Method of making power source tag authentic and verifiable

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for making power source tags credible and verifiable in an industrial environment, the method comprising: obtaining a power source tag carrying information about one or more power sources used in the production of a product; and adding a reference to metadata to the power source tag, the metadata providing evidence regarding the information about the one or more power sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for making power source tags reliable and verifiable in an industrial environment. Furthermore, this invention relates to the use of a data processing apparatus, a computer-readable medium, a computer program product, and one or more power source tags. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial environments, mature technologies exist for tracking and tagging energy sources, allowing for the generation of power source labels that indicate the energy used in the production of a specific product. For example, a power source label can indicate that the energy used to produce a product comes entirely from renewable energy sources, thereby enhancing the product's value and appeal. However, currently used technologies do not consider the credibility and security of power source labels from the consumer's perspective. Due to the lack of technological means to build trust in power source labels, trust in them relies entirely on the supplier's integrity. For instance, a supplier might claim that a product is manufactured using only renewable energy, when in fact it uses non-renewable energy. From the customer's perspective, there is currently no way to verify the validity of power source labels. Therefore, suppliers have an incentive to provide counterfeit power source labels to gain an unfair advantage. Without technological mechanisms to support trust in power source labels, their appeal is diminished. It is desirable to include technological measures that allow auditors and / or customers to verify the validity of power source labels.

[0003] The aforementioned issues highlight the need to improve the trustworthiness and security of power source tags in industrial environments. Therefore, the question arises regarding how to enhance the trustworthiness and security of power source tags in industrial settings.

[0004] Therefore, in industrial environments, there is still room for improvement and a need to enhance the trustworthiness and security of power source tags. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above, the purpose of this disclosure is to overcome at least some of the deficiencies in the reliability and security of power source labels in industrial environments.

[0006] Therefore, to address one or more of these deficiencies, in a first aspect, a method is provided to make power source labels credible and verifiable in an industrial environment. The method includes: obtaining a power source label carrying information about one or more power sources used in the production of a product. The method also includes: adding a reference to metadata to the power source label, which provides evidence for the information about the one or more power sources.

[0007] The term "power source" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "power source" can mean "power origin." The term "power source" is outlined in more detail below using several examples. The term "power" should also be understood in a broad sense. For example, "power" used in the production of a product can mean "electrical energy" used to generate the product.

[0008] The term "trustworthy" can be understood as the accuracy of the power source tag or the correctness of its determination, generation, or calculation process being trustworthy. That is, the accuracy of the data used to determine, generate, or calculate the power source tag is trustworthy. In other words, the fact that the power source tag has not been tampered with or manipulated is trustworthy. The term "verifiable" can be understood as the data used to determine, generate, or calculate the power source tag potentially being verifiable.

[0009] Obtaining a power source tag may include, for example, receiving, acquiring, or retrieving a power source tag from an entity that has already determined, generated, or calculated the power source tag. Additionally or alternatively, obtaining a power source tag may also include, for example, acquiring or retrieving a power source tag from a data storage device.

[0010] A power source label can be understood as indicating information about one or more power sources used in the production of a product.

[0011] Information about one or more sources of power can be understood as information indicating the source or origin of power (power source).

[0012] According to several examples of this disclosure, the method may also include: providing or outputting an apparatus and / or system to an external party (e.g., a user) that has been labeled with one or more power source tags to which a reference has been added.

[0013] It should be noted that the method according to the first aspect can be understood as a method performed by, for example, a service provider or application provider. The service provider or application provider offers a solution to improve the credibility and security of power source tags by adding references to them. The service provider or application provider may be a manufacturing company that produces the product. Additionally or alternatively, the service provider or application provider may also be a supplier that sells the manufactured product. Service users or application users can obtain or receive power source tags with references already added to them.

[0014] As outlined above, obtaining a power source label should be understood as calculating or generating a power source label. Information about one or more power sources used in the production of a product can be understood as energy data.

[0015] In this regard, it should be noted that what is added to the power source tag is not metadata, but rather a reference to metadata. The metadata then provides evidence for information about one or more power sources associated with the power source tag.

[0016] This method can be implemented, at least in part, by a computer. Preferably, the method is implemented by a computer.

[0017] For ease of understanding, it should be noted that the expression "power source labeling processing" can mean, for example, identifying, generating, or calculating one or more power source labels. In this context, a power source label can label a certain amount of power or energy with respect to its source, where the source can be at least one of, for example, renewable energy or energy from fossil fuels (i.e., non-renewable energy). Additionally or alternatively, the source can also indicate the geographical location where that certain amount of power or energy is generated or produced. Further, the power source of renewable energy or renewable energy can then be further subdivided according to one or more renewable energy types or sources. Similarly, the power source of non-renewable energy or non-renewable energy can then be further subdivided according to one or more non-renewable energy types or sources. Therefore, a power source label can be associated with a product, a portion of a product (e.g., one or more used starting materials, components, or semi-finished products), and at least one of one or more processing steps for manufacturing or producing the product or a portion of the product. The power source label can indicate a certain amount of power or energy required for the manufacture or production of the product and / or the manufacture or production of a portion of the product and / or the performance of one or more processing steps. Additionally or alternatively, the power source label may also indicate the type and / or blend of energy required for the manufacture or production of the product, a portion thereof, or the execution of one or more processing steps. For example, the energy blend may indicate the share of renewable energy and the share of energy from fossil fuels.

