A chest puncture training device

Abstract

This invention discloses a thoracentesis training device, belonging to the technical field of medical training equipment. The device includes a shell, a visible cortical layer, a timed warning layer, a control module, a simulated filling layer, a rib simulated frame, a lung surface simulated layer, a resistance point simulated layer, a respiratory rhythm simulated component, and a puncture component. The multi-layered simulated structure is arranged from top to bottom inside the shell, with the puncture component located on the outside. The respiratory rhythm simulated component is connected to the timed warning layer via tubing, mechanically simulating dynamic changes in human respiration. The resistance point simulated layer can switch between pneumothorax and pleural effusion training scenarios, and the timed warning layer provides mechanical warnings for puncture errors. This invention realistically recreates the clinical puncture environment, supports tiered training, and overcomes the shortcomings of traditional training models, such as static nature, limited scenarios, and lack of warning functions. It is suitable for simulation training of different age groups, offering strong realism and versatility, and is applicable to standardized skills training in medical thoracentesis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical puncture training devices, specifically to a thoracentesis training device. Background Technology

[0002] In clinical medicine, medical education, and clinical skills training, thoracentesis is one of the core operational skills in departments such as cardiac surgery, emergency medicine, and respiratory medicine. It is mainly used in clinical scenarios such as pneumothorax drainage and pleural effusion puncture, and the accuracy of the procedure is directly related to the patient's life safety. Currently, training methods for thoracentesis mostly use traditional mannequins or simple puncture models, which have many shortcomings and cannot meet the needs of efficient and accurate training.

[0003] Existing devices lack an effective early warning mechanism for puncture errors and cannot simulate the consequences of errors such as untimely or excessive puncture. Trainees find it difficult to intuitively perceive the harm of operational errors, resulting in poor training effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a thoracentesis training device to solve the technical problem of existing thoracentesis training models lacking early warning devices for puncture errors or slow puncture. This device provides effective early warning for puncture errors and slow puncture, improves the realism and effectiveness of training, and helps trainees quickly master thoracentesis operation skills.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a thoracentesis training device, comprising a shell, a visible cortex, a timed warning layer, a control module, a simulated filling layer, a rib simulated frame, a lung surface simulated layer, a resistance point simulated layer, a respiratory rhythm simulation component, and a puncture component. The visible cortex, simulated filling layer, rib simulated frame, lung surface simulated layer, resistance point simulated layer, and timed warning layer are sequentially arranged inside the shell from top to bottom, and the shell has several through holes. The respiratory rhythm simulation component is connected to the timed warning layer via tubing, and the puncture component is located on the outside of the shell.

[0006] Furthermore, the time-limited warning layer includes a fixed frame and a simulated blood vessel. The fixed frame is fixed inside the bottom of the outer shell, and the simulated blood vessel is installed inside the fixed frame. Both ends of the simulated blood vessel are respectively inserted into the through holes, and a pressure regulating valve is provided at one end of the simulated blood vessel.

[0007] Furthermore, the breathing rhythm simulation component includes a transmission tube, a transfer chamber, and a display bottle. The transmission tube passes through the outer shell and the fixing frame, and both ends of the transmission tube are respectively connected to the simulated blood vessel. The transfer chamber is formed in the middle section of the transmission tube and is vertically connected to the display bottle. A water injection tube is connected to the side wall of the transmission tube.

[0008] Furthermore, the breathing rhythm simulation component also includes a limiting ring, a sealing slide plate, and a counterweight. The sealing slide plate is slidably fitted inside the display bottle, the limiting ring is fixedly installed at the port of the display bottle, and the counterweight is detachably fitted onto the sealing slide plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the resistance simulation layer includes a double-layer rubber membrane, a barrier plate, an air injection hole, a water injection hole, and an outlet. The double-layer rubber membrane is located at the center inside the resistance simulation layer. Several barrier plates are evenly distributed on the side of the double-layer rubber membrane that is far apart from each other. The air injection hole and the water injection hole both penetrate the resistance simulation layer and are connected to the interior of the double-layer rubber membrane. The outlet is located on the side of the resistance simulation layer away from the air injection hole, and the outlet is on the same horizontal line as one of the through holes. The outer shell is provided with a rotary regulating valve in the through hole corresponding to the outlet.

