energy storage system

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a kind of energy storage system, it is related to the technical field of energy storage, wherein, energy storage system includes the multiple battery packs of stacking, battery pack includes cold plate, first, second liquid inlet connector with the liquid inlet of cold plate communication, first, second liquid outlet connector with the liquid outlet of cold plate communication, so that when the multiple battery packs of stacking are connected, the first liquid inlet connector and the first liquid outlet connector of the battery pack located above are connected with the second liquid inlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector of the adjacent battery pack below respectively, so as to realize the connection between battery pack without the intervention of external pipeline, so as to avoid the adverse effects caused by non-standard operation due to on-site liquid injection, especially when new battery pack is needed to flexibly adjust the energy storage capacity of energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, energy storage systems are mostly designed with a fixed energy storage capacity at the time of manufacture. If it is desired to increase the energy storage capacity of an existing energy storage system later in order to flexibly adjust the energy storage capacity, it is usually necessary to add a battery pack and stack it on top of the existing battery pack, and complete the fluid circuit and power connection between the battery pack and the existing battery pack.

[0003] Because the liquid cooling circuits between multiple battery packs are connected in parallel, external fluid delivery piping (Maniford piping) is required for on-site connection. This may involve replacing or extending the main inlet and outlet pipes, and connecting the cold plates of multiple battery packs to the main inlet and outlet pipes via numerous sub-pipes. This connection is complex, and on-site injection of coolant is also required. On-site injection is prone to improper operation, which can affect the heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid cooling unit for the battery packs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system to facilitate on-site assembly.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system, which includes a liquid cooling unit and at least one row of battery packs. Each row of battery packs includes multiple battery packs stacked together. The liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the cold plates of the multiple battery packs. Each battery pack includes a cold plate, a first liquid inlet connector and a second liquid inlet connector communicating with the liquid inlet of the cold plate, and a first liquid outlet connector and a second liquid outlet connector communicating with the liquid outlet of the cold plate. In the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, the first liquid inlet connector of one of the battery packs is used to connect with the second liquid inlet connector of an adjacent battery pack on one side, and the second liquid inlet connector of one battery pack is used to connect with the first liquid inlet connector of an adjacent battery pack on another side. In the stacking direction, the first liquid outlet connector of one battery pack is used to connect with the second liquid outlet connector of an adjacent battery pack on one side, and the second liquid outlet connector of one battery pack is used to connect with the first liquid outlet connector of an adjacent battery pack on another side.

[0006] In this embodiment, since the liquid inlet of the cold plate of the battery pack is connected to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector respectively, and the liquid outlet of the cold plate is connected to the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector respectively, when assembling and connecting multiple battery packs in the energy storage system, the multiple battery packs can first be stacked, for example, stacked in a row. Then, the first liquid inlet connector of the upper battery pack is connected to the second liquid inlet connector of the lower adjacent battery pack, thereby realizing the liquid path connection of the liquid inlet side between adjacent battery packs. Similarly, the first liquid outlet connector of the upper battery pack is connected to the second liquid outlet connector of the lower adjacent battery pack, thereby realizing the liquid path connection of the liquid outlet side between adjacent battery packs. Thus, the liquid path connection between adjacent battery packs is realized. Since the connection is made by the connectors built into the battery pack, no external pipeline intervention is required. Therefore, the connection is more convenient and there is no need for on-site liquid injection, as on-site liquid injection is prone to improper operation, which can lead to a reduction in heat dissipation effect. Secondly, when the energy storage system needs to flexibly adjust its energy storage capacity by adding new battery packs, the new battery packs can be conveniently stacked between existing battery packs. They can then be quickly connected to adjacent battery packs via the first liquid inlet connector, second liquid inlet connector, first liquid outlet connector, and second liquid outlet connector of the new battery pack. Since the cold plate inside the new battery pack and the pipelines connected to the cold plate can be pre-filled with liquid before assembly, no external manifold piping is required when connecting the new battery pack to the existing battery pack. Therefore, on-site liquid filling is not required, thus avoiding the harmful effects of on-site liquid filling.

[0007] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes an inlet pipe connected to the inlet and an outlet pipe connected to the outlet; a first inlet connector and a second inlet connector are respectively connected to the inlet pipe, and a first outlet connector and a second outlet connector are respectively connected to the outlet pipe. In this embodiment, liquid can be pre-filled into the cold plate of the battery pack and into the inlet and outlet pipes within the cold plate before assembling multiple battery packs. This allows for direct connection with other battery packs without the need for on-site liquid filling.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first and second liquid inlet connectors are mating male and female plugs, located on two surfaces of the battery pack along the stacking direction. For example, the first and second liquid inlet connectors can be positioned on the upper and lower surfaces of the battery pack, respectively, and are directly opposite each other in the stacking direction. In the stacking direction, the first liquid inlet connector of one of the battery packs is plugged into the second liquid inlet connector of an adjacent battery pack. In this embodiment, when stacking multiple batteries, the first and second liquid inlet connectors of adjacent battery packs can be plugged into each other, greatly improving the convenience of connection and eliminating the need for on-site liquid injection, thus reducing the risks associated with on-site liquid injection.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first and second liquid outlet connectors are mating male and female plugs, located on two surfaces of the battery pack along the stacking direction, such as the upper and lower surfaces of the battery pack. In the stacking direction, the first liquid outlet connector of one of the battery packs is plugged into the second liquid outlet connector of an adjacent battery pack. The first liquid inlet connector and the first liquid outlet connector are adjacent to each other on the same side of the battery pack's outer casing, as are the second liquid inlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector. In this embodiment, because the first liquid inlet connector and the first liquid outlet connector are adjacent to each other on the same side of the battery pack's outer casing, and the second liquid inlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are adjacent to each other on the same side of the battery pack's outer casing—for example, both the first liquid inlet connector and the first liquid outlet connector are located on the lower surface of the battery pack, and both the second liquid inlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are located on the upper surface of the battery pack—it facilitates user assembly and reduces the likelihood of errors.

[0010] In some embodiments, in a first direction of the battery pack, a first liquid inlet connector, a first liquid outlet connector, a second liquid inlet connector, and a second liquid outlet connector are located at one end of the battery pack, while the power input terminal and power output terminal of the battery pack are located at the other end of the battery pack. In this embodiment, placing the liquid cooling connector and the power connector on opposite sides of the battery cell in the first direction can achieve electrical and liquid isolation, effectively improving the safety of the battery pack. The first direction can be either the length direction or the width direction of the battery pack.

[0011] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes a housing for housing battery cells, a first housing disposed on one side wall of the housing, the height of the first housing in the stacking direction being the same as the height of the housing in the stacking direction, for example, the height of two sides of the first housing in the stacking direction being approximately flush with the height of two sides of the housing in the stacking direction, a first liquid inlet connector and a first liquid outlet connector being disposed adjacent to one surface of the first housing disposed along the stacking direction, for example, the first liquid inlet connector and the first liquid outlet connector being disposed adjacent to the lower surface of the first housing, a second liquid inlet connector and a second liquid outlet connector being disposed adjacent to another surface of the first housing disposed along the stacking direction, for example, the second liquid inlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector being disposed adjacent to the upper surface of the first housing, the liquid inlet of the cold plate and the liquid outlet of the cold plate being located inside the first housing, and in some embodiments, at least a portion of the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe of the battery pack being located inside the first housing. In this embodiment, any leakage at any liquid connection point between the inlet and outlet pipes, the inlet and outlet of the cold plate, the first inlet connector, the first outlet connector, the second inlet connector, and the second outlet connector can prevent coolant from entering the casing and causing short circuits in the battery cells or other electronic components inside the battery pack, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack.

[0012] In some embodiments, the battery pack also includes a second housing on a side wall, which can be the front panel or back panel of the outer casing. Due to the cabinet-less design, maintenance is convenient regardless of whether the second housing is located on the front or back panel of the outer casing. Some power devices of the battery pack are located within the second housing. The power input terminals of the battery pack are located on one surface of the second housing in the stacking direction, for example, the upper surface of the second housing. The power output terminals of the battery pack are located on the other surface of the second housing in the stacking direction, for example, the lower surface of the second housing. Since both the first and second housings are located on the same side wall, not only is the area utilization of that side wall improved, but also, because the inlet and outlet pipes are located in the first housing, and the power input and output terminals of the battery pack are located in the second housing, all on the same side wall, simultaneous maintenance is facilitated.

[0013] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes an inlet pipe connected to the liquid inlet and an outlet pipe connected to the liquid outlet. A first liquid inlet connector and a second liquid inlet connector are respectively connected to the inlet pipe, and a first liquid outlet connector and a second liquid outlet connector are respectively connected to the outlet pipe. In this embodiment, the liquid inlet of the cold plate can be connected to the first and second liquid inlet connectors via the inlet pipe, reducing the difficulty of connecting the first and second liquid inlet connectors to the liquid inlet. Similarly, the liquid outlet of the cold plate can be connected to the first and second liquid outlet connectors via the outlet pipe, further reducing the difficulty of connecting the first and second liquid outlet connectors to the liquid inlet. It is understood that the cold plate and the inlet and outlet pipes connected to it can be pre-filled with liquid before battery pack assembly, thus avoiding on-site liquid filling during assembly and facilitating flexible adjustments.

[0014] In some embodiments, a shut-off valve is provided on the liquid inlet line, located between the node where the liquid inlet line connects to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector, and between the liquid inlet and the liquid inlet. In this embodiment, the shut-off valve design further prevents leakage when the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector of the battery pack are connected to other battery packs.

[0015] In some embodiments, a shut-off valve is provided on the liquid outlet line, located between the node where the liquid inlet line connects to the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector, and the liquid outlet. Similarly, the shut-off valve design further prevents leakage when the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector of the battery pack are connected to other battery packs.

[0016] In some embodiments, the shut-off valve includes a male and a female connector connected to each other. The inlet pipeline includes a first inlet pipeline connected to the female connector and a second inlet pipeline connected to the male connector. The first inlet pipeline is connected to both the first and second inlet connectors, and the second inlet pipeline is connected to the inlet port. In this embodiment, since the shut-off valve includes male and female connectors that can be easily disassembled, the male and female connectors can be disassembled before transportation or handling, and then reconnected before assembly, which can effectively avoid damage caused by bumps or collisions during handling or transportation.

[0017] In some embodiments, the male connector is located on the side wall of the battery pack casing, while the female connector and the first liquid inlet pipe connected to the female connector are located outside the battery pack casing. In this embodiment, since the shut-off valve includes male and female connectors that can be easily disassembled, the male and female connectors can be disassembled before transportation or handling, and then reconnected before assembly. This effectively avoids damage to the first liquid inlet pipe during handling or transportation.

[0018] In some embodiments, multiple battery packs further include a first connecting connector and a second connecting connector interconnected by pipes. The first connecting connector is connected to a first liquid inlet connector, and the second connecting connector is connected to the second liquid inlet connector of an adjacent battery pack. In this embodiment, the interconnected first and second connecting connectors allow for connection between the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector of an adjacent battery pack without the need for external pipes. It is understood that the pipes connecting the first and second connecting connectors in this embodiment can be pre-filled with liquid, thus avoiding on-site liquid filling when connecting to other battery packs.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first and second liquid inlet connectors are located on the side wall of the battery pack casing. In this embodiment, since the first and second liquid inlet connectors are located on the side wall of the battery pack casing, they can be fixed in place, thereby improving their stability and reducing the risk of leakage.

[0020] In some embodiments, the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling plate are located on opposite sides of the liquid cooling plate in a first direction of the battery pack. The first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are located on one side of the housing in the first direction, and the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are located on the other side of the housing in the length direction. In this embodiment, since the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are located on one side of the housing in the first direction, and the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are located on the other side of the housing in the first direction, incorrect connection of the liquid inlet and outlet can be avoided, reducing the risk of connection error. Here, the first direction can be the length direction of the battery pack or the width direction of the battery pack.

