Methods, devices, equipment, media and products for fire safety assessment of historical and cultural blocks

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, device, equipment, medium, and product for fire safety assessment of historical and cultural blocks. Addressing issues in existing assessment methods such as the disconnect between individual building and regional assessments, the difficulty in integrating rigid constraints of historical and cultural heritage protection, and strong subjectivity in weight assignment, this invention constructs a two-tiered assessment index system at the building and regional levels, establishing an integrated building-regional radiation and linkage assessment model. It comprehensively calculates the fire safety assessment value by combining the building's own risk, the risk radiation and transmission from surrounding buildings, and regional index scores. Cultural heritage characteristic coefficients are embedded in the calculation of building-level indicators, achieving deep integration of cultural heritage protection and fire safety assessment. Fire hazard characteristic values ​​are used as objective labels, and a random forest algorithm is employed to optimize index weights and correct subjective biases. This invention aligns with the characteristics of historical and cultural blocks, overcomes the limitations of connecting individual buildings with regional assessments, significantly improves the objectivity and accuracy of assessments, and achieves multi-scale, precise quantitative assessment from individual buildings to the entire block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire safety technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment, medium and product for fire safety assessment of historical and cultural blocks. Background Technology

[0002] Historical and cultural districts combine the protection of cultural relics, the inheritance of culture, and public use. These districts typically exhibit key characteristics such as a high density of old brick-and-wood buildings, narrow and winding streets and alleys, limited access to fire-fighting facilities, rapid fire spread, and the need for restoration that also preserves the historical character of the area. Conventional fire safety assessment methods are insufficient to address these unique needs. Currently, the technical methods for fire safety assessment are mainly divided into two categories: building-level and area-level fire safety assessments.

[0003] Building-level fire safety assessments use individual buildings as the assessment unit, focusing on indicators such as the building's fire protection design, fire resistance rating, and fire-fighting facilities. They can only determine whether a single building meets basic fire safety requirements, failing to consider the spatial characteristics of historical and cultural districts where buildings are clustered together and fires easily spread along streets and alleys, and thus cannot reflect the interconnected risks between buildings. Regional-level fire safety assessments use urban areas as the assessment unit, employing a general regional assessment indicator system. They focus on macro-indicators such as the distribution of fire hazard sources, fire rescue capabilities, and infrastructure within the region. By dividing risk areas and identifying risk levels, they provide macro-level guidance for regional fire safety management. However, these methods lack specific design considerations for the characteristics of historical and cultural districts, such as concentrated protected buildings, narrow streets and alleys, high building density, and stringent requirements for preserving historical features, making it difficult to accurately identify core hidden danger points within historical and cultural districts.

[0004] Furthermore, existing assessment methods are mostly qualitative descriptions, lacking systematic quantitative calculations. Commonly used quantitative methods rely on subjective experience to assign weights, and differences in experience among assessors can lead to different weight assignments, thus affecting the objectivity and consistency of the assessment results. Therefore, current assessment methods cannot accurately meet the fire safety assessment needs of historical and cultural districts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, device, equipment, medium, and product for fire safety assessment of historical and cultural blocks. By combining the unique characteristics of buildings within historical and cultural blocks, an integrated assessment of buildings and the area is conducted, breaking through the limitations of separate assessment of individual buildings and the area. At the same time, a subjective and objective weighting method combining the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method is adopted, and the weights are corrected by the random forest algorithm, which significantly reduces subjective interference, improves the objectivity of the assessment, and realizes accurate quantitative assessment of fire safety in historical and cultural blocks from the building itself to the entire block area.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for fire safety assessment of historical and cultural blocks, including: Acquire basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information of each building in the historical and cultural block, and construct a fire safety assessment index system; wherein, the fire safety assessment index system includes building-level indicators and regional-level indicators; Based on the building basic information, the cultural heritage protection level information, the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information, and the management and maintenance information, calculate the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional-level indicators; The initial weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator are determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method. The initial weights are then corrected using the random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator. Based on the scores of each of the aforementioned building indicators and the target weights, the building risk score of a single building and the risk transmission score radiated from surrounding buildings are calculated, and the building-level indicator score is calculated in combination with the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient. Based on the scores of each regional indicator and the target weight, the total score of all regional indicators is calculated to obtain the regional indicator score. The comprehensive fire safety assessment score of the historical and cultural block is obtained by adding the building-level index score and the regional index score.

[0007] As an improvement to the above scheme, the step of calculating the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional indicators based on the building basic information, the cultural heritage protection level information, the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information, and the management and maintenance information includes: The building basic information and the cultural heritage protection level information are quantified according to the preset scoring rules, and the scores of each building indicator in the building level indicators are calculated. The spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information are quantified according to the scoring rules, and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional indicators are calculated.

[0008] As an improvement to the above scheme, the initial weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator are determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the entropy method, and the initial weights are corrected using the random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator, including: The subjective initial weights of each of the aforementioned building indicators and regional indicators were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The objective initial weights of each of the aforementioned building indicators and regional indicators are determined using the entropy method. Based on the coordinates and radiation radius of the risk points, the fire risk characteristic value of the single building is calculated; The random forest algorithm is used to train the system with the scores of each building indicator and the regional indicator as input features and the fire risk feature value as the output label, so as to obtain the importance weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator to the fire risk feature value. Based on the subjective initial weight, the objective initial weight, and the importance weight, the correction coefficient corresponding to the minimum deviation of the random forest algorithm is calculated using the least squares method. The subjective initial weights and objective initial weights are corrected according to the correction coefficients to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator.

