An electrical connection device

Abstract

This invention provides an electrical connection device, belonging to the field of rail transit technology. A first-end connector is equipped with a first electrical contact, and a first-end electrical connection module is configured with a first electrical connector and a second electrical contact for external power supply; these two connectors connect to establish internal circuitry. A second-end connecting pipe has a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the first-end connector, and the second-end electrical connection module is equipped with a second electrical connector and a third electrical contact. During vehicle coupling operations, the first-end connector can be smoothly inserted into the second-end connecting pipe, allowing the first and third electrical contacts to precisely connect and establish the circuitry. This device features a simple and compact structure, convenient assembly and docking, and electrical connection achieved through plug-in coupling, eliminating the need for an additional push-drive mechanism, reducing power dependence and installation space occupation. The connection is stable and reliable, suitable for use in the electrical docking of rail vehicle couplers, and possesses strong versatility and excellent practicality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail transit technology, and specifically to an electrical connection device. Background Technology

[0002] Existing conventional coupler electrical connectors suffer from numerous structural and operational condition compatibility defects in practical applications, severely limiting their applicability and reliability. For example: The electrical connector of the coupler is highly dependent on power. The existing control system must rely on an external air source or power supply for power support, which cannot be adapted to the working conditions of special vehicles such as trucks without a power source, and the application range is narrow. Poor spatial adaptability: The entire set of equipment includes an independent pushing mechanism, control components and power pipelines / circuits. The pushing mechanism itself has strict requirements for the size of the installation space, and in order to achieve the protection effect, the electrical connectors usually need to be integrated into the box with a protective cover. The overall size is large and cannot meet the assembly requirements of narrow installation spaces. The coupling tolerance is low, the existing equipment has very little margin of movement in coupling operations, and the requirements for coupler coupling accuracy are extremely high. It cannot adapt to coupler coupling conditions with large deviation ranges and has insufficient versatility. It has a single function, can only realize electrical signal transmission, and cannot take into account the transmission of air medium, making it difficult to meet the operational needs of modern rail vehicles for multi-medium integrated transmission.

[0003] To solve the above problems, it is necessary to improve the structure of electrical connectors in order to improve their applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to at least solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems and to provide an electrical connection device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An electrical connection device includes a first end connection component and a second end connection component; The first end connection component includes a first end connector and a first end electrical connection module; The first end connector is provided with a first electrical contact; the first end electrical connection module is provided with a first electrical connector and a second electrical contact; the first end connector is connected to the first end electrical connection module, and the first electrical contact is connected to the second electrical contact; The second-end connection component includes a second-end connection tube and a second-end electrical connection module; The diameter of the second end connecting pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the first end connector; the second end electrical connection module is provided with a second electrical connector and a third electrical contact; the second end connecting pipe is connected to the second end electrical connection module; When connected, the first end connector is inserted into the second end connector tube, and the first electrical contact is connected to the third electrical contact.

[0006] This device employs a plug-in connection structure between the first-end connector and the second-end connecting pipe. Utilizing the difference in pipe diameter, it creates a natural guiding and positioning structure, enabling automatic alignment and guidance during the connection process. This effectively improves docking accuracy and smoothness, and reduces the difficulty of alignment. Electrical conduction is achieved through the self-connection of the structure, eliminating the need for additional pushing mechanisms and supporting control systems. This eliminates the need for an external power source, resulting in a simplified structure that reduces manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulty. Furthermore, it occupies less installation space, making it suitable for confined installation areas.

[0007] In some embodiments of this application, the first end connector is a first end connecting pipe, and the first end connecting pipe is provided with an air outlet and an air inlet. The vent is positioned such that when the first end connecting pipe is inserted into the second end connecting pipe, the vent is located inside the cavity of the second end connecting pipe.

[0008] This device features a connecting pipe structure at the first end, with an air inlet and an air outlet. The air inlet can be connected to an external air source. In addition to electrical connection, it adds an air circuit connection function, achieving integrated connection of the circuit and air circuit. This greatly enriches the device's functionality and meets the requirements for simultaneous operation of vehicle electrical transmission and gas delivery. The air circuit and electrical connection share the same set of plug-in alignment structures, eliminating the need for separate air circuit guides and locking components. This results in higher overall structural integration, further simplifying the overall size and avoiding additional installation space requirements, making it suitable for confined installation environments.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the second end connection assembly further includes a guide cover, the guide cover including a large-diameter end and a small-diameter end, the small-diameter end being connected to the second end connection pipe, and an inclined guide surface being formed from the large-diameter end to the small-diameter end.

