An explosion-proof high-low voltage switch cabinet shell structure with a rapid pressure relief channel

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power equipment safety protection technology, specifically to an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel. The structure includes a support assembly and a pressure relief assembly. The support assembly has a top fire extinguishing structure containing fire extinguishing material, which is released by controlling the release of the material using a flexible membrane and adjustable-gap needles. The pressure relief assembly includes primary and secondary pressure relief devices, each corresponding to different pressure thresholds for graded pressure relief. When the pressure reaches a high-risk value, the needles puncture the flexible membrane to release the fire extinguishing material, while the two-stage pressure relief devices work together to guide the discharged gas into a filter for purification. This application achieves the linkage between graded, precise pressure relief and automatic fire extinguishing, effectively preventing the fire extinguishing material from spreading with the airflow, and improving equipment safety and environmental adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment safety protection technology, and in particular to an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel. Background Technology

[0002] High and low voltage switchgear is a key piece of equipment in power systems used for power distribution, control, and protection, and is widely used in substations, industrial and mining enterprises, and various power distribution networks. During normal operation, arcing faults may occur inside the switchgear due to insulation aging, operational overvoltage, or intrusion of foreign objects, causing a rapid increase in internal temperature and the generation of a large amount of high-temperature gas, leading to a rapid rise in internal pressure. Existing explosion-proof switchgear typically has a mechanical pressure relief device on the top or side of the cabinet. When the internal pressure exceeds a set threshold, air pressure pushes open the cover or ruptures weak points, expelling the high-temperature, high-pressure gas outside the cabinet to prevent explosion and deformation. Some advanced solutions also place fire extinguishing media near the pressure relief channel to attempt to suppress the spread of fire while relieving pressure.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, traditional pressure relief and fire extinguishing linkage mechanisms often lack graded response capabilities. They are difficult to safely relieve pressure during the initial pressure rise stage and only release fire extinguishing materials during the stage of rapid pressure increase. This can easily lead to the accidental spraying and loss of fire extinguishing materials in non-fire conditions, or in the event of a serious malfunction, they cannot effectively prevent the fire extinguishing materials from spreading to the surrounding environment with the high-speed airflow, causing secondary pollution or reduced fire extinguishing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel, which solves the problems of traditional high and low voltage switchgear failing to release pressure and automatically extinguish fire in time when an internal arc fault or local fire occurs, as well as the easy spread of fire extinguishing materials.

[0005] This application provides an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel, including a support assembly and a pressure relief assembly. The support assembly includes the switchgear, a door panel, and a top fire extinguishing structure. The door panel is rotatably connected to the switchgear and is located on one side of the switchgear. The top fire extinguishing structure includes a support frame, a flexible membrane, multiple spikes, and an adjusting component. The support frame is disposed inside the switchgear, the flexible membrane is disposed below the support frame, and the multiple spikes are disposed on the support frame via the adjusting component. The adjusting component is used to adjust the spacing between the spikes and the flexible membrane. When the pressure inside the switchgear increases... The flexible membrane expands under pressure towards the needle, and fire extinguishing material is placed inside the support frame. The pressure relief assembly includes a primary pressure relief device and a secondary pressure relief device. The primary pressure relief device is located on the top of the switchgear, and the secondary pressure relief device is located on one side of the primary pressure relief device. When the pressure inside the switchgear reaches the first preset value but does not reach the second preset value, the pressure is relieved through the primary pressure relief device, and the needle does not puncture the flexible membrane. When the pressure inside the switchgear reaches the second preset value, the needle punctures the flexible membrane, extinguishing the fire in the switchgear through the fire extinguishing material, and the pressure is relieved through the secondary pressure relief device and the primary pressure relief device.

[0006] The adjusting components include a support rod and a threaded sleeve. The support rod is fixed to the support frame, and the threaded sleeve is threadedly connected to the support rod and fixedly connected to the needle.

[0007] The first-stage pressure relief device includes a first pressure relief pipe, a first spring, and a sliding ball. The first pressure relief pipe is fixed to the top of the switch cabinet, and the first spring is disposed inside the first pressure relief pipe to press the sliding ball against the inner step of the first pressure relief pipe to seal the first pressure relief pipe.