[0010] Furthermore, a sealed chamber is formed between the two layers of rubber membrane, and the air injection hole and water injection hole are both connected to this sealed chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the visible skin is composed of a combination of PDLC film and thermoplastic polyurethane, with the PDLC film compositely disposed on the surface of the thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0012] Furthermore, the diameter of the simulated blood vessel is consistent with the diameter of the main blood vessels in the human chest cavity, the simulated blood vessel is filled with a red liquid that simulates blood, and the pressure regulating valve is a spring-loaded pressure regulating valve.

[0013] Furthermore, the puncture assembly includes a reservoir, a connecting tube, a handle, and a puncture needle. The reservoir is mounted on the outside of the housing, and the two ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the reservoir and the handle. The puncture needle is fixedly installed at the end of the handle.

[0014] Furthermore, the puncture assembly also includes a suspension bracket, which is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the housing, and the handle and the puncture needle are matched and suspended on the suspension bracket.

[0015] Furthermore, the resistance simulation layer also includes a pull handle, which is fixedly assembled to the outer end face of the resistance simulation layer.

[0016] The visible skin is composed of a PDLC film and thermoplastic polyurethane, with the PDLC film compositely disposed on the surface of the thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0017] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the sealed double-layer rubber membrane chamber, the two clinical puncture training scenarios of pneumothorax and pleural effusion can be switched through the air injection port and water injection port respectively. With the addition of the rotating adjustment valve, the drainage and air exhaust rates can be precisely adjusted. The training scenarios are comprehensive and can meet diverse training needs. With the pull handle, it can be quickly disassembled and maintained, making it highly convenient to use.

[0018] The beneficial effects of exercising power: 1. The present invention provides a thoracentesis training device. The respiratory rhythm simulation component adopts a detachable counterweight and linkage pipeline structure, which can flexibly adjust the medium circulation pressure and flow rate, accurately adapt to the respiratory frequency and fluctuation amplitude of patients of different ages such as adults and children, and the device has stronger adaptability and versatility.

[0019] 2. The present invention provides a thoracentesis training device with a PDLC film composite thermoplastic polyurethane combined structure for the visible cortex, which can freely switch between transparent and non-transparent shielding states. It can help novices become familiar with anatomical structures and correct puncture errors through the visible state, and can simulate clinical blind puncture operations through the non-transparent state, forming a graded training system that is suitable for all stages of medical skills training. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thoracentesis training device according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of a thoracentesis training device according to the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the AA-line structure; Figure 4 This is a side view of a thoracentesis training device according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the respiratory rhythm simulation component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a top view of the breathing rhythm simulation component of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 BB line structural cross-sectional view; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the resistance simulation layer of the present invention; Figure 9This is a top view of the resistance point simulation layer of the present invention; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 CC-line structural cross-sectional view; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the visible skin layer of the present invention.

[0022] Figure label: 1-Outer shell, 101-Discharge pipe, 102-Collection box, 2-Visible skin layer, 201-PDLC film (polymer dispersed liquid crystal), 202-Thermoplastic polyurethane, 3-Simulated filling layer, 4-Rib simulated frame, 5-Lung surface simulated layer, 6-Barrier simulated layer, 601-Double rubber membrane, 602-Barrier plate, 603-Inflation port, 604-Water injection port, 605-Discharge outlet, 606-Pull handle, 7-Time-limited pre- 701-Fixed frame, 702-Simulated blood vessel, 703-Pressure regulating valve, 8-Respiratory rhythm simulation component, 801-Transmission tube, 802-Water injection tube, 803-Transfer chamber, 804-Display bottle, 805-Restriction ring, 806-Sealing slide plate, 807-Counterweight, 9-Punch assembly, 901-Reservoir tank, 902-Connecting tube, 903-Handle, 904-Punch needle, 905-Suspension mounting frame. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0025] Example 1:

[0026] like Figures 1-10 As shown, this embodiment discloses a thoracentesis training device for simulated pneumothorax puncture training. It relies on the purely mechanical tubing linkage structure of the breathing rhythm simulation component 8 to simulate the dynamic breathing state of the human body, and works with the puncture component 9 to complete practical training. Combined with the state switching function of the visible cortex 2, it realizes layered practical training.