[0010] This device adds a guide cover to the second-end connecting assembly. Utilizing the inclined guiding surface formed by its large-diameter end to small-diameter end, it can play a good gathering and guiding role for the first-end connecting pipe during connection and docking, thereby improving the connection accuracy of the first-end connecting assembly and the second-end connecting assembly.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the second end connection component further includes a gate, which is installed at the opening of the second end connection pipe facing the first end connection component; the gate can be driven open by the first end connection component to allow the first end connector to be inserted into the second end connection pipe.

[0012] This device features a gate structure at the second-end connecting pipe port. When not connected, the gate is closed, effectively shielding the pipe opening and preventing external dust, rainwater, and debris from entering the pipe and electrical / pneumatic connection points. This provides excellent sealing and protection, preventing component corrosion and damage, and improving the device's reliability and lifespan. The gate is passively opened by the insertion of the first-end connecting component, eliminating the need for separate drive components, control circuitry, and power sources. The opening and closing structure is simple and ingenious, eliminating complex opening and closing control mechanisms and simplifying the overall structure.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, an opening is provided along the wall of the second end connecting pipe; the second end electrical connection module is fitted onto the second end connecting pipe, and the third electrical contact head is aligned with the opening.

[0014] This device has an opening in the wall of the second-end connecting pipe. The third electrical contact head is precisely aligned with the opening, allowing the internal electrical contact head to smoothly pass through the opening and complete the electrical connection after the first-end connector is inserted. The layout is reasonable, and the contact conduction is smooth and stable. The second-end electrical connection module is directly fitted onto the outside of the connecting pipe, making assembly simple and convenient. The modular combination facilitates disassembly, maintenance, and replacement of parts, resulting in high assembly efficiency.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the first end electrical connection component is installed on the first end mechanical coupler, and the second end electrical connection component is installed on the second end mechanical coupler. When the first end mechanical coupler and the second end mechanical coupler are coupled, the first end connector is inserted into the second end connector tube.

[0016] This device can be adapted and installed on mechanical couplers, and can be assembled and used with existing mechanical couplers. It can simultaneously realize the electrical connection between the two carriages during the mechanical coupler coupling process.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the first end connection assembly further includes a protective sleeve fitted over the outside of the first end connector, the protective sleeve being able to cover the first electrical contact; the outer diameter of the protective sleeve is larger than the diameter of the second end connection tube.

[0018] The device features a protective sleeve on the outside of the first connector, which under normal conditions completely covers the first electrical contact head, effectively isolating it from dust, rainwater, and impurities. This provides all-around protection for the electrical contact points, preventing oxidation and corrosion and ensuring stable conductivity. The outer diameter of the protective sleeve is larger than the diameter of the second connecting pipe. During connection and docking, it automatically retracts and opens under pressure from the pipe opening, smoothly exposing the electrical contact head to complete the connection and conduction.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, a limiting structure is provided on the outer wall of the first end connector; In the connected state, the side of the protective sleeve closest to the second end connecting tube is the first end, and the side opposite the first end is the second end. The second end of the protective sleeve cooperates with the limiting structure to restrict the movement of the protective sleeve from the second end to the first end.

[0020] This device uses the limiting structure on the outer wall of the connector to limit the travel distance of the protective sleeve, precisely restricting the backward movement of the protective sleeve. This ensures that there is sufficient avoidance during docking to prevent the insertion from being affected, and also prevents the protective sleeve from slipping excessively and causing misalignment or falling off.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, the first end connection component further includes an elastic element, which is fitted onto the outside of the first end connection component and located between the first end electrical connection module and the protective sleeve. This device incorporates an elastic element between the protective sleeve and the first-end electrical connection module. During insertion and connection, the protective sleeve is compressed and retracts, compressing the elastic element to store elasticity for the sleeve's reset. After the vehicle is uncoupled, the elastic element releases its own elastic potential energy, quickly pushing the protective sleeve forward to reset, ensuring it promptly covers the electrical contact head and automatically restores the protective state. The reset response is rapid and sensitive. Relying on the elastic element for unpowered autonomous reset eliminates the need for additional drive and control components, further simplifying the overall structure.

[0022] In some embodiments of this application, the first end connection component further includes a first end fixing seat, and / or the second end connection component further includes a second end fixing seat; The first fixing base forms a first through hole; the first end electrical connection module forms a second through hole and is installed on the first end fixing base, with the second through hole aligned with the first through hole; the first end connector is sequentially inserted through the second through hole and the first through hole; The second end fixing seat forms a third through hole, and the second end connecting pipe is inserted into the third through hole.