[0008] The secondary pressure relief device includes a sliding plate, a second spring, a second pressure relief pipe, a filter, and a locking device. The sliding plate is slidably disposed outside the pressure relief port of the switchgear to block or open the pressure relief port. The second spring is disposed between the sliding plate and the switchgear. The second pressure relief pipe is fixed to the sliding plate. The filter is disposed inside the second pressure relief pipe. The locking device is used to limit the sliding plate after it is opened.

[0009] The locking device includes a triangular block, a third spring, and a reset plate. The triangular block is slidably mounted on one side of the sliding plate. The third spring supports the triangular block so that it engages with the corresponding slot in the sliding plate when the sliding plate is fully open. The reset plate is used to disengage the triangular block from the slot and reset it.

[0010] The secondary pressure relief device also includes a push rod and a transfer pipe. The transfer pipe is slidably disposed on one side of the first pressure relief pipe. The push rod is fixedly connected to the sliding plate. When the sliding plate moves up and opens, the push rod moves up and pushes the transfer pipe to slide, so that the transfer pipe connects with the first pressure relief pipe and guides the gas discharged from the first pressure relief pipe into the filter.

[0011] The filter includes a filter box, a connector, a filter unit, and a mounting base. The connector is fixed to the filter box and connected to the adapter pipe. The filter unit is located inside the filter box, and the mounting base is located at the bottom of the filter box and connected to the switch cabinet.

[0012] The support assembly also includes a clamping mechanism for detaching and connecting with the mounting base.

[0013] The clamping mechanism includes two clamping plates, a screw, and a drive motor. The screw has two opposite threads. The two clamping plates are slidably disposed on both sides of the mounting base. The screw is threadedly connected to the two clamping plates, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the screw.

[0014] The clamping plate has a wedge-shaped surface, and the mounting base has a corresponding inclined surface that mates with the wedge-shaped surface. The wedge-shaped surface is used to contact the inclined surface to provide lateral and longitudinal pressure.

[0015] This application provides an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel. This solution constructs a composite protection system including support components and pressure relief components. Utilizing pre-stored extinguishing material within the support frame of the top fire extinguishing structure, a flexible membrane located below it, and adjustable-spaced spikes, combined with a graded pressure relief mechanism, precise safety protection is achieved. When the pressure inside the switchgear rises but does not reach the critical danger point, the flexible membrane expands under pressure but does not touch the spikes. At this time, only the primary pressure relief device is activated to relieve pressure, preventing accidental release of the extinguishing material. As the pressure further climbs to a second preset value, the flexible membrane fully expands and is punctured by the spikes, instantly releasing the extinguishing material to extinguish the fire. Simultaneously, the secondary pressure relief device is triggered to work in conjunction with the primary pressure relief device to meet the high-flow exhaust demand. During this process, the adjustment mechanism allows for flexible calibration of the distance between the needle and the flexible membrane according to actual working conditions, ensuring the accuracy of the action threshold. Furthermore, the introduction of a filter in the secondary pressure relief unit and its linkage design with the primary pressure relief unit ensure that all discharged gas is filtered, whether during initial pressure relief in the low-pressure stage or emergency discharge in the high-pressure stage. This effectively solves the problem of environmental pollution and waste caused by the diffusion of extinguishing materials with the airflow. Therefore, it avoids the risk of control failure or secondary disasters under extreme conditions associated with traditional single pressure relief modes, significantly improving the operational stability, fire extinguishing reliability, and environmental friendliness of the switchgear under arc faults, providing systematic safety assurance for power facilities. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the housing structure of an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear with a rapid pressure relief channel provided in this application;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the right side structure of an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing with a rapid pressure relief channel provided in this application;

[0019] Figure 3 A cross-sectional structural diagram of an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing with a rapid pressure relief channel provided for this application;

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of detail A.

