A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of antennas and relates to a spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance, which comprises an input patch, a spin excitation structure, a radiation patch and a dielectric substrate; the input patch, the spin excitation structure and the radiation patch are sequentially connected and are all arranged on the dielectric substrate; the input patch is connected with an external input source to input an alternating current signal; the spin excitation structure converts the electromagnetic wave of the input patch into a spin wave by using the principle of ferromagnetic resonance and converts the spin wave into an electromagnetic wave to transmit to the radiation patch; the spin excitation structure comprises a first part and a second part which are arranged at intervals; the first part is connected with the input patch to convert the electromagnetic wave of the input patch into a spin wave; and the second part is connected with the radiation patch to convert the spin wave into an electromagnetic wave to transmit to the radiation patch. The application can realize extreme miniaturization on the premise of maintaining the performance of the antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous leaps in technology, fields such as wireless communication, the Internet of Things, and aerospace are experiencing explosive growth. As a core communication component, the performance requirements for antennas are also constantly increasing. Given the rapid evolution of various electronic devices towards miniaturization, integration, and high performance, antennas not only need to have stable signal transmission capabilities but also need to overcome size limitations to adapt to the installation needs of micro terminals, portable devices, and small payloads.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream antennas used in the field of wireless communication are all traditional types of antennas, which mainly rely on the direct radiation and reception of electromagnetic waves to achieve signal transmission. Common types include microstrip antennas, slot antennas, and monopole antennas.

[0004] However, these ordinary antennas still face a series of problems that urgently need to be solved. Their inherent shortcomings have gradually become a constraint on the development of the industry, and their development is no longer able to fully adapt to the current diversified and demanding application scenarios.

[0005] 1) The size of ordinary antennas is usually positively correlated with the operating wavelength. Due to the wavelength characteristics, the size is relatively large and it is difficult to further reduce the size. This makes it unsuitable for scenarios with extremely high space requirements, such as micro portable devices and micro satellite payloads. Even with optimized design, the size cannot be miniaturized to the extreme, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of scenarios such as micro electronic devices and micro sensing nodes. 2) Ordinary antenna structures are cumbersome to design, have poor integration, are difficult to conformally integrate with microelectronic devices and integrated chips, and are not easy to carry, which limits their application in miniaturized devices. 3) The design and manufacturing technology of ordinary antennas has matured, but with the increase in communication frequency and the intensification of the demand for miniaturization of equipment, the inherent contradiction between performance and miniaturization has become more prominent, and the gap with the current development needs of the communication field has gradually widened.

[0006] In summary, existing conventional antennas still suffer from problems such as large size and poor integration. Even if miniaturization is achieved, antenna performance is sacrificed, making it impossible to fully meet the current miniaturized and high-performance communication requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance to address the above-mentioned technical problems, which can achieve extreme miniaturization while maintaining antenna performance.

[0008] A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance includes: an input patch, a spin excitation structure, a radiating patch, and a dielectric substrate; The input patch, the spin excitation structure, and the radiation patch are connected in sequence and are all disposed on the dielectric substrate; The input patch is connected to an external input source to input an alternating current signal; The spin excitation structure uses the principle of ferromagnetic resonance to convert the electromagnetic waves of the input patch into spin waves, and then converts the spin waves into electromagnetic waves and transmits them to the radiating patch.

[0009] In one embodiment, the spin excitation structure includes a first portion and a second portion spaced apart. The first part is connected to the input patch to convert the electromagnetic wave of the input patch into a spin wave; The second part is connected to the radiating patch to convert the spin wave into an electromagnetic wave and transmit it to the radiating patch.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first part includes a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side, the second side, and the third side are arranged parallel to each other at intervals, and one corresponding end of each side is connected to the fourth side to form an "E" shaped structure; the second side is located between the first side and the third side and is connected to the input patch; The second part includes a first section, a second section, a third section, and a fourth section; the first section, the second section, and the third section are arranged in parallel with each other at intervals, and one corresponding end of each section is connected to the fourth section to form an "E" shaped structure; the second section is located between the first section and the third section and is connected to the radiating patch; The first side, the second side, the third side, the first section, the second section, and the third section are arranged parallel to each other, and the fourth side is arranged parallel to the fourth section.