[0021] In some embodiments, the opening sizes of both the first and second liquid inlet connectors are larger than the inner diameter of the liquid inlet; or, the opening sizes of both the first and second liquid outlet connectors are larger than the inner diameter of the liquid outlet. In this embodiment, since the opening sizes of both the first and second liquid inlet connectors are larger than the inner diameter of the liquid inlet, and the opening sizes of both the first and second liquid outlet connectors are larger than the inner diameter of the liquid outlet, after the liquid circuits of multiple battery packs are connected, the first liquid inlet pipe connected to the first and second liquid inlet connectors can serve as the main circuit, while the second liquid inlet pipe connected to the liquid inlet can serve as a sub-circuit, which is beneficial for the uniform and sufficient flow of coolant to multiple battery packs.

[0022] In some embodiments, the energy storage system includes multiple rows of battery packs. In two adjacent rows of battery packs, the second liquid inlet connector of one battery pack in one row is connected to the second liquid inlet connector of one battery pack in the other row, and the second liquid outlet connector of one battery pack in one row is connected to the second liquid outlet connector of one battery pack in the other row. In this embodiment, by connecting the second liquid inlet connectors of one battery pack in one row to the second liquid inlet connectors of one battery pack in the other row, and the second liquid outlet connectors of one battery pack in one row to the second liquid outlet connectors of one battery pack in the other row, liquid circuit connection between the two rows of battery packs can be achieved, thereby enabling heat dissipation of the multiple rows of battery packs through a single liquid cooling unit.

[0023] In some embodiments, the liquid cooling unit is stacked above multiple battery packs in one row of battery packs. The energy storage system also includes a power converter, which is stacked above multiple battery packs in another row of battery packs. In this embodiment, because the power converter is located at the top of the multiple battery packs, it is physically isolated from the risk of liquid immersion. Therefore, if a battery pack leaks (coolant, fire-fighting water, or electrolyte), it will not cause the power converter to short-circuit, thus effectively preventing secondary accidents caused by power converter short circuits. Since the liquid cooling unit can also be located above a row of battery packs, air can automatically converge to the high-point exhaust valve of the liquid cooling unit for automatic or manual discharge. This also prevents air bubbles from accumulating in the cold plates of the battery packs, ensuring uniform heat dissipation within the battery packs and preventing localized hot spots.

[0024] In some embodiments, the lower surface of the power converter is provided with power terminals. The lower surface of the power converter refers to the surface of the power converter facing the battery pack in the stacking direction. The battery pack includes a first pair of power terminals on its upper surface and a second pair of power terminals on its lower surface. The upper surface of the battery pack refers to the surface of the battery pack facing the power converter in the stacking direction. The power terminals of the power converter are plugged into the first pair of power terminals of the battery pack. In multiple battery packs, in the stacking direction, the second pair of power terminals of one battery pack is plugged into the first pair of power terminals of the adjacent battery pack below it. In this embodiment, by directly stacking the power converter on the battery pack, the electrical connection between the power converter and the battery pack can be achieved, thereby greatly reducing the difficulty of connecting the power converter and the battery pack.

[0025] In some embodiments, the energy storage system further includes a base for supporting multiple battery packs. The base extends from both ends in the parallel direction to the outermost two battery packs. The upper surface of the base has multiple pairs of power adapters corresponding to the number of battery packs. The upper surface of the base refers to the surface of the base facing the battery packs in the stacking direction. Cables connecting the multiple pairs of power adapters are provided inside the base. These power adapters are used to connect to the second pair of power terminals of the bottommost battery pack in the multiple battery pack. In this embodiment, because the base extends from both ends in the parallel direction to the outermost two battery packs, the cables connecting the multiple power adapters can be housed inside the base, avoiding cable exposure and improving safety.

[0026] In some embodiments, an adapter box is integrated within the liquid cooling unit. The adapter box is located on the lower surface of the liquid cooling unit and is used for plugging into the first pair of power terminals at the top of the row of battery packs corresponding to the liquid cooling unit. In this embodiment, because the adapter box is integrated within the liquid cooling unit, the space of the liquid cooling unit can be effectively utilized. Even when the top wall of the top battery pack is occupied by the liquid cooling unit, the adapter box can still be conveniently connected to the power input terminals and the first power terminal of the top battery pack.

[0027] In some embodiments, the base also includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. In two adjacent battery packs, the second inlet connector of one battery pack and the second inlet connector of the other battery pack are connected via the inlet pipe, and the second outlet connector of one battery pack and the second outlet connector of the other battery pack are connected via the outlet pipe. In this embodiment, the inlet and outlet pipes are located inside the base, which avoids exposure of the inlet and outlet pipes, reduces the risk of leakage, and also protects them from wind and sun, thus extending their lifespan.

[0028] In some embodiments, the liquid cooling unit includes two pairs of external connectors, one pair for communicating with the cold plates of the multi-row battery pack, and the other pair for communicating with the cold plates of the power converter. In this embodiment, the liquid cooling unit can not only cool and dissipate heat for the battery pack, but also for the power converter, without requiring additional cooling equipment for the power converter, thus reducing costs.

[0029] In some embodiments, the energy storage system further includes a power converter. A liquid cooler and the power converter are arranged side-by-side on the top wall of the uppermost battery pack in the same row of battery packs. The liquid cooler's inlet and outlet connectors are located on its lower surface and are respectively connected to a second inlet and outlet connector on the uppermost battery pack. The power converter's power terminals are located on its lower surface and are connected to a pair of power terminals on the uppermost battery pack's upper surface. The lower surface of the liquid cooler refers to the surface of the liquid cooler facing the battery pack in the stacking direction; the lower surface of the power converter refers to the surface of the power converter facing the battery pack in the stacking direction; and the upper surface of the battery pack refers to the surface of the battery pack facing the power converter in the stacking direction. In this embodiment, when the energy storage system is a row of battery packs, arranging the liquid cooler and the power converter side-by-side on the top wall of the uppermost battery pack in the same row of battery packs facilitates the liquid circuit connection between the liquid cooler and the battery pack, as well as the power connection between the power converter and the battery pack.

[0030] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack, which includes a cold plate, a first liquid inlet connector and a second liquid inlet connector communicating with the liquid inlet of the cold plate, and a first liquid outlet connector and a second liquid outlet connector communicating with the liquid outlet of the cold plate. The first liquid inlet connector is used to connect with the second liquid inlet connector of another battery pack, the second liquid inlet connector is used to connect with the first liquid inlet connector of another battery pack, the first liquid outlet connector is used to connect with the second liquid outlet connector of another battery pack, and the second liquid outlet connector is used to connect with the first liquid outlet connector of another battery pack.

[0031] In this embodiment, since the liquid inlet of the cold plate of the battery pack is connected to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector respectively, and the liquid outlet of the cold plate is connected to the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector respectively, when assembling and connecting multiple battery packs in the energy storage system, the multiple battery packs can first be stacked, for example, stacked in a row. Then, the first liquid inlet connector of the upper battery pack is connected to the second liquid inlet connector of the lower adjacent battery pack, thereby realizing the liquid path connection of the liquid inlet side between adjacent battery packs. Similarly, the first liquid outlet connector of the upper battery pack is connected to the second liquid outlet connector of the lower adjacent battery pack, thereby realizing the liquid path connection of the liquid outlet side between adjacent battery packs. Thus, the liquid path connection between adjacent battery packs is realized. Since the connection is made by the connectors built into the battery pack, no external pipeline intervention is required. Therefore, the connection is more convenient and there is no need for on-site liquid injection, as on-site liquid injection is prone to improper operation, which can lead to a reduction in heat dissipation effect. Secondly, when the energy storage system needs to flexibly adjust its energy storage capacity by adding new battery packs, the new battery packs can be conveniently stacked between existing battery packs. They can then be quickly connected to adjacent battery packs via the first liquid inlet, second liquid inlet, first liquid outlet, and second liquid outlet connectors of the new battery packs. Since the cold plates inside the new battery packs and the pipes connected to them can be pre-filled with liquid before assembly, the addition of external maniford piping is not required when connecting the new battery packs to existing battery packs. Therefore, on-site liquid filling is not required, thus avoiding the harmful effects of on-site liquid filling.

[0032] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes an inlet pipe connected to the liquid inlet and an outlet pipe connected to the liquid outlet. A first liquid inlet connector and a second liquid inlet connector are respectively connected to the inlet pipe, and a first liquid outlet connector and a second liquid outlet connector are respectively connected to the outlet pipe. In this embodiment, the liquid inlet of the cold plate can be connected to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector via the inlet pipe, reducing the difficulty of connecting the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector to the liquid inlet. Similarly, the liquid outlet of the cold plate can be connected to the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector, reducing the difficulty of connecting the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector to the liquid inlet.

[0033] In some embodiments, a shut-off valve is provided on the liquid inlet line, located between the node where the liquid inlet line connects to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector, and between the liquid inlet and the liquid inlet. In this embodiment, the shut-off valve design further prevents leakage when the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector of the battery pack are connected to other battery packs.

[0034] In some embodiments, the shut-off valve includes a male and a female connector connected to each other. The inlet pipeline includes a first inlet pipeline connected to the female connector and a second inlet pipeline connected to the male connector. The first inlet pipeline is connected to both the first and second inlet connectors, and the second inlet pipeline is connected to the inlet port. In this embodiment, since the shut-off valve includes male and female connectors that can be easily disassembled, the male and female connectors can be disassembled before transportation or handling, and then reconnected before assembly, which can effectively avoid damage caused by bumps or collisions during handling or transportation.

[0035] In some embodiments, the male connector is located on the side wall of the battery pack casing, while the female connector and the second section connected to the female connector are located outside the battery pack casing. In this embodiment, since the shut-off valve includes male and female connectors that can be easily disassembled, the male and female connectors can be disassembled before transportation or handling, and then reconnected before assembly. This effectively avoids damage to the first inlet pipeline during handling or transportation.

[0036] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a first connecting connector and a second connecting connector interconnected by pipes. The first connecting connector is connected to a first liquid inlet connector, and the second connecting connector is connected to a second liquid inlet connector of an adjacent battery pack. In this embodiment, the first connecting connector and the second connecting connector interconnected by pipes can achieve the connection between the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector of an adjacent battery pack without the need for external pipes.

[0037] In some embodiments, the first and second liquid inlet connectors are located on the side wall of the battery pack casing. In this embodiment, since the first and second liquid inlet connectors are located on the side wall of the battery pack casing, they can be fixed in place, thereby improving their stability and reducing the risk of leakage.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are mating male and female plug-in connectors, and the first liquid inlet connector and the first liquid outlet connector are respectively located on the top wall and bottom wall of the battery pack casing. In this embodiment, when multiple batteries are stacked, the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector between adjacent battery packs can be plugged in and connected, greatly improving the convenience of connection, and eliminating the need for on-site liquid injection, thus reducing the risks associated with on-site liquid injection.

[0039] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system, which includes a liquid cooling unit and at least one row of battery packs. Each row of battery packs includes multiple battery packs stacked together. The liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the cold plates of the multiple battery packs. Each battery pack is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe communicating with the cold plate. Along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, the two ends of the inlet pipe are respectively connected to a first inlet connector and a second inlet connector, and the two ends of the outlet pipe are respectively connected to a first outlet connector and a second outlet connector. In the stacking direction, the first inlet connector of one battery pack is inserted into the second inlet connector of an adjacent battery pack, and the first outlet connector of one battery pack is inserted into the second outlet connector of an adjacent battery pack.

[0040] In this embodiment, since each battery pack is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe that are connected to the cold plate, liquid can be pre-filled into the cold plate of the battery pack and into the inlet and outlet pipes within the cold plate before multiple battery packs are assembled. Along the stacking direction of multiple battery packs, the two ends of the liquid inlet pipe are connected to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector, respectively, and the two ends of the liquid outlet pipe are connected to the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector, respectively. When assembling and connecting multiple battery packs in an energy storage system, the multiple battery packs can first be stacked, for example, in a row. Then, the first liquid inlet connector of the upper battery pack is connected to the second liquid inlet connector of the adjacent battery pack below, thereby realizing the liquid path connection between the liquid inlet side of the adjacent battery packs. Similarly, the first liquid outlet connector of the upper battery pack is connected to the second liquid outlet connector of the adjacent battery pack below, thereby realizing the liquid path connection between the liquid outlet side of the adjacent battery packs, which also realizes the liquid path connection between the adjacent battery packs. Since the connection is made by the connectors built into the battery packs, no external pipeline intervention is required. Therefore, the connection is more convenient and there is no need for on-site liquid injection, as on-site liquid injection is prone to improper operation, which can lead to a reduction in heat dissipation. Secondly, when an energy storage system needs to flexibly adjust its storage capacity by adding new battery packs, the new battery packs can be conveniently stacked among existing battery packs. They can then be quickly connected to adjacent battery packs via the new battery pack's first liquid inlet, second liquid inlet, first liquid outlet, and second liquid outlet connectors. Since the cold plates within the new battery pack and the pipes connected to them can be pre-filled with liquid before assembly, direct connection with other battery packs is possible without on-site liquid injection. Therefore, when connecting new battery packs to existing battery packs, no external manifold piping is required, eliminating the need for on-site liquid injection and avoiding the harmful effects associated with it.