[0023] This device uses a first-end fixing base and a second-end fixing base as the mounting base, which can neatly position and install each functional component. The overall assembly structure is robust and not prone to loosening or displacement during operation, thus improving the overall structural stability of the device. The fixing base has corresponding through holes. The first-end connector is assembled by sequentially passing through the aligned through holes. The second-end connector is directly inserted into the through holes of the fixing base. The assembly alignment is precise, and the assembly process is simple and convenient, facilitating assembly.

[0024] In some embodiments of this application, the second end connection assembly further includes a second end fixing seat, an elastic reset member, and a protective plug, and the second end connection tube is connected to the second end fixing seat; The elastic reset member is disposed inside the second end connecting tube and is arranged along the length direction of the second end connecting tube. The port of the second end connecting tube is constricted so that the protective plug is restricted between the second end fixing seat and the port of the second end connecting tube. The protective plug is installed on the elastic reset member, and the length of the elastic reset member and the size of the protective plug are configured such that, in the unattached state, the protective plug closes the port of the second end connecting pipe.

[0025] This device adds an elastic reset component and a protective plug structure inside the second-end connection assembly. In the unconnected state, the protective plug completely seals the port of the second-end connection tube by relying on the pushing action of the elastic reset component, which can form an all-round sealed protection for the third electrical contact head, air passage and internal cavity inside the tube.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, the second end connection assembly further includes an adapter pipe, which is threadedly connected to the second end connection pipe and inserted into the third through hole.

[0027] This device features an adapter pipe for easy connection and adaptation. The adapter pipe and the second-end connecting pipe are connected by threads, facilitating easy disassembly and assembly, and enabling quick assembly and disassembly for maintenance, thus increasing assembly flexibility. The adapter pipe is directly inserted into the third through hole of the second-end fixing base, allowing for flexible adjustment of the extension length and docking position of the second-end connecting pipe to precisely match different installation spacings and assembly conditions.

[0028] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first end connector structure in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the first end connector in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second end connector structure in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the second end connector in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the second end connector in an embodiment of this application (protective plug in compressed state).

[0035] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the second end connector in an embodiment of this application (with the protective plug extended).

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first terminal electrical connection module structure in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gate structure in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the gate in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the second end connecting pipe structure in an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the alignment state of the first end connector and the second end connector in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the first end connector and the second end connector in the insertion state according to an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the first end connector and the second end connector in the insertion state according to an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the first and second end connectors in the insertion state according to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] In the above figures: 1. First end connector; 101. Settling tank; 102. First electrical contact; 103. Vent; 2. First end electrical connection module; 201. First electrical connector; 202. Second electrical contact; 203. Second through hole; 3. Second end connecting pipe; 301. Opening; 4. Second end electrical connection module; 401. Second electrical connector; 402. Third electrical contact; 5. Gate; 501. Gate seat; 502. Gate cavity; 503. Sealing plate; 504. Spring; 505. Gate; 6. Protective sleeve; 601. Sealing ring; 7. Elastic element; 8. First end fixing seat; 801. First through hole; 9. Second end fixing seat; 901. Third through hole; 10. Adaptor pipe; 11. Elastic reset element; 12. Protective plug; 13. Hoses; 14. Guide cover. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] The prefixes such as "first" and "second" used in this application embodiment are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not limit the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the described objects. The use of ordinal numbers and other prefixes used to distinguish descriptive objects in this application embodiment does not constitute a limitation on the described objects. The description of the described objects is given in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and should not constitute unnecessary restrictions due to the use of such prefixes. Furthermore, in the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; the term "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0048] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0049] In this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0050] The coupler buffer device is a core component for the coupling and uncoupling of rail vehicles. As an important part of the coupler buffer device, the electrical connector undertakes the core function of electrical signal transmission between vehicles. It is a core component to ensure the coordinated operation of multiple vehicles and stable signal interaction, and plays an irreplaceable role in the rail vehicle operation control system.

[0051] Currently, the electrical connectors used in train couplers in existing technologies have a single functional structure, with the vast majority only capable of transmitting electrical signals and unable to integrate other media transmission functions. To achieve synchronous operation between the electrical connector and the mechanical coupler, existing electrical connection systems are all equipped with independent pushing mechanisms and supporting control systems. The overall structure mainly consists of four parts: the electrical connection body, the power pushing component, the electric / pneumatic control system, and the external protective enclosure. The overall integration level is low and the structure is fragmented.