[0018] The term "metadata" refers to, for example, additional or supplementary data about the source of power marked by a power source label and / or the quantity of power. Metadata might indicate weather conditions, such as sunny or windy, which allows for further verification and understanding of the source and / or quantity of power (e.g., power obtained from a photovoltaic system or wind turbine). Therefore, the term "evidence" refers to, for example, proof of the correctness of the indication made by a power source label. For example, if a power source label indicates that a certain amount of electricity is obtained from or generated by a photovoltaic system, the corresponding metadata might indicate the location of that photovoltaic system and the weather conditions available at that location, such as the weather conditions available during a predetermined or interesting time period. Thus, if the metadata indicates that several hours of sunny weather occurred at a location during the interesting time period (i.e., the time period during which the power indicated or marked by the power source label was generated), then the metadata including a certain weather condition can confirm that the quantity of power was indeed generated by the photovoltaic system. The terms "metadata" and "evidence" are explained in detail below.

[0019] According to the first aspect, this method has several advantages.

[0020] First, preventing "greenwashing" in power source labeling can bring significant commercial benefits. Ensuring the integrity and verifiability of energy data can prevent the false advertising of a product's environmental credentials. This transparency not only builds consumer trust but also enhances the credibility of companies committed to genuine sustainability efforts, giving them a competitive edge in a fiercely competitive market.

[0021] Secondly, the solutions offered demonstrate a strong commitment to sustainable development. By taking robust measures to ensure and verify the source of energy used in their products, companies demonstrate their adherence to transparent environmental practices. This proactive approach not only enhances credibility with consumers, regulators, and stakeholders but also aligns with global efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. This positions the organization as a leader in environmental responsibility, thereby establishing a strong reputation and competitive advantage in a market increasingly focused on sustainability initiatives.

[0022] Third, implementing publicly disclosed solutions allows for enhanced customer trust and reputation, a crucial business advantage. By ensuring the authenticity and transparency of energy source labeling, manufacturers can strengthen their credibility as trustworthy suppliers committed to sustainable practices. This builds stronger relationships with environmentally conscious consumers who value transparency and integrity regarding product sourcing. Furthermore, a positive reputation for sustainability can attract new customers, differentiate a company in a competitive market, and increase customer loyalty.

[0023] Fourth, implementing the disclosed solutions further ensures compliance with security standards and requirements, resulting in significant business benefits. By adhering to established security protocols and regulations, manufacturers demonstrate their commitment to protecting sensitive energy source data from tampering or misuse. This compliance enhances trust among customers, partners, and regulators, ensuring that the power source labeling process meets stringent security standards. Moreover, compliance with these standards reduces the risk associated with data breaches or fraudulent activities, thereby protecting the company's reputation and minimizing potential legal and financial liabilities.

[0024] According to several examples in this disclosure, the method may further include: adding a cryptographic signature to a power source tag and / or submitting the power source tag and metadata to a ledger-based evidence collection platform. The cryptographic signature may refer to a manufacturing company that has produced the product and has provided energy data regarding the energy used to produce the product. The energy data may represent information about the power or energy from one or more power sources used in the production of the product. Additionally or alternatively, the cryptographic signature may refer to a supplier that sells the product. Generally, the cryptographic signature may refer to a manufacturing company or supplier that has provided information or energy data used to calculate or generate one or more power source tags. Additionally or alternatively, the cryptographic signature may also prove that one or more power source tags were calculated or generated by a verified power tagging algorithm. Through the ledger-based evidence collection platform, it can be ensured that no power source tags are missed or duplicated because any new power source tag is built on-chain within the ledger-based evidence collection platform.

[0025] Therefore, the reliability of power source tags is further improved; for example, the reliability that power source tags have not been tampered with is improved.

[0026] According to several examples in this disclosure, adding a reference may include: constructing the reference as a cryptographic hash calculated on the metadata; and adding a cryptographic hash to a power source label.

[0027] According to several examples in this disclosure, adding a reference to metadata may include adding a reference to one or more fragments of metadata, wherein the one or more fragments of metadata are shares of metadata associated with a power source label. Therefore, a cryptographic hash can reference one or more fragments of metadata, i.e., it can reference shares of metadata.

[0028] In other words, metadata can include multiple metadata fragments, and a power source label can be associated with one or more of these fragments. For example, the first fragment of the metadata could indicate the weather conditions at a specific location. Therefore, for a power source label representing the power generated by a photovoltaic system at a specific location, a reference to the first fragment of the metadata could be added. In doing so, the other fragments of the metadata can remain confidential.