[0041] In some embodiments, each battery pack is provided with a power input terminal and a power output terminal. In the stacking direction of multiple battery packs, the power input terminal of one of the battery packs is plugged into the power output terminal of the adjacent battery pack. In this embodiment, the power terminals between adjacent battery packs can also be conveniently connected by plugging, realizing the power connection between two adjacent battery packs, and it is easy to operate when adding battery packs.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are respectively located on two surfaces of the battery pack that are opposite each other along the stacking direction, and the positions of the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector in the stacking direction are directly opposite each other; the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are respectively located on two surfaces of the battery pack that are opposite each other along the stacking direction, and the positions of the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector in the stacking direction are directly opposite each other. In this embodiment, when multiple batteries are stacked, the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector between adjacent battery packs can be plugged together, and the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector between adjacent battery packs can be plugged together, which greatly improves the convenience of connection and eliminates the need for on-site liquid injection, reducing the risks associated with on-site liquid injection.

[0043] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes battery modules, with inlet and outlet liquid lines and power terminals located on the same side of the battery modules. In this embodiment, arranging the inlet and outlet liquid lines and power terminals on the same side of the battery modules, with the power terminals adjacent to the liquid cooling interface, facilitates unified external connection of the modules, simplifies internal wiring and piping routing, and improves space utilization. Furthermore, this centralized arrangement allows for quick module insertion and removal for maintenance; during repairs, there is no need to search for interfaces on different sides, reducing operational complexity.

[0044] In some embodiments, the first inlet connector and the first outlet connector are located on one side of the battery pack along its length, and the power terminals of the battery pack are located on the other side along its length. In this embodiment, arranging the inlet / outlet connectors and the power terminals on opposite sides of the battery pack's length allows for water and electricity separation. The coolant pipelines are furthest from the high-voltage electrical interfaces, so even if leakage occurs at the connectors, the liquid is unlikely to flow into the power terminal area, greatly reducing the risk of short circuits and corrosion, and improving the overall electrical safety of the pack. Secondly, the thermal management and electrical circuits do not interfere with each other in physical space, facilitating the separate optimization of pipeline routing and high-voltage wiring harness layout, reducing assembly interference caused by intersections, and also facilitating modular production.

[0045] In some embodiments, the liquid inlet pipeline includes a first liquid inlet pipeline and a second liquid inlet pipeline. The two ends of the first liquid inlet pipeline are respectively connected to a first liquid inlet connector and a second liquid inlet connector. One end of the first liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the second liquid inlet pipeline, and the other end of the second liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the liquid inlet of the cold plate. The liquid outlet pipeline includes a first liquid outlet pipeline and a second liquid outlet pipeline. The two ends of the first liquid outlet pipeline are respectively connected to a first liquid outlet connector and a second liquid outlet connector. One end of the first liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the second liquid outlet pipeline, and the other end of the second liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet of the cold plate. In this embodiment, the first liquid inlet pipeline and the second liquid inlet pipeline connect the liquid inlet of the cold plate to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector, respectively. Similarly, the first liquid outlet pipeline and the second liquid outlet pipeline connect the liquid outlet of the cold plate to the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector, respectively. This design allows for differentiating the dimensions of the first and second liquid inlet pipes, for example, making the first liquid inlet pipe larger than the second liquid inlet pipe to fully utilize the space within the battery pack. Similarly, the dimensions of the first and second liquid outlet pipes can be differentiated, for example, making the first liquid outlet pipe larger than the second liquid outlet pipe to fully utilize the space within the battery pack. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the battery pack structure in the energy storage system of the embodiment; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection principle of the energy storage system in the embodiment; Figure 5A for Figure 2 Another structural schematic diagram of the battery pack in the energy storage system of the embodiment; Figure 5B for Figure 5A A schematic diagram of the connector of the battery pack in the embodiment from another perspective; Figure 5C For two Figure 5A A schematic diagram of the battery pack stacking structure in the diagram; Figure 6 A simplified schematic diagram illustrating the connection principle of another energy storage system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the battery pack structure of the energy storage system in the embodiment; Figure 8 A simplified schematic diagram illustrating the connection principle of another energy storage system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the battery pack structure of the energy storage system in the embodiment; Figure 10 A simplified schematic diagram illustrating the connection principle of another energy storage system provided in this application embodiment.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1000, Energy storage system; 701, Main liquid inlet pipeline; 702, Main liquid outlet pipeline; 703, Sub-pipelines; 100. Battery pack; 101. First battery pack; 102. Second battery pack; 103. Third battery pack; 10. Outer shell; 11. Bottom wall; 12. Top wall; 13. Side wall; 20. Battery cells; 30. Cold plate; 31. Liquid inlet; 32. Liquid outlet; 411. First liquid outlet connector of the battery pack; 412. Second liquid outlet connector of the battery pack; 421. First liquid inlet connector of the battery pack; 422. Second liquid inlet connector of the battery pack; 43. Liquid inlet pipe; 431. First liquid inlet pipe; 432. Second liquid inlet pipe; 44. Liquid outlet pipe; 441. First liquid outlet pipe; 442. Second liquid outlet pipe; 451. Power input terminal; 452. Power output terminal; 461. First power adapter terminal; 462. Second power adapter terminal; 471. First connecting connector; 472. Second connecting connector; 473. Third connecting connector; 474. Fourth connecting connector; 50. Gate valve; 51. Male connector; 52. Female connector; 60. First box body; 61. Bottom wall; 611. Frame; 62. Top wall; 621. Frame; 70. Second box body; 71. Bottom wall; 711. Frame; 72. Top wall; 721. Frame; 200, Power converter; 201, First power terminal; 202, Second power terminal; 300. Transformer; 400. Liquid-cooled unit; 401. First liquid inlet connector of the liquid chiller; 402. First liquid outlet connector of the liquid chiller; 403. Second liquid inlet connector of the liquid chiller; 404. Second liquid outlet connector of the liquid chiller. 500. Base; 501. First liquid inlet adapter; 502. Second liquid inlet adapter; 503. First liquid outlet adapter; 504. Second liquid outlet adapter; 505. First power adapter; 506. Second power adapter; 507. Third power adapter; 508. Fourth power adapter; 600. Adapter box. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following section will first explain some of the terms used in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0051] In this specification, the terms "vertical" and "parallel" are explained.

[0052] Perpendicularity: The perpendicularity defined in this application is not limited to an absolute perpendicular intersection (with an included angle of 90 degrees). It is permissible for non-absolute perpendicular intersections caused by factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness. It is permissible for errors within a small angular range, such as an assembly error range of 80 to 100 degrees, which can all be understood as a perpendicular relationship.

[0053] Parallelism: The parallelism defined in this application is not limited to absolute parallelism. This definition of parallelism can be understood as basic parallelism, allowing for situations where there is no absolute parallelism due to factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness. These situations where there is no absolute parallelism are also defined as parallelism in this application.

[0054] It should be noted that all the accompanying drawings mentioned below are schematic diagrams, and the specific shapes in the drawings are not the specific shapes that this application seeks to protect.

[0055] Modern society is filled with a vast array of devices that rely on electricity, from small household appliances to large data centers and factory production lines. Electricity supply is a crucial factor in maintaining the normal operation of modern society, leading to the rapid development and widespread application of energy storage systems. Energy storage systems can be commercial energy storage cabinets, residential energy storage cabinets, data center power cabinets, etc. They can be used to store electrical energy and supply power to equipment that requires electricity. Energy storage systems can be applied in areas such as site energy, photovoltaics, residential energy storage, industrial and commercial energy storage, and large-scale ground-mounted power plant energy storage.

[0056] like Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. The energy storage system 1000 includes a battery pack 100, a power converter 200, and a transformer 300. The number of battery packs 100, the number of power converters 200, and the number of transformers 300 can be matched according to requirements.

[0057] When the energy storage system 1000 is connected to the grid, the DC power in the battery pack 100 is usually converted to AC power by the power converter 200, and then connected to the transformer 300. The transformer 300 increases or decreases the voltage of the AC power output from the power converter 200 to match the voltage level of the grid, so as to achieve efficient transmission of electrical energy. Finally, the system is connected to the grid through the transformer 300, for example, through a high-voltage cable, so as to transmit the stepped-up or stepped-down AC power to the grid, thus realizing the grid connection between the energy storage cabinet and the grid.

[0058] In some implementations, the battery pack 100 of the energy storage system 1000 may constitute one or more battery clusters, and the power converter 200 connected to the corresponding battery cluster may be one or more.

[0059] In related technologies, the energy storage system 1000 has a fixed energy storage capacity at the factory. When it is necessary to change to an energy storage system 1000 with a larger energy storage capacity, it is often necessary to purchase a larger energy storage system 1000 with the corresponding energy storage capacity, which is costly and cannot flexibly adjust the energy storage capacity of the energy storage system 1000.

[0060] In order to allow for flexible adjustment of the energy storage capacity of the 1000 energy storage system, such as... Figure 1The energy storage system 1000 flexibly adjusts its power output by stacking new battery packs 100. Understandably, to connect the new battery pack 100 to the existing battery pack 100, it is necessary to establish a liquid circuit connection between the new battery pack 100 and the existing battery pack 100, as well as a power connection between the battery pack 100 and the power converter 200. For the liquid circuit connection, external manifold piping is typically required. Specifically, two main pipes and multiple sub-pipes 703 are needed. The two main pipes are an inlet main pipe 701 and an outlet main pipe 702. Each battery pack 100 requires two sub-pipes: one connecting the battery pack 100's inlet connector to the inlet main pipe 701, and the other connecting the battery pack 100's outlet connector to the outlet main pipe 702. Because the overall height of multiple battery packs 100 increases when they are stacked, it is necessary to replace or extend the two main pipelines. These main pipelines then need to be connected to the multiple battery packs 100 in the field via multiple sub-pipelines 703. This not only complicates the connection process but also requires on-site liquid injection, which is difficult to perform with the rigorous vacuum filling and degassing processes required in a factory. Residual air in the pipelines can create airlocks during system operation, leading to poor coolant circulation, affecting heat dissipation uniformity, and in severe cases, potentially preventing some battery packs 100 from being effectively cooled. This also makes the solution of flexibly adjusting the capacity of the energy storage system 1000 by adding new battery packs 100 impractical and is therefore underestimated by the industry.

[0061] To improve the practicality of the scheme for flexibly adjusting the capacity of the energy storage system 1000 with the addition of a battery pack 100, and to meet the needs of some enterprises or individuals who require flexible adjustment of the capacity of the energy storage system 1000, this application embodiment provides a new energy storage system 1000, such as... Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack 100 in the energy storage system 1000 of the embodiment. To clearly show the liquid inlet pipe 43 and liquid outlet pipe 44 in the battery pack 100, thick lines represent the liquid inlet pipe 43 and thin lines represent the liquid outlet pipe 44.

[0062] Reference Figure 2 The energy system includes a liquid cooling unit 400 and multiple battery packs 100 stacked together. The liquid cooling unit 400 is used to connect the cold plates 30 of the multiple battery packs 100 and to supply coolant to the cold plates 30 of the multiple battery packs 100 to achieve temperature regulation of the multiple battery packs 100.

[0063] It is understandable that multiple battery packs 100 can be stacked in one column or in multiple columns.

[0064] In addition, the energy storage system 1000 also includes a power converter 200, which is connected to the total output of the multiple battery packs 100 and is used to convert the DC power in the multiple battery packs 100 into AC power and deliver it to the transformer 300.