[0052] In terms of working principle and linkage mechanism, existing electrical connectors rely entirely on external power sources and pushing mechanisms to achieve automated coupling and decoupling. During vehicle coupling operations, the mechanical coupler is first precisely coupled and locked. Then, the control system receives a trigger signal, drives the pushing mechanism to close the electrical connector, and enables the transmission of electrical signals between the vehicles. During vehicle decoupling, the control system issues a control command, and the pushing mechanism reverses its reset motion, causing the electrical connector to disengage from the coupling state, thus disconnecting the electrical circuit. This ultimately achieves unmanned automated operation of the entire coupling and decoupling process. However, to match the precise pushing stroke of the pushing mechanism, the range of motion of existing electrical connectors during coupling and decoupling is strictly limited to a very small range, restricting their structural adaptability. Therefore, this type of electrical connector can only be used with close-fitting couplers, and its applicable vehicle models and coupler types are limited.

[0053] To address the above problems, this application proposes an electrical connection device.

[0054] It is mainly used in the scenario of coupler coupling of rail vehicles. The whole is composed of a first end connection component and a second end connection component that cooperate and dock with each other. When the vehicle completes the mechanical coupling action, the two sets of connection components simultaneously complete the precise insertion, and quickly realize the stable and reliable electrical signal connection and transmission between the two vehicles.

[0055] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first end connection component includes a first end connector 1 and a first end electrical connection module 2; the first end connector 1 is provided with a first electrical contact 102; the first end electrical connection module 2 is provided with a first electrical connector 201 and a second electrical contact 202; the first end connector 1 is connected to the first end electrical connection module 2, and the first electrical contact 102 is connected to the second electrical contact 202.

[0056] For example, the first end connector 1 can be rod-shaped or tubular, and a plurality of recesses 101 are provided on the outer wall of the first end connector 1, with the first electrical contact head 102 disposed in the recesses 101. The recesses 101 can extend along the length direction of the first end connector 1, and the plurality of recesses 101 are arranged along the outer circumferential direction of the first end connector 1.

[0057] For example, refer to Figure 7 The first-end electrical connection module 2 is square, forming an opening 301. A first electrical connector 201 is provided on its side wall, and a second electrical contact 202 is provided inside the opening 301. The number and position of the second electrical contacts 202 match the position and number of the first electrical contacts 102. The first-end connector 1 can be inserted into the opening 301 of the first-end electrical connection module 2, so that the first electrical contact 102 and the second electrical contact 202 make contact.

[0058] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The second-end connection assembly includes a second-end connection pipe 3 and a second-end electrical connection module 4. The diameter of the second-end connection pipe 3 is larger than the outer diameter of the first-end connection 1; the second-end electrical connection module 4 is provided with a second electrical connector 401 and a third electrical contact 402; the second-end connection pipe 3 is connected to the second-end electrical connection module 4.

[0059] For example, the second electrical connection module 4 is square, forming an opening 301, and a second electrical connector 401 is provided on its side wall. A third electrical contact 402 is provided in the opening 301, and the number and position of the third electrical contact 402 match the position and number of the first electrical contact 102.

[0060] When connected, the first end connector 1 is inserted into the second end connector 3, and the first electrical contact 102 is connected to the third electrical contact 402.

[0061] The device comprises a first-end electrical connection assembly installed on the first-end mechanical coupler and a second-end electrical connection assembly installed on the second-end mechanical coupler. When the first-end and second-end mechanical couplers are coupled, the first-end connector is inserted into the second-end connector. Furthermore, when the mechanical couplers on both sides are in place, the first-end and second-end electrical connection assemblies are also inserted, enabling electrical connection between the two carriages. This device can be adapted for installation on mechanical couplers and can be assembled and used with existing mechanical couplers, simultaneously achieving electrical connection between the two carriages during the coupling process.

[0062] During actual vehicle coupling operations, the first-end connector 1 is smoothly inserted into the second-end connector 3 along the docking guide, ensuring precise contact between the first electrical contact 102 embedded in the groove 101 and the third electrical contact 402 inside the second-end electrical connection module 4, thus completing the circuit connection between the two ends. Operators only need to connect the first electrical connector 201 and the second electrical connector 401 to the corresponding external control circuit and signal line of the vehicle, respectively. This device allows for the rapid establishment of a complete electrical transmission circuit between the two vehicles, smoothly achieving bidirectional and stable transmission of various electrical signals such as vehicle control signals, power supply, and communication data. The overall docking process is simple, the circuit conduction is stable, and it meets the requirements for automated coupling operations of rail vehicles.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, in order to achieve synchronous air circuit connection between the first end connection component and the second end connection component, an integrated air circuit connection structure is added on the basis of the original electrical connection structure to realize the integrated connection operation of circuit and air circuit.

[0064] The first end connector 1 is configured as a hollow tubular first end connector tube, which is provided with an air outlet 103 and an air inlet. The air outlet 103 is configured such that when the first end connector tube is inserted into the second end connector tube 3, the air outlet 103 is located inside the cavity of the second end connector tube 3.