[0021] Figure Labels

[0022] 1-Switch cabinet; 2-Door panel; 3-Support frame; 4-Flexible membrane; 5-Needle; 6-Support rod; 7-Threaded sleeve; 8-First pressure relief pipe; 9-First spring; 10-Sliding ball; 11-Sliding plate; 12-Second spring; 13-Second pressure relief pipe; 15-Locker; 16-Triangular block; 17-Third spring; 18-Reset plate; 19-Push rod; 20-Adapter pipe; 21-Filter box; 22-Connector; 23-Filter unit; 24-Mounting base; 25-Clamping mechanism; 26-Clamping plate; 27-Screw; 28-Drive motor. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] First embodiment:

[0025] During the operation of high and low voltage switchgear, internal electrical components may experience arcing faults due to short circuits, overloads, or insulation aging, leading to localized high temperatures or even fires. As the temperature rises and the gas expands, the internal pressure of switchgear 1 increases rapidly. If pressure is not released in a timely and effective manner, the cabinet can easily explode, causing serious equipment damage and personal injury. Existing switchgear 1 enclosure structures typically only have a single pressure relief port or a simple explosion-proof membrane, lacking a graded response mechanism for different pressure levels. Furthermore, it is difficult to achieve automatic fire extinguishing while releasing pressure, allowing the fire to easily spread with the pressure relief airflow and making it impossible to effectively control the scope of the accident.

[0026] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel. The aim is to achieve automatic triggering of different levels of pressure relief and fire extinguishing actions based on changes in internal pressure by constructing a composite system in which support components and pressure relief components work together.

[0027] Based on the above issues, please refer to Figures 1-4This application provides an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear 1 housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel, including a support assembly and a pressure relief assembly. The support assembly includes the switchgear 1, a door panel 2, and a top fire extinguishing structure. The door panel 2 is rotatably connected to the switchgear 1 and is located on one side of the switchgear 1. The top fire extinguishing structure includes a support frame 3, a flexible membrane 4, multiple spikes 5, and an adjusting component. The support frame 3 is disposed inside the switchgear 1, the flexible membrane 4 is disposed below the support frame 3, and the multiple spikes 5 are disposed on the support frame 3 via the adjusting component. The adjusting component is used to adjust the distance between the spikes 5 and the flexible membrane 4. When the internal pressure of the switchgear 1... When the pressure increases, the flexible membrane 4 expands under pressure towards the needle 5, and fire extinguishing material is installed inside the support frame 3; the pressure relief assembly includes a primary pressure relief device and a secondary pressure relief device. The primary pressure relief device is installed on the top of the switch cabinet 1, and the secondary pressure relief device is installed on one side of the primary pressure relief device. When the pressure inside the switch cabinet 1 reaches the first preset value but does not reach the second preset value, the pressure is relieved through the primary pressure relief device, and the needle 5 does not puncture the flexible membrane 4; when the pressure inside the switch cabinet 1 reaches the second preset value, the needle 5 punctures the flexible membrane 4 and extinguishes the fire in the switch cabinet 1 through the fire extinguishing material, and the pressure is relieved through the secondary pressure relief device and the primary pressure relief device.

[0028] The core innovation of this application lies in the construction of a pressure relief and fire extinguishing linkage mechanism based on pressure graded response. By dividing the pressure relief process into two stages and utilizing the cooperation of a flexible membrane 4 and adjustable-gap needles 5, an intelligent control logic is achieved that ensures safety during low-pressure relief and adds fire extinguishing during high-pressure relief. This design avoids overreaction during slight overpressure (such as accidental spraying of extinguishing agents) and ensures dual protection (pressure relief + fire extinguishing) under extreme conditions.