[0029] Therefore, the present invention provides a solution for how metadata and / or one or more fragments of metadata associated with a power source tag can be securely made available to an external party that has obtained a power source tag and has requested access to or acquisition of metadata and / or one or more fragments of metadata associated with the obtained power source tag.

[0030] According to several examples in this disclosure, metadata may include an aggregation of multiple data points, where each data point may be associated with a share of power used in the production of the product, the share ranging from 0% to 100%.

[0031] A fragment of aggregated data points can be understood as a fragment representing metadata as outlined above.

[0032] Therefore, metadata can allow for the differentiation of different energy sources or power sources.

[0033] According to several examples of this disclosure, metadata may include an aggregation of multiple sub-metadata fragments, wherein the sub-metadata fragments among the multiple sub-metadata fragments may be associated with a share of power used in the production of the product, the share being in the range of 0% to 100%.

[0034] An aggregate of multiple sub-metadata fragments can be understood as a fragment representing the metadata as outlined above.

[0035] Therefore, metadata can allow for the differentiation of different energy sources or power sources.

[0036] Based on several examples in this disclosure, data points among multiple data points can have different credibility, and sub-metadata fragments among multiple sub-metadata fragments can have different credibility.

[0037] Based on several examples in this disclosure, aggregated data points in an aggregation of multiple data points may have heterogeneous trust levels, and aggregated sub-metadata fragments in an aggregation of multiple sub-metadata fragments may have heterogeneous trust levels.

[0038] Based on several examples in this disclosure, metadata may include at least one of the following:

[0039] - Measurements from the power management system in the factory that is associated with product production.

[0040] - Inverters for photovoltaic installations associated with the power used in production.

[0041] - The power consumption of one or more machines associated with the production of the product, and

[0042] - Weather reports indicating one or more environmental conditions associated with the production of a product.

[0043] For example, if the production of a product may include several processing steps, then the measurement can indicate the corresponding amount of power required for each individual processing step among the multiple processing steps.

[0044] For example, an inverter can indicate the amount of power generated by a photovoltaic device or photovoltaic system.

[0045] For example, if the production or manufacturing of a product may involve and / or require several machines, such as a particular processing step in several processing steps that may require one or more of a particular machine, then power consumption can be indicated at the machine level (i.e., for each individual machine).

[0046] For example, weather reports can indicate sunny or windy weather conditions that can be associated with the power generated from photovoltaic devices or wind turbines.

[0047] According to several examples of this disclosure, metadata may include at least one of the following: verifiable data, unverifiable data, and a power source label associated with the source of the metadata.

[0048] Therefore, in other words, the metadata itself can include power source tags. This can further improve reliability and trustworthiness.

[0049] According to several examples of this disclosure, the method may further include: authorizing an auditor to verify the accuracy and authenticity of the data used for generating the power source label and / or to verify the tagging process performed for generating the power source label, wherein this authorization may be based on enabling the auditor to access one or more fragments of metadata associated with the power source label based on added references. The one or more metadata fragments may be understood as representing or constituting a share of metadata.

[0050] Prior to authorization, the method may include outputting or providing one or more power source labels to which references have already been added, or providing them to an external party (e.g., an auditor), as outlined above.

[0051] Based on authorization and several examples of this disclosure, the method may further include: sensing or recognizing access from an external party (e.g., an auditor, user, device, and / or system) to one or more fragments of metadata and / or metadata referred to by the added reference. The external party may have received one or more power source tags, or one or more power source tags may have been provided to the external party. Based on this, the external party may become aware of the reference and be able to access the corresponding metadata and / or one or more corresponding fragments of metadata.

[0052] Alternatively, based on authorization and according to several examples of this disclosure, the method may further include: receiving from an external party (e.g., an auditor, user, device, and / or system) a request to provide the external party with one or more fragments of metadata and / or metadata referred to by the added reference. The external party may have already received one or more power source tags, or one or more power source tags may have been provided to the external party. Based on this, the external party may request one or more corresponding fragments of the corresponding metadata and / or metadata.

[0053] Therefore, due to the added references, auditors can only access (or request) the metadata and / or one or more fragments of metadata referred to by the added references (i.e., references added to one or more power source tags that auditors have access to). Thus, auditors cannot access different or other fragments of metadata. Therefore, data security and reliability are improved.

[0054] Therefore, based on several examples of this disclosure, a method for obtaining power source tags with increased credibility is provided. For example, this method may include: obtaining or receiving one or more power source tags to which references have been added, wherein a reference refers to metadata that provides evidence for the information indicated by the one or more power source tags. The method may also include: accessing the metadata based on the references.

[0055] According to a second aspect, a data processing apparatus is provided. The data processing apparatus includes one or more processors configured to perform the method of the first aspect.

[0056] According to a third aspect, a data processing system is provided. The data processing system includes the means of the second aspect. Additionally or alternatively, the data processing system includes components for performing the method of the first aspect.

[0057] According to the fourth aspect, an industrial plant is provided, which includes the apparatus of the second aspect. Additionally or alternatively, the industrial plant also includes a data processing system of the third aspect.