[0065] To reduce the complexity of fluid circuit connections between adjacent battery packs 100 and avoid affecting the uniformity of heat dissipation during fluid injection when adding a new battery pack 100, the battery pack 100 in this embodiment has also undergone structural improvements, referring to... Figure 3 The battery pack 100 includes a housing 10 and a plurality of battery cells 20 arranged within the housing 10. The battery pack 100 also includes a cold plate 30. It is understood that the cold plate 30 of the battery pack 100 can be used as the bottom wall 11 of the housing 10, or the cold plate 30 of the battery pack 100 can be independent of the housing 10 and disposed on the bottom wall 11 of the housing 10. The plurality of battery cells 20 are disposed on the cold plate 30 to facilitate heat exchange between the plurality of battery cells 20 and the cold plate 30, so as to conduct the heat generated by the plurality of battery cells 20 to the coolant in the cold plate 30, and the heat is carried away by the coolant in the cold plate 30, thereby achieving temperature regulation of the battery cells 20.

[0066] The cold plate 30 has an inlet 31 and an outlet 32 ​​communicating with the flow channels within the cold plate 30. The battery pack 100 includes a first inlet connector 421 and a second inlet connector 422 communicating with the inlet 31 of the cold plate 30, and a first outlet connector 411 and a second outlet connector 412 communicating with the outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30. That is, the inlet 31 of the cold plate 30 is simultaneously connected to both the first inlet connector 421 and the second inlet connector 422, and the first inlet connector 421 and the second inlet connector 422 are for external connection, for example, they can be exposed outside the outer casing 10 for external connection. Similarly, the outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30 is simultaneously connected to both the first outlet connector 411 and the second outlet connector 412, and the first outlet connector 411 and the second outlet connector 412 are for external connection, for example, they can be exposed outside the outer casing 10 for external connection.

[0067] In this embodiment, the battery pack 100 has both a first liquid inlet connector 421 and a second liquid inlet connector 422. Therefore, the first liquid inlet connector 421 of the battery pack 100 can be used to connect with the second liquid inlet connector 422 of an adjacent battery pack 100, and the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the battery pack 100 can be used to connect with the first liquid inlet connector 421 of another adjacent battery pack 100. This allows for convenient liquid circuit connection between the battery pack 100 and adjacent battery packs 100 without the need for a main liquid inlet pipeline, a main liquid outlet pipeline, and many sub-pipelines as described above. Since the battery pack 100 has been pre-filled with liquid, and the cold plate 30 inside the battery pack 100 and the pipelines connected to the cold plate 30 have also been pre-filled with liquid, there is no need to connect external pipelines, and therefore no need for on-site liquid filling. This avoids the risk of reduced heat dissipation effect due to improper on-site liquid filling. Moreover, when adding a new battery pack 100, it is easy to connect the new battery pack 100 with the existing battery pack 100 via a liquid circuit. This reduces the complexity of connecting the new battery pack 100 with other battery packs 100 via liquid circuits and avoids affecting the uniformity of heat dissipation during liquid injection, so as to flexibly adjust the energy storage capacity of the energy storage system 1000.

[0068] It is understandable that the two liquid inlet connectors of the battery pack 100 do not necessarily have to be directly connected to the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30, as shown in the reference. Figure 3 In some embodiments, the battery pack 100 further includes an inlet pipe 43 connected to the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30. The inlet pipe 43 is connected to a first liquid inlet connector 421 and a second liquid inlet connector 422, respectively. That is, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 are connected to the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30 through the inlet pipe 43. Similarly, the battery pack 100 also includes an outlet pipe 44 connected to the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30. The outlet pipe 44 is connected to a first liquid outlet connector 411 and a second liquid outlet connector 412, respectively. That is, the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are connected to the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30 through the outlet pipe 44. It can be understood that before the battery pack 100 is assembled, liquid can be pre-filled into the cold plate 30 of the battery pack 100 and into the inlet pipe 43 and the outlet pipe 44 within the cold plate 30. This allows for direct connection with other battery packs 100 without the need for on-site liquid injection.

[0069] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the liquid inlet pipe 43 includes a first liquid inlet pipe 431 and a second liquid inlet pipe 432. The two ends of the first liquid inlet pipe 431 are respectively connected to the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422. The middle position of the first liquid inlet pipe 431 is connected to one end of the second liquid inlet pipe 432, and the other end of the second liquid inlet pipe 432 is connected to the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30.

[0070] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the first liquid inlet pipe 431 is larger than the inner diameter of the second liquid inlet pipe 432, and the opening size of the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 is larger than the size of the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30.

[0071] Similarly, the liquid outlet pipe 44 includes a first liquid outlet pipe 441 and a second liquid outlet pipe 442. The two ends of the first liquid outlet pipe 441 are connected to the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412, respectively. The middle position of the first liquid outlet pipe 441 is connected to one end of the second liquid outlet pipe 442, and the other end of the second liquid outlet pipe 442 is connected to the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30.

[0072] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the first liquid outlet pipe 441 is larger than the inner diameter of the second liquid outlet pipe 442, and the opening size of the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 is larger than the size of the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30.

[0073] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 are mutually matching male and female connectors. For example, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 can be directly plugged into each other. Specifically, the first liquid inlet connector 421 of one battery pack 100 can be directly plugged into the second liquid inlet connector 422 of another battery pack 100 to improve the convenience of connection between the two battery packs 100.

[0074] For aesthetic purposes and ease of connection, in some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 are respectively located on two surfaces of the battery pack 100 along the stacking direction, such as the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 being respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the battery pack 100. For example, in some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 may be disposed on the top wall 12 and the bottom wall 11 of the outer shell 10 of the battery pack 100, respectively. The first liquid inlet connector 421 is a male connector, and the second liquid inlet connector 422 is a female connector. When connecting two adjacent battery packs 100, it is only necessary to stack one battery pack 100 on top of the other battery pack 100 and align the first liquid inlet connector 421 of one battery pack 100 with the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the other battery pack 100 to achieve the connection of the liquid inlet ends of the two adjacent battery packs 100. It should be noted that, in the above and below text, the upper surface of the battery pack 100 refers to the outer surface of the top wall 12, and the lower surface of the battery pack 100 refers to the outer surface of the bottom wall 11.

[0075] To facilitate the connection between the two stacked battery packs 100 and ensure their neatness after stacking, in some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 are aligned in the stacking direction, that is, they are aligned in the height direction of the battery pack 100. Therefore, when the two stacked battery packs 100 are neatly stacked, it can be ensured that the first liquid inlet connector 421 of one battery pack 100 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the other battery pack 100 are aligned in position for easy connection.

[0076] Similarly, refer to Figure 3 The first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are mutually matching male and female connectors. For example, the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 can be directly plugged into each other. Specifically, the first liquid outlet connector 411 of one battery pack 100 can be directly plugged into the second liquid outlet connector 412 of another battery pack 100 to improve the convenience of connection between the two battery packs 100.

[0077] For aesthetic purposes and ease of connection, in some embodiments, the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are respectively located on two surfaces of the battery pack 100 along the stacking direction, such as the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 being respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the battery pack 100. For example, in some embodiments, the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 may be disposed on the top wall 12 and the bottom wall 11 of the outer casing 10 of the battery pack 100, respectively. The first liquid outlet connector 411 is a male connector, and the second liquid outlet connector 412 is a female connector. When connecting two adjacent battery packs 100, it is only necessary to stack one battery pack 100 on top of the other battery pack 100 and align the first liquid outlet connector 411 of one battery pack 100 with the second liquid outlet connector 412 of the other battery pack 100 to achieve the connection of the liquid outlet ends of the two adjacent battery packs 100.

[0078] To facilitate the connection between the two stacked battery packs 100 and ensure their neatness after stacking, in some embodiments, the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are aligned in the stacking direction, that is, they are aligned in the height direction of the battery pack 100. Therefore, when the two stacked battery packs 100 are neatly stacked, it can be ensured that the first liquid outlet connector 411 of one battery pack 100 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 of the other battery pack 100 are aligned in position for easy connection.

[0079] For ease of description, the length direction of the battery pack 100 is defined as the X direction, the width direction as the Y direction, and the height direction as the Z direction.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 are arranged adjacent to each other on the same side of the outer casing 10 of the battery pack 100, and the second liquid inlet connector 422 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are arranged adjacent to each other on the same side of the outer casing 10 of the battery pack 100. For example, the first liquid inlet connector and the first liquid outlet connector 411 are both located on the bottom wall 11 of the outer casing 10, and the second liquid inlet connector 422 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are both located on the top wall 12 of the outer casing 10. It is understood that in some other embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 may also be located on the top wall 12 of the outer casing 10, and the second liquid inlet connector 422 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 may also be located on the bottom wall 11 of the outer casing 10.

[0081] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 are arranged adjacently in the same plug, and the second liquid inlet connector 422 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are arranged adjacently in the same socket. This makes it easier to connect two adjacent battery packs 100 when they are stacked, reducing the risk of connection difficulties due to tolerances. In this embodiment, the first liquid inlet connector 421, the first liquid outlet connector 411, the second liquid inlet connector 422, and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are located on the same side of the cell 20 in the X direction.

[0082] To achieve power connection between two adjacent battery packs 100, refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments, the upper surfaces of multiple battery packs 100 are provided with a first pair of power terminals, which include a power input terminal 451 and a first power conversion terminal 461. The lower surfaces of the multiple battery packs are provided with a second pair of power terminals, which include a power output terminal 452 and a second power conversion terminal 462. For example, the power input terminal 451 and the first power conversion terminal 461 can be located on the top wall 12 of the housing 10, and the power output terminal 452 and the second power conversion terminal 462 can be located on the bottom wall 11 of the housing 10. The power input terminal 451 and the power output terminal 452 are connected to the total output terminal of the battery cells inside the battery pack 100, and the first power conversion terminal 461 and the second power conversion terminal 462 are connected by wires.

[0083] The power input terminal 451 and power output terminal 452 are mating male and female connectors, and the first adapter power terminal 461 and the second adapter power terminal 462 are mating male and female connectors. Therefore, when two battery packs 100 are stacked, the power input terminal 451 of one battery pack 100 is plugged into the power output terminal 452 of the other battery pack 100, and the first adapter power terminal 461 of one battery pack 100 is plugged into the second adapter power terminal 462 of the other battery pack 100, to achieve power connection between adjacent battery packs 100. Furthermore, the power input terminal 451 or power output terminal 452 of the battery pack 100 can also be used to connect to the power converter 200.

[0084] It is understood that in some other embodiments, the power input terminal 451 and the first power transfer terminal 461 may be located on the lower surface of the battery pack 100, and the power output terminal 452 and the second power transfer terminal 462 may be located on the upper surface of the battery pack 100.

[0085] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the liquid cooling connectors, such as the first liquid inlet connector 421, the first liquid outlet connector 411, the second liquid inlet connector 422, and the second liquid outlet connector 412, are located on one side of the cell 20 in the X direction, while the power connectors, such as the power input terminal 451 or the power output terminal 452, are located on the other side of the cell 20 in the X direction. By placing the liquid cooling connectors and the power connectors on opposite sides of the cell 20 in the X direction, electrical and liquid isolation can be achieved through the cell 20 itself, which can effectively improve the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0086] It is understood that the first liquid inlet connector 421, the first liquid outlet connector 411, the second liquid inlet connector 422, or the second liquid outlet connector 412 of the battery pack 100 in this embodiment can also be used to connect to the liquid cooling unit 400.

[0087] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the connection principle of the energy storage system 1000 in the embodiment clearly shows how the liquid circuit connection is achieved between adjacent battery packs 100. To clearly show the liquid inlet pipe 43 and liquid outlet pipe 44 in the battery pack 100, thick lines represent liquid inlet pipe 43 and thin lines represent liquid outlet pipe 44.