[0029] The working process and principle of this application are as follows: Under normal operating conditions, the internal pressure of switchgear 1 is balanced, the flexible membrane 4 remains flat, and there is a certain gap between the needle 5 and the flexible membrane 4. Both the primary and secondary pressure relief devices are in the closed state. When a fault occurs inside switchgear 1, causing the pressure to rise and reach the first preset value, the primary pressure relief device overcomes its own resistance (such as spring force or gravity) and opens, releasing some gas. At this time, the pressure is insufficient to cause the flexible membrane 4 to expand to contact the needle 5, so the fire extinguishing material remains sealed. If the fault worsens, the internal pressure continues to rise to the second preset value. The flexible membrane 4 expands significantly under pressure and contacts the needle 5. The needle 5 punctures the flexible membrane 4, releasing the fire extinguishing material in the support frame 3 and extinguishing the fire source. At the same time, the high-pressure gas triggers the secondary pressure relief device to open, forming a large-flow pressure relief channel together with the primary pressure relief device, rapidly reducing the pressure inside the cabinet and preventing an explosion.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: Assume that switchgear 1 is used in an outdoor substation and is equipped with a high-voltage circuit breaker. One day, a lightning strike causes internal insulation breakdown, generating an electric arc. The temperature inside the cabinet rises sharply, and the gas expands rapidly. Initially, the pressure rises to 0.05 MPa (first preset value), and the first-stage pressure relief valve automatically opens to release hot gas. At this time, the flexible diaphragm 4 bulges slightly but does not touch the needles 5. Subsequently, the electric arc ignites the surrounding components, and the pressure soars to 0.15 MPa (second preset value). The flexible diaphragm 4 expands violently and touches the needles 5 at a pre-set distance, instantly puncturing them. The ultrafine dry powder extinguishing agent in the support frame 3 is sprayed out, covering the arc area to extinguish the fire. At the same time, the second-stage pressure relief valve fully opens under the high-pressure impact, working with the first-stage pressure relief valve to quickly discharge the high-temperature smoke to the outside, preventing the cabinet from exploding and the fire from spreading.

[0031] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following beneficial effects: Due to the graded design of the primary and secondary pressure relief devices, the system can eliminate hidden dangers by simply releasing pressure under low pressure, avoiding waste of fire extinguishing materials and pollution of equipment; Due to the combination of adjustable-gap needles 5 and flexible membranes 4, the pressure threshold for fire extinguishing can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, improving the adaptability and reliability of the device; Due to the activation of the secondary pressure relief device for coordinated pressure relief while triggering fire extinguishing under high pressure, the problem of cabinet explosion caused by poor pressure relief during fire extinguishing in traditional devices is effectively solved, significantly improving the safety of high and low voltage switchgear 1 under extreme fault conditions.

[0032] Furthermore, the adjusting components include a support rod 6 and a threaded sleeve 7. The support rod 6 is fixed to the support frame 3, and the threaded sleeve 7 is threadedly connected to the support rod 6 and fixedly connected to the needle 5.

[0033] During equipment installation or maintenance, operators rotate the threaded sleeve 7 according to the safe operating pressure range of switchgear 1. The threaded sleeve 7 moves up and down along the fixed support rod 6, causing the needles 5 fixed to it to move closer to or away from the flexible membrane 4. After setting the target spacing, the position of the threaded sleeve 7 is locked (using the self-locking characteristic of the threaded pair or adding an additional locking nut). When a fault occurs inside switchgear 1 causing a sharp rise in pressure, the flexible membrane 4 expands and bulges into the support frame 3. If the pressure does not reach the second preset value, the expansion of the flexible membrane 4 is insufficient to contact the needles 5, and only the first-stage pressure relief device provides initial pressure relief. If the pressure continues to rise and reaches the second preset value, the expansion of the flexible membrane 4 touches and squeezes the needles 5. Since the position of the needles 5 has been fixed by the adjusting component, the sharp needles 5 pierce the flexible membrane 4, releasing the fire extinguishing material in the support frame 3 for fire extinguishing. At the same time, the second-stage pressure relief device opens to provide coordinated pressure relief. Throughout the process, the adjusting component converts the rotational motion into linear displacement through mechanical thread transmission, precisely controlling the pressure threshold triggered by the fire extinguishing action.

[0034] Furthermore, the first-stage pressure relief device includes a first pressure relief pipe 8, a first spring 9, and a sliding ball 10. The first pressure relief pipe 8 is fixed to the top of the switch cabinet 1, and the first spring 9 is disposed inside the first pressure relief pipe 8 to press the sliding ball 10 against the inner step of the first pressure relief pipe 8 to close the first pressure relief pipe 8.