[0011] In one embodiment, the opening ends of the first portion and the second portion face opposite directions.

[0012] In one embodiment, the distance between the first part and the second part is equal to the width of the first side. In one embodiment, the length of the first side is greater than the length of the first section; The lengths of the first side and the third side are equal, and the ratio of the lengths of the second side, the third side, and the fourth side satisfies (6~7):(5~6):1; The lengths of the first section and the third section are equal, and the ratio of the lengths of the second section, the third section and the fourth section satisfies (5~6):(4~6):1.

[0013] In one embodiment, it further includes: a gradient structure to connect the input patch and the spin excitation structure; The large end of the gradient structure is connected to the input patch, and the small end of the gradient structure is connected to the first part.

[0014] In one embodiment, the number of input patches is three, and the three input patches are spaced apart. There are three gradient structures, each corresponding to one of the input patches; the large ends of the three gradient structures are connected to the corresponding input patches, and the small ends of the three gradient structures are respectively connected to the other corresponding ends of the first side, the second side, and the third side.

[0015] In one embodiment, the gradient structure is an axisymmetric structure, and the axis of symmetry passes through the center of the corresponding input patch.

[0016] In one embodiment, the input patch, the spin excitation structure, and the radiation patch are all made of heavy metal materials; The dielectric substrate includes a first layer and a second layer stacked sequentially from top to bottom; The first layer is a ferromagnetic material layer, and the second layer is a substrate layer.

[0017] The aforementioned spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance is designed with a spin excitation structure connecting the input patch and the radiating patch, as well as a dielectric substrate, to form a three-layer composite antenna. This generates a ferromagnetic resonance phenomenon, realizing a spin antenna. This design breaks through the technical bottleneck of existing antennas that rely on direct electromagnetic wave radiation and reception. It achieves extreme miniaturization while maintaining antenna performance, and at the same time improves the efficiency and stability of signal transmission, achieving high stability and high integration. This is of great significance for the development and application of antennas in fields such as miniature portable electronic devices, IoT terminals, and aerospace miniature payloads. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance in one embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spin excitation structure of a ferromagnetic resonance-based spin antenna in one embodiment. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dielectric substrate composition of a spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance in one embodiment. Figure 4 As one embodiment, the S-type of a ferromagnetic resonance-based spin antenna 11 Line graph.

[0019] Figure label: Dielectric substrate 1, input patch 2, spin excitation structure 3, first part 31, second part 32, radiation patch 4. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0022] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. In the description of this application, "multiple sets" means at least two sets, such as two sets, three sets, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this application can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this application.

[0025] This application provides a spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, it includes: an input patch, a spin excitation structure, a radiation patch, and a dielectric substrate. The input patch, spin excitation structure, and radiation patch are connected in sequence, and all three are disposed on the dielectric substrate (specifically, the input patch, spin excitation structure, and radiation patch are all disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate).

[0026] One end of the input patch is connected to an external input source to form a pad structure for inputting an alternating current signal, and the other end is connected to a spin excitation structure.

[0027] One end of the spin excitation structure is connected to the input patch to convert the electromagnetic wave from the input patch into a spin wave, and the other end is connected to the radiation patch to convert the spin wave into an electromagnetic wave and transmit it to the radiation patch.

[0028] The radiating patch radiates electromagnetic waves.

[0029] The dielectric substrate has a two-layer structure so that the spin excitation structure adopts the ferromagnetic resonance principle and forms a spin antenna together with the input patch and the radiating patch.

[0030] In this embodiment, preferably, the spin excitation structure includes a first part and a second part spaced apart; the first part is connected to the input patch to convert the electromagnetic wave of the input patch into a spin wave; the second part is connected to the radiation patch to convert the spin wave into an electromagnetic wave and transmit it to the radiation patch.

