystem services refers to areas within the entire region where native vegetation is concentrated, natural landforms are well preserved, and ecological structures are continuous. These areas serve as spatial carriers for the natural habitat of organisms and the continuation of native ecological structures, with the natural boundaries of native ecological clusters serving as the basis for defining their scope. The environmental purification category of ecosystem services refers to areas within the entire region covered by ecological buffer transition zones, surface material buffer and subsidence blocks, and natural vegetation isolation zones. These areas serve as spatial carriers for the buffering and component regulation of natural environmental materials, with the boundary lines of buffer landform transitions serving as the basis for defining their scope. The boundary points of all four types of spatial coverage are marked using a unified coordinate system across the entire region, with a fixed spacing of twenty meters between the boundary points.

[0048] The system identifies the natural contours of water and soil conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, habitat conservation, and environmental purification ecosystem services. These natural boundaries are used as inherent limits for each type of ecosystem service, and independent closed regions are identified along their extension. Extraction intervals are defined according to the inherent boundaries of each ecosystem service. Partitioned data extraction is performed within the overall spatial data layer, stripping away the spatial coordinates, surface structures, community distribution, and other exclusive spatial content corresponding to each of the four ecosystem dimensions. All extraction operations use the same overall spatial unit coordinate reference. Multiple sets of separated spatial data are then categorized and collected, completing the hierarchical splitting of spatial data for different ecosystem dimensions.

[0049] Optionally, in step S2, the spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions are superimposed and combined in the same position based on the spatial unit coordinates, specifically as follows:

[0050] Using the coordinates of enclosed spatial units as the benchmark for multi-layer data overlay, multi-dimensional spatial information is arranged sequentially according to the category of ecosystem services.

[0051] Align multi-dimensional spatial information, and according to the natural spread of the vegetation community, cover the corresponding spatial information coverage area, and combine the internal spatial structure of the spatial unit to arrange the multi-layer content area.

[0052] A comprehensive ecological composite spatial layer is constructed based on the multi-layered content areas arranged in an ecological layout.

[0053] In this embodiment, the coordinates of previously established continuous, enclosed, independent spatial units are retrieved. These coordinates serve as a unified benchmark for overlaying multi-ecological-dimensional spatial data. During the overlay process, the 30m × 30m spatial unit size is strictly adhered to, ensuring precise correspondence between the spatial unit coordinates and the coordinate systems of various ecological-dimensional data. According to a preset ecological service category order, spatial data corresponding to soil and water conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, habitat conservation, and environmental purification are arranged sequentially. The arrangement order is fixed as soil and water conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, habitat conservation, and environmental purification. Each ecological-dimensional data category is treated as a separate overlay layer, and each layer is labeled with a complete data name to ensure correspondence with the previously extracted spatial data names. The layer thickness is uniformly set to 1 pixel.

[0054] Precise alignment of spatial data layers for four ecological dimensions was performed. During the alignment process, the spatial data corresponding to vegetation carbon sequestration ecosystem services was used as the reference layer. The spatial data layers corresponding to soil and water conservation, habitat conservation, and environmental purification ecosystem services were aligned one by one to the spatial coordinate system of the reference layer. The alignment deviation was controlled within ±2cm to ensure that the boundaries of the spatial units of each layer completely overlapped. The spatial information corresponding to the natural spread of vegetation communities collected in the early stage was retrieved, and its complete spatial coverage interval coordinates and boundary range were extracted. Based on this, combined with the internal spatial structure such as the surface undulation structure, water and soil medium distribution, and vegetation growth status within each closed spatial unit, the content intervals of each ecological dimension data layer were ecologically arranged. The multi-dimensional data content within each spatial unit all conformed to the natural spread trajectory of the vegetation community, and the arrangement spacing was controlled within 5-8m.