[0009] As an improvement to the above scheme, the step of calculating the building risk score of a single building and the risk transmission score of surrounding buildings based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, and combining the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient to calculate the building-level indicator score, includes: Based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, the total score of all building indicators is calculated to obtain the building risk score of each individual building. Based on the building risk score of each individual building and the spatial layout information, calculate the risk transmission score of the surrounding buildings to be evaluated. Based on the cultural heritage protection level information, determine the cultural heritage protection characteristic coefficient corresponding to the single building to be evaluated; The building risk score and the risk transmission score of the individual building to be evaluated are added together and multiplied by the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient to obtain the building-level index score of the historical and cultural block.

[0010] As an improvement to the above scheme, the formula for calculating the risk transmission score is as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district m Treatment of single building assessment i Risk transmission score; M This represents the total number of surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district that have an impact on the individual building being evaluated. Indicates surrounding buildings m Building risk score; Indicates surrounding buildings m To the single building to be evaluated i The distance decay function, , This represents the neighborhood attenuation coefficient, which is positively correlated with the neighborhood's building density. Indicates the distance between the centroids of the two buildings; This represents the influence coefficient of the street width between two buildings.

[0011] As an improvement to the above scheme, the street width influence coefficient is determined based on the minimum width of the connecting street between the two buildings, and the calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum width of the street or alley connecting two buildings.

[0012] This invention also provides a fire safety assessment device for historical and cultural blocks, comprising: The indicator system construction module is used to acquire basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information of each individual building in the historical and cultural block, and to construct a fire safety assessment indicator system; wherein, the fire safety assessment indicator system includes building-level indicators and regional-level indicators; The indicator quantification and scoring module is used to calculate the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional indicators based on the building basic information, the cultural heritage protection level information, the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information, and the management and operation information. The indicator weight determination module is used to determine the initial weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator by combining the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method, and to correct the initial weights by using the random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator. The building indicator assessment module is used to calculate the building risk score of a single building and the risk transmission score of surrounding buildings based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, and to calculate the building-level indicator score in combination with the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient. The regional indicator evaluation module is used to calculate the total score of all regional indicators based on the scores of each regional indicator and the target weight, so as to obtain the regional indicator score. The fire safety assessment module is used to add the building-level indicator scores and the regional indicator scores to obtain the comprehensive fire safety assessment score of the historical and cultural block.

[0013] This invention also provides a terminal device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks described above.

[0014] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when running, controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks described above.

[0015] This invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or computer instructions. When the computer program or computer instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks described above.

[0016] Compared to existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the fire safety assessment method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and product for historical and cultural blocks provided by this invention are as follows: By acquiring basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information of each individual building within the historical and cultural block, a fire safety assessment index system is constructed; wherein, the fire safety assessment index system includes building-level indicators and regional-level indicators; based on the basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information, the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional-level indicators are calculated; The initial weights of each building indicator and each regional indicator are determined by combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the entropy method. The initial weights are then corrected using a random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights for each building indicator and each regional indicator. Based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weights, the building risk score for a single building and the risk transmission score from surrounding buildings are calculated. Building-level indicator scores are then calculated using cultural heritage characteristic coefficients. Based on the scores of each regional indicator and the target weights, the total score for all regional indicators is calculated to obtain the regional indicator score. The building-level indicator scores and the regional indicator scores are then added together to obtain the comprehensive fire safety assessment score for the historical and cultural district. This embodiment of the invention combines the unique characteristics of buildings within a historical and cultural district to conduct an integrated assessment of buildings and the district, overcoming the limitations of separating single-building and regional assessments. It employs a subjective and objective weighting method combining the AHP and the entropy method, and corrects the weights using a random forest algorithm, significantly reducing subjective interference, improving the objectivity of the assessment, and achieving a precise quantitative assessment of fire safety in historical and cultural districts from the buildings themselves to the entire district. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a preferred embodiment of a fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks provided by the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the radiation radius of fire hazard points in a fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a fire safety assessment device for historical and cultural blocks provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a terminal device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a preferred embodiment of a fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks provided by the present invention. The fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks includes: S1. Obtain basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information of each individual building in the historical and cultural block, and construct a fire safety assessment index system; wherein, the fire safety assessment index system includes building-level indicators and regional-level indicators; S2, based on the building basic information, the cultural heritage protection level information, the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information, and the management and maintenance information, calculate the score of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the score of each regional indicator in the regional-level indicators; S3, the initial weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator are determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method, and the initial weights are corrected by the random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator. S4. Based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, calculate the building risk score of a single building and the risk transmission score of surrounding buildings, and combine the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient to calculate the building-level indicator score. S5. Calculate the total score of all regional indicators based on the scores of each regional indicator and the target weight, and obtain the regional indicator score. S6. Add the building-level index score and the regional index score to obtain the comprehensive fire safety assessment score of the historical and cultural block.