[0031] More preferably, the first part includes a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side, the second side, and the third side are arranged parallel to each other at intervals, and one corresponding end of each side is connected to the fourth side (i.e., one end of the first side, one end of the second side, and one end of the third side are all connected to the fourth side), forming an "E"-shaped structure; the second side is located between the first side and the third side and is connected to the input patch; the second part includes a first section, a second section, a third section, and a fourth section; the first section, the second section, and the third section are arranged parallel to each other at intervals, and one corresponding end of each section is connected to the fourth section, forming an "E"-shaped structure; the second section is located between the first section and the third section and is connected to the radiating patch; the first side, the second side, the third side, the first section, the second section, and the third section are arranged parallel to each other, and the fourth side is arranged parallel to the fourth section. This arrangement optimizes the electromagnetic field distribution, reduces transmission loss, and, in conjunction with the first and second parts, stably excites spin waves, improving energy conversion efficiency and adapting to the compact design of micro / nano spin antennas.

[0032] More preferably, the opening ends of the first part and the second part face opposite directions so that the electromagnetic fields generated by the two are coupled and superimposed in opposite directions, effectively canceling stray electromagnetic interference, accurately controlling the magnetic moment precession direction and spin wave propagation mode, enhancing the local excitation effect of the intermediate functional region, and improving the directionality and control capability of spin wave excitation.

[0033] More preferably, the distance between the first part and the second part is equal to the width of the first side (the widths of the first side, second side, third side, fourth side, first section, second section, third section, and fourth section are all equal) to meet the subwavelength scale limitation, ensure sufficient electromagnetic coupling between the first part and the second part, enhance the synergistic excitation effect on the intermediate spin functional structure, avoid electromagnetic field attenuation and insufficient spin wave excitation intensity, avoid electromagnetic crosstalk, effectively improve the energy conversion efficiency of microwave and spin wave, and adapt to micro-nano device fabrication technology, taking into account the miniaturization design and operational stability of the spin antenna. More preferably, the widths of the first side, second side, third side, fourth side, first section, second section, third section, and fourth section are equal; the length of the first side is greater than the length of the first section; the lengths of the first side and the third side are equal, and the ratio of the lengths of the second side, third side, and fourth side satisfies (6~7):(5~6):1. (For example, 6.56:5.76:1, through differentiated gradient structure design, orderly control of electromagnetic field distribution gradient and coverage, concentrated coupling energy to spin radiation functional region, effectively suppressing stray electromagnetic radiation and signal crosstalk at the edge of spin excitation structure, improving microwave transmission characteristics, stabilizing spin wave excitation mode, improving the conversion efficiency of microwave energy to spin wave, and meeting the structural design and high-performance operation requirements of micro-nano scale spin antennas); The lengths of the first and third sections are equal, and the ratio of the lengths of the second, third and fourth sections satisfies (5~6):(4~6):1 (For example, 5.2:5:1, through gradient structure design adapted to the radiating patch, efficiently conducts coupled microwave energy to the radiating patch region, reasonably controls the electromagnetic field morphology at the output end, weakens the energy loss at the transmission end, strengthens the electromagnetic coupling connection between the spin excitation structure and the radiating patch, optimizes the radiation output characteristics of the spin antenna, ensures stable feeding of spin excitation signal into the radiating structure, and improves overall radiation efficiency).

[0034] In another embodiment, a gradient structure is further included to connect the input patch and the spin excitation structure; the large end of the gradient structure is connected to the input patch, and the small end of the gradient structure is connected to the first part. The design of the gradient structure ensures continuous AC signal input and improves signal stability.