[0055] Integrate all multi-layered content areas with complete ecological layout, confirming that there are no misalignments or overlaps in the data of each layer, that the multi-dimensional ecological information within each spatial unit is completely corresponding, and that all data strictly matches the coordinate benchmark of the closed spatial unit. Then, merge the spatial data layers of the four ecological dimensions layer by layer, preserving the complete spatial information of each ecological dimension during the fusion process, without losing the spatial coordinates and structural details corresponding to any type of ecological service. Set the layer transparency to 80% during fusion to ensure that the multi-layered data content can be clearly superimposed and displayed. After fusion, integrate the multi-layered ecological information within all spatial units, unify the data format and coordinate benchmark, and supplement the ecological service category identifiers corresponding to each spatial unit to form a comprehensive ecological spatial layer.

[0056] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the spatial layers of the overall ecological complex. Different colored areas clearly correspond to spatial data layers representing three core ecological services. The blue areas represent soil and water conservation services, primarily covering flat terrain, areas with flowing water systems, and stable soil structure. These areas serve as core spatial carriers for water retention, soil stabilization, and the preservation of soil and water resources. The dark green areas correspond to habitat conservation services, mainly consisting of large tracts of native forest and contiguous areas of dense vegetation. These areas feature concentrated native vegetation, intact natural landforms, and continuous ecological structures, making them crucial carriers for biological habitats and the survival of native ecosystems. The yellow-green and light green transitional areas represent spatial data layers for environmental purification services. These are mostly distributed in buffer zones and vegetation isolation zones at the boundaries of forests, farmland, and water systems. As ecological transition zones, they buffer the deposition of surface materials and regulate natural environmental components, playing a filtering and purifying role. Each layer is defined by a unified spatial coordinate system, with clear boundaries that align with the natural surface terrain, collectively forming a complete ecological complex spatial system.

[0057] Preferably, step S3: identify the continuous distribution pattern of the ecological composite spatial layer, and delineate the ecological segmentation boundary based on the continuous distribution pattern; merge adjacent spatial units with consistent characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer, and isolate spatial units with fragmented characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer to construct an initial partitioning framework for the entire domain.

[0058] Optionally, identifying the continuous distribution pattern of the ecological composite spatial layer in step S3 includes:

[0059] The arrangement and structure of ecological elements of each ecological service category within the ecological composite spatial layer are traversed segment by segment.

[0060] Identify the extended forms formed by the continuous spread of ecological elements along the terrain; identify the discrete forms formed by the fragmented and scattered arrangement of ecological elements, and mark the boundary points where the extended and discrete forms transition into each other.

[0061] Record the coverage area of ​​extended and discrete morphologies along the landform direction, determine the overall arrangement order of ecological elements in the whole area, and distinguish the morphological differences between extended and discrete morphological structures.

[0062] In this embodiment, the ecological composite spatial layer is comprehensively traversed region by region and point by point, covering all spatial units in the entire area. The traversal interval is set to 5 meters to ensure no area is missed. During the traversal, spatial information corresponding to all ecological service categories within the layer is extracted simultaneously. The focus is on identifying ecological elements corresponding to four ecological services: soil and water conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, habitat protection, and environmental purification. The specific distribution location, morphological characteristics, and boundary coordinates of each type of ecological element are recorded in detail. At the same time, the spatial correlation of each type of ecological element is checked one by one to confirm the arrangement logic of ecological elements corresponding to different ecological services.

[0063] The distribution structure of ecological elements for each ecosystem service category within the ecological composite spatial layer is identified segment by segment. For continuous areas formed by naturally spreading vegetation communities, the distribution range of vegetation carbon sequestration-related ecological elements is determined; for areas with concentrated soil media and continuous water and soil distribution, the distribution boundaries of water and soil conservation-related ecological elements are determined; for areas with intact native ecological structures and suitable biological habitats, the distribution range of habitat conservation-related ecological elements is determined; and for buffer transition zones, the coverage range of environmental purification-related ecological elements is determined. The distribution boundaries of various ecological elements are precisely marked with a spacing of 10 meters. The spatial coordinates, distribution range, and morphological characteristics of each ecological element are recorded simultaneously. The study distinguishes between continuous, extended forms and fragmented, scattered forms, marking the specific boundary coordinates of both types of forms.