[0058] Based on several examples, "industrial plant" can mean an industrial plant, an autonomous industrial plant, or an industrial production plant, including one or more pipelines, production lines, and / or assembly lines used for, for example, transforming one or more raw materials into products and / or assembling one or more components into a final product. Based on several examples, it can mean an industrial plant in the oil, gas, mining, chemical, wind power, or food and beverage industries.

[0059] According to a fifth aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, comprising instructions that, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform the method of the first aspect. The computer-readable medium may be transient or non-transient, volatile or non-volatile.

[0060] According to a sixth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising instructions that, when executed by a computing system, enable the computing system to perform the method of the first aspect or cause the computing system to perform the method of the first aspect. The computer program product may include a computer-readable medium that includes the instructions of the computer program product.

[0061] According to the seventh aspect, there is use for at least one of the data processing apparatus of the second aspect, the data processing system of the third aspect, the industrial plant of the fourth aspect, the computer-readable medium of the fifth aspect, and the computer program product of the sixth aspect.

[0062] Specifically, according to several examples of this disclosure, uses are provided for marking one or more power source tags of power sources used in an industrial environment, wherein the one or more power source tags are obtained according to the method of the first aspect.

[0063] Each of the second through seventh aspects has several advantages.

[0064] First, preventing "greenwashing" in power source labeling can bring significant commercial benefits. Ensuring the integrity and verifiability of energy data can prevent the false advertising of a product's environmental credentials. This transparency not only builds consumer trust but also enhances the credibility of companies committed to genuine sustainability efforts, giving them a competitive edge in a fiercely competitive market.

[0065] Secondly, the solutions offered demonstrate a strong commitment to sustainable development. By taking robust measures to ensure and verify the source of energy used in their products, companies demonstrate their adherence to transparent environmental practices. This proactive approach not only enhances credibility with consumers, regulators, and stakeholders but also aligns with global efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. This positions the organization as a leader in environmental responsibility, thereby establishing a strong reputation and competitive advantage in a market increasingly focused on sustainability initiatives.

[0066] Third, implementing publicly disclosed solutions allows for enhanced customer trust and reputation as a crucial business advantage. By ensuring the authenticity and transparency of energy source labeling, manufacturers can strengthen their credibility as trustworthy suppliers committed to sustainable practices. This builds stronger relationships with environmentally conscious consumers who value transparency and integrity in product sourcing. Moreover, a positive reputation for sustainability can attract new customers, differentiate a company in a competitive market, and increase customer loyalty.

[0067] Fourth, implementing publicly available solutions further ensures compliance with security standards and requirements, resulting in significant business benefits. By adhering to established security protocols and regulations, manufacturers demonstrate their commitment to protecting sensitive energy source data from tampering or misuse. This compliance enhances trust among customers, partners, and regulators, ensuring that the power source labeling process meets stringent security standards. Moreover, compliance with these standards reduces the risk associated with data breaches or fraudulent activities, protecting the company's reputation and minimizing potential legal and financial liabilities.

[0068] The optional features of the first aspect can, with appropriate modifications, form part of any one of the second to seventh aspects.

[0069] The fifth aspect is a computer-readable medium on which the computer program product of the sixth aspect is stored.

[0070] As used herein, the term “acquire” can include, for example, receiving from another system, apparatus, device, or process; receiving via interaction with a user; loading or retrieving from a storage device or memory; measuring or capturing using a sensor or other data acquisition device; and receiving or acquiring as a result of one or more data processing steps.

[0071] The indefinite articles “one” or “a” do not exclude multiples. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified or the context clearly indicates a singular form, the articles “one” and “a” as used herein should generally be interpreted as meaning “one or more”.

[0072] Unless otherwise specified or clearly indicated from the context, as used herein, “one or more of A, B, and C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, and / or C” refer to all possible permutations of one or more of the listed items. That is, “A and / or B” means (A), (B), or (A and B), while “A, B, and / or C” means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B, and C).

[0073] The term "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are used interchangeably.

[0074] This invention may include one or more aspects, examples, or features, either individually or in combination, whether disclosed individually or in combination. Any optional feature or sub-aspect of one of the foregoing aspects may be applied, as appropriate, to any of the other aspects.

[0075] The aspects described above become apparent and are illustrated with reference to the specific embodiments provided below. Attached Figure Description

[0076] The specific implementation is given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0077] - Figure 1 The illustrations depict power source labeling solutions according to several examples of this disclosure;

[0078] - Figure 2 The diagram illustrates flowcharts indicating methods according to several examples of this disclosure; and

[0079] - Figure 3 The illustration shows a block diagram of a data processing apparatus according to several examples of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0080] Based on several examples of this disclosure, this disclosure provides a solution for enhancing the security and trustworthiness of energy data tracking and labeling systems. This addresses the risk of power source label tampering. The invention discloses a power labeling algorithm that generates a signed power source certificate containing additional metadata, such as weather conditions. This allows for the verification of energy data and supports plausibility checks using the additional metadata. The data and power labels can be submitted to a ledger-based evidence collection platform, which can be stored centrally or in a distributed manner. The solutions disclosed, as illustrated in several examples of this disclosure, provide external auditors with the option to verify power source labels based on the submitted energy data and metadata. This process can detect manipulation and ensure label authenticity without unnecessary disclosure. By preventing "greenwashing" and increasing consumer trust in power labels, this disclosure supports sustainability and consumer trust.