[0027] Specifically, it includes an outer shell 1, a visible cortex 2, a timed warning layer 7, a control module, a simulated filling layer 3, a rib simulated frame 4, a lung surface simulated layer 5, a resistance point simulated layer 6, a respiratory rhythm simulated component 8, and a puncture component 9. The visible cortex 2, simulated filling layer 3, rib simulated frame 4, lung surface simulated layer 5, resistance point simulated layer 6, and timed warning layer 7 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the outer shell 1, and the outer shell 1 has several through holes.

[0028] The visible skin layer 2 is composed of a PDLC film 201 and thermoplastic polyurethane 202, with the PDLC film 201 compositely disposed on the surface of the thermoplastic polyurethane 202. The time-limited warning layer 7 includes a fixing frame 701 and a simulated blood vessel 702. The fixing frame 701 is fixed inside the bottom of the outer shell 1, and the simulated blood vessel 702 is installed inside the fixing frame 701. Both ends of the simulated blood vessel 702 are respectively inserted into through holes, and a pressure regulating valve 703 is provided at one end of the simulated blood vessel 702. The respiratory rhythm simulation component 8 is connected to the time-limited warning layer 7 via tubing; the puncture component 9 is located on the outside of the outer shell 1.

[0029] The breathing rhythm simulation component 8 includes a transmission tube 801, a transfer chamber 803, and a display bottle 804. The transmission tube 801 passes through the outer shell 1 and the fixing frame 701, and both ends of the transmission tube 801 are connected to the simulated blood vessel 702. The transfer chamber 803 is formed in the middle section of the transmission tube 801 and is vertically connected to the display bottle 804. A water injection tube 802 is connected and installed on the side wall of the transmission tube 801. The breathing rhythm simulation component 8 also includes a limiting ring 805, a sealing slide plate 806, and a counterweight 807. The sealing slide plate 806 is slidably mounted inside the display bottle 804, the limiting ring 805 is fixedly installed at the port of the display bottle 804, and the counterweight 807 is detachably mounted on the sealing slide plate 806.

[0030] The specific training process is as follows: Before training, check the overall sealing of the device, the connectivity of the pipelines, and the integrity of each structural assembly. Inject red liquid simulating blood into the transmission pipe 801 through the water injection pipe 802, so that the medium fully fills the interior of the simulated blood vessel 702. According to the target training population, match and adjust the respiratory simulation parameters: replace the counterweight 807 with the corresponding specification to match the appropriate respiratory fluctuation amplitude and frequency. Adult training uses a heavy counterweight, and children training uses a light counterweight, thus simulating the respiratory characteristics of patients of different ages. At the same time, the light transmission state of the visible cortex 2 can be manually switched according to the trainee's proficiency.

[0031] The resistance simulation layer 6 includes a double-layer rubber membrane 601, a barrier plate 602, an air injection hole 603, a water injection hole 604, and an outlet 605. The double-layer rubber membrane 601 is located at the center of the resistance simulation layer 6. Several barrier plates 602 are evenly distributed on the side of the double-layer rubber membrane 601 that is far apart from each other. The air injection hole 603 and the water injection hole 604 both penetrate the resistance simulation layer 6 and are connected to the interior of the double-layer rubber membrane 601. The outlet 605 is located on the side of the resistance simulation layer 6 away from the air injection hole 603, and the outlet 605 is on the same horizontal line as one of the through holes. The outer shell 1 is provided with a rotary regulating valve in the through hole corresponding to the outlet 605. A sealed chamber is formed between the double-layer rubber membranes 601, and the air injection hole 603 and the water injection hole 604 are both connected to this sealed chamber.