[0020] Specifically, this embodiment of the invention takes the legally protected boundary of a historical and cultural district as the entire area, and each independent building within the district as the basic assessment unit. Through on-site surveys and GIS spatial mapping, it acquires basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information for each individual building within the historical and cultural district, and constructs a fire safety assessment index system. The basic building information includes structural type, year of construction, fire resistance rating, and building area; the cultural relic protection level information includes national / provincial / municipal level cultural relic protection buildings and ordinary historical residences; the spatial layout information includes building spacing, street width, and surrounding obstruction conditions; the fire protection facility information includes facility type, location, concealment, and compatibility with the architectural style; and the management and maintenance information includes daily inspections and fire drills. The fire safety assessment index system includes building-level indicators and regional-level indicators. For example, the fire safety assessment index system constructed in this embodiment is shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Fire Safety Assessment Index System

[0021] This fire safety assessment indicator system includes four primary indicators: building fire performance, regional safety layout, fire protection facilities and rescue capabilities, and fire safety management. Building fire performance is a building-level indicator, while regional safety layout, fire protection facilities and rescue capabilities, and fire safety management are all regional-level indicators. Building-level indicators refer to the various levels of indicators under the primary indicator of building fire performance; regional-level indicators refer to the various levels of indicators under the primary indicators of regional safety layout, fire protection facilities and rescue capabilities, and fire safety management.

[0022] Based on the obtained building basic information, cultural heritage protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and operation information, the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional-level indicators are calculated. .

[0023] Then, the initial weights of each building indicator and regional indicator are determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method. The initial weights are then corrected using the random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and regional indicator. The scores of each building indicator are multiplied by their corresponding target weights and then summed to obtain the building risk score for a single building. And based on the building risk score of a single building Calculate the risk transmission score of radiation from surrounding buildings. Combined with cultural heritage characteristic coefficients Calculate the building grade index score The scores of the indicators for each region. With the corresponding target weight Multiply and sum the results to obtain the total score for all regional indicators. This serves as the regional-level indicator score. In the formula, l This indicates the number of regional indicators, specifically the number of all tertiary indicators under the three primary indicators: regional safety layout, fire protection facilities and rescue, and fire safety management. Indicates the first i The first single building k Weighted scores of indicators for each region; Indicates the first i The first single building k Target weights for regional indicators. Building-level indicator scores. and regional indicator scores The scores are added together to obtain the comprehensive fire safety assessment score for the historical and cultural district. , A higher overall fire safety assessment score indicates a better level of fire safety and lower risk; conversely, a lower overall fire safety assessment score indicates a worse level of fire safety and higher risk.

[0024] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, all index scores are explicitly defined as positive safety scores: the higher the score, the better the fire safety level and the lower the risk; the lower the score, the worse the fire safety level and the higher the risk.

[0025] This invention, based on GIS technology, uses each individual building within a historical and cultural district as the basic assessment unit. It analyzes the fire safety indicators of each individual building and the overall indicators of the region (such as street connectivity, fire rescue accessibility, and fire spread paths), and constructs an integrated regional-scale quantitative calculation model of "building-region" to realize the transmission of building characteristics to regional impact. It integrates three core technologies: rigid constraints of cultural heritage protection, quantitative adaptation of architectural style, and dedicated algorithm correction, forming a fully quantitative, implementable, and universally applicable integrated assessment method, thereby achieving a comprehensive, objective, and accurate assessment of the fire safety level of historical and cultural districts.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, step S2, based on the building foundation information, the cultural heritage protection level information, the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information, and the management and maintenance information, calculates the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional-level indicators, including: S21, quantify the basic building information and the cultural heritage protection level information according to the preset scoring rules, and calculate the score of each building indicator in the building level indicators; S22, quantify the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information, and the management and maintenance information according to the scoring rules, and calculate the score of each regional indicator in the regional indicators.

[0027] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the basic building information and cultural heritage protection level information are quantified according to preset scoring rules to calculate the score of each building indicator in the building-level indicators. Spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information are also quantified according to the scoring rules to calculate the score of each regional indicator in the regional-level indicators. , Indicates the first i The first single building k The scores of indicators for each region. For example, in this embodiment of the invention, the quantification method includes: ① Dimensional indicators can be based on the percentage of the service area within each assessment unit as quantitative indicator values; For example, the road network density index reflects the accessibility of fire trucks within an assessment unit. It uses the percentage of the area within each assessment unit that is accessible to fire trucks as the quantified value. .

[0028] ②Quantitative indicators also adopt the quantile method, which quantifies the data within the evaluation unit grid by dividing it into equal parts; For example, the regional fire rescue capability index is calculated based on the fire rescue stations and their accessibility. The 3-minute and 10-minute reachability ranges for each fire station are determined, which are the fire rescue protection ranges corresponding to each assessment unit. The score is determined by the firefighting travel time corresponding to the protection range in which the unit is located. The corresponding relationship is shown in Table 2 below: Table 2. Quantitative Scoring Table for Firefighting Time

[0029] ③ For dimensionless indicators, qualitative and quantitative processing is carried out according to their risk level and corresponding quantitative range, and then the evaluation score is matched with the evaluation unit.

[0030] For example, indicators such as fire safety management system are scored based on regulations and systems related to fire prevention patrols and inspections, use of fire and electricity, and rectification of hidden dangers.