[0088] based on Figure 3 The battery pack 100 in the embodiment refers to... Figure 4In some embodiments, multiple battery packs 100 are stacked in a column in the Z direction. Taking three adjacent battery packs 100 in a column as an example, the connection relationship of the battery packs 100 is described. For ease of description, in the stacking direction, the three adjacent battery packs 100 are defined as a first battery pack 101, a second battery pack 102, and a third battery pack 103. The second battery pack 102 is located between the first battery pack 101 and the third battery pack 103. The first battery pack 101 is located above the second battery pack 102, and the third battery pack 103 is located below the second battery pack 102. The second liquid inlet connector 422 on the top wall 12 of the second battery pack 102 is connected to the first battery pack 103. The first liquid inlet connector 421 on the bottom wall 11 of the first battery pack 101 is connected to the second liquid inlet connector 421 on the bottom wall 11 of the second battery pack 102 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 on the top wall 12 of the third battery pack 103. At the same time, the second liquid outlet connector 412 on the top wall 12 of the second battery pack 102 is connected to the first liquid outlet connector 411 on the bottom wall 11 of the first battery pack 101 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 on the bottom wall 11 of the second battery pack 102 is connected to the second liquid outlet connector 412 on the top wall 12 of the third battery pack 103, thereby completing the liquid circuit connection between the second battery pack 102 and the adjacent first battery pack 101 and third battery pack 103.

[0089] To achieve power connection between the second battery pack 102 and the adjacent first battery pack 101 and third battery pack 103, the power input terminal 451 on the top wall 12 of the second battery pack 102 is connected to the power output terminal 452 on the bottom wall 11 of the second battery pack 102, and the power output terminal 452 on the bottom wall 11 of the second battery pack 102 is connected to the power input terminal 451 on the top wall 12 of the third battery pack 103. This completes the power connection between the second battery pack 102 and the adjacent first battery pack 101 and third battery pack 103.

[0090] In this embodiment, when the energy storage capacity of the energy storage system 1000 needs to be increased, it is not necessary to replace the energy storage system 1000. Only the addition of a battery pack 100 is required to increase the energy storage capacity of the energy storage system 1000. This allows for flexible adjustment of the energy storage capacity of the energy storage system 1000 and significantly reduces user operating costs. Specifically, the new battery pack 100 can be conveniently connected to the two adjacent battery packs 100 by placing the new battery pack 100 between them, similar to how the second battery pack 102 is connected to the adjacent first battery pack 101 and third battery pack 103. Since the cold plate 30 of the battery pack 100 contains coolant at the factory, and there is no need for inlet and outlet main lines as described in the previous embodiment, the liquid connection between the new battery pack 100 and the adjacent battery packs 100 can be achieved. Therefore, it can be used directly without on-site liquid injection, greatly reducing the assembly difficulty when adding a new battery pack 100 and effectively avoiding the risk of reduced heat dissipation due to improper on-site liquid injection.

[0091] It is understandable that when battery packs 100 are provided on both adjacent sides in the stacking direction, their liquid connection method and power connection method are the same as those of the second battery pack 102 mentioned above. It is also understandable that some battery packs 100 are not located between two battery packs 100 in the stacking direction, so these battery packs 100 also need to be connected to the liquid cooling unit 400 via liquid circuits.

[0092] For example, in some embodiments, the liquid cooling unit 400 includes a pair of first external connectors connected to the battery pack 100. The pair of first external connectors includes a first liquid inlet connector 401 and a first liquid outlet connector 402. The first liquid inlet connector 401 of the liquid cooling unit 400 is used to connect to the first liquid outlet connector 411 or the second liquid outlet connector 412 of one of the battery packs 100, and the first liquid outlet connector 402 of the liquid cooling unit 400 is used to connect to the first liquid inlet connector 421 or the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the other battery pack 100.

[0093] In some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 401 and the first liquid outlet connector 402 of the liquid cooling unit 400 are both located on the bottom wall of the liquid cooling unit 400, and can be directly plugged into the liquid cooling connector on the battery pack 100. For example, the liquid cooling unit 400 can be located at the top of multiple battery packs 100, so that the first liquid outlet connector 402 of the liquid cooling unit 400 can be plugged into the first liquid inlet connector 421 or the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the battery pack 100, and the first liquid inlet connector 401 of the liquid cooling unit 400 can be plugged into the first liquid outlet connector 411 or the second liquid outlet connector 412 of another battery pack 100. Since the connection between the liquid cooling unit 400 and the battery pack 100 can be achieved directly by plugging, the convenience of connecting the liquid cooling unit 400 and the battery pack 100 can be greatly improved. In other words, in this embodiment, when the energy storage capacity of the energy storage system 1000 needs to be increased, the newly added battery pack 100 can also be located at the top of multiple battery packs 100. The second liquid inlet connector 422 or the second liquid outlet connector 412 on the top wall 12 of the newly added battery pack 100 is plugged into the first liquid inlet connector 401 or the first liquid outlet connector 402 on the bottom wall of the liquid cooling unit 400. The first liquid inlet connector 421 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 on the bottom wall 11 of the newly added battery pack 100 are plugged into the second liquid inlet connector 422 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 of the adjacent battery pack 100 below. Similar to the case where the newly added battery pack 100 is located between two adjacent battery packs 100, even for assembly and connection, liquid injection is not required.

[0094] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the bottom wall of the power converter 200 is provided with a first power terminal 201 and a second power terminal 202. The power converter 200 may be stacked on top of multiple battery packs 100 and connected to the power input terminal 451 of the topmost battery pack 100 via the first power terminal 201, for example, by direct plug-in connection, to simplify the connection between the power converter 200 and the battery pack 100. The second power terminal 202 may be plugged into the first transition power terminal 461 on the top wall 12 of the topmost battery pack 100. Between adjacent battery packs 100 in the Z direction, the second transition power terminal 462 on the bottom wall 11 of the upper battery pack 100 is plugged into the first transition power terminal 461 on the top wall 12 of the lower battery pack 100. In this embodiment, since the power converter 200 is located at the top of the multiple battery packs 100, it is physically isolated from the risk of liquid immersion. Therefore, if the battery pack 100 leaks liquid (coolant, fire extinguishing water, or electrolyte), it will not cause the power converter 200 to short-circuit, thus effectively preventing secondary accidents caused by a short circuit in the power converter 200. It is understood that in other embodiments, the power converter 200 may be located in other positions, such as below the multiple battery packs 100.

[0095] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some specific embodiments, the energy storage system 1000 includes multiple rows of battery packs 100. Taking two rows of battery packs 100 as an example, the two rows of battery packs 100 are arranged adjacent to each other along the X direction, and each row of battery packs 100 includes multiple stacked battery packs 100. A liquid cooling unit 400 is located above one row of battery packs 100, with a portion of the liquid cooling unit 400 extending into the other row of battery packs 100. A power converter 200 is located above the other row of battery packs 100. That is, the liquid cooling unit 400 only occupies a small portion of the top wall 12 of the topmost battery pack 100 of the other row of battery packs 100, with the majority of the top wall 12 of the topmost battery pack 100 of the other row of battery packs 100 used to house the power converter 200. The first liquid inlet connector 401 and the first liquid outlet connector 402 on the bottom wall of the liquid cooling unit 400 correspond to the positions of the two rows of battery packs 100 in the Z direction, respectively. The first liquid outlet connector 402 on the bottom wall of the liquid cooling unit 400 is plugged into the second liquid inlet connector 422 on the top wall 12 of the uppermost battery pack 100 in one row, and the first liquid inlet connector 401 on the bottom wall of the liquid cooling unit 400 is plugged into the second liquid outlet connector 412 on the top wall 12 of the uppermost battery pack 100 in the other row. This achieves a liquid connection between the battery packs 100 and the liquid cooling unit 400 without the need for external piping.

[0096] Understandably, a fluid circuit connection is also required between the two battery packs 100 in order to enable the coolant output by the liquid cooling unit 400 to circulate between the two battery packs 100 and the liquid cooling unit 400.

[0097] To achieve the fluid connection between the two rows of battery packs 100, specifically, the first fluid inlet connector 421 on the bottom wall 11 of the lowest battery pack 100 in one row is connected to the first fluid inlet connector 421 on the bottom wall 11 of the lowest battery pack 100 in the other row, and the first fluid outlet connector 411 on the bottom wall 11 of the lowest battery pack 100 in one row is connected to the first fluid outlet connector 411 on the bottom wall 11 of the lowest battery pack 100 in the other row. This achieves the fluid connection between the two adjacent rows of battery packs 100.

[0098] To further improve the ease of assembly of the energy storage system 1000, in some embodiments, the energy storage system 1000 also includes a base 500, which extends at both ends in the parallel direction (X direction) to the two outermost rows of battery packs 100, that is, the multiple battery packs 100 are all mounted on the base 500.

[0099] In addition, the upper surface of the base 500 is provided with a first liquid inlet adapter 501, a second liquid inlet adapter 502, a first liquid outlet adapter 503, and a second liquid outlet adapter 504. The base 500 also has internal conduits connecting the first liquid inlet adapter 501 and the second liquid inlet adapter 502, as well as conduits connecting the first liquid outlet adapter 503 and the second liquid outlet adapter 504. It can be understood that the upper surface of the base 500 refers to the surface of the base 500 facing the battery pack 100 in the Z direction. Specifically, the first liquid inlet adapter 501 and the first liquid outlet adapter 503 correspond to the positions of one row of battery packs 100, and the second liquid inlet adapter 502 and the second liquid outlet adapter 504 correspond to the positions of another row of battery packs 100. During assembly, the first liquid inlet connector 421 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in one row is connected to the first liquid inlet adapter 501, and the first liquid outlet connector 411 is connected to the first liquid outlet adapter 503. Similarly, the first liquid inlet connector 421 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in another row is connected to the second liquid inlet adapter 502, and the first liquid outlet connector 411 is connected to the second liquid outlet adapter 504. This facilitates the liquid circuit connection between adjacent battery packs 100.

[0100] To achieve power connection between the two battery packs 100, and power connection between the two battery packs 100 and the power converter 200. (Refer to...) Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the first power terminal 201 of the power converter 200 is connected to the power input terminal 451 of the uppermost battery pack 100 in a corresponding column, and the second power terminal 202 is plugged into the first transfer power terminal 461 on the top wall 12 of the uppermost battery pack 100 in a corresponding column. Furthermore, in the same column of battery packs 100, in the Z direction, the second transfer power terminal 462 on the bottom wall 11 of the upper battery pack 100 is plugged into the first transfer power terminal 461 on the top wall 12 of the lower battery pack 100, and the power output terminal 452 on the bottom wall 11 of the upper battery pack 100 is plugged into the power input terminal 451 on the top wall 12 of the lower battery pack 100. Similarly, in another battery pack 100, in the Z direction, the second power transfer terminal 462 on the bottom wall 11 of the upper battery pack 100 is plugged into the first power transfer terminal 461 on the top wall 12 of the lower battery pack 100, and the power output terminal 452 on the bottom wall 11 of the upper battery pack 100 is plugged into the power input terminal 451 on the top wall 12 of the lower battery pack 100.

[0101] To achieve power connection between the two battery packs 100, the power output terminal 452 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in one row is connected to the second power transfer terminal 462 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in the other row, and the second power transfer terminal 462 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in one row is connected to the power output terminal 452 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in the other row. This achieves power connection between the two battery packs 100.

[0102] To further improve the ease of assembly of the energy storage system 1000, in some embodiments, the upper surface of the base 500 is provided with multiple power adapters corresponding to the number of multiple battery packs 100. These power adapters include a first power adapter 505, a second power adapter 506, a third power adapter 507, and a fourth power adapter 508. Cables are provided inside the base 500. The first power adapter 505 and the fourth power adapter 508 are connected by cables, and the second power adapter 506 and the third power adapter 507 are also connected by cables. The first power adapter 505 corresponds to one battery pack 100. The second power adapter 462 of the bottommost battery pack 100 is plugged in, the second power adapter 506 is plugged in to the power output terminal 452 of the bottommost battery pack 100 of the corresponding row of battery packs 100, the third power adapter 507 is plugged in to the second power adapter 462 of the bottommost battery pack 100 of another row of battery packs 100, and the fourth power adapter 508 is plugged in to the power output terminal 452 of the bottommost battery pack 100 of another row of battery packs 100, thereby realizing the power connection between the two rows of battery packs 100. Moreover, during assembly, the power connection between multiple rows of battery packs 100 can be achieved simply by stacking the battery packs 100 on the base 500, greatly improving the ease of assembly.