[0032] When setting up a pneumothorax scenario, gas is injected into the sealed cavity of the double-layer rubber membrane 601 through the air injection hole 603 of the blocking simulation layer 6 to construct a clinical pneumothorax pathological simulation scenario. After the cavity is inflated, a stable pressure accumulation is formed. In conjunction with the cyclic operation of the breathing rhythm simulation component 8, the dynamic fluctuation of thoracic pressure during the breathing process of a pneumothorax patient is simulated.

[0033] The puncture assembly 9 includes a reservoir 901, a connecting tube 902, a handle 903, and a puncture needle 904. The reservoir 901 is mounted on the outside of the outer casing 1. The two ends of the connecting tube 902 are respectively connected to the reservoir 901 and the handle 903. The puncture needle 904 is fixedly installed at the end of the handle 903. The puncture assembly 9 also includes a suspension bracket 905, which is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the outer casing 1. The handle 903 and the puncture needle 904 can be matched and suspended on the suspension bracket 905.

[0034] During puncture practice, the trainee holds the handle 903 of the puncture component 9 and manipulates the puncture needle 904 to insert the needle at a standard clinical puncture site. The simulated filling layer 3 and the simulated lung surface layer 5 provide tiered puncture resistance and tactile feedback. During training, the respiratory rhythm simulation component 8 operates continuously in mechanical linkage to simulate puncture interference caused by the fluctuations of human breathing. If operational errors such as deviation of the puncture angle or exceeding the depth limit result in puncturing the simulated blood vessel 702, abnormal internal pressure triggers the pressure regulating valve 703, forming a mechanical pressure warning to indicate operational errors. The puncture drainage medium can be collected in the reservoir 901 via the puncture needle 904 and connecting tube 902. After training, the handle 903 and puncture needle 904 can be suspended and placed on the suspension rack 905 for storage.

[0035] During the training, when the pressure of the medium inside the simulated blood vessel 702 reaches a threshold, the medium flows into the transfer chamber 803, pushing the sealing slide plate 806 and the counterweight 807 inside the display bottle 804 upwards, simulating the state of human inhalation and increased thoracic pressure; at this time, the passage at the end of the water injection pipe 802 is closed to ensure stable pressure. When the thoracic pressure drops, the counterweight 807 presses down on the sealing slide plate 806 under its own weight, squeezing the medium to complete the backflow, simulating the state of human exhalation and decreased thoracic pressure, and the reciprocating cycle realizes continuous dynamic breathing simulation.

[0036] In addition, beginners can switch the visible cortex 2 to a transparent viewing state during training to directly observe the deviation of the puncture needle insertion position, depth, and angle, and quickly correct their operation technique. After becoming proficient in the operation, they can switch to the non-transparent state to simulate a blind puncture operation in clinical practice. After the puncture is accurately completed, the internal pressure of the device returns to stability, the warning is lifted, and the trainee can adjust the air release rate by rotating the regulating valve to complete the entire pneumothorax puncture and drainage procedure training.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: This embodiment relies on the purely mechanical adjustable respiratory rhythm simulation component 8 to accurately adapt to the respiratory characteristics of patients of different ages. It constructs a standard pneumothorax training scenario through the block point simulation layer 6, and cooperates with the visible cortex 2 to realize layered training and operation error correction, effectively standardizes the pneumothorax puncture operation process, and significantly improves the accuracy and standardization of puncture training.

[0038] Example 2:

[0039] The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1. The difference is that it is used for pleural thorax simulation puncture training. The breathing rhythm simulation component 8 simulates the dynamic breathing fluctuations of the human body, and the pleural thorax pathological scenario is built based on the resistance point simulation layer 6. The puncture component 9 is used to complete the full-process practical training.

[0040] The specific training process is as follows: Device debugging and parameter setting: Before training, check the structural integrity of the device and the sealing of the pipeline. Simulated blood medium is injected through the water injection pipe 802. Based on the age group of the training subjects, match and replace the corresponding counterweight 807, and set the appropriate respiratory rate and fluctuation amplitude to complete the respiratory simulation parameter debugging. Manually switch the light transmission state of the visible cortex 2 according to training needs, adapting to novice error correction training or advanced blind operation training.