[0031] The recommended grading of the Level 3 indicator assessment scores is based on standards such as the "Methods for Fire Risk Assessment of Cultural Heritage Buildings (WWT 0123-2023)," the "Guidelines for Fire Protection Design of Historical and Cultural Blocks and Revitalization of Historical Buildings," and the "Guidelines for Fire Protection Design of Historical and Cultural Blocks," as shown in Table 3 below: Table 3 Quantitative Range of Fire Safety Assessment Scores

[0032] In another preferred embodiment, step S3 involves determining the initial weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator using a combination of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method, and then refining the initial weights using a random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator, including: S31, The subjective initial weights of each of the building indicators and the regional indicators are determined by the analytic hierarchy process. S32, The objective initial weights of each of the building indicators and the regional indicators are determined by the entropy method; S33, Calculate the fire risk characteristic value of the single building based on the coordinates and radiation radius of the risk hazard points; S34, the random forest algorithm is used to train the system with the scores of each building indicator and the regional indicator as input features and the fire risk feature value as the output label, so as to obtain the importance weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator to the fire risk feature value. S35, Based on the subjective initial weight, the objective initial weight, and the importance weight, calculate the correction coefficient corresponding to the minimum deviation of the random forest algorithm using the least squares method; S36, The subjective initial weights and the objective initial weights are corrected according to the correction coefficients to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator.

[0033] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the subjective initial weights of each building indicator and regional indicator. The entropy method was used to determine the objective initial weights of each building indicator and regional indicator. The basic idea of ​​the entropy method is to objectively determine the objective weights based on the magnitude of the indicator's variability; that is, the greater the amount of information provided by an indicator, the greater its role in the comprehensive evaluation should be, and therefore its weight should be higher.

[0034] For example, the entropy method first standardizes the data matrix. Assuming there are m indicators and n evaluation units, the original matrix is: ; After standardization, we get: ; In the formula, Let the standard value of the i-th evaluation unit on the j-th indicator be: ; Secondly, the weight of the i-th evaluation unit in the j-th indicator is calculated as follows: ; The entropy value of the j-th index can be obtained as follows: ; In the formula, ; The coefficient of variation of the j-th index is obtained: ; For the j-th index, The greater the variation, the greater the impact on the evaluation result, and the smaller the entropy value.

[0035] The weight of the j-th index is: ; Define the objective initial weights of each building index and regional index calculated by the entropy method as .

[0036] To solve the subjectivity problem of weight determination in traditional evaluation methods, the embodiment of the present invention proposes an objective label random forest weight optimization method based on the characteristics of fire risk hidden dangers in historical and cultural blocks.

[0037] By calling the Baidu Map Web Service API, the geographical coordinates of each risk hidden danger point are obtained, and the projected coordinates of each risk hidden danger point can be obtained by using the projection method in ARCMap. Since each fire not only affects the ignition point but also affects the nearby area. For different ignition causes of hidden dangers, the affected range is also different. Define the fire risk characteristic value of the hidden danger point k as H0, and the distance r of each single building from the hidden danger point k , Figure 2 , , ,

[0037] , , , ,

[0038] ,

[0036] , Figure 2 ,

[0039] , , , , , , k , , is: ; Please refer to Figure 2 ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​By overlaying the data from each potential risk point, the fire risk characteristic value H of each individual building is obtained.

[0040] Subsequently, a random forest algorithm was used to train the system, with the scores of each building indicator and regional indicator as input features and the fire risk feature value as the output label. This yielded the importance weights of each building indicator and regional indicator to the fire risk feature value. It should be noted that the fire risk feature value was chosen as the output label because the risks and hazards originate from on-site investigation and assessment records. Quantifying these risks and hazards by assigning values ​​to different risk and hazard characteristics ensures complete objectivity.

[0041] Random forests are ensemble algorithms. The main idea is to select a strong classifier by voting on the classification results of several weak classifiers. The randomness is mainly reflected in random sampling and random feature selection, which effectively prevents overfitting. The forest aspect is reflected in the generation of multiple decision trees, which prevents the model from having low generalization ability and has excellent big data processing capabilities.

[0042] The random forest model uses the Gini coefficient as the basis for node splitting. The number of decision trees (NumTrees) and the minimum number of leaf node samples (MinLeafSize) are adjusted according to the mean squared error (MSE) to avoid model overfitting.

[0043] After establishing the random forest model, the specific process of using the random forest algorithm to accumulate the contribution of indicators is as follows: ① For each decision tree, select the corresponding out-of-bag (OOB) data and calculate the out-of-bag error, denoted as errOOB1.

[0044] ② Randomly add noise interference to the feature X of all samples in the out-of-bag (OOB) data (the value of the sample at feature X can be randomly changed), and recalculate the out-of-bag data error, denoted as errOOB2.

[0045] ③ Assuming there are N trees in the forest, the importance of feature X is calculated as ∑(errOOB2 - errOOB1) / N. This value illustrates the importance of the feature because if random noise is added, the accuracy of out-of-bag data decreases significantly (i.e., errOOB2 increases), indicating that this feature has a significant impact on the prediction results of the samples, thus demonstrating its high importance.

[0046] This invention implements a random forest algorithm based on the scikit-learn package in Python. The scores of each building indicator and regional indicator are used as input feature values, and the superimposed fire risk feature value H of each individual building is used as the output label value. A random forest model is constructed, and after parameter tuning, the importance ranking of each building indicator and regional indicator to the fire risk feature value is obtained. The importance scores of each building indicator and regional indicator are output through the model, thus obtaining the importance weights of each building indicator and regional indicator to the fire risk feature value. .

[0047] Then, a correction factor is introduced. The initial weights obtained from subjective and objective weighting methods are integrated to form the final target weights. The initial weights are obtained by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method, and the total bias of the random forest algorithm is calculated using the least squares method. When the minimum value is reached, the obtained correction coefficient is... (Values ​​range from 0 to 1) represent the final correction coefficients. The deviation of each building indicator or regional indicator from the random forest algorithm is [value missing]. For a given correction coefficient ε, the overall index deviation is: .