[0065] For example, the air inlet and air outlet 103 are located at opposite ends along the length of the first connecting pipe. The air outlet 103 is located at the end closest to the second connecting assembly in the coupled state, while the air inlet is located at the opposite end. The air inlet can be connected to external air sources, pneumatic pipelines, and other air passage structures via the external hose 13 to achieve stable air supply.

[0066] The vent positions are precisely configured so that when the first connecting pipe is smoothly inserted into the second connecting pipe 3 to complete the connection, the vent 103 at the insertion end is completely contained within the cavity of the second connecting pipe 3, forming a sealed, interconnected space. External air enters the first connecting pipe through the air inlet and is then discharged outward through the vent 103 within the cavity. Gas communication is achieved through the sealed cavity formed by the two connecting pipes, successfully establishing a continuous air transport channel between the two components.

[0067] In some embodiments of this application, the second end connection assembly further includes a guide cover 14, which includes a large-diameter end and a small-diameter end. The small-diameter end is connected to the second end connection pipe 3, and an inclined guide surface is formed from the large-diameter end to the small-diameter end.

[0068] For example, the guide cover 14 is flared, with its smaller diameter end abutting the second connecting pipe 3. During connection, the two connecting parts move relative to each other. If the first connecting part 1 is not aligned with the opening of the second connecting pipe 3, the first connecting part 1 contacts the guide cover. Utilizing the guiding effect of the inclined guide surface, the first connecting pipe can be automatically corrected and aligned, gradually adjusting the docking angle and radial offset. This smoothly guides the first connecting pipe into the guide cover, ultimately allowing it to slide smoothly into the second connecting pipe 3 for precise insertion and alignment. This structure effectively expands the allowable deviation range for docking, reduces the difficulty of connection and alignment, and allows for automatic alignment without manual calibration.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the second end connection component further includes a gate 5, which is installed at the opening of the second end connection pipe 3 facing the first end connection component; the gate 5 can be driven open by the first end connection component to allow the first end connector 1 to be inserted into the second end connection pipe 3.

[0070] For example, refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9The specific structure of the gate 5 is as follows. The gate 5 includes a gate seat 501 with an opening in the middle. On both sides of the opening, the gate seat 501 forms a hollow gate cavity 502. A gate 505 is installed inside the gate cavity 502. Preferably, there are two gates 505, located in the gate cavities 502 on either side of the opening. The width of the gate 505 matches the width of the opening, and the width direction of the gate cavity 502 matches the width direction of the opening. The sum of the heights of the two gates 505 is greater than the height of the opening, allowing the gates 505 to be housed in the gate cavity 502 and to move into the opening without dislodging from it. The gate cavity 502 is closed by a sealing plate 503 along the opening on the outer wall of the gate seat 501. A spring 504 is provided between each gate and each closing plate 503. Under normal conditions, the return spring 504 is in a naturally extended state, which can push the two gates to close together and seal the opening of the second end connecting pipe 3.

[0071] When the vehicle performs the coupling action, as the first end connecting pipe gradually approaches and aligns with the joint gap between the two gate plates and continues to advance, the end of the first end connecting pipe presses against the two gate plates on both sides, applying an outward pushing force to the gate plates. This overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 504, causing the two gate plates to retract and slide into the gate plate cavities 502 on both sides respectively. The gate 5 then opens automatically, leaving unobstructed passage space, allowing the first end connecting pipe to smoothly extend into the second end connecting pipe 3 to complete the electrical and pneumatic connection.

[0072] Once the vehicle completes the uncoupling operation and the first connecting pipe is pulled out from the second connecting pipe 3, the gate loses its external pushing force. The return springs 504 on both sides, relying on their own elasticity, automatically push the two gates back to close and reset, re-sealing the pipe opening. This gate 5 can achieve autonomous opening and closing through a simple plug-in action, requiring no additional drive components or control circuitry. Its structure is simple and compact. When not connected, it effectively prevents dust, rainwater, and debris from entering the pipe; when connected, it does not obstruct the plug-in operation, balancing protective performance with the needs of docking.

[0073] In this embodiment of the application, in order to enable the first end connector 1 to smoothly push open the gate, the end of the first end connector 1 can be designed as tapered.

[0074] In some embodiments of this application, an opening 301 is provided along the wall of the second end connecting pipe 3; the second end electrical connection module 4 is fitted onto the second end connecting pipe 3, and the position and number of the opening 301 match the position and number of the third electrical contact 402, with the third electrical contact 402 aligned with the opening 301.