[0064] The system comprehensively records the specific distribution information of extended and discrete morphologies, clearly defining the coordinates of the coverage areas of both types. It records the continuous distribution length, spatial proportion, and boundary inflection point coordinates of extended morphologies, as well as the break points, scattering range, and distribution density of discrete morphologies. Simultaneously, it accurately marks the transition points between extended and discrete morphologies, with each transition point corresponding to specific spatial coordinates, and the spacing between these transition points is controlled at 8 meters. All recorded spatial information, morphological characteristics, and transition points are then uniformly organized to clarify the core differences between extended and discrete morphologies, completing the comprehensive identification and recording of the distribution patterns of various ecological elements within the ecological composite spatial layer.

[0065] Optionally, in step S3, the ecological demarcation boundary is determined based on the continuous distribution pattern as follows:

[0066] The intersection of extended and discrete forms is selected as a reference. The boundary line is extended along the direction of the terrain undulation and the direction of the continuous extension of ecological elements, connecting multiple intersection points and forming a closed ecological outline.

[0067] The trajectory of the boundary lines is adjusted according to the overall arrangement of ecological elements in the whole area. Different spatial areas are separated by the boundary lines, and independent ecological space segments are divided.

[0068] In this embodiment, a standardized global spatial data layer that has been constructed previously is retrieved, and the extended and discrete morphological regions are extracted. Spatial coordinate positioning technology is used to capture the intersection points of the two types of regions. Each intersection point corresponds to a specific spatial coordinate, and the distance between intersection points is controlled at 5 meters. Starting from each intersection point, an initial boundary line is drawn along the natural extension direction of the terrain. The line width is controlled at 0.5 mm, and the line direction strictly follows the undulation of the ground surface to ensure that the boundary line is consistent with the natural distribution trajectory of the soil and water medium. At the same time, all intersection points are connected to form a preliminary boundary outline.

[0069] Based on the connected boundary lines, the outline details are supplemented and improved, and the line joints are smoothed to eliminate line stuttering and misalignment, ensuring the continuity and integrity of the outline lines. The drawing of closed outlines strictly follows the global spatial unit coordinate system, and the outline boundary is consistent with the previously determined ecological service area boundary. The side length of the closed outline is controlled between 50 and 80 meters, and each closed outline corresponds to a unique spatial coordinate range, ensuring that the closed outlines have no gaps or overlaps, and that each closed outline can completely cover the corresponding ecological service spatial range.

[0070] The overall layout data of ecological elements across the entire region is retrieved. According to the natural distribution law of ecological elements, the extension trajectory of the boundary lines is adjusted to ensure that the boundary lines are completely matched with the surface undulation and the distribution of soil and water media. The adjusted boundary lines have no abrupt bends, and the line deviation is controlled within 2 millimeters. Based on the adjusted boundary lines, the entire region is divided into zones, and the spatial areas corresponding to different ecological services are clearly separated. Each zone is an independent and closed spatial unit with no overlap or gaps between zones. Each spatial segment is marked with its corresponding spatial coordinate range, clearly distinguishing the spatial boundaries of different ecological services, and completing the final delineation of the ecological division boundary.

[0071] Optionally, step S3 includes merging adjacent spatial units with consistent characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer and isolating spatial units with fragmented characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer, including:

[0072] Compare the extension and arrangement of ecological elements within adjacent spatial units, and compare the continuous expansion and extension trends of elements in adjacent spatial units.

[0073] Filter adjacent units whose layout characteristics, such as extended direction and continuous spreading trend, are synchronized;

[0074] Remove the dividing boundary lines between adjacent units, connect the spatial coverage of adjacent units, and complete the fusion of homogeneous units;

[0075] Compare the misalignment of the arrangement of ecological elements within the spatial unit, and compare the fracture locations of the continuous spread structure of ecological elements in the spatial unit.