[0103] In some embodiments, the power input terminal 451 and the first power transfer terminal 461 on the top wall 12 of the uppermost battery pack 100 of the other battery pack 100 also need to be electrically connected. For example, the electrical connection can be achieved through an external cable or an external adapter box, so that all battery packs 100 in the two battery packs 100 can be electrically connected to the power converter 200, that is, the total positive and total negative terminals of all battery packs 100 in the two battery packs 100 are electrically connected to the first power terminal 201 and the second power terminal 202 of the power converter 200, respectively.

[0104] In some embodiments, the liquid cooling unit 400 integrates an adapter box located on its lower surface. This adapter box is used to connect to the power input terminal 451 and the first power transfer terminal 461 of the topmost battery pack 100 in a row of battery packs corresponding to the liquid cooling unit 400, thereby establishing communication between the power input terminal 451 and the first power transfer terminal 461. It is understood that the lower surface of the liquid cooling unit 400 refers to the surface of the liquid cooling unit 400 facing the battery pack 100 in the Z direction.

[0105] Figure 4 In this embodiment, since both the liquid cooling unit 400 and the power converter 200 can be located at the top of a corresponding row of battery packs 100, the advantages of placing the power converter 200 at the top of a corresponding row of battery packs 100 have been described above and will not be repeated here. It is understood that in related technologies, the liquid cooling unit 400 is usually placed at the bottom or side, requiring numerous pipes to connect to each layer of battery packs 100. The large number of joints, which are prone to loosening during transportation vibrations, is the highest point of failure for the energy storage system 1000 due to its high leakage rate. In this embodiment, the energy storage system 1000 can eliminate many external pipes, even eliminating exposed pipes, to achieve the connection between the liquid cooling unit 400 and multiple battery packs 100, greatly reducing the risk of leakage. Furthermore, by eliminating the processes of on-site tightening of joints, application of adhesive, and binding of pipes, assembly efficiency is greatly improved, and the quality consistency is extremely high. Moreover, if the power converter 200 or the liquid cooling unit 400 malfunctions, it is not necessary to disassemble the internal pipes and wiring harnesses of the entire cabinet. Simply disconnect the top connection, lift the faulty module as a whole, and replace it with a new one. Repair time is significantly reduced.

[0106] More importantly, when the energy storage capacity of the energy storage system 1000 needs to be flexibly adjusted, the energy storage capacity of the energy storage system 1000 can be increased by adding a battery pack 100, without having to directly replace the energy storage system 1000, which greatly saves operating costs. Moreover, when the new battery pack 100 is installed into the existing energy storage system 1000, the new battery pack 100 can be installed between two adjacent battery packs 100 in the Z direction, or between the liquid cooling unit 400 and the battery pack 100 in the Z direction, or between the power converter 200 and the battery pack 100 in the Z direction. The connection is also very convenient. After stacking, the connection between the battery pack 100 and the liquid cooling unit 400 or the power converter 200 or adjacent battery packs 100 can be realized. There is no need for on-site liquid injection, avoiding the heat dissipation impact caused by improper liquid injection operations.

[0107] To dissipate heat from the power converter 200, refer to... Figure 3 and Figure 4In some embodiments, the liquid cooling unit 400 further includes a pair of second external connectors, namely a second liquid inlet connector 403 and a second liquid outlet connector 404. The second liquid inlet connector 403 is connected to the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30 of the power converter 200, and the second liquid outlet connector 404 is connected to the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30 of the power converter 200. This enables the connection between the cold plate 30 of the power converter 200 and the liquid cooling unit 400, allowing the liquid cooling unit 400 to also supply coolant to the power converter 200 for cooling and heat dissipation. In this embodiment, the liquid cooling unit 400 serves a dual purpose, providing cooling for both the battery pack 100 and the power converter 200, saving both space and cost.

[0108] Figure 5A for Figure 2 Another structural schematic diagram of the battery pack 100 in the energy storage system 1000 of the embodiment. Figure 5B for Figure 5A A schematic diagram of the connector of the battery pack in the embodiment from another perspective; Figure 5C For two Figure 5A A schematic diagram of the battery pack stacking structure. Figure 5A The battery pack of the embodiment is compared to Figure 3 The main difference in the battery pack in the embodiments lies in the different positions of the liquid cooling connectors, such as the first liquid inlet connector 421, the first liquid outlet connector 411, the second liquid inlet connector 422, and the second liquid outlet connector 412. The differences between the two are described in detail below.

[0109] Reference Figures 5A-5C In some embodiments, the battery pack 100 includes a housing 10 for housing the battery cells 20 and a first housing 60 disposed on a side wall 13 of the housing 10. For example, the first housing 60 may be disposed on the front panel of the housing 10 of the battery pack 100, or it may be disposed on the back panel or other side wall 13 of the housing 10 of the battery pack 100.

[0110] The two sides of the first housing 60 in the Z direction are at the same height as the two sides of the outer casing 10 in the Z direction. That is, the top wall 62 of the first housing 60 is basically flush with the top wall 12 of the outer casing 10, and the bottom wall 61 of the first housing 60 is basically flush with the bottom wall 11 of the outer casing 10. In other words, the upper surface of the battery pack 100 includes both the upper surface of the outer casing 10 and the upper surface of the first housing 60, and the lower surface of the battery pack 100 includes both the lower surface of the outer casing 10 and the lower surface of the first housing 60. It can be understood that the upper surface of the first housing 60 refers to the surface facing the top wall 12 in the Z direction, and the lower surface of the first housing 60 refers to the surface facing the bottom wall 11 in the Z direction.

[0111] The inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30 are located inside the first housing 60. Therefore, if the inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30 leak, the coolant can enter the housing 10 and cause short circuits in the battery cells 20 or other electronic components inside the battery pack 100.

[0112] The first liquid inlet connector 421 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 are located on the lower surface of the first housing 60, and the second liquid inlet connector 422 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are located on the upper surface of the first housing 60. The first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 are arranged opposite to each other in the Z direction, and the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are also arranged opposite to each other in the Z direction. The two ends of the first liquid inlet pipe 431 are respectively connected to the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422, and one end of the second liquid inlet pipe 432 is connected to the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30, and the other end of the second liquid inlet pipe 432 is connected to the middle part of the first liquid inlet pipe 431. Similarly, the two ends of the first liquid outlet pipe 441 are respectively connected to the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412, and one end of the second liquid outlet pipe 442 is connected to the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30, and the other end of the second liquid outlet pipe 442 is connected to the middle part of the first liquid outlet pipe 441. It is understood that in some other embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 may be located on the upper surface of the first housing 60, and the second liquid inlet connector 422 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 may be located on the lower surface of the first housing 60.

[0113] In this embodiment, any leakage at any liquid connection point between the first liquid inlet pipe 431, the second liquid inlet pipe 432, the first liquid outlet pipe 441, the second liquid outlet pipe 442, the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30, the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30, the first liquid inlet connector 421, the first liquid outlet connector 411, the second liquid inlet connector 422, and the second liquid outlet connector 412 can prevent coolant from entering the outer casing 10 and causing short circuits in the battery cells 20 or other electronic components inside the battery pack 100, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0114] Reference Figures 5A-5C The top wall 62 of the first box 60 is provided with a protruding frame 621. The second liquid inlet connector 422 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are located inside the frame 621 of the top wall 62 of the first box 60. The bottom wall 61 of the first box 60 is provided with an inwardly recessed frame 611. The first liquid inlet connector 421 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 are located inside the frame 611 of the bottom wall 61 of the first box 60. The frame 611 of the bottom wall 61 and the frame 621 of the top wall 62 of the first box 60 constitute a male and female plug that cooperate with each other to facilitate insertion.

[0115] In addition, refer to Figures 5A-5CIn some embodiments, a second housing 70 may be provided on the side wall 13 of the outer casing 10. The second housing 70 is used to house some of the power devices of the battery pack 100, such as the power module of the battery pack 100. The power module of the battery pack 100 is a key energy conversion and control unit between the battery pack 100 and the external load, and can be used for power conversion, power regulation and control, cell protection and fault handling, etc.

[0116] The power input terminal 451 and the first power transfer terminal 461 of the battery pack 100 are both located on the upper surface of the second housing 70, that is, on the top wall 72 of the second housing 70. A protruding frame 721 is also provided on the top wall 72 of the second housing 70, and the power input terminal 451 and the first power transfer terminal 461 are located adjacent to each other in the frame 721.

[0117] The power output terminal 452 and the second power transfer terminal 462 of the battery pack 100 are both located on the lower surface of the second housing 70, that is, on the bottom wall 71 of the second housing 70. A protruding frame 711 is also provided on the bottom wall 71 of the second housing 70, and the power output terminal 452 and the second power transfer terminal 462 are arranged adjacent to each other within this frame 711. It can be understood that the upper surface of the second housing 70 refers to the surface facing the top wall 12 in the Z direction, and the lower surface of the second housing 70 refers to the surface facing the bottom wall 11 in the Z direction.

[0118] It is understood that in some other embodiments, the power input terminal 451 and the first power transfer terminal 461 of the battery pack 100 may both be located on the lower surface of the second housing 70, and the power output terminal 452 and the second power transfer terminal 462 of the battery pack 100 may both be located on the upper surface of the second housing 70.

[0119] In some embodiments, the first housing 60 and the second housing 70 are both located on the same side wall 13. For example, they can both be located on the front panel of the outer casing 10 of the battery pack 100, or they can both be located on the back panel or other side wall 13 of the outer casing 10 of the battery pack 100. By placing the first housing 60 and the second housing 70 on the same side wall 13, not only can the area utilization rate of the side wall 13 be improved, but also, since the first liquid inlet pipe 431, the second liquid inlet pipe 432, the first liquid outlet pipe 441, and the second liquid outlet pipe 442 are located in the first housing 60, and the power input terminal 451, the first power transfer terminal 461, the power output terminal 452, and the second power transfer terminal 462 of the battery pack 100 are located in the second housing 70, all on the same side wall 13, it is beneficial for simultaneous maintenance.

[0120] It is understood that in some other embodiments, the first box 60 and the second box 70 may also be located on different side walls 13.

[0121] Figure 6 A simplified schematic diagram illustrating the connection principle of another energy storage system 1000 provided in this application embodiment. Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack 100 of the energy storage system 1000 in the embodiment. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The example is in Figure 3 and Figure 4 The extended scheme based on the embodiment shares many similarities with it, such as the power connection between battery packs 100, etc. Figure 3 The implementation methods are the same, and the similarities can be found in the preceding text. Figure 3 and Figure 4 Examples will not be repeated here. The following text will focus on the differences between the two. It should be understood that any part not mentioned below is considered to be consistent with the preceding text. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The implementation methods are the same.

[0122] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 are provided on the side wall 13 of the outer casing 10 of the battery pack 100. It is understood that the side wall 13 of the outer casing 10 refers to the side wall 13 connecting the bottom wall 11 and the top wall 12 of the outer casing 10, such as two side walls 13 opposite each other in the X direction and two side walls 13 opposite each other in the Y direction.

[0123] Similarly, the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are provided on the side wall 13 of the outer casing 10 of the battery pack 100.

[0124] In this embodiment, since the first liquid inlet connector 421, the second liquid inlet connector 422, the first liquid outlet connector 411, and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are all located on the side wall 13 of the outer casing 10, they cannot be stacked directly like... Figure 3 Similar to the previous embodiment, direct insertion is achieved. However, in this embodiment, it is also necessary to connect with other battery packs 100 or liquid cooling units 400 through other pipelines.

[0125] For example, in some embodiments, each battery pack 100 further includes a first connecting connector 471 and a second connecting connector 472 interconnected by a pipeline. The first connecting connector 471 is connected to a first liquid inlet connector 421, and the second connecting connector 472 is used to connect to the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the adjacent battery pack 100. Specifically, taking a row of battery packs 100 stacked in the Z direction as an example, the second connecting connector 472 of the upper battery pack 100 is used to connect to the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the adjacent lower battery pack 100, thereby realizing the connection of the liquid inlet side between multiple battery packs 100 in a row of battery packs 100.