[0035] When switchgear 1 is operating normally or the pressure has not reached the first preset value, the first spring 9 is in a compressed or naturally extended state (depending on the installation preload). The elastic force it generates is greater than or equal to the force exerted by the gas inside the cabinet on the sliding ball 10, forcing the sliding ball 10 to fit tightly against the inner step surface of the first pressure relief pipe 8. At this time, the first-stage pressure relief device is in the closed state, ensuring the airtightness of switchgear 1. When the gas inside switchgear 1 expands due to heat generated by a fault, and the pressure rises to the first preset value (which is lower than the second preset value that triggers the fire extinguishing mechanism), the airflow pressure acts on the surface of the sliding ball 10. When this force is greater than the set elastic force of the first spring 9, the sliding ball 10 overcomes the spring resistance and slides away from the inner step. The channel of the first pressure relief pipe 8 is opened, and the high-pressure gas is quickly discharged through the first pressure relief pipe 8, causing the pressure inside the cabinet to drop rapidly. As the gas is discharged, the pressure inside the cabinet decreases. When the pressure drops below the first preset value, the elastic force of the first spring 9 regains dominance, pushing the sliding ball 10 to reset and re-seal the inner step, completing one automatic opening and closing cycle.

[0036] Furthermore, the secondary pressure relief device includes a sliding plate 11, a second spring 12, a second pressure relief pipe 13, a filter, and a locking device 15. The sliding plate 11 is slidably disposed outside the pressure relief port of the switch cabinet 1 for sealing or opening the pressure relief port. The second spring 12 is disposed between the sliding plate 11 and the switch cabinet 1. The second pressure relief pipe 13 is fixed to the sliding plate 11. The filter is disposed inside the second pressure relief pipe 13. The locking device 15 is used to limit the sliding plate 11 after it is opened.

[0037] A filter refers to a filtration assembly installed inside the second pressure relief pipe 13 to intercept solid particles, dust, or fire extinguishing material residue. The filter's structural form can be a metal wire mesh, a porous sintered plate, fiber felt, or a honeycomb filter element, etc. Its filtration precision is adjusted according to the size of the particles to be intercepted; for example, it can be a coarse filter to block large fragments, or a fine filter to prevent the diffusion of fine dust. This application embodiment does not impose any special limitations on this. The filter's functional positioning in the technical solution is as an environmental and safety barrier. When fire extinguishing material is released inside the switch cabinet 1 due to the needle 5 puncturing the flexible membrane 4, the fire extinguishing material particles carried by the high-speed airflow are intercepted by the filter, preventing them from diffusing into the external environment with the pressure relief airflow and causing pollution or waste. This achieves the synergistic effect of pressure relief and diffusion prevention.

[0038] The locking device 15 is used to mechanically limit the sliding plate 11 after it has opened to the correct position, preventing it from accidentally falling back and closing due to pressure fluctuations or vibration. The locking device 15 can be implemented in various ways, such as a snap-fit ​​structure, a pin structure, or a friction self-locking structure. Its trigger condition is that the sliding plate 11 moves to a specific stroke position. In the linkage, when the sliding plate 11 fully opens the pressure relief port under air pressure, the locking device 15 automatically engages with the corresponding part of the sliding plate 11, locking the sliding plate 11 in the open state. This ensures the pressure relief channel remains unobstructed until manual intervention is required to reset it, thus guaranteeing the reliability of pressure relief under extreme high-pressure conditions.

[0039] Specifically, when the internal pressure of switchgear 1 rises sharply and reaches the second preset value (which is higher than the opening pressure of the first-stage pressure relief device), the air pressure acting on the inner side of the sliding plate 11 overcomes the preload of the second spring 12, pushing the sliding plate 11 to slide outward along the guide direction, thereby opening the pressure relief port. As the sliding plate 11 moves, the second pressure relief pipe 13 fixed on it also moves, allowing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas inside the switchgear 1 to be quickly discharged through the second pressure relief pipe 13. During this process, if there are fire extinguishing material particles or combustion products generated by the fire extinguishing action inside the cabinet, the airflow will be intercepted and purified by the built-in filter when passing through the second pressure relief pipe 13, and only clean or semi-clean gas will be discharged. When the sliding plate 11 moves to the maximum stroke or the predetermined opening position, the locking device 15 immediately activates and locks the sliding plate 11 in that position. Even if the pressure inside the cabinet subsequently decreases, the sliding plate 11 will not spring back and close, thus maintaining the continuous open state of the large-diameter pressure relief channel until the fault is cleared and the locking is manually released.

[0040] Furthermore, the locking device 15 includes a triangular block 16, a third spring 17, and a reset plate 18. The triangular block 16 is slidably disposed on one side of the sliding plate 11. The third spring 17 is used to support the triangular block 16 so that the triangular block 16 is engaged in the corresponding slot of the sliding plate 11 when the sliding plate 11 is opened to the position. The reset plate 18 is used to drive the triangular block 16 out of the slot and reset.