[0076] Select independent spatial units with misaligned layout and deviations in the fracture position of continuous paved structures;

[0077] A ring-shaped dividing area is delineated around the independent spatial unit with deviation, and the spatial connection structure between the independent spatial unit with deviation and the surrounding area is disconnected, thus completing the separate division of heterogeneous units.

[0078] In this embodiment, each spatial unit in the entire area is checked individually, with a focus on comparing the arrangement and orientation of ecological elements within each unit. A checkpoint is set at 5-meter intervals, and the type, density, and direction of ecological elements within each unit are recorded to ensure consistency in ecological characteristics. Adjacent spatial units are compared pairwise, focusing on three core indicators: surface undulation, vegetation cover type, and soil and water distribution. The comparison error is kept within 2 centimeters. Adjacent spatial units with consistent ecological element arrangement and continuous coverage are selected and marked as homogeneous spatial units. Spatial units with significantly different ecological element arrangement and discontinuous coverage are simultaneously marked as heterogeneous spatial units.

[0079] The selected homogeneous spatial units are integrated, and the dividing boundary lines between units are removed to achieve seamless connection between adjacent homogeneous units. During the integration process, the boundaries of adjacent homogeneous units are aligned and spliced ​​based on the preset spatial unit coordinates, with the splicing deviation controlled within 3 centimeters to ensure that the spliced ​​spatial units are continuous without any breaks. At the same time, the spatial data format of each homogeneous unit is unified, and information such as surface undulation and vegetation distribution is matched accordingly to complete the contiguous fusion of homogeneous units.

[0080] The marked heterogeneous spatial units are isolated individually. A 10-meter-wide annular dividing zone is demarcated around each heterogeneous spatial unit as a transition zone between the heterogeneous unit and the surrounding space. Simultaneously, the connecting structures between the heterogeneous unit and the surrounding spatial units are disconnected, clearly defining the boundary range of the heterogeneous unit, with boundary errors controlled within 2 centimeters. Through spatial data layering processing, heterogeneous units are clearly distinguished from homogeneous units, ultimately achieving the fusion of homogeneous units.

[0081] Of particular importance is that step S3, which involves constructing the initial global partitioning framework, specifically involves:

[0082] Retrieve all homogeneous spatial units that have been integrated into a contiguous area across the entire region, and extract the ecological element distribution characteristics and boundary coordinate information of each homogeneous unit;

[0083] Retrieve all heterogeneous spatial units with completed boundary separation within the entire region, and extract the differences in ecological elements and independent boundary ranges of each heterogeneous unit;

[0084] Based on the natural extension direction of the spatial information corresponding to the undulating structure of the Earth's surface, homogeneous spatial units and heterogeneous spatial units are arranged in sequence according to the trend of contiguous distribution of homogeneous units and the independent distribution pattern of heterogeneous units.

[0085] Align the boundary coordinates of homogeneous and heterogeneous spatial units with the terrain features, connect the boundary joints of homogeneous and heterogeneous units, and fill the gaps between unit joints.

[0086] By splicing and integrating homogeneous and heterogeneous spatial units, an initial zoning framework for the entire domain is formed.

[0087] In this embodiment, homogeneous spatial units that have completed contiguous fusion processing across the entire region are aggregated. The arrangement characteristics of ecological elements within each unit, such as extension direction, community layout, and spatial coverage, are read in batches. Simultaneously, the boundary coordinates of the outer contours of each homogeneous spatial unit are collected, and coordinates are recorded at segmented points along the unit contour inflection points and edge lines, with a point collection interval set at ten meters. Heterogeneous spatial units that have completed boundary separation processing across the entire region are retrieved in batches. Differences in the arrangement and composition of ecological elements within each unit are collected, and the closed boundary range and edge extension trajectory of each heterogeneous spatial unit are determined.