[0048] The target weight for each building indicator or regional indicator is: .

[0049] The building risk score for a single building is obtained by multiplying the scores of each building indicator by their corresponding target weights and summing the results. And based on the building risk score of a single building Calculate the risk transmission score of radiation from surrounding buildings. Combined with cultural heritage characteristic coefficients Calculate the building grade index score The scores of the indicators for each region. With the corresponding target weight Multiply and sum the results to obtain the total score for all regional indicators. This serves as the regional-level indicator score. In the formula, l This indicates the number of regional indicators, specifically the number of all tertiary indicators under the three primary indicators: regional safety layout, fire protection facilities and rescue, and fire safety management. Indicates the first i The first single building k Weighted scores of indicators for each region; Indicates the first i The first single building k The target weights of indicators for each region.

[0050] Score the architectural grade indicators and regional indicator scores The scores are added together to obtain the comprehensive fire safety assessment score for the historical and cultural district. , A higher overall fire safety assessment score indicates a better level of fire safety and lower risk; a lower overall fire safety assessment score indicates a worse level of fire safety and higher risk, corresponding to the risk level classification standards mentioned earlier.

[0051] This invention combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Entropy Method, integrating subjective and objective weighting methods: the AHP fully reflects the management experience in current standards and guidelines, ensuring that the indicator weights align with the actual needs of historical and cultural blocks; the Entropy Method, based on the mathematical statistics of multi-source data, objectively reflects the importance of each indicator, reducing the interference of subjective experience; subsequently, an ensemble method is used to merge the weight values ​​obtained from the two methods to form the initial indicator weights; finally, the Random Forest algorithm is used to correct the weight results using the importance ranking data of each indicator in the historical and cultural block, further improving the scientific nature and relevance of the weights, thereby ensuring the objectivity and accuracy of the evaluation results.

[0052] In another preferred embodiment, step S4 calculates the building risk score of a single building and the risk transmission score radiating from surrounding buildings based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, and calculates the building-level indicator score in conjunction with the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient, including: S41, Calculate the total score of all building indicators based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, and obtain the building risk score of each building. S42, Calculate the risk transmission score of the surrounding buildings to be evaluated based on the building risk score of each individual building and the spatial layout information; S43, Based on the cultural heritage protection level information, determine the cultural heritage protection characteristic coefficient corresponding to the single building to be evaluated; S44. Add the building risk score and the risk transmission score of the single building to be evaluated, and multiply by the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient to obtain the building-level index score of the historical and cultural block.

[0053] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the scores of each building indicator are multiplied by their corresponding target weights and then summed to obtain the building risk score for each individual building. Based on the building risk score of each individual building. In addition to spatial layout information, the risk transmission score of the surrounding buildings to be evaluated is calculated. .

[0054] To address the challenge of integrating traditional indicators with cultural heritage characteristics, a quantitative method for cultural heritage characteristics is proposed to achieve effective integration with traditional fire safety indicators. Based on the cultural heritage level information of a single building, the corresponding cultural heritage characteristic coefficient for the building to be evaluated is determined. For example, the values ​​of the cultural heritage characteristic coefficients are shown in Table 5 below: Table 5 Values ​​of Cultural Heritage Feature Coefficients

[0055] It should be noted that the higher the cultural relic protection level, the higher the priority of cultural relic protection, and the more severe the consequences of fire. Therefore, the risk sensitivity is higher, and the corresponding cultural relic protection characteristic coefficient is higher. The smaller the value, the lower the final calculated building grade index score. The lower the value, the higher the risk level.

[0056] The building risk score of the individual building to be assessed and risk transmission score Add them together and multiply by the cultural heritage protection characteristic coefficient. The architectural index score of the historical and cultural district was obtained. The calculation formula is: ; In the formula, This indicates the architectural score of a historical and cultural district. Indicates the surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district m Treatment of single building assessment i Risk transmission score; Indicates a single building to be evaluated. i Building risk score; Indicates a single building to be evaluated. i The corresponding cultural heritage protection characteristic coefficients.

[0057] This invention provides a quantitative classification system for cultural heritage buildings within historical and cultural districts. It clarifies the evaluation standards for different levels of protected buildings and sets specific characteristic coefficients for each level. The rigid constraints of cultural heritage protection are directly embedded into the underlying calculation of building risk scores, rather than simply adding up indicators, thus achieving a deep integration of cultural heritage protection and fire safety assessment. Simultaneously, core characteristic data of buildings (such as fire resistance rating, building age, structural type, building area, and building spacing) are standardized and quantified, transforming qualitative characteristics into calculable and comparable quantitative indicators to meet the quantitative needs of fire safety assessment.

[0058] In yet another preferred embodiment, the formula for calculating the risk transmission score is: ; In the formula, Indicates the surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district mTreatment of single building assessment i Risk transmission score; M This represents the total number of surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district that have an impact on the individual building being evaluated. Indicates surrounding buildings m Building risk score; Indicates surrounding buildings m To the single building to be evaluated i The distance decay function, , This represents the neighborhood attenuation coefficient, which is positively correlated with the neighborhood's building density. Indicates the distance between the centroids of the two buildings; This represents the influence coefficient of the street width between two buildings.