[0041] When the internal pressure of switchgear 1 rises sharply to the second preset value, the secondary pressure relief device is activated. Under the action of air pressure, the sliding plate 11 overcomes the resistance of the second spring 12 and slides upward to open the pressure relief port. As the sliding plate 11 moves upward, the slot on its side gradually moves to the position aligned with the triangular block 16. At this time, under the continuous support of the third spring 17, the triangular block 16 automatically slides into the slot, forming a mechanical interlock, fixing the sliding plate 11 in the fully open position, preventing it from blocking the pressure relief channel due to pressure fluctuations or its own gravity. When the accident is resolved and equipment reset is required, the operator acts on the reset plate 18. The reset plate 18 drives the triangular block 16 to move in the opposite direction and compresses the third spring 17, causing the triangular block 16 to exit the slot, releasing the lock on the sliding plate 11. The sliding plate 11 then falls back to close the pressure relief port under the action of the reset spring or gravity.

[0042] Furthermore, the secondary pressure relief device also includes a push rod 19 and a transfer pipe 20. The transfer pipe 20 is slidably disposed on one side of the first pressure relief pipe 8. The push rod 19 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 11. When the sliding plate 11 moves upward and opens, the push rod 19 moves upward and pushes the transfer pipe 20 to slide, so that the transfer pipe 20 is connected to the first pressure relief pipe 8 and the gas discharged from the first pressure relief pipe 8 is introduced into the filter.

[0043] The push rod 19 is a rigid connecting component, made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or high-strength engineering plastic, depending on the specific requirements. One end of the push rod 19 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 11, and the other end is in contact with or connected to the adapter pipe 20. Its function is to act as a mechanical linkage medium, transmitting the linear displacement of the sliding plate 11 to the adapter pipe 20. In the overall technical solution, the push rod 19 and the sliding plate 11 form a rigid connection. When the sliding plate 11 moves upward due to internal pressure, overcoming the resistance of the second spring 12 to open the pressure relief port, the push rod 19 simultaneously generates an upward displacement, thereby pushing the adapter pipe 20 to slide, realizing the switching and connection of the air passage.

[0044] The adapter pipe 20 refers to a tubular structure used to guide airflow. Its shape is a bend or a shaped pipe with a specific interface, such as a cylindrical pipe or a square pipe; this embodiment does not impose any particular limitation. The adapter pipe 20 is slidably disposed on one side of the first pressure relief pipe 8, initially separated from it. The function of the adapter pipe 20 is to construct an airflow channel between the first pressure relief pipe 8 and the filter. When the push rod 19 pushes the adapter pipe 20 to slide, the end of the adapter pipe 20 connects with the outlet end of the first pressure relief pipe 8, forming a sealed or semi-sealed connection. This allows the airflow containing fire extinguishing material particles or high-temperature gas discharged from the first pressure relief pipe 8 to be guided into the filter for purification, preventing the fire extinguishing material from directly diffusing into the external environment.

[0045] Specifically, the working process and principle of this application are as follows: When the internal pressure of the switchgear 1 rises sharply to the second preset value, the sliding plate 11 moves upward under the action of air pressure, overcoming the elastic force of the second spring 12, thus opening the secondary pressure relief channel. During this process, the push rod 19 fixed on the sliding plate 11 moves upward synchronously with the sliding plate 11. The upward movement of the push rod 19 drives the adapter pipe 20, which cooperates with it, to slide along the preset guide rail or slide groove. After the adapter pipe 20 slides to the designated position, its interface end is precisely connected to the outlet end of the first pressure relief pipe 8 located at the top of the switchgear 1. At this time, the primary pressure relief airflow that might have been directly discharged from the first pressure relief pipe 8 is intercepted by the adapter pipe 20 and guided to the filter inlet. The airflow then passes through the filter unit 23 in the filter, where fire extinguishing material particles, dust, or harmful substances are intercepted, and clean gas is finally discharged. This process is achieved entirely by the linkage of the mechanical structure, without the need for additional electrical control components, ensuring reliability under extreme working conditions.