[0081] For example, to improve comprehensibility and not limited thereto, document EP4481647 describes a technique for tracking and tagging energy or energy data sources.

[0082] Generally, technologies used to track and label the source of energy or energy data allow for the generation of power source labels that indicate the source of energy used in the production of a particular product. For example, a power source label can indicate that the energy used to produce a product comes entirely from renewable energy sources, thereby enhancing the product's value and appeal. However, currently, the credibility and security of power source labels are not considered from the consumer's perspective. Due to a lack of technological means to build trust in power source labels, consumer trust in them depends entirely on the supplier's integrity. For example, a supplier might claim that a product was produced using only renewable energy, when in fact it used non-renewable energy. From the customer's perspective, there is currently no way to verify the validity of power source labels. Therefore, suppliers have an incentive to provide counterfeit power source labels to gain an unfair advantage. Without technological mechanisms to support trust in power source labels, their appeal is diminished.

[0083] In view of this, and based on several examples of this disclosure, to introduce auditability, proof, and trust into power source tags, this disclosure proposes a method for combining verifiable and unverifiable information into an evidence collection system supporting power source tags. After implementation, the power source tag can carry information about the power source, can reference additional metadata that can provide evidence for the information in the power tag, and can carry the product supplier's cryptographic signature. This protects the power source tag from tampering and guarantees the origin of the power source tag. This in... Figure 1 The diagram is shown schematically.

[0084] Based on several examples in this disclosure, a supplier can be understood as a service provider or application provider, i.e., the party that provides a power source label to which a reference to the corresponding metadata is added. A consumer can be understood as a service user or application user, i.e., the party that uses the provided reference to verify the credibility of the power source label.

[0085] Now, for reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 The illustrations show several examples of power source labeling solutions according to this disclosure. Figure 1 A system 100 is schematically illustrated, comprising a manufacturer or manufacturing company 110 (e.g., a supplier as outlined above), an external party 120 (e.g., an auditor), and an energy management system (EMS) 130. The EMS 130 may include power tag evidence 140, which may include metadata 140 as outlined above and a cryptographic signature as mentioned above. The EMS 130 may also include a power source tagging algorithm or a power tagging algorithm 150, i.e., the power tagging algorithm 150 is implemented and / or executed within the EMS 130. Further, as... Figure 1 As indicated, manufacturing company 110 may store energy data 160a and supplementary data 160b in EMS 130. Energy data 160a may be associated with the energy or power used by manufacturing company 110 to produce, for example, a product A. More specifically, energy data 160a may be data about the energy or power used by manufacturing company 110 to produce, for example, a product A. A power source tag for product A may then indicate the source or origin of the energy or power used by manufacturing company 110 to produce product A. Supplementary data 160b may be associated with energy data 160a and may represent metadata as mentioned above. Supplementary data 160b may include supplementary information about energy data 160a. For example, supplementary data 160b may include information indicating weather conditions, which may allow for an evaluation of the reliability or trustworthiness of energy data 160a. For example, if energy data 160a indicates that the photovoltaic system has generated a certain amount of energy, supplementary data 160b may indicate the time during which that amount of energy was generated and / or the weather conditions (e.g., sunny weather) at the installation location of the photovoltaic system.

[0086] Manufacturing company 110 inputs energy data 160a and supplementary data 160b into EMS 130, or provides energy data 160a and supplementary data 160b to EMS 130, so that power tagging algorithm 150 can calculate or generate one or more power source tags 180. Therefore, power tagging algorithm 150 can use energy data 160a and supplementary data 160b (i.e., energy data 160a and metadata) to calculate one or more power source tags 180, which can then be provided as output of EMS 130.

[0087] For example, to improve comprehensibility, it can be assumed, but not limited to, that manufacturing company 110 produces a product A as described above. To obtain product A, several different processing steps S1, S2, and S3 are performed. In these processing steps S1, S2, and S3, several different starting materials B and C, as well as several different semi-finished products and components D and E, are processed according to a predetermined workflow. For step S1, an energy quantity E1 may be required; for step S2, an energy quantity E2 may be required; and for step S3, an energy quantity E3 may be required. E1 may include energy mix M1, E2 may include energy mix M2, and E3 may include energy mix M3. For example, M1 may include 100% renewable energy, M2 may include 100% fossil fuel energy (i.e., energy from fossil fuels), and M3 may include 50% renewable energy and 50% energy from fossil fuels. The energy data 160a provided by manufacturing company 110 may include all of this data / information E1 to E3 and M1 to M3. Additionally, supplementary data 160b is provided, which includes supplementary information regarding energy data 160a, specifically supplementary information regarding these data / information E1 to E3 and M1 to M3. This supplementary information includes, but is not limited to, weather conditions, power source labels for energy quantities E1 to E3, power source labels for starting materials B and C, and power source labels for semi-finished products and components D and E, and verification or proof of the actual amount of energy used in each processing step S1 to S3.