[0088] Based on the geomorphic extension trajectory marked by spatial information corresponding to the undulations of the landform, the orientation benchmark for the layout of units across the entire region is delineated. According to the distribution trend of the continuous extension of homogeneous spatial units, continuous homogeneous areas are arranged sequentially along the horizontal and vertical extension directions of the landform. Referring to the independent dividing boundary range of each heterogeneous spatial unit, heterogeneous spatial units are interspersed in the connecting sections of homogeneous areas and the transition sections of the landform. The layout direction of the units follows the linear extension path of the undulations of the landform, and the angle between adjacent units follows the natural bending angle of the landform. The unit position is marked strictly according to the unified coordinate scale of the entire region, and the spatial layout order of various units is standardized.

[0089] By comparing the surface topography parameters, the boundary coordinate values ​​of homogeneous and heterogeneous spatial units are corrected, the extension angle of the connecting edge lines of the two types of units is adjusted simultaneously, the gap size at the unit boundary is verified segment by segment, and the edge line extension and completion processing is carried out for the connecting gap with a width range of 0.5 meters to 1.2 meters. All homogeneous and heterogeneous spatial units after calibration and arrangement are integrated, the edge line connection standards of various types of units are unified, the spatial reference benchmark of the internal units in the whole area is unified, and the overall spatial outline of the unit combination is standardized.

[0090] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the initial zoning framework for the entire region. The diagram uses real landform remote sensing imagery as a base to show the results of the division of ecological spatial units. Two distinct colors are used to distinguish two types of ecological units: the light green area on the left is a homogeneous ecological spatial unit, representing a contiguous area with a high degree of consistency in the arrangement and coverage characteristics of ecological elements; the dark blue area on the right is a heterogeneous ecological spatial unit, which is an area with obvious differences in ecological characteristics and needs to be isolated independently.

[0091] Preferably, step S4: Arrange the initial zoning framework across the entire domain spatially, determine the ecological multifunctionality, and output the quantitative assessment results of ecosystem service multifunctionality.

[0092] Of particular importance is that step S4, which involves arranging the initial global partitioning framework in a global spatial layout, includes:

[0093] Retrieve the coordinate parameters of the unified spatial coordinate system for the entire domain, and compare them with the boundary coordinate information of each partition unit to pinpoint the precise placement of each unit;

[0094] Extract the undulation distribution data of the original surface landform of the region, and combine the landform undulation gradient to determine the overall layout structure and spatial orientation of each partition unit.

[0095] By comparing the distribution range and extension trend of various ecological elements within the overall spatial data layer, the spatial orientation and layout angle of each partition unit are adjusted one by one;

[0096] Correct the boundary misalignment and abrupt structure at the connection position of adjacent partition units, and adjust the relative spacing of each unit in accordance with the natural arrangement law of ecological elements in the whole area.

[0097] The coordinate matching degree between the zoning framework and the global spatial data layer is calibrated to complete the alignment and deployment of the zoning framework with the global natural space and ecological elements.

[0098] In this embodiment, the parameters of the pre-set global unified spatial coordinate system are retrieved. The coordinates adopt the Gauss-Kruger projection, the central meridian is set to 117°E, the origin of the coordinates corresponds to the northwest vertex of the entire domain, and the coordinate accuracy is accurate to 0.1 meters. The boundary coordinate information of all homogeneous and heterogeneous spatial units within the initial global partitioning framework is compared one by one with the parameters of the global unified spatial coordinate system. The coordinates are checked by a feature point every 5 meters of the unit boundary. The precise placement position of each partitioning unit in the global space is locked by the corresponding point coordinates. Each unit corresponds to a unique coordinate interval, and the coordinate interval covers the entire boundary range of the unit.