[0059] Specifically, this embodiment of the invention is based on the typical diffusion process of building fires. Considering that the intensity of heat radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, and that the intensity of smoke conduction is affected by factors such as street width, building density, and ventilation conditions, the invention uses a dynamic Gaussian plume model to simulate the diffusion process of fire smoke and toxic gases in space. The formula for calculating the risk transmission score of a single building to surrounding buildings is as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district m Treatment of single building assessment i Risk transmission score; M This represents the total number of surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district that have an impact on the individual building being evaluated. Indicates surrounding buildings m Building risk score; Indicates surrounding buildings m To the single building to be evaluated i The distance decay function, , This represents the street block attenuation coefficient, which is positively correlated with the building density of the street block. Based on the heat radiation spread law of building fires in the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (GB 50016) and the fitting conclusions of fire cases in historical and cultural blocks, a general average of 15% is used as the benchmark coefficient. The calculation formula is as follows: The value ranges from 0 to 1. The maximum radius of influence of radiation conduction of a single building is 2000m. Buildings exceeding 2000m are not included in the conduction calculation. If there are solid firewalls, rivers, or other complete barriers between two buildings, the conduction score is directly taken as 0. Indicates the distance between the centroids of the two buildings. The projection coordinates of the centroid of each building can be obtained by using the projection method in ARCMap. This represents the influence coefficient of the street width between two buildings.

[0060] This invention constructs an integrated radiation linkage assessment model of "single building - whole block area". By using the risk score of a single building, distance attenuation function and street width influence coefficient, the risk transmission score of a single building to the surrounding area is calculated, so as to realize the linkage assessment between the single building and the whole block.

[0061] In another preferred embodiment, the street width influence coefficient is determined based on the minimum width of the connecting street between the two buildings, and the calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum width of the street or alley connecting two buildings.

[0062] Specifically, the street width influence coefficient in this embodiment of the invention The width of streets and alleys is categorized into different levels, with the minimum width between two buildings determining the width of the connecting street or alley. Confirmed. If there is no direct street connection between the two buildings, the minimum width of the shortest passageway within the block is taken; otherwise, 1 is used. Based on the minimum width requirement (≥4m) for fire truck access roads in the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (GB 50016), when the street width is ≥4m, the fire transmission risk is significantly reduced, and the street width influence coefficient is fixed at the minimum value of 0.2. When the street width is ≤1m, the fire transmission risk reaches its peak, and the street width influence coefficient is fixed at the maximum value of 1. The intermediate interval is calculated according to a linear law, using the following formula: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum width of the street or alley connecting two buildings.

[0063] In summary, this invention differs from existing methods that separate assessment of individual buildings from macro-level regional assessments. By using individual buildings as the basic assessment unit and employing a well-defined fire radiation transmission algorithm, it achieves precise transmission of risk from individual buildings to the entire district. This approach can both pinpoint the hidden dangers of individual buildings and present the overall risk distribution of the district, perfectly matching the core characteristics of historical and cultural districts: "dense buildings and widespread fire spread." It solves the problem that existing methods cannot simultaneously address both individual buildings and the entire district. This invention differs from existing general assessment methods that simply apply ordinary building standards. From the indicator system, embedded cultural heritage coefficients, fire transmission algorithm, to weight optimization, the entire process is designed specifically for the unique characteristics of historical and cultural blocks: concentrated cultural heritage buildings, narrow streets and alleys, high requirements for architectural style protection, and dense brick-and-wood structures. It meets both the rigid requirements of cultural heritage protection and complies with fire safety regulations. Furthermore, the method is simple and universal, directly adaptable to various types of historical and cultural blocks without personalized adjustments. This invention also differs from existing assessment methods that are primarily qualitative and lack a basis for coefficient values. For all core parameters, such as cultural heritage characteristic coefficients, distance attenuation coefficients, and street width influence coefficients, the invention clearly defines the regulatory basis, calculation formulas, and data acquisition methods, eliminating the need for subjective judgment by assessors. The assessment results are reproducible and verifiable, providing a basis for fire safety assessment of historical and cultural blocks. This invention provides precise quantitative evidence for fire safety assessments. Unlike existing analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods that rely solely on expert experience, this invention comprehensively utilizes AHP (aligning with regulatory management experience), entropy method (objective data statistics), and random forest algorithm (corrected based on measured fire hazard data) to form a three-in-one weighted calculation method of "experience-data-measurement." This method retains the core requirements of industry standards while eliminating the interference of subjective factors, significantly improving the objectivity and accuracy of the assessment results. Furthermore, current domestic policies only require fire safety assessments for historical and cultural blocks, but lack a unified assessment method. This invention establishes a complete, implementable, and standardized assessment process that can be directly used as the technical basis for fire safety assessments, micro-renovation designs, fire safety inspections, and daily management of historical and cultural blocks, filling a technological gap in the industry.

[0064] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a fire safety assessment device for historical and cultural blocks, which can realize all the processes of the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks in the above embodiments.