[0088] The power tagging algorithm 150 can then use energy data 160a to calculate one or more power source tags 180 for a product A. Additionally, the power tagging algorithm 150 can then add one or more references to corresponding supplementary data 160b to the calculated power source tags 180. The supplementary data 160b may be part of the power tagging evidence 140.

[0089] External party 120 can verify the credibility of one or more power source tags 180 of a product A by accessing or reviewing the corresponding additional data 160b (i.e., the corresponding metadata).

[0090] According to several examples of this disclosure, an external party 120 may further verify the credibility of one or more power source tags 180 of a product A by accessing or reviewing the cryptographic signature of the manufacturing company 110. The manufacturing company 110 may input or provide its cryptographic signature to the EMS 130 so that the power tagging algorithm 150 may add the cryptographic signature to the energy data 160a and / or additional data 160b provided by the manufacturing company 110.

[0091] Figure 1 The document further indicates that, additionally, auditor 120 may also possess an access code, decryption key, or key 170 associated with one or more specific metadata fragments referenced by a reference that has been (e.g., by power tagging algorithm 150) added to a power source tag 180 provided to auditor 120. In other words, key 170 may authorize auditor 120 to access one or more specific metadata fragments.

[0092] Should be in Figure 1 The document further instructs that, additionally, once created, the authorized source label 180 can be stored on the evidence collection platform 190, for example, as outlined in more detail below.

[0093] Should be in Figure 1 The instructions further state that, due to security measures in place, attacker 200 is unable to manipulate the power tag algorithm 150, energy data 160a, or supplementary data 160b.

[0094] The following will provide a more detailed overview, such as Figure 1 The system 100 shown in the figure.

[0095] That is, according to several examples in this disclosure, a reference to the additional data 160b or metadata can be constructed as a cryptographic hash calculated based on the actual metadata. Thus, the power source tag 180 does not carry actual metadata, but only a reference to it, which allows the supplier or manufacturing company 110 to disclose the metadata used in generating the power source tag 180 during verification. Therefore, the power source tag 180 does not reveal any sensitive information without supplier intervention. However, it binds the supplier to the metadata used during the generation of the power source tag 180. Therefore, during verification, malicious suppliers who disclose false metadata to "greenwash" their products can be detected.

[0096] Based on several examples in this disclosure, the metadata providing evidence for the power source tag 180 can be an aggregation of several data points with different levels of credibility. Examples include cryptographically verifiable data, credible data, and purely informational data.

[0097] If verification of the power source label 180 is required (e.g., by auditor 120 during a spot check), the supplier may disclose metadata to demonstrate the power source label 180 or at least increase confidence in the power source label 180 by providing supporting evidence.

[0098] Based on several examples in this disclosure, in addition to metadata, a ledger-based evidence collection platform in a cloud or distributed peer-to-peer system is disclosed as an optional add-on to a solution. This ledger-based evidence collection platform... Figure 1 The figure shows the reference numeral 190. By submitting the power source tag 180 and the included metadata to the evidence collection platform 190, the power source tag 180 not only prevents tampering but also prevents omission or republication. Therefore, post-production greenwashing attacks are also prevented.

[0099] Based on several examples in this disclosure, auditor 120 can verify the correctness and authenticity of power source tag 180 using the solution described above. This verification is achieved without requiring the supplier to disclose information beyond what is necessary to provide evidence for a specific power source tag 180. This allows for a very granular audit process, even down to the level of a single power source tag 180. The metadata providing evidence for the power source tag 180 can be an aggregation of several data points. For example, it could include measurements from the power management system in the plant, inverters in the photovoltaic installation, power consumption of individual machines, or even weather reports. Furthermore, the metadata itself can have heterogeneous levels of trust and does not necessarily need to be verifiable. For example, data from inverters in the photovoltaic installation may not be verifiable because the inverter itself does not provide this functionality. This lack of trust can be compensated for by verifying verifiable weather reports confirming sufficient sunshine during the time frame discussed. By cryptographically signing the power source tag 180, manipulation of the power source tag 180 itself and all included or referenced metadata can be detected. This not only prevents vendor fraud but also allows the use of composite power source tags 180 if the discussion group's products are used in deeper parts of the supply chain to manufacture other products. A wide range of metadata types can be supported, including verifiable evidence (e.g., cryptographically signed data) and non-verifiable evidence (e.g., power consumption data from the machine). However, all metadata is protected from tampering by using hash-based references in the power source tag 180 and submitting the power source tag 180 to the evidence collection platform. Through the ledger-based evidence collection platform 190, auditor 120 can be confident that no power source tags 180 are omitted or duplicated because any new power source tags 180 are built on-chain within the ledger-based evidence collection platform. Therefore, tampering with existing power source tags 180 is prohibited even if the original issuing vendor possesses all the key material.