[0099] Extract the undulation distribution data of the original surface landforms collected in the early stage, including core data such as surface elevation difference, slope, and aspect. The slope is divided into gradients of 0-5°, 5-15°, and above 15°. Combined with the undulation characteristics of different gradient landforms, the overall layout structure of each zone unit is determined. A uniform grid layout structure is adopted for gentle landform areas (0-5°), a slope-direction-extending layout structure is adopted for gentle slope areas (5-15°), and a dense and compact layout structure is adopted for steep slope areas (above 15°). By comparing the distribution range and extension trend of ecological elements such as soil and water conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, habitat conservation, and environmental purification in the whole-domain spatial data layer, the spatial orientation and layout angle of each zone unit are adjusted one by one. The spatial orientation is consistent with the extension direction of the ecological elements, and the angle between the layout angle and the slope aspect is controlled within 10°.

[0100] The connection positions of adjacent partition units were checked segment by segment, the boundary misalignment distance was measured, and the boundary lines of parts with misalignment distances exceeding 0.3 meters were corrected. Abrupt bends at the connection points were removed so that the connection boundary lines conformed to the natural extension trajectory of the ecological elements. The relative spacing of each partition unit was adjusted with reference to the natural arrangement order of the ecological elements in the whole area. The spacing between homogeneous contiguous units was controlled within 0.5 meters, and the spacing between heterogeneous units and surrounding units was controlled within 8 meters, with a spacing error not exceeding 0.2 meters. The adjusted partition framework was then calibrated with the whole area spatial data layer for coordinate matching, and the coordinate deviation between the two was calculated. Areas with a deviation exceeding 0.1 meters were adjusted by overall offset.

[0101] Optionally, the ecological multifunctionality determination in step S4 specifically involves:

[0102] Retrieve the multi-layered ecological space content within each spatial unit and extract the arrangement of various ecological elements within a single spatial unit;

[0103] The spatial distribution range of multiple types of ecosystem services within a spatial unit is statistically analyzed to determine the combination and matching of different ecosystem services within the same spatial unit.

[0104] By comparing the spatial structure and layout of the zones, functional combination types are distinguished, and the ecological characteristics of each unit in the entire area are summarized and integrated into multi-dimensional spatial information.

[0105] The ecological space content of each zone unit is broken down into multiple layers, and the spatial coverage and layout of each type of ecological service are determined after the breakdown.

[0106] By combining the extension forms of zoning boundaries with various ecosystem services, ecological function levels corresponding to different combinations are defined.

[0107] The hierarchical division results of all partition units within the entire region are collected to generate quantitative assessment results of the multifunctionality of ecosystem services.

[0108] In this embodiment, the ecological spatial content of each spatial unit within the initial zoning framework is retrieved, which includes spatial data corresponding to water and soil conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, habitat conservation, and environmental purification ecosystem services. The arrangement, distribution density, and spatial proportion of various ecological elements within each spatial unit are read block by block. An element verification point is set every 5 meters to record the type and distribution status of ecological elements at each point. The spatial distribution range of the four types of ecosystem services within each spatial unit is statistically analyzed. Using a grid counting method with a 30m×30m grid as the statistical unit, the number of grid coverages of each type of ecosystem service in the corresponding spatial unit is counted, and the spatial proportion of each type of ecosystem service is calculated. The combination and matching forms of different ecosystem services in the same spatial unit are determined, and the specific composition of the combination and matching and the proportion parameters of each type of service are recorded simultaneously.

[0109] By comparing the structural layout of each spatial unit and the combination of ecosystem services, different functional combination types are distinguished, including three types: single ecosystem service-dominated, two ecosystem service symbiotic, and three or more ecosystem service composite. Each functional combination type corresponds to a clear ecological element layout characteristic. Ecological characteristics of all spatial units across the entire region are summarized, including ecological element types, ecosystem service combination forms, and the spatial proportion of each service. This information is then integrated sequentially according to spatial unit coordinates to form a spatial information set covering multiple dimensions of water and soil, vegetation, habitat, and purification. This information set corresponds to the unified spatial coordinate system of the entire region, and the multi-dimensional information of each spatial unit is labeled with complete data names, consistent with the previously extracted ecological spatial data.