[0046] Furthermore, the filter includes a filter box 21, a connector 22, a filter unit 23, and a mounting base 24. The connector 22 is fixed to the filter box 21 and connected to the adapter pipe 20. The filter unit 23 is disposed inside the filter box 21. The mounting base 24 is disposed at the bottom of the filter box 21 and connected to the switch cabinet 1.

[0047] The filter box 21 refers to a container structure used to contain the filter medium and provide a gas flow cavity. Its shape is set according to the actual situation, such as cylindrical, cuboid, or other irregular shapes. This application embodiment does not make any special limitation on this. In this application, the filter box 21 serves as the main frame of the filter. One end of it is connected to the previous stage component (i.e., the adapter pipe 20) through the connector 22 to achieve gas path connection. The other end or side wall is provided with an exhaust channel. The internal space is used to carry the filter unit 23. The filter box 21 and the connector 22 are fixed by welding, threaded connection, or flange sealing connection to ensure that no leakage occurs under high pressure gas impact.

[0048] The filter unit 23 refers to the component installed inside the filter box 21 for purifying the airflow. The specific composition of the filter unit 23 is selected according to the type of impurities to be filtered, such as a metal filter screen, ceramic filter element, activated carbon adsorption layer, or multi-layer composite filter cotton, etc. This application embodiment does not impose any special limitations on this. In this application, the filter unit 23 is located in the path of the gas flow. When the high-speed airflow from the transfer pipe 20 enters the filter box 21, it must pass through the filter unit 23. Solid particles, fire extinguishing material dust, or combustion products are intercepted or adsorbed, while clean gas is discharged after passing through the filter unit 23, thereby preventing the fire extinguishing material from spreading to the external environment or damaging subsequent equipment. The filter unit 23 and the filter box 21 are detachably connected for easy periodic replacement or cleaning.

[0049] When the pressure inside switchgear 1 reaches the second preset value, the needle 5 punctures the flexible membrane 4 to release the extinguishing material and perform secondary pressure relief. Part of the mixed gas is discharged through the first pressure relief pipe 8. The high-pressure airflow enters the filter box 21 through the transfer pipe 20, flows through the filter unit 23 inside the filter box 21, and impurities such as extinguishing material powder and combustion residue in the airflow are intercepted by the filter unit 23. The purified gas is discharged from the outlet of the filter box 21. Throughout this process, the mounting base 24 firmly supports the filter box 21 on the switchgear 1, resisting vibrations caused by airflow impact and ensuring the stability and safety of the filtration process.

[0050] Furthermore, the support assembly also includes a clamping mechanism 25, which is used for detachable connection with the mounting base 24.

[0051] The clamping mechanism 25 refers to a mechanical structure mounted on the support assembly for detachable connection with other components. In this application, the clamping mechanism 25 functions in conjunction with the pre-defined mounting base 24 to fix or separate the filter module through mechanical locking or releasing actions.

[0052] The clamping mechanism 25 includes two clamping plates 26, a screw 27 and a drive motor 28. The screw 27 has two opposite threads. The two clamping plates 26 are slidably disposed on both sides of the mounting base 24. The screw 27 is threadedly connected to the two clamping plates 26. The output end of the drive motor 28 is connected to the screw 27.

[0053] When it is necessary to fix the mounting base 24, the control system issues a command to start the drive motor 28, and the output shaft of the drive motor 28 drives the screw 27 to rotate. Since the screw 27 has two sections of threads with opposite directions of rotation, and each is threadedly connected to the two clamping plates 26, the rotational motion of the screw 27 is converted into the linear motion of the two clamping plates 26 along the axial direction. Under the action of the threads, the two clamping plates 26 move synchronously towards the mounting base 24 until the inner side of the clamping plates 26 is in close contact with the two sides of the mounting base 24. As the screw 27 continues to rotate, the clamping plates 26 apply a gradually increasing lateral clamping force to the mounting base 24, using friction to firmly lock the mounting base 24 in the predetermined position. When it is necessary to disassemble or adjust the mounting base 24, the drive motor 28 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the screw 27 to rotate in the opposite direction, and the two clamping plates 26 move synchronously outward, releasing the clamping force on the mounting base 24, thereby achieving rapid release.