[0100] Therefore, protection for the power source label 180 is provided based on several examples of this disclosure. This protection ensures that the power source label 180 remains secure and tamper-proof. This includes preventing any external entity or attacker 200 from modifying the power source label 180, thereby maintaining its integrity and trustworthiness. Any confidential information can be kept confidential by referencing it in the metadata without disclosing additional evidence until it needs to be disclosed during verification (e.g., to auditor 120). By protecting the power source label 180 and ensuring its verifiability, this disclosure enhances the reliability and corporate value of the power source label 180, thereby increasing trust among external parties (e.g., customers, auditor 120, and regulatory agencies).

[0101] Furthermore, according to several examples in this disclosure, external verification of the power source tag 180 is provided. The feature of secure verifiability ensures that auditors 120 can confidently utilize energy data knowing that this data has not been tampered with throughout the process. This is a key aspect used to protect the power source tag 180 itself. Auditor 120 has the authority to verify the accuracy and authenticity of all data used to generate the power source tag 180, as well as the entire power source tagging process (which may be performed by the power tagging algorithm 150). This verification capability can occur dynamically during operation, allowing audits to be conducted at flexible frequencies at any time.

[0102] Now, for reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 The diagram illustrates flowcharts illustrating methods according to several examples of this disclosure. These methods are used to make power source tags trustworthy and verifiable in an industrial environment. The method can be as described in the references... Figure 1 The method described herein. This method can be derived from, as referenced... Figure 1 The illustrated method is performed by a supplier or manufacturing company 110, EMS 130, or power tagging algorithm 150. Therefore, manufacturing company 110 can also be understood as representing a service provider or application provider. However, it should be noted that this method can also be performed by a third party, i.e., by a service provider or application provider different from manufacturing company 110. For example, the third party could be a provider or custodian offering services such as... Figure 1 The illustrated EMS 130 and / or the party providing or hosting the power tagging algorithm 150.

[0103] The method begins with step S200.

[0104] In S210, the method includes: obtaining a power source tag 180, the power source tag 180 carrying information about one or more power sources used for producing the product.

[0105] In S220, the method further includes adding a reference to metadata to the power source label 180, which provides evidence of information about one or more power sources.

[0106] This method ends with S230.

[0107] Now, for reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 A block diagram schematically illustrating a data processing apparatus 300 according to several examples of the present disclosure is shown. Specifically, an apparatus 300 is provided for making power source tags credible and verifiable in an industrial environment, as referenced above. Figure 1 As outlined above. The device 300 includes one or more processors 301 configured to perform the operations described in the reference above. Figure 2 The methods outlined above. Apparatus 300 may include tools for operation and / or function as described in the reference above. Figure 1 The components of this EMS 130 are described in the overview.

[0108] More specifically, based on various examples, it is configured to execute Figure 2 The apparatus 300 of the method may include a processing circuitry, processing functions, processing components, processing units, or a processor 301 that enables the apparatus 300 to participate in making power source tags trustworthy and verifiable in an industrial environment. The processor 301 may include one or more processing portions or functions, wherein the processing portions or functions may be provided as one or more physical or virtual entities. The apparatus 300 may include one or more communication interfaces 302. The apparatus 300 may also include a memory or memory unit 303 for storing data, programs, and / or instructions to be executed by the processor. The memory 303 may be internal to the apparatus 300 or external to the apparatus 300, such as memory at a cloud server. The processor 301 may include one or more portions that enable the apparatus 300 to perform, for example... Figure 2 The method. Based on several examples of this disclosure, obtaining part 310 can be configured according to... Figure 2 S210 performs this acquisition, and the added part 320 can be configured to... Figure 2 The S220 performs this addition.

[0109] Based on several examples of this disclosure, the corresponding portions of device 300 can also be understood as components for performing specific functions.

[0110] Based on several examples of this disclosure, a data processing system is provided for making power source tags trustworthy and verifiable in an industrial environment. This data processing system includes, according to... Figure 3The device 300. Additionally or alternatively, the data processing system includes components for performing... Figure 2 The components of the method. A data processing system can be as shown in the reference. Figure 1 The system 100 shown in the figure.

[0111] According to several examples of this disclosure, an industrial plant is provided, the industrial long hair including according to Figure 3 The device 300 and / or the data processing system as outlined above. The industrial plant may be an industrial plant on which a specific product is produced and for which power source tags are calculated (i.e., for the production of that specific product). The industrial plant may be manufactured by manufacturing company 110 or as referenced above. Figure 1 The supplier operations outlined herein.

[0112] According to several examples of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium is provided that includes instructions that, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform as described in the reference. Figure 2 The methods outlined herein. Computer-readable media may be transient or non-transient, volatile or non-volatile.

[0113] According to several examples of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium is provided that includes instructions that, when executed by a computing system, enable the computing system to perform actions as described in the references. Figure 2 The methods outlined may enable a computing system to perform as described in the reference. Figure 2 The methods outlined above. A computer program product may include a computer-readable medium that includes instructions for the computer program product. The computer-readable medium mentioned above may store the computer program product thereon.