[0041] During the setup of the pleural effusion scenario, simulated effusion medium is injected into the sealed cavity of the double-layer rubber membrane 601 through the water injection hole 604 of the resistance simulation layer 6 to construct a pathological simulation scenario of pleural effusion. After the effusion is filled, a stable intracavitary pressure is formed. In conjunction with the dynamic cyclic operation of the respiratory rhythm simulation component 8, the clinical reality of effusion sloshing and pleural pressure fluctuation during the breathing process of a patient with pleural effusion is reproduced, forming a dedicated pleural effusion puncture resistance feedback.

[0042] During practical puncture training, the trainee uses the handle 903 to manipulate the puncture needle 904 to perform a pleural puncture. The multi-layered simulation structure provides tiered puncture resistance that conforms to the human body tissue. Throughout the training, the breathing rhythm simulation component 8 continuously simulates dynamic respiratory disturbances. If errors such as excessive puncture depth or angle deviation occur, the timed warning layer 7 triggers a mechanical warning through internal pressure changes, indicating an operational abnormality. After a successful puncture, the effusion medium can be collected in the reservoir 901 via the puncture component 9. After training, the puncture needle 904 and handle 903 can be suspended and stored in the suspension rack 905.

[0043] During the pleural effusion training, the respiratory rhythm simulation component 8, through the gravity reset of the counterweight 807 and the linkage structure of the tubing, periodically adjusts the internal pressure of the device, accurately replicating the respiratory fluctuation characteristics of pleural effusion patients of different ages. The small counterweight parameter is suitable for the high-frequency, small-amplitude breathing state of children, while the large counterweight parameter is suitable for the low-frequency, large-amplitude breathing state of adults, highly replicating the interference environment of clinical puncture.

[0044] Visual error correction and drainage training: Trainees can switch the visible cortex 2 to a transparent state as needed to visually check for problems such as puncture deviation and improper insertion depth, and quickly correct their operating techniques. When the puncture needle 904 accurately punctures the fluid accumulation chamber of the simulated layer 6, the simulated fluid flows out from the drain outlet 605, the device pressure returns to stability, and the warning is lifted. Trainees can flexibly adjust the drainage speed by rotating the regulating valve, practice drainage operation skills under different fluid accumulation conditions, and complete standardized training of the entire process of pleural thoracentesis and drainage.

[0045] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: This embodiment accurately matches the respiratory characteristics of patients of different ages through an adjustable mechanical breathing simulation structure, builds a highly realistic pleural effusion training scenario based on the resistance simulation layer 6, and effectively standardizes the pleural effusion puncture and drainage operation with the special puncture component 9 and the layered visual training structure. The training is highly professional, realistic and adaptable.

[0046] Using the above-mentioned thoracentesis training device has the following advantages: 1. Advantages of dynamic simulation performance: Traditional models are mostly static and fixed structures, which cannot simulate the dynamic fluctuations and pressure changes of human respiration, resulting in a disconnect between the training environment and clinical practice. This device, through a purely mechanical adjustable respiratory rhythm simulation component, can accurately simulate the respiratory state of people of different ages, dynamically restore clinical puncture interference factors, and greatly improve the realism of training.

[0047] 2. Advantages in adapting to practical training scenarios: Traditional models only support training in a single puncture scenario and cannot switch between pathological conditions; this device can quickly switch between two core clinical training scenarios, pneumothorax and pleural effusion, through the blocking point simulation layer, providing comprehensive scenario coverage and meeting diverse training needs.

[0048] 3. Performance advantages of error warning: Traditional models lack autonomous warning functions, and operational errors can only rely on manual feedback, which is highly lagging; this device relies on the mechanical pressure linkage structure of the time-limited warning layer, which can identify puncture errors and trigger warnings in real time without manual intervention, resulting in higher training efficiency.