[0035] Preferably, there are three input patches (namely: a first patch, a second patch, and a third patch, with the second patch positioned between the first and third patches), spaced apart, each connected to one of the three pins of the SMA connector. The second patch is connected to the positive terminal of the SMA connector, and both the first and third patches are connected to the negative terminal (ground) of the SMA connector, so that the input patches can be connected to an external input source through the SMA connector; there are also three gradient structures (namely: a first gradient structure, a second gradient structure, and a third gradient structure, with the second...). The gradient structure is positioned between the first and third gradient structures and corresponds one-to-one with the input patch. The large ends of the three gradient structures are connected to the corresponding input patches, and the small ends of the three gradient structures are connected to the other corresponding ends of the first, second, and third sides, respectively (i.e., the large end of the first gradient structure is connected to the first patch, and the small end is connected to the other end of the first side; the large end of the second gradient structure is connected to the second patch, and the small end is connected to the other end of the second side; the large end of the third gradient structure is connected to the third patch, and the small end is connected to the other end of the third side). This configuration enables a smooth transition of the transmission structure, achieves continuous impedance matching, effectively reduces reflection, standing waves, and signal distortion during high-frequency alternating signal transmission, significantly reduces transmission loss, smoothly introduces alternating excitation signals, ensures stable and complete input signal transmission, and provides stable electromagnetic input conditions for the spin antenna to continuously and reliably excite spin waves.

[0036] More preferably, the gradient structure is an axisymmetric triangular structure, and the axis of symmetry passes through the center of the corresponding input patch. In other words, the center of the input patch is on the axis of symmetry of the gradient structure to improve the signal transmission effect.

[0037] In another embodiment, the input patch, spin excitation structure, and radiation patch are all made of heavy metal materials; the dielectric substrate includes a first layer and a second layer stacked from top to bottom; the first layer is a ferromagnetic material layer, and the second layer is a substrate layer.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, the first layer of the dielectric substrate is a platinum (Pt) layer, the second layer is a cobalt iron boron (CoFeB) layer, and the third layer is a silicon (Si) layer to enhance the spin effect.

[0039] The working process of this application is as follows: the alternating current signal is input by the input patch, the electromagnetic wave is converted into a spin wave by the first part, and then received by the second part, the spin wave is converted into an electromagnetic wave by the second part, and finally the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the radiation patch and radiated out by the radiation patch.

[0040] It should be noted that the entire antenna is fabricated using micro-nano processing, and the specific micro-nano processing procedures and technologies are all existing technologies.

[0041] The aforementioned spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance is designed with a spin excitation structure connecting the input patch and the radiating patch, as well as a dielectric substrate, to form a three-layer composite antenna. This generates a ferromagnetic resonance phenomenon, realizing a spin antenna. This design breaks through the technical bottleneck of existing antennas that rely on direct electromagnetic wave radiation and reception. It achieves extreme miniaturization while maintaining antenna performance, and at the same time improves the efficiency and stability of signal transmission, achieving high stability and high integration. This is of great significance for the development and application of antennas in fields such as miniature portable electronic devices, IoT terminals, and aerospace miniature payloads.

[0042] Specifically, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. This application employs spin technology and utilizes the principle of ferromagnetic resonance to overcome the limitations of traditional antennas, such as the positive correlation between size and wavelength, and the contradiction between size and performance. This significantly reduces the antenna size, achieving extreme miniaturization (the overall antenna size is only 975×900um). 2 It measures approximately 11.90 × 11.90 mm, similar to a conventional antenna. 2 (0.62%), while utilizing spin excitation structure to achieve efficient conversion between electromagnetic waves and spin waves, improving the efficiency and stability of signal transmission, and providing a new path for antennas to achieve both extreme miniaturization and high performance.

[0043] 2. This application achieves extreme miniaturization of the antenna, with a compact structure that is easy to conformally integrate with microelectronic devices, integrated chips, and other structures, making it portable and suitable for scenarios with extremely high space requirements, such as micro portable devices and micro satellite payloads.

[0044] 3. This application achieves extreme miniaturization while possessing excellent resonant performance; the antenna operates at a relatively low frequency, S 11 The parameters are all below -10dB within the range of 8.31-9.75GHz, and there are two obvious resonance points at 8.8GHz and 9.5GHz within the operating frequency band. The resonance depth is large, resulting in high signal transmission efficiency and good stability.