[0110] The system breaks down the multi-layered ecological spatial content within each zonal unit, extracting spatial data for each ecological service category—soil and water conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, habitat conservation, and environmental purification—to clarify the spatial coverage, distribution, and boundary coordinates of each ecological service. The process preserves complete spatial information for each ecological service without losing any detailed data. Based on the boundary extension patterns of each zonal unit, each ecological service is associated with its corresponding zonal boundary. According to the number of ecological service combinations and the spatial proportion of each service, three ecological function levels are defined: Level 1 for a single dominant ecological service, Level 2 for two symbiotic ecological services, and Level 3 for three or more composite ecological services. This level division strictly adheres to the actual situation of ecological service combinations and follows a unified standard. The system collects the level division results for all zonal units across the entire region, statistically analyzing the number, spatial distribution, and coordinates of units at each functional level. This results in a quantitative assessment of the multifunctionality of ecosystem services, including details of each unit level, statistical data on ecological service combinations, and an overview of the overall functional distribution across the entire region.

[0111] Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the application are intended to be included within the invention.

[0112] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention herein.

Claims

1. An ecosystem service multifunctionality assessment and its spatial partition optimization method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Collect full-area surface environment observation data of the ecosystem, set spatial unit coordinates, complete the unified specification of raster data and the edge alignment of vector data, and generate a standardized full-area spatial data layer; Step S2: Divide the global spatial data layer into continuous and closed independent spatial units, and extract spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions from the global spatial data layer; combine the spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions in the same position based on the spatial unit coordinates to construct a global ecological composite spatial layer; Step S3: Identify the continuous distribution pattern of the ecological composite spatial layer, and delineate the ecological segmentation boundary based on the continuous distribution pattern; merge adjacent spatial units with consistent characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer, and isolate spatial units with fragmented characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer to construct the initial partitioning framework of the entire domain. Step S4: Arrange the initial global zoning framework spatially across the entire domain, determine the ecological multifunctionality, and output the quantitative assessment results of ecosystem service multifunctionality.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step S1 involves collecting comprehensive surface environment observation data for the entire ecosystem, including: Spatial information corresponding to the undulating structure of the land surface, spatial information corresponding to the natural spread of vegetation communities, and spatial information corresponding to the natural extension of soil and water media with the terrain are collected and compiled into whole-area surface environment observation data of the ecosystem. By combining the pre-set natural extension trend of the entire landform with the unified spatial unit coordinates, the structure of different specifications of raster data of the entire land surface environment observation data is adjusted, and the multiple sets of vector contour edges of the entire land surface environment observation data are arranged point-to-point to obtain a standardized entire spatial data layer.

3. The method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing its spatial zoning according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S1, which involves standardizing raster data and aligning vector data edges, specifically includes: The overall grid layout structure is adjusted according to the spatial information corresponding to the surface undulations, and the long strip-shaped vector edge outline is split into segmented independent structures; Based on the spatial information corresponding to the natural extension of the soil and water medium along the terrain, the vector edge contours after being split are connected and the abrupt bending structure at the connection position of the vector edge contours is adjusted. The adjusted vector structure is matched with the regular grid, and the whole-domain surface environment observation data is combined based on the preset spatial unit coordinates to form a standardized whole-domain spatial data layer.

4. The method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing its spatial zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2, which involves dividing the global spatial data layer into continuous, closed, independent spatial units, specifically involves: The overall spatial data layer is divided into two parts based on the spatial information corresponding to the natural extension of the soil and water media along the terrain. The spatial range is divided along the natural horizontal extension trend of the terrain and along the natural vertical extension trend of the terrain. The outlines of each independent spatial unit after segmentation are independent of each other and do not overlap; the outer boundary lines of the unit are determined based on the spatial information corresponding to the surface undulation structure, and a closed-loop segmentation mode is adopted to complete the overall layout of the entire domain of enclosed spatial units.