[0126] Similarly, each battery pack 100 also includes a third connecting connector 473 and a fourth connecting connector 474 that are interconnected by pipes. The third connecting connector 473 is connected to the first liquid outlet connector 411, and the fourth connecting connector 474 is used to connect to the second liquid outlet connector 412 of the adjacent battery pack 100. Specifically, taking a row of battery packs 100 stacked in the Z direction as an example, the fourth connecting connector 474 of the upper battery pack 100 is used to connect to the second liquid outlet connector 412 of the adjacent lower battery pack 100, thereby realizing the connection of the liquid outlet side between multiple battery packs 100 in a row of battery packs 100.

[0127] To connect the topmost battery pack 100 in a row of battery packs 100 with the liquid cooling unit 400, taking an energy storage system 1000 comprising multiple rows of battery packs 100 as an example, the liquid cooling unit 400 is located at the top of one row of battery packs 100, and the power converter 200 is located at the top of another row of battery packs 100. The first liquid outlet connector 402 of the liquid cooling unit 400 is connected to the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the corresponding topmost battery pack 100 in the row through an external pipeline, and the first liquid inlet connector 401 of the liquid cooling unit 400 is connected to the second liquid outlet connector 412 of the topmost battery pack 100 in the other row through an external pipeline, thereby realizing the liquid connection between the battery pack 100 and the liquid cooling unit 400.

[0128] Understandably, adjacent battery packs 100 also need to be connected by a liquid circuit. The first liquid inlet connector 421 of the bottom battery pack 100 in one row and the first liquid inlet connector 421 of the bottom battery pack 100 in the other row are connected by a pipeline. For example, the second connecting connector 472 of the bottom battery pack 100 in one row and the second connecting connector 472 of the bottom battery pack 100 in the other row can be directly or indirectly connected to achieve the connection of the liquid inlet sides of the two battery packs 100. Similarly, the first liquid outlet connector 411 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in one row of battery packs 100 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in another row of battery packs 100 are connected by a pipeline. For example, the fourth connecting connector 474 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in one row of battery packs 100 and the fourth connecting connector 474 of the bottommost battery pack 100 in another row of battery packs 100 can be directly or indirectly connected to achieve the connection of the liquid outlet sides of the two rows of battery packs 100.

[0129] In some embodiments, the second connector 472 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 are mating male and female plugs to improve the connection efficiency between them. Similarly, the fourth connector 474 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are mating male and female plugs to improve the connection efficiency between them. For example, during the assembly of the energy storage system 1000, or when a new battery pack 100 needs to be added, quick assembly and disassembly can be achieved, reducing assembly costs. It is understood that this embodiment is the same as described above. Figure 3 Similar to the previous embodiment, when assembling or adding a battery pack 100, it is not necessary to set up liquid inlet and liquid outlet main pipelines as described above. Since the liquid inlet pipeline 43 and liquid outlet pipeline 44 connected to the cold plate 30 of the new battery pack 100, as well as the pipelines connected to the first connecting joint 471 and the second connecting joint 472, and the pipelines connected to the third connecting joint 473 and the fourth connecting joint 474, can all be pre-filled with liquid, and then directly plugged into the existing battery pack 100 to achieve liquid circuit connection, without the intervention of external pipelines, there is no need for on-site liquid filling, which can avoid the impact caused by non-standard on-site liquid filling operation. It will not be described in detail here.

[0130] In some embodiments, the first connecting connector 471 and the first liquid inlet connector 421 are detachably connected, for example, they can be mating male and female plugs. Similarly, the third connecting connector 473 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 are detachably connected, for example, they can be mating male and female plugs. This allows for easy separation during transport; the first connecting connector 471 and the first liquid inlet connector 421 can be disassembled, and the third connecting connector 473 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 can be disassembled. When reassembly is required, the first connecting connector 471 and the first liquid inlet connector 421 can be reconnected, and the third connecting connector 473 and the first liquid outlet connector 411 can be reconnected. This prevents damage during handling.

[0131] In some embodiments, the liquid inlet 31 and liquid outlet 32 ​​of the liquid cooling plate 30 are located on opposite sides of the liquid cooling plate 30 in the first direction, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 are located on one side of the housing 10 in the first direction, and the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are located on the other side of the housing 10 in the first direction. Since the liquid inlet 31 and liquid outlet 32 ​​of the liquid cooling plate 30 are located on opposite sides of the liquid cooling plate 30 in the X direction, the flow channel design within the cooling plate 30 can be simplified, reducing the difficulty of flow channel design. Moreover, the liquid inlet and liquid outlet sides of the battery pack 100 can be distributed on both sides of the battery pack 100 in the first direction, avoiding interface congestion and facilitating the interconnection between battery packs 100. The first direction is either the length direction or the width direction of the battery pack 100. That is, the liquid inlet 31 and the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the liquid cooling plate 30 are located on opposite sides of the liquid cooling plate 30 in the X direction, or the liquid inlet 31 and the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the liquid cooling plate 30 are located on opposite sides of the liquid cooling plate 30 in the Y direction.

[0132] Figure 8 A simplified schematic diagram illustrating the connection principle of another energy storage system 1000 provided in this application embodiment. Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack 100 of the energy storage system 1000 in the embodiment. Figure 8 and Figure 9 The example is in Figure 3 and Figure 4 The extended scheme based on the embodiment shares many similarities with it, such as the power connection between battery packs 100, etc. Figure 3 The implementation methods are the same, and the similarities can be found in the preceding text. Figure 3 and Figure 4 Examples will not be repeated here. The following text will focus on the differences between the two. It should be understood that any part not mentioned below is considered to be consistent with the preceding text. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The implementation methods are the same.

[0133] and Figure 4 and Figure 6 The difference in the embodiments is that, Figure 8 and Figure 9 In this embodiment, a portion of the liquid inlet pipe 43 extends out of the housing 10, and the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 connected to the liquid inlet pipe 43 are located outside the housing 10 to facilitate connection with other battery packs 100 without the aid of external piping. Similarly, a portion of the liquid outlet pipe 44 extends out of the housing 10, and the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 connected to the liquid outlet pipe 44 are located outside the housing 10 to facilitate connection with other battery packs 100 without the aid of external piping.

[0134] specific, same as Figure 3 Similar to the embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 43 includes a first liquid inlet pipe 431 and a second liquid inlet pipe 432. The two ends of the first liquid inlet pipe 431 are connected to a first liquid inlet connector 421 and a second liquid inlet connector 422, respectively. The middle position of the first liquid inlet pipe 431 is connected to one end of the second liquid inlet pipe 432, and the other end of the second liquid inlet pipe 432 is connected to the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30. The first liquid inlet pipe 431 is located on the outside of the outer casing 10, facilitating flexible connection with other battery packs 100. Similarly, the liquid outlet pipe 44 includes a first liquid outlet pipe 441 and a second liquid outlet pipe 442. The two ends of the first liquid outlet pipe 441 are connected to a first liquid outlet connector 411 and a second liquid outlet connector 412, respectively. The middle position of the first liquid outlet pipe 441 is connected to one end of the second liquid outlet pipe 442, and the other end of the second liquid outlet pipe 442 is connected to the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the cold plate 30. The first liquid outlet pipe 441 is located on the outside of the housing 10, which facilitates flexible connection with other battery packs 100.

[0135] In some embodiments, the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 extend out of the housing 10 from the side wall 13. Similarly, the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 extend out of the housing 10 from the side wall 13. (Same as above) Figure 6 and Figure 7 Similar to the embodiments, in this embodiment, the liquid inlet 31 and liquid outlet 32 ​​of the liquid cooling plate 30 are located on both sides of the cooling plate 30 in the first direction. The first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 are located on one side of the outer casing 10 in the first direction, and the first liquid outlet connector 411 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 are located on the other side of the outer casing 10 in the first direction. The first direction is either the length direction of the battery pack 100 or the width direction of the battery pack 100. The effect of this design can be referred to the above. Figure 6 and Figure 7 Examples are not described in detail here.

[0136] In some embodiments, a shut-off valve 50 is provided on the inlet pipe 43, located between the node connecting the inlet pipe 43 to the first inlet connector 421 and the second inlet connector 422 and the inlet port 31. Similarly, a shut-off valve 50 is provided on the outlet pipe 44, located between the node connecting the inlet pipe 43 to the first outlet connector 411 and the second outlet connector 412 and the outlet port 32. The design of the shut-off valve 50 effectively prevents leakage when connecting to other battery packs 100 or liquid cooling units 400, improving connection safety.

[0137] In some embodiments, the shut-off valve 50 is provided on the side wall 13 of the housing 10 for fixing to the housing 10.

[0138] In some embodiments, the shut-off valve 50 includes a male connector 51 and a female connector 52 connected to each other, and the liquid inlet pipe 43 includes a first liquid inlet pipe 431 connected to the female connector 52 and a second liquid inlet pipe 432 connected to the male connector 51. The second liquid inlet pipe 432 is connected to the liquid inlet 31 of the cold plate 30, and the two ends of the first liquid inlet pipe 431 are connected to the first liquid inlet connector 421 and the second liquid inlet connector 422, respectively.

[0139] Similarly, a shut-off valve 50 is also provided on the liquid outlet line 44. The specific design is the same as that on the liquid inlet line 43, and will not be described in detail here.

[0140] The male connector 51 is fixed to the side wall 13 of the outer casing 10 of the battery pack 100, while the female connector 52 and the first liquid inlet pipe 431 connected to the female connector 52 are located outside the outer casing 10 of the battery pack 100. During handling and transportation, the male connector 51 and the female connector 52 can be disassembled for separate handling to reduce the risk of damage. When assembly is required, the male connector 51 and the female connector 52 can be easily connected together.

[0141] Taking the energy storage system 1000, which includes multiple battery packs 100, as an example, the same Figure 6 Similar to the previous embodiment, in this embodiment, the liquid cooling unit 400 is located at the top of one row of battery packs 100, and the power converter 200 is located at the top of another row of battery packs 100. The first liquid outlet connector 402 of the liquid cooling unit 400 is connected to the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the corresponding top battery pack 100 in one row of battery packs 100 via an external pipeline. The first liquid inlet connector 401 of the liquid cooling unit 400 is connected to the second liquid outlet connector 412 of the top battery pack 100 in another row of battery packs 100 via an external pipeline.

[0142] In each battery pack 100, in the Z direction, the first liquid inlet connector 421 of the upper battery pack 100 and the second liquid inlet connector 422 of the lower battery pack 100 are directly connected, and the first liquid outlet connector 411 of the upper battery pack 100 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 of the lower battery pack 100 are directly connected, so that the liquid circuit connection between adjacent battery packs 100 can be realized.

[0143] Between two adjacent rows of battery packs 100, the first liquid inlet connectors 421 of the bottom two battery packs 100 are directly connected, and the first liquid outlet connectors 411 of the two battery packs 100 are directly connected, thus achieving liquid circuit connection between the two rows of battery packs 100. Alternatively, the first liquid inlet connectors 421 of the bottom two battery packs 100 can be indirectly connected via pipes, and the first liquid outlet connectors 411 of the two battery packs 100 can be indirectly connected via pipes, thus achieving liquid circuit connection between the two rows of battery packs 100.

[0144] It is understood that this embodiment is the same as the previous one. Figure 3 As in the previous embodiment, when assembling or adding a battery pack 100, liquid can be pre-filled into the cold plate 30 of the new battery pack 100, the liquid inlet pipe 43 connected to the cold plate 30, and the liquid outlet pipe 44, etc., and then directly plugged into the existing battery pack 100 to achieve liquid circuit connection without the intervention of external pipes. Therefore, on-site liquid filling is not required, which can avoid the impact caused by non-standard on-site liquid filling operation. This will not be described in detail here.

[0145] Figure 10 A simplified schematic diagram illustrating the connection principle of another energy storage system 1000 provided in this application embodiment. Figure 10 Examples and Figure 4 The main difference in the embodiments is that, Figure 10 The energy storage system 1000 in this embodiment includes a battery pack 100. The following focuses on... Figure 10 Examples and Figure 4 Differences in the embodiments.