[0045] 4. The combination of the features in this application enables a spin antenna that operates using spin waves, achieving both miniaturization and high performance. This improves anti-interference capability and notch characteristics, effectively suppressing various interference signals in complex communication environments and further enhancing communication stability.

[0046] 5. The antenna has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has low processing costs, and is suitable for mass production and practical application. It is applicable to the field of micro communication, especially micro portable electronic devices, IoT terminals, aerospace micro payloads and other scenarios.

[0047] Due to the extremely small size of the structure in this application, it is impossible to simulate it using CST simulation software. Therefore, the antenna performance is analyzed through actual measurement.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, S 11 The parameters are all below -10dB between 8.31-9.75GHz, with two distinct resonant points at 8.8GHz and 9.5GHz. At 8.8GHz, S... 11 -14.4dB at 9.5GHz 11 The value of -32.0dB proves that the antenna has good resonant performance and can be applied in wireless communication.

[0049] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0050] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0051] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended application documents.

Claims

1. A ferromagnetic resonance based spin antenna, characterized in that, include: Input patch, spin excitation structure, radiation patch, and dielectric substrate; The input patch, the spin excitation structure, and the radiation patch are connected in sequence and are all disposed on the dielectric substrate; The input patch is connected to an external input source to input an alternating current signal; The spin excitation structure uses the principle of ferromagnetic resonance to convert the electromagnetic waves of the input patch into spin waves, and then converts the spin waves into electromagnetic waves and transmits them to the radiating patch.

2. The spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spin excitation structure includes a first part and a second part that are spaced apart; The first part is connected to the input patch to convert the electromagnetic wave of the input patch into a spin wave; The second part is connected to the radiating patch to convert the spin wave into an electromagnetic wave and transmit it to the radiating patch.

3. A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first part includes a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; the first side, the second side, and the third side are arranged parallel to each other at intervals, and one corresponding end of each side is connected to the fourth side to form an "E" shaped structure; the second side is located between the first side and the third side and is connected to the input patch; The second part includes a first section, a second section, a third section, and a fourth section; the first section, the second section, and the third section are arranged in parallel with each other at intervals, and one corresponding end of each section is connected to the fourth section to form an "E" shaped structure; the second section is located between the first section and the third section and is connected to the radiating patch; The first side, the second side, the third side, the first section, the second section, and the third section are arranged parallel to each other, and the fourth side is arranged parallel to the fourth section.

4. A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance according to claim 3, characterized in that, The opening ends of the first part and the second part face opposite directions.

5. A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between the first part and the second part is equal to the width of the first side.

6. A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The length of the first side is greater than the length of the first section; The lengths of the first side and the third side are equal, and the ratio of the lengths of the second side, the third side, and the fourth side satisfies (6~7):(5~6):1; The lengths of the first section and the third section are equal, and the ratio of the lengths of the second section, the third section and the fourth section satisfies (5~6):(4~6):

1.

7. A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that, It also includes: a gradient structure to connect the input patch and the spin excitation structure; The large end of the gradient structure is connected to the input patch, and the small end of the gradient structure is connected to the first part.

8. A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of input patches is three, and the three input patches are set at intervals. There are three gradient structures, each corresponding to one of the input patches; the large ends of the three gradient structures are connected to the corresponding input patches, and the small ends of the three gradient structures are respectively connected to the other corresponding ends of the first side, the second side, and the third side.

9. A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance according to claim 8, characterized in that, The gradient structure is an axisymmetric structure, and the axis of symmetry passes through the center of the corresponding input patch.

10. A spin antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The input patch, the spin excitation structure, and the radiation patch are all made of heavy metal materials; The dielectric substrate includes a first layer and a second layer stacked sequentially from top to bottom; The first layer is a ferromagnetic material layer, and the second layer is a substrate layer.

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