[0065] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a fire safety assessment device for historical and cultural blocks provided by the present invention. The fire safety assessment device for historical and cultural blocks includes: The indicator system construction module 301 is used to acquire basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information of each individual building in the historical and cultural block, and to construct a fire safety assessment indicator system; wherein, the fire safety assessment indicator system includes building-level indicators and regional-level indicators. The indicator quantification and scoring module 302 is used to calculate the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional indicators based on the building basic information, the cultural heritage protection level information, the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information and the management and maintenance information. The indicator weight determination module 303 is used to determine the initial weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator by combining the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method, and to correct the initial weights by using the random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator. The building index assessment module 304 is used to calculate the building risk score of a single building and the risk transmission score of surrounding buildings based on the scores of each building index and the target weight, and to calculate the building-level index score in combination with the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient. The regional indicator evaluation module 305 is used to calculate the total score of all regional indicators based on the scores of each regional indicator and the target weight, so as to obtain the regional indicator score. The fire safety assessment module 306 is used to add the building-level indicator scores and the regional indicator scores to obtain the comprehensive fire safety assessment score of the historical and cultural block.

[0066] Preferably, the indicator quantification and scoring module 302 is specifically used for: The building basic information and the cultural heritage protection level information are quantified according to the preset scoring rules, and the scores of each building indicator in the building level indicators are calculated. The spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information are quantified according to the scoring rules, and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional indicators are calculated.

[0067] Preferably, the indicator weight determination module 303 is specifically used for: The subjective initial weights of each of the aforementioned building indicators and regional indicators were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The objective initial weights of each of the aforementioned building indicators and regional indicators are determined using the entropy method. Based on the coordinates and radiation radius of the risk points, the fire risk characteristic value of the single building is calculated; The random forest algorithm is used to train the system with the scores of each building indicator and the regional indicator as input features and the fire risk feature value as the output label, so as to obtain the importance weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator to the fire risk feature value. Based on the subjective initial weight, the objective initial weight, and the importance weight, the correction coefficient corresponding to the minimum deviation of the random forest algorithm is calculated using the least squares method. The subjective initial weights and objective initial weights are corrected according to the correction coefficients to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator.

[0068] Preferably, the building index evaluation module 304 is specifically used for: Based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, the total score of all building indicators is calculated to obtain the building risk score of each individual building. Based on the building risk score of each individual building and the spatial layout information, calculate the risk transmission score of the surrounding buildings to be evaluated. Based on the cultural heritage protection level information, determine the cultural heritage protection characteristic coefficient corresponding to the single building to be evaluated; The building risk score and the risk transmission score of the individual building to be evaluated are added together and multiplied by the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient to obtain the building-level index score of the historical and cultural block.

[0069] Preferably, the formula for calculating the risk transmission score is: ; In the formula, Indicates the surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district m Treatment of single building assessment i Risk transmission score; M This represents the total number of surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district that have an impact on the individual building being evaluated. Indicates surrounding buildings m Building risk score; Indicates surrounding buildings m To the single building to be evaluated i The distance decay function, , This represents the neighborhood attenuation coefficient, which is positively correlated with the neighborhood's building density. Indicates the distance between the centroids of the two buildings; This represents the influence coefficient of the street width between two buildings.

[0070] Preferably, the street width influence coefficient is determined based on the minimum width of the connecting street between two buildings, and the calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum width of the street or alley connecting two buildings.

[0071] In specific implementation, the working principle, control process and technical effects of the fire safety assessment device for historical and cultural blocks provided in this embodiment of the invention are the same as those of the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0072] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a terminal device provided by the present invention. The terminal device includes a processor 401, a memory 402, and a computer program stored in the memory 402 and configured to be executed by the processor 401. When the processor 401 executes the computer program, it implements the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks described in any of the above embodiments.

[0073] Preferably, the computer program can be divided into one or more modules / units (such as computer program 1, computer program 2, ...), and the one or more modules / units are stored in the memory 402 and executed by the processor 401 to complete the present invention. The one or more modules / units can be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the terminal device.

[0074] The processor 401 can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or the processor 401 can be any conventional processor. The processor 401 is the control center of the terminal device, connecting various parts of the terminal device through various interfaces and lines.

[0075] The memory 402 mainly includes a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area can store the operating system, applications required for at least one function, etc., while the data storage area can store related data, etc. Furthermore, the memory 402 can be a high-speed random access memory, or a non-volatile memory, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital card (SD), and a flash card, or it can be other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0076] It should be noted that the aforementioned terminal devices may include, but are not limited to, processors and memory, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. Figure 4 The structural diagram is merely an example of the terminal device described above and does not constitute a limitation on the terminal device described above. It may include more or fewer components than shown in the diagram, or combine certain components, or use different components.

[0077] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when running, controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks described in any of the above embodiments.

[0078] This invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or computer instructions. When the computer program or computer instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks described in any of the above embodiments.

[0079] This invention provides a method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and product for fire safety assessment of historical and cultural blocks. It acquires basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information for each individual building within the historical and cultural block, and constructs a fire safety assessment index system. This system includes building-level indicators and regional-level indicators. Based on the building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information, it calculates the scores of each building-level indicator and the scores of each regional-level indicator. The method employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and... The initial weights of each building indicator and regional indicator are determined by combining the entropy method with the initial weights. The initial weights are then corrected using a random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights for each building indicator and regional indicator. Based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weights, the building risk score for a single building and the risk transmission score from surrounding buildings are calculated. Building-level indicator scores are then calculated using cultural heritage characteristic coefficients. Based on the scores of each regional indicator and the target weights, the total score for all regional indicators is calculated to obtain the regional indicator score. The building-level indicator scores and the regional indicator scores are added together to obtain the comprehensive fire safety assessment score for the historical and cultural district. This embodiment of the invention combines the unique characteristics of buildings within historical and cultural districts to conduct an integrated assessment of buildings and the district, overcoming the limitations of separating single-building and regional assessments. It employs a subjective and objective weighting method combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method, and corrects the weights using a random forest algorithm, significantly reducing subjective interference, improving the objectivity of the assessment, and achieving a precise quantitative assessment of fire safety in historical and cultural districts from the buildings themselves to the entire district.