[0075] The third electrical contact 402 passes through the opening 301 from the outside in and extends into the cavity of the second end connecting tube 3, so that the contact end is in the mating area inside the tube. When the first end connector 1 is smoothly inserted into the second end connecting tube 3 to complete the alignment and insertion, the first electrical contact 102 embedded in the outer wall of the first end connector 1 moves to the corresponding position and precisely fits and abuts against the third electrical contact 402 that extends into the tube, so as to achieve stable electrical contact and conduction between the two.

[0076] This layout embeds the electrical contact points within the inner cavity of the connecting pipe, using the opening 301 in the pipe wall to connect the internal and external circuits. This not only results in a neat and compact layout without requiring additional external assembly space, but also utilizes the pipe structure to effectively protect the electrical contact points, reducing direct corrosion of the contacts by external moisture and dust, and preventing problems such as oxidation, short circuits, and poor contact.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the first end connection assembly further includes a protective sleeve 6 fitted over the outside of the first end connector 1. The protective sleeve 6 can cover the first electrical contact 102 and completely enclose and shield the first electrical contact 102 arranged on the outer wall of the first end connector 1, achieving all-round protection of the electrical contacts. The outer diameter of the protective sleeve 6 is larger than the diameter of the second end connection pipe 3.

[0078] To improve the protective effect, a sealing ring 601 can be provided on the inner wall of the protective sleeve 6. The sealing ring 601 is fitted into the gap between the protective sleeve 6 and the outer wall of the first end connector 1, and can fill the assembly gap between the protective sleeve 6 and the first end connector 1 to form an annular sealing protective structure.

[0079] When the connecting components at both ends are performing the connection and docking operation, the first end connector 1 is pushed into the second end connecting pipe 3. Because the outer diameter of the protective sleeve 6 is larger than the diameter of the second end connecting pipe 3, the end face of the protective sleeve 6 will abut against the end face of the pipe opening of the second end connecting pipe 3, and cannot be inserted into the pipe synchronously with the first end connector 1. At this time, the continuous insertion force causes the first end connector 1 to slide relative to the protective sleeve 6. The protective sleeve 6 is limited and stopped outside the pipe opening of the second end connecting pipe 3, automatically avoiding the exposed first electrical contact head 102 inside, so that the first electrical contact head 102 can pass smoothly through the opening 301 in the pipe wall of the second end connecting pipe 3 and accurately fit with the third electrical contact head 402 inside the pipe to conduct the circuit, without affecting the electrical docking and pneumatic connection operation.

[0080] When the vehicle is unwired and the first end connector 1 exits the second end connector 3, the protective sleeve 6 loses its pipe opening constraint and can automatically reset and slide to cover the first electrical contact 102 again, quickly restoring the protective state. This structure utilizes simple size limits to achieve adaptive opening and closing of the protective sleeve 6, without the need for additional drive and control structures.

[0081] In some embodiments of this application, the outer wall of the first end connector 1 is provided with a limiting structure to cooperate with the protective sleeve 6 to achieve travel limitation.

[0082] In the defined connected state, the side of the protective sleeve 6 closest to the second end connecting pipe 3 is the first end, and the side opposite to the first end is the second end. The second end of the protective sleeve 6 cooperates with the limiting structure to limit the movement of the protective sleeve 6 in the direction from the second end to the first end, so as to avoid excessive slippage, detachment or displacement of the protective sleeve 6 and ensure that the working position of the protective sleeve 6 is stable and reliable.

[0083] For example, the limiting structure is a stepped structure provided on the outer wall of the first end connector 1. A stepped structure is provided at a corresponding position at the second end of the protective sleeve 6, which can engage with the stepped structure of the first end connector 1 to restrict the movement of the protective sleeve 6 in one direction.

[0084] In addition to the stepped structure, the limiting structure can also adopt various limiting forms such as limiting rings, limiting protrusions, and limiting slots, all of which can achieve axial travel limiting constraints on the protective sleeve 6. The structure has strong adaptability and can be flexibly selected according to the actual assembly space and processing requirements, further improving the flexibility and versatility of the device structure design.

[0085] To enable the automatic return of the protective sleeve 6, in some embodiments of this application, the first end connecting component further includes an elastic element 7. The elastic element 7 is fitted onto the outside of the first end connecting component 1 and is located between the first end electrical connection module 2 and the protective sleeve 6. The elastic element 7 is integrally arranged at the axial gap between the first end electrical connection module 2 and the protective sleeve 6, forming a stable installation layout based on the two-end structure without occupying additional installation space.