[0146] Reference Figure 10In some embodiments, the liquid cooling unit 400 and the power converter 200 are arranged side-by-side on the top wall 12 of the uppermost battery pack 100 in the same row of battery packs 100. The first liquid inlet connector 401 and the first liquid outlet connector 402 of the liquid cooling unit 400 are located on the lower surface of the liquid cooling unit 400 and are respectively inserted into the second liquid inlet connector 422 and the second liquid outlet connector 412 on the uppermost battery pack 100. The power terminals of the power converter 200 are located on the lower surface of the power converter 200 and are inserted into the first pair of power terminals on the upper surface of the uppermost battery pack 100, that is, into the power input terminal 451 and the first power transfer terminal 461 on the upper surface of the uppermost battery pack 100. It can be understood that the lower surface of the power converter 200 refers to the surface facing the battery pack 100 in the Z direction.

[0147] The fluid connection method and power connection method between multiple battery packs 100 are the same Figure 4 The same applies to the embodiments; for details, please refer to [the specific examples]. Figure 4 The specific implementation details are omitted here. The connection method between the second liquid inlet connector 403 and the second liquid outlet connector 404 of the liquid-cooled unit 400 and the power converter 200 can be referred to... Figure 4 Examples are not described in detail here.

[0148] In addition, with Figure 4 The difference in the embodiments is that the location of the adapter box 600 is different. Figure 10 In this embodiment, the adapter box 600 is disposed on the base 500, and the power output terminal 452 of the lowermost battery pack 100 and the second adapter power terminal 462 are connected through the adapter box 600. This realizes the power connection between the power converter 200 and the multiple battery packs 100.

[0149] It is understood that in some other embodiments, one of the liquid cooling unit 400 or the power converter 200 may be located below the plurality of battery packs 100, or the power converter 200 may be located between the plurality of battery packs 100.

[0150] It should be noted that all the "connectors" mentioned above that connect to the liquid lines, such as various inlet and outlet connectors, are self-sealing. They will open after insertion. For example, the first inlet connector 421 and the second inlet connector 422 of the other battery pack 100 are sealed before insertion, but after insertion, they are connected. The same applies to other connectors, which will not be described further here.

[0151] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized by, The energy storage system includes a liquid cooling unit and at least one row of battery packs, each row of battery packs including multiple battery packs stacked together, and the liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the cold plates of the multiple battery packs. Each of the multiple battery packs includes a cold plate, a first liquid inlet connector and a second liquid inlet connector communicating with the liquid inlet of the cold plate, and a first liquid outlet connector and a second liquid outlet connector communicating with the liquid outlet of the cold plate. In the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs, the first liquid inlet connector of one of the plurality of battery packs is used to connect with the second liquid inlet connector of the battery pack adjacent on one side, and the second liquid inlet connector of the battery pack is used to connect with the first liquid inlet connector of the battery pack adjacent on the other side. In the stacking direction, the first liquid outlet connector of one battery pack is used to connect with the second liquid outlet connector of an adjacent battery pack on one side, and the second liquid outlet connector of one battery pack is used to connect with the first liquid outlet connector of an adjacent battery pack on the other side.

2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The battery pack also includes an inlet pipe connected to the inlet and an outlet pipe connected to the outlet; The first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are respectively connected to the liquid inlet pipeline, and the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are respectively connected to the liquid outlet pipeline.

3. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are mutually matching male and female connectors. The first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are respectively located on two surfaces of the battery pack along the stacking direction, and the positions of the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are directly opposite each other in the stacking direction. In the stacking direction, the first liquid inlet connector of one of the plurality of battery packs is inserted into the second liquid inlet connector of the adjacent battery pack.

4. The energy storage system of claim 3, wherein, The first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are mutually matched male and female plug connectors. The first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are respectively located on two surfaces of the battery pack along the stacking direction. The first liquid outlet connector of one of the plurality of battery packs is plugged into the second liquid outlet connector of the adjacent battery pack. The first liquid inlet connector and the first liquid outlet connector are arranged adjacent to each other, and the second liquid inlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are arranged adjacent to each other.

5. An energy storage system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, In a first direction of the battery pack, the first liquid inlet connector, the first liquid outlet connector, the second liquid inlet connector, and the second liquid outlet connector are located at one end of the battery pack, and the power input terminal and the power output terminal of the battery pack are located at the other end of the battery pack, wherein the first direction is the length direction or the width direction of the battery pack.

6. An energy storage system according to any one of claims 3-5, characterised in that, The battery pack includes a housing for housing battery cells and a first box body disposed on one side wall of the housing. The height of the first box body in the stacking direction is the same as the height of the housing in the stacking direction. A first liquid inlet connector and a first liquid outlet connector are disposed adjacent to each other on one surface of the first box body disposed along the stacking direction. A second liquid inlet connector and a second liquid outlet connector are disposed adjacent to each other on another surface of the first box body disposed along the stacking direction. The liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the cold plate are located in the first box body. The liquid inlet pipe and liquid outlet pipe of the battery pack are located in the first box body.

7. The energy storage system of claim 6, wherein, The liquid inlet pipeline includes a first liquid inlet pipeline and a second liquid inlet pipeline. The two ends of the first liquid inlet pipeline are respectively connected to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector. One end of the first liquid inlet pipeline and the second liquid inlet pipeline are connected together, and the other end of the second liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the liquid inlet of the cold plate. The liquid outlet pipeline includes a first liquid outlet pipeline and a second liquid outlet pipeline. The two ends of the first liquid outlet pipeline are respectively connected to the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector. One end of the first liquid outlet pipeline and one end of the second liquid outlet pipeline are connected together, and the other end of the second liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet of the cold plate.

8. The energy storage system of claim 6 or 7, wherein, The battery pack also includes a second housing disposed on one of the side walls, the power input terminals of the battery pack being disposed on one surface of the second housing in the stacking direction, and the power output terminals of the battery pack being disposed on the other surface of the second housing in the stacking direction.

9. The energy storage system of claim 2, wherein, A shut-off valve is provided on the inlet pipeline, and the shut-off valve is located between the node where the inlet pipeline connects to the first inlet connector and the second inlet connector and the inlet port.

10. The energy storage system of claim 9, wherein, The shut-off valve includes a male connector and a female connector connected to each other. The liquid inlet pipeline includes a first liquid inlet pipeline connected to the female connector and a second liquid inlet pipeline connected to the male connector. The first liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector respectively, and the second liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the liquid inlet.

11. The energy storage system of claim 10, wherein, The male connector is located on the side wall of the battery pack housing, while the female connector and the first liquid inlet pipe connected to the female connector are located outside the battery pack housing.

12. The energy storage system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Each of the multiple battery packs also includes a first connecting connector and a second connecting connector that are interconnected by pipelines. The first connecting connector is connected to the first liquid inlet connector, and the second connecting connector is connected to the second liquid inlet connector of the adjacent battery pack.

13. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein, The first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are located on the side wall of the outer casing of the battery pack.

14. The energy storage system of any of claims 1-3 and 8-13, wherein, The liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling plate are located on opposite sides of the liquid cooling plate in a first direction of the battery pack. The first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are located on one side of the housing in the first direction, and the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are located on the other side of the housing in the first direction. The first direction is the length direction or the width direction of the battery pack.

15. The energy storage system of any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The opening size of both the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector is larger than the inner diameter of the liquid inlet; or, the opening size of both the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector is larger than the inner diameter of the liquid outlet.

16. The energy storage system of any one of claims 1-15, wherein, The energy storage system includes multiple rows of battery packs. In two adjacent battery packs, the second liquid inlet connector of one battery pack in one battery pack is connected to the second liquid inlet connector of one battery pack in the other battery pack, and the second liquid outlet connector of one battery pack in one battery pack in the other battery pack is connected to the second liquid outlet connector of one battery pack in the other battery pack.

17. The energy storage system of claim 16, wherein, Two rows of battery packs in the multi-row battery pack are arranged side by side, and the liquid cooling unit is stacked on top of multiple battery packs in one of the battery pack rows. The energy storage system also includes a power converter, which is stacked on top of multiple battery packs in the other battery pack row.

18. The energy storage system of claim 17, wherein, The lower surface of the power converter is provided with the power terminals of the power converter. The battery pack includes a first pair of power terminals located on the upper surface of the battery pack and a second pair of power terminals located on the lower surface of the battery pack. The power terminals of the power converter are plugged into the first pair of power terminals of the battery pack. In the stacking direction, the second pair of power terminals of one battery pack is plugged into the first pair of power terminals of the adjacent battery pack.

19. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 15-18, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a base for supporting multiple battery packs. The base extends to the two outermost battery packs at both ends in the parallel direction. The upper surface of the base is provided with multiple pairs of power adapters corresponding to the number of battery packs. The base is provided with cables that connect the multiple pairs of power adapters. The multiple pairs of power adapters are used to plug into the second pair of power terminals of the bottommost battery pack of the multiple battery packs.

20. The energy storage system of claim 18 or 19, wherein, The liquid cooling unit integrates an adapter box, which is located on the lower surface of the liquid cooling unit and is used to connect to the first pair of power terminals at the top of a row of battery packs corresponding to the liquid cooling unit.

21. The energy storage system of any of claims 16-18, wherein, The energy storage system also includes a base for supporting multiple battery packs. The base is further provided with inlet and outlet liquid lines. In two adjacent battery packs, the second liquid inlet connector of one battery pack and the second liquid inlet connector of the other battery pack are connected through the inlet liquid lines. In two adjacent battery packs, the second liquid outlet connector of one battery pack and the second liquid outlet connector of the other battery pack are connected through the liquid outlet pipeline.

22. The energy storage system of any one of claims 1-15, wherein, The energy storage system also includes a power converter. The liquid cooler and the power converter are arranged side by side on the top wall of the uppermost battery pack in the same row of battery packs. The liquid cooler's inlet and outlet connectors are located on the lower surface of the liquid cooler and are respectively connected to the second inlet and outlet connectors on the uppermost battery pack. The power terminals of the power converter are located on the lower surface of the power converter and are connected to a pair of power terminals on the upper surface of the uppermost battery pack.

23. An energy storage system characterized by, The energy storage system includes a liquid cooling unit and at least one row of battery packs, each row of battery packs including multiple battery packs stacked together, and the liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the cold plates of the multiple battery packs. Each battery pack is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe that communicate with the cold plate. Along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, the two ends of the inlet pipe are respectively connected to a first inlet connector and a second inlet connector, and the two ends of the outlet pipe are respectively connected to a first outlet connector and a second outlet connector. In the stacking direction, the first liquid inlet connector of one battery pack is inserted into the second liquid inlet connector of the adjacent battery pack, and the first liquid outlet connector of one battery pack is inserted into the second liquid outlet connector of the adjacent battery pack.

24. The energy storage system of claim 23, wherein, Each battery pack is provided with a power input terminal and a power output terminal. In the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs, the power input terminal of one of the battery packs is plugged into the power output terminal of the adjacent battery pack.

25. The energy storage system according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that, The first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are respectively located on two surfaces of the battery pack that are arranged opposite to each other along the stacking direction, and the positions of the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector are directly opposite each other in the stacking direction; The first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are respectively located on two surfaces of the battery pack that are arranged opposite each other along the stacking direction, and the positions of the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector are directly opposite each other in the stacking direction.

26. The energy storage system of any of claims 23-25, wherein, The battery pack includes a battery module, and the liquid inlet pipe, the liquid outlet pipe, and the power terminal are located on the same side of the battery module.

27. The energy storage system of claim 26, wherein, The first liquid inlet connector and the first liquid outlet connector are located on one side of the battery pack along its length, and the power terminals of the battery pack are located on the other side of the battery pack along its length.

28. The energy storage system of any of claims 23-27, wherein, The liquid inlet pipeline includes a first liquid inlet pipeline and a second liquid inlet pipeline. The two ends of the first liquid inlet pipeline are respectively connected to the first liquid inlet connector and the second liquid inlet connector. One end of the first liquid inlet pipeline is connected to one end of the second liquid inlet pipeline, and the other end of the second liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the liquid inlet of the cold plate. The liquid outlet pipeline includes a first liquid outlet pipeline and a second liquid outlet pipeline. The two ends of the first liquid outlet pipeline are respectively connected to the first liquid outlet connector and the second liquid outlet connector. One end of the first liquid outlet pipeline and one end of the second liquid outlet pipeline are connected together, and the other end of the second liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet of the cold plate.

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