[0114] Based on several examples of this disclosure, uses are provided for at least one of apparatus 300, a data processing system as outlined above, an industrial plant as outlined above, a computer-readable medium as outlined above, and a computer program product as outlined above. Specifically, a method is provided for enabling power source tags to be trusted and verifiable in industrial environments, as described in the references. Figure 2 The outlined method describes its uses and provides the purpose of the power source tags to which references have been added.

[0115] For reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Optional features of the method outlined in any of the figures can be incorporated into apparatus 200, data processing system, industrial plant and application with appropriate modifications.

[0116] Any unit, module, circuit system, or methodology described herein may be implemented using hardware, software, and / or firmware configured to perform any of the operations described herein. Hardware may include one or more processor cores, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), etc. Software may be embodied as software packages, code, instructions, instruction sets, and / or data recorded on at least one transient or non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Firmware may be embodied as code, instructions, or instruction sets and / or data hard-coded in a memory device (e.g., a non-volatile memory device).

[0117] If implemented in software, the functionality can be stored on or transmitted via a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media include computer-readable storage media. A computer-readable storage medium can be any available storage medium accessible to a computer. By way of example, but not limited to, such computer-readable storage media can include flash memory storage media, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage devices, disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the required program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. As used herein, “disc” and “plate” include optical discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs (BDs), where discs typically copy data magnetically, and discs typically copy data optically using a laser. Furthermore, transmitted signals can be included within the scope of computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable media also include communication media, which include any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. For example, a connection can be a communication medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio, and microwave), then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio, and microwave) are included in the definition of communication media. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0118] Within the scope of this specification, which can be performed based on the general knowledge of those skilled in the art, the applicant hereby individually discloses each individual feature described herein and any combination of two or more such features, regardless of whether such features or combinations of features solve any of the problems disclosed herein and are not limited to the scope of the claims. The applicant indicates that various aspects of the invention may consist of any such individual features or combinations of features.

[0119] It should be noted that embodiments of the invention are described with reference to different categories. Specifically, some examples are described with reference to methods, while others are described with reference to devices. However, those skilled in the art should infer from the specification that, unless otherwise notified, any combination of features relating to different categories is also considered to be disclosed in this application, except for any combination of features belonging to one category. However, all features can be combined to provide a synergistic effect beyond a simple superposition of the features.

[0120] While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the accompanying drawings and foregoing description, these illustrations and descriptions are to be considered exemplary and not restrictive. The invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variations of the disclosed embodiments will be understood and implemented by those skilled in the art through a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.

[0121] The fact that certain measures are referenced in mutually different dependent claims does not mean that combinations of these measures cannot be used advantageously.

[0122] No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

1. A method for making power source tags trustworthy and verifiable in an industrial environment, the method comprising: - Obtain (S210) the power source tag, the power source tag carrying information about one or more power sources for the production of the product; as well as - Add (S220) a reference to metadata to the power source label, the metadata providing evidence for the information about the one or more power sources.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Add a cryptographic signature to the power source tag and / or submit the power source tag and the metadata to a ledger-based evidence collection platform.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein adding the reference comprises: - Construct the reference as a cryptographic hash calculated on the metadata; as well as - Add the password hash to the power source label.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metadata comprises an aggregation of a plurality of data points, wherein a data point among the plurality of data points is associated with a share of the power used in the production of the product, wherein the share is in the range of 0% to 100%.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metadata comprises an aggregation of a plurality of sub-metadata fragments, wherein a sub-metadata fragment among the plurality of sub-metadata fragments is associated with a share of the power used in the production of the product, wherein the share is in the range of 0% to 100%.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, The data points among these multiple data points have different levels of reliability. The sub-metadata fragments among the plurality of sub-metadata fragments have different levels of credibility.

7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, The aggregated data points in the aggregation of the multiple data points have heterogeneous trust levels. The aggregated sub-metadata fragments in the aggregate of the plurality of sub-metadata fragments have heterogeneous trust levels.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the metadata includes at least one of the following: - Measurements from the power management system at the factory associated with the production of the product. - The inverter of the photovoltaic device associated with the power used in the production. - The power consumption of one or more machines associated with the production of the product, and - A weather report indicating one or more environmental conditions associated with the production of the product.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the metadata includes at least one of the following: - Verifiable data; - Unverifiable data; and - Power source tag associated with the source of the metadata.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: An authorized auditor verifies the accuracy and authenticity of the data used to generate the power source label and / or verifies the tagging process performed for the generation of the power source label, wherein the authorization is based on enabling the auditor to access one or more fragments of the metadata associated with the power source label based on the added reference.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein adding the reference to the metadata further comprises: Add a reference to one or more fragments of the metadata, wherein the one or more fragments of the metadata are shares of the metadata associated with the power source label.

12. A data processing apparatus (300) comprising one or more processors configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A computer program product comprising instructions that, when executed by a computing system, enable and / or cause the computing system to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A computer-readable medium on which a computer program product according to claim 13 is stored.

15. Use of one or more power source tags for marking power sources used in an industrial environment, wherein the one or more power source tags are obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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