[0049] 4. Advantages of tiered training: Traditional models lack a tiered training structure and cannot adapt to trainees with different levels of experience; this device, through the state switching function of the visible cortex, takes into account both basic error correction training for beginners and advanced clinical blind operation training, forming a complete tiered training system.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thoracentesis training device, characterized in that, include: The outer shell (1), the visible cortex (2), the time-limited warning layer (7), the control module, the simulation filling layer (3), the rib simulation frame (4), the lung surface simulation layer (5), the resistance point simulation layer (6), the respiratory rhythm simulation component (8), and the puncture component (9); The visible skin layer (2), the simulated filling layer (3), the rib simulated frame (4), the lung surface simulated layer (5), the blocking point simulated layer (6) and the time-limited warning layer (7) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom inside the outer shell (1), and the outer shell (1) has several through holes. The time-limited warning layer (7) includes a fixing frame (701) and a simulated blood vessel (702). The fixing frame (701) is fixed inside the bottom of the outer shell (1). The simulated blood vessel (702) is installed inside the fixing frame (701), and both ends of the simulated blood vessel (702) are respectively inserted into the through hole. A pressure regulating valve (703) is provided at one end of the simulated blood vessel (702). The breathing rhythm simulation component (8) is connected to the timed warning layer (7) via a pipeline; the puncture component (9) is located on the outside of the outer shell (1).

2. The thoracentesis training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The breathing rhythm simulation component (8) includes a transmission tube (801), a transfer chamber (803), and a display bottle (804); the transmission tube (801) passes through the outer shell (1) and the fixing frame (701), and both ends of the transmission tube (801) are respectively connected to the simulated blood vessel (702); the transfer chamber (803) is formed in the middle section of the transmission tube (801); the transfer chamber (803) is vertically connected to the display bottle (804); and a water injection tube (802) is connected to the side wall of the transmission tube (801).

3. The thoracentesis training device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The breathing rhythm simulation component (8) also includes a limiting ring (805), a sealing slide plate (806), and a counterweight (807); the sealing slide plate (806) is slidably fitted inside the display bottle (804), the limiting ring (805) is fixedly installed at the port of the display bottle (804), and the counterweight (807) is detachably fitted onto the sealing slide plate (806).

4. The thoracentesis training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resistance simulation layer (6) includes a double-layer rubber membrane (601), a barrier plate (602), an air injection hole (603), a water injection hole (604), and an outlet (605). The double-layer rubber membrane (601) is located at the center inside the resistance simulation layer (6). Several barrier plates (602) are evenly distributed on the side of the double-layer rubber membrane (601) that are far apart from each other. The air injection hole (603) and the water injection hole (604) both penetrate the resistance simulation layer (6) and are connected to the inside of the double-layer rubber membrane (601). The outlet (605) is located on the side of the resistance simulation layer (6) that is far away from the air injection hole (603), and the outlet (605) is on the same horizontal line as one of the through holes. The outer shell (1) is provided with a rotary regulating valve in the through hole corresponding to the outlet (605).

5. The thoracentesis training device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A sealed chamber is formed between the double-layered rubber membranes (601), and the air injection hole (603) and water injection hole (604) are both connected to the sealed chamber.

6. The thoracentesis training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visible skin (2) is composed of a PDLC film (201) and thermoplastic polyurethane (202), wherein the PDLC film (201) is compositely disposed on the surface of the thermoplastic polyurethane (202).

7. The thoracentesis training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated blood vessel (702) is filled with a red liquid that simulates blood, and the pressure regulating valve (703) is a spring-loaded pressure regulating valve.

8. The thoracentesis training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The puncture assembly (9) includes a reservoir (901), a connecting tube (902), a handle (903), and a puncture needle (904); the reservoir (901) is mounted on the outside of the outer shell (1), the two ends of the connecting tube (902) are respectively connected to the reservoir (901) and the handle (903), and the puncture needle (904) is fixedly installed at the end of the handle (903).

9. The thoracentesis training device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The puncture assembly (9) also includes a suspension bracket (905), which is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the outer shell (1). The handle (903) and the puncture needle (904) can be matched and suspended on the suspension bracket (905).

10. The thoracentesis training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resistance simulation layer (6) also includes a pull handle (606), which is fixedly assembled on the outer end face of the resistance simulation layer (6).

Images