[0086] In the normal, unconnected state, the elastic element 7 remains in its normal position, working with the limiting structure to maintain the protective sleeve 6 in its protective position. During vehicle coupling and docking, the protective sleeve 6 is pressed and limited by the opening of the second-end connecting pipe 3, causing it to slide and retreat relative to the first-end connecting piece 1. This squeezes the elastic element 7, causing it to undergo compressive deformation and store elastic potential energy. During this process, the elastic element 7 can effectively buffer the docking pressure and prevent structural hard impact and wear.

[0087] Once the vehicle is disassembled and the first end connector 1 is completely separated from the second end connector 3, the protective sleeve 6 is no longer constrained by the pipe opening. At this time, the elastic element 7 releases its stored elastic potential energy and axially pushes the protective sleeve 6 forward to slide and reset, so that the protective sleeve 6 can quickly and accurately return to its original position and re-cover the first electrical contact head 102, thus realizing the automated return action of the protective sleeve 6.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the first-end connecting assembly further includes a first-end fixing seat 8, and / or, the second-end connecting assembly further includes a second-end fixing seat 9. The first-end fixing seat 8 is used for supporting the first-end connecting assembly and for mounting it to the vehicle structure, while the second-end fixing seat 9 is used for supporting the second-end connecting assembly and for mounting it to the vehicle structure. Specifically, the first-end fixing seat 8 can be mounted on the first-end mechanical coupler, and the second-end fixing seat 9 can be mounted on the second-end mechanical coupler.

[0089] The first fixed base forms a first through hole 801; the first end electrical connection module 2 forms a second through hole 203 and is installed on the first end fixed base 8, with the second through hole 203 aligned with the first through hole 801; the first end connector 1 is sequentially inserted through the second through hole 203 and the first through hole 801; the second end fixed base 9 forms a third through hole 901, and the second end connecting tube 3 is inserted into the third through hole 901.

[0090] The first through hole 801 and the third through hole 901 can be connected to the hose 13 respectively to assist the air flow between the two end connection components.

[0091] During assembly, the first-end electrical connection module 2 is first fixedly installed in the preset installation position of the first-end fixing base 8, ensuring that the second through hole 203 and the first through hole 801 are coaxially aligned and connected, forming a regular axial assembly channel. Then, the first-end connector 1 is inserted sequentially from front to back into the second through hole 203 and the first through hole 801. Relying on the coaxial positioning of the two through holes, the verticality and coaxiality of the first-end connector 1 are ensured, effectively preventing the connector from tilting or swaying, and improving the overall assembly accuracy and structural stability.

[0092] In some embodiments of this application, both the first-end connecting assembly and the second-end connecting assembly further include an adapter pipe 10, with the adapter pipes 10 at both ends respectively disposed in the through holes of the corresponding side fixing seats. The adapter pipe 10 of the first-end connecting assembly is threadedly connected to the first-end connector, and the adapter pipe 10 of the second-end connecting assembly is threadedly connected to the second-end connecting pipe 3. The adapter pipe 10 is inserted into the third through hole 901. The threaded connection method is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and provides reliable locking, ensuring that the connection position of the air circuit and the electrical circuit is constant and not easily loosened or offset.

[0093] Taking the second-end connecting component as an example, during assembly, the adapter pipe 10 and the second-end connecting pipe 3 are tightened together with threads to form an integrated pipe assembly. Then, the assembled adapter pipe 10 is inserted and positioned inside the third through hole 901 of the second-end fixing seat 9, realizing the integrated assembly of the second-end connecting pipe 3 and the second-end fixing seat 9. Through the transition adaptation of the adapter pipe 10, the mounting hole diameter of the second-end fixing seat 9 and the vehicle body mounting reference can be flexibly matched. At the same time, the extension length and docking position of the second-end connecting pipe 3 can be finely adjusted to ensure accurate, smooth and reliable subsequent insertion and alignment with the first-end connecting component 1.

[0094] In some embodiments of this application, an elastic reset member 11 and a protective plug 12 are provided inside the transfer tube 10.

[0095] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The elastic reset member 11 is disposed inside the second end connecting pipe 3 and is disposed along the length direction of the second end connecting pipe 3. The port of the second end connecting pipe 3 is constricted so that the protective plug 12 is restricted between the second end fixing seat 9 and the port of the second end connecting pipe 3. The protective plug 12 is mounted on the elastic reset member 11. The length of the elastic reset member 11 and the size of the protective plug 12 are configured such that, in the unattached state, the protective plug 12 closes the port of the second end connecting pipe 2.

[0096] In the single-hook state, the elastic reset member 11 pushes the protective plug 12 to the pipe opening, achieving a sealing protection. In the connected state, the first end connector 1 extends into the second end connector 3 and the adapter pipe 10, squeezing the protective plug 12 and the elastic reset member 11. The protective plug 12 forms a through hole to avoid affecting the airflow between the electrical connection components at both ends.