5. The method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing its spatial zoning according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S2 involves extracting spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions from the global spatial data layer, including: Select the spatial coverage areas corresponding to soil and water conservation ecosystem services, vegetation carbon sequestration ecosystem services, habitat conservation ecosystem services, and environmental purification ecosystem services. Spatial data are extracted based on the inherent spatial boundaries of ecological services such as soil and water conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, habitat conservation, and environmental purification.

6. The method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing its spatial zoning according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S2 involves combining spatial data corresponding to different ecological dimensions by overlaying them in the same location based on spatial unit coordinates. Using the coordinates of enclosed spatial units as the benchmark for multi-layer data overlay, multi-dimensional spatial information is arranged sequentially according to the category of ecosystem services. Align multi-dimensional spatial information, and according to the natural spread of the vegetation community, cover the corresponding spatial information coverage area, and combine the internal spatial structure of the spatial unit to arrange the multi-layer content area. A comprehensive ecological composite spatial layer is constructed based on the multi-layered content areas arranged in an ecological layout.

7. The method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing its spatial zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 involves identifying the continuous distribution patterns of the ecological composite spatial layer, including: The arrangement and structure of ecological elements of each ecological service category within the ecological composite spatial layer are traversed segment by segment. Identify the extended forms formed by the continuous spread of ecological elements along the terrain; identify the discrete forms formed by the fragmented and scattered arrangement of ecological elements, and mark the boundary points where the extended and discrete forms transition into each other. Record the coverage area of ​​extended and discrete morphologies along the landform direction, determine the overall arrangement order of ecological elements in the whole area, and distinguish the morphological differences between extended and discrete morphological structures.

8. The method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing its spatial zoning according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S3, which involves delineating ecological boundaries based on continuous distribution patterns, specifically includes: The intersection of extended and discrete forms is selected as a reference. The boundary line is extended along the direction of the terrain undulation and the direction of the continuous extension of ecological elements, connecting multiple intersection points and forming a closed ecological outline. The trajectory of the boundary lines is adjusted according to the overall arrangement of ecological elements in the whole area. Different spatial areas are separated by the boundary lines, and independent ecological space segments are divided.

9. The method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing its spatial zoning according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S3 involves merging adjacent spatial units with consistent characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer and isolating spatial units with fragmented characteristics in the ecological composite spatial layer, including: Compare the extension and arrangement of ecological elements within adjacent spatial units, and compare the continuous expansion and extension trends of elements in adjacent spatial units. Filter adjacent units whose layout characteristics, such as extended direction and continuous spreading trend, are synchronized; Remove the dividing boundary lines between adjacent units, connect the spatial coverage of adjacent units, and complete the fusion of homogeneous units; Compare the misalignment of the arrangement of ecological elements within the spatial unit, and compare the fracture locations of the continuous spread structure of ecological elements in the spatial unit. Select independent spatial units with misaligned layout and deviations in the fracture position of continuous paved structures; A ring-shaped dividing area is delineated around the independent spatial unit with deviation, and the spatial connection structure between the independent spatial unit with deviation and the surrounding area is disconnected, thus completing the separate division of heterogeneous units.

10. The method for assessing the multifunctionality of ecosystem services and optimizing its spatial zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological multifunctionality determination in step S4 specifically involves: Retrieve the multi-layered ecological space content within each spatial unit and extract the arrangement of various ecological elements within a single spatial unit; The spatial distribution range of multiple types of ecosystem services within a spatial unit is statistically analyzed to determine the combination and matching of different ecosystem services within the same spatial unit. By comparing the spatial structure and layout of the zones, functional combination types are distinguished, and the ecological characteristics of each unit in the entire area are summarized and integrated into multi-dimensional spatial information. The ecological space content of each zone unit is broken down into multiple layers, and the spatial coverage and layout of each type of ecological service are determined after the breakdown. By combining the extension forms of zoning boundaries with various ecosystem services, ecological function levels corresponding to different combinations are defined. The hierarchical division results of all partition units within the entire region are collected to generate quantitative assessment results of the multifunctionality of ecosystem services.

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