[0080] It should be noted that the system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings of the system embodiments provided by this invention, the connection relationships between modules indicate that they have communication connections, which can be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0081] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fire safety assessment of historical and cultural blocks, characterized in that, include: Acquire basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information of each building in the historical and cultural block, and construct a fire safety assessment index system; wherein, the fire safety assessment index system includes building-level indicators and regional-level indicators; Based on the building basic information, the cultural heritage protection level information, the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information, and the management and maintenance information, calculate the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional-level indicators; The initial weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator are determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method. The initial weights are then corrected using the random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator. Based on the scores of each of the aforementioned building indicators and the target weights, the building risk score of a single building and the risk transmission score radiated from surrounding buildings are calculated, and the building-level indicator score is calculated in combination with the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient. Based on the scores of each regional indicator and the target weight, the total score of all regional indicators is calculated to obtain the regional indicator score. The comprehensive fire safety assessment score of the historical and cultural block is obtained by adding the building-level index score and the regional index score.

2. The fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional indicators based on the building basic information, the cultural heritage protection level information, the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information, and the management and operation information includes: The building basic information and the cultural heritage protection level information are quantified according to the preset scoring rules, and the scores of each building indicator in the building level indicators are calculated. The spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information are quantified according to the scoring rules, and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional indicators are calculated.

3. The fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method employs a combination of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method to determine the initial weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator, and then uses the random forest algorithm to correct these initial weights to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator, including: The subjective initial weights of each of the aforementioned building indicators and regional indicators were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The objective initial weights of each of the aforementioned building indicators and regional indicators are determined using the entropy method. Based on the coordinates and radiation radius of the risk points, the fire risk characteristic value of the single building is calculated; The random forest algorithm is used to train the system with the scores of each building indicator and the regional indicator as input features and the fire risk feature value as the output label, so as to obtain the importance weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator to the fire risk feature value. Based on the subjective initial weight, the objective initial weight, and the importance weight, the correction coefficient corresponding to the minimum deviation of the random forest algorithm is calculated using the least squares method. The subjective initial weights and objective initial weights are corrected according to the correction coefficients to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator.

4. The fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves calculating the building risk score of a single building and the risk transmission score from surrounding buildings based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, and then combining these with cultural heritage characteristic coefficients to calculate the building-level indicator score, including: Based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, the total score of all building indicators is calculated to obtain the building risk score of each individual building. Based on the building risk score of each individual building and the spatial layout information, calculate the risk transmission score of the surrounding buildings to be evaluated. Based on the cultural heritage protection level information, determine the cultural heritage protection characteristic coefficient corresponding to the single building to be evaluated; The building risk score and the risk transmission score of the individual building to be evaluated are added together and multiplied by the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient to obtain the building-level index score of the historical and cultural block.

5. The fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the risk transmission score is as follows: ； In the formula, Indicates the surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district m Treatment of single building assessment i Risk transmission score; M This represents the total number of surrounding buildings within the historical and cultural district that have an impact on the individual building being evaluated. Indicates surrounding buildings m Building risk score; Indicates surrounding buildings m To the single building to be evaluated i Distance decay function, , This represents the neighborhood attenuation coefficient, which is positively correlated with the neighborhood's building density. Indicates the distance between the centroids of the two buildings; This represents the influence coefficient of the street width between two buildings.

6. The fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The street width influence coefficient is determined based on the minimum width of the connecting street between two buildings, and the calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, This indicates the minimum width of the street or alley connecting two buildings.

7. A fire safety assessment device for historical and cultural blocks, characterized in that, include: The indicator system construction module is used to acquire basic building information, cultural relic protection level information, spatial layout information, fire protection facility information, and management and maintenance information of each individual building in the historical and cultural block, and to construct a fire safety assessment indicator system; wherein, the fire safety assessment indicator system includes building-level indicators and regional-level indicators; The indicator quantification and scoring module is used to calculate the scores of each building indicator in the building-level indicators and the scores of each regional indicator in the regional indicators based on the building basic information, the cultural heritage protection level information, the spatial layout information, the fire protection facility information, and the management and operation information. The indicator weight determination module is used to determine the initial weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator by combining the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method, and to correct the initial weights by using the random forest algorithm to obtain the target weights of each building indicator and the regional indicator. The building indicator assessment module is used to calculate the building risk score of a single building and the risk transmission score of surrounding buildings based on the scores of each building indicator and the target weight, and to calculate the building-level indicator score in combination with the cultural heritage characteristic coefficient. The regional indicator evaluation module is used to calculate the total score of all regional indicators based on the scores of each regional indicator and the target weight, so as to obtain the regional indicator score. The fire safety assessment module is used to add the building-level indicator scores and the regional indicator scores to obtain the comprehensive fire safety assessment score of the historical and cultural block.

8. A terminal device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program configured to be executed by the processor, the processor executing the computer program to implement the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein when the device containing the computer-readable storage medium executes the computer program, it implements the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program or computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the fire safety assessment method for historical and cultural blocks as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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