[0097] Figures 11 to 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the alignment and connection process of the first end connector and the second end connector as proposed in the embodiments of this application.

[0098] The adaptive electrical connection device proposed in this application can be used on rail vehicles, mounted on the coupler, and serves as a core integrated electrical and pneumatic connection component for rail vehicle coupling operations. The device automatically connects and inserts itself synchronously with the coupler coupling action, eliminating the need for separate manual alignment, wiring, and pipeline connection. It can simultaneously connect the electrical signals, power supply circuits, and pneumatic pipelines between the two vehicles during coupling, adapting to the frequent coupling and decoupling operations of rail vehicles. The device has a compact overall structure, excellent protection performance, high fault tolerance in connection, and reliable linkage action. It can adapt to vibrations and bumps during vehicle operation, as well as complex and harsh conditions such as outdoor rain, snow, and dust storms, effectively meeting the usage requirements of electrical communication, control power supply, and pneumatic pipeline linkage transmission for rail transit vehicle coupling. It exhibits strong versatility and environmental adaptability.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules, units, and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrical connection device, characterized in that Includes a first-end connection component and a second-end connection component; The first end connection component includes a first end connector and a first end electrical connection module; The first end connector is provided with a first electrical contact; the first end electrical connection module is provided with a first electrical connector and a second electrical contact; the first end connector is connected to the first end electrical connection module, and the first electrical contact is connected to the second electrical contact; The second-end connection component includes a second-end connection tube and a second-end electrical connection module; The diameter of the second end connecting pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the first end connector; the second end electrical connection module is provided with a second electrical connector and a third electrical contact; the second end connecting pipe is connected to the second end electrical connection module; When connected, the first end connector is inserted into the second end connector tube, and the first electrical contact is connected to the third electrical contact.

2. The electrical connection device of claim 1, wherein, The first end connector is a first end connecting pipe, and the first end connecting pipe is provided with an air outlet and an air inlet; The vent is positioned such that when the first end connecting pipe is inserted into the second end connecting pipe, the vent is located inside the cavity of the second end connecting pipe.

3. The electrical connection device of claim 1, wherein, The second end connection assembly further includes a guide cover, which includes a large-diameter end and a small-diameter end. The small-diameter end is connected to the second end connection pipe, and an inclined guide surface is formed from the large-diameter end to the small-diameter end.

4. The electrical connection device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The second end connection component further includes a gate, which is installed at the opening of the second end connection pipe facing the first end connection component; the gate can be driven open by the first end connection component to allow the first end connector to be inserted into the second end connection pipe.

5. The electrical connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first end electrical connection component is installed on the first end mechanical coupler, and the second end electrical connection component is installed on the second end mechanical coupler. When the first end mechanical coupler and the second end mechanical coupler are coupled, the first end connector is inserted into the second end connector tube.

6. The electrical connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first end connection assembly also includes a protective sleeve fitted on the outside of the first end connector, the protective sleeve being able to cover the first electrical contact head; the outer diameter of the protective sleeve is larger than the diameter of the second end connection tube.

7. The electrical connection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer wall of the first end connector is provided with a limit structure; In the connected state, the side of the protective sleeve closest to the second end connecting tube is the first end, and the side opposite the first end is the second end. The second end of the protective sleeve cooperates with the limiting structure to restrict the movement of the protective sleeve from the second end to the first end.

8. The electrical connection device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The first end connection component further includes an elastic element, which is disposed between the first end electrical connection module and the protective sleeve.

9. The electrical connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first end connection component further includes a first end fixing seat, and / or the second end connection component further includes a second end fixing seat; The first fixing base forms a first through hole; the first end electrical connection module forms a second through hole and is installed on the first end fixing base, with the second through hole aligned with the first through hole; the first end connector is sequentially inserted through the second through hole and the first through hole; The second end fixing seat forms a third through hole, and the second end connecting pipe is inserted into the third through hole.

10. The electrical connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second end connection assembly also includes a second end fixing seat, an elastic reset member, and a protective plug, and the second end connection tube is connected to the second end fixing seat; The elastic reset member is disposed inside the second end connecting tube and is arranged along the length direction of the second end connecting tube. The port of the second end connecting tube is constricted so that the protective plug is restricted between the second end fixing seat and the port of the second end connecting tube. The protective plug is installed on the elastic reset member, and the length of the elastic reset member and the size of the protective plug are configured such that, in the unattached state, the protective plug closes the port of the second end connecting pipe.

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