[0054] Furthermore, the clamp 26 has a wedge-shaped surface, and the mounting base 24 has a corresponding inclined surface that mates with the wedge-shaped surface. The wedge-shaped surface is used to contact the inclined surface to provide lateral and longitudinal pressure.

[0055] When the mounting base 24 needs to be fixed, the drive motor 28 starts and drives the screw 27 with two opposing threads to rotate, causing the sliding clamps 26 on both sides to move synchronously towards the center. When the clamps 26 approach the mounting base 24, the wedge-shaped surfaces on their sides contact the pre-set inclined surfaces of the mounting base 24. As the screw 27 continues to rotate, the clamps 26 are forced to approach further in the horizontal direction. Due to the blocking effect of the inclined surfaces, the clamps 26 are forced to generate a downward displacement tendency while moving horizontally (or force the mounting base 24 to generate an upward reaction force tendency), thereby forming a huge normal pressure on the contact surface. This pressure is decomposed into a clamping force in the horizontal direction and a pressing force in the vertical direction, firmly locking the mounting base 24 in the predetermined position. Conversely, when disassembly is required, the drive motor 28 reverses, the clamps 26 retract, the wedge-shaped surfaces separate from the inclined surfaces, the bidirectional constraint is released, and the mounting base 24 can be removed.

[0056] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely one or more preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes for implementing the above embodiments and equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of this application are still within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A housing structure for an explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear with a rapid pressure relief channel, characterized in that, The device includes a support assembly and a pressure relief assembly. The support assembly includes a switch cabinet, a door panel, and a top fire extinguishing structure. The door panel is rotatably connected to the switch cabinet and is located on one side of the switch cabinet. The top fire extinguishing structure includes a support frame, a flexible membrane, multiple needles, and an adjusting component. The support frame is disposed inside the switch cabinet, the flexible membrane is disposed below the support frame, and the multiple needles are disposed on the support frame via the adjusting component. The adjusting component is used to adjust the distance between the needles and the flexible membrane. When the pressure inside the switch cabinet increases, the flexible membrane expands towards the needles under pressure. Fire extinguishing material is disposed inside the support frame. The pressure relief assembly includes a primary pressure relief device and a secondary pressure relief device. The primary pressure relief device is located on the top of the switchgear, and the secondary pressure relief device is located on one side of the primary pressure relief device. When the pressure inside the switchgear reaches a first preset value but does not reach a second preset value, pressure is released through the primary pressure relief device, and the needle does not puncture the flexible membrane. When the pressure inside the switchgear reaches the second preset value, the needle punctures the flexible membrane, extinguishing the fire in the switchgear with fire extinguishing material, and the pressure is released jointly by the secondary and primary pressure relief devices.

2. The explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting component includes a support rod and a threaded sleeve. The support rod is fixed to the support frame, and the threaded sleeve is threadedly connected to the support rod and fixedly connected to the needle.

3. The explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first-stage pressure relief device includes a first pressure relief pipe, a first spring, and a sliding ball. The first pressure relief pipe is fixed to the top of the switch cabinet, and the first spring is disposed inside the first pressure relief pipe to press the sliding ball against the inner step of the first pressure relief pipe to close the first pressure relief pipe.

4. The explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The secondary pressure relief device includes a sliding plate, a second spring, a second pressure relief pipe, a filter, and a locking device. The sliding plate is slidably disposed outside the pressure relief port of the switch cabinet for sealing or opening the pressure relief port. The second spring is disposed between the sliding plate and the switch cabinet. The second pressure relief pipe is fixed to the sliding plate. The filter is disposed inside the second pressure relief pipe. The locking device is used to limit the sliding plate after it is opened.

5. The explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The locking device includes a triangular block, a third spring, and a reset plate. The triangular block is slidably disposed on one side of the sliding plate. The third spring is used to support the triangular block so that when the sliding plate is opened to the correct position, the triangular block is engaged in the corresponding slot of the sliding plate. The reset plate is used to drive the triangular block out of the slot and reset.

6. The explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The secondary pressure relief device also includes a push rod and a connecting pipe. The connecting pipe is slidably disposed on one side of the first pressure relief pipe. The push rod is fixedly connected to the sliding plate. When the sliding plate moves up and opens, the push rod moves up and pushes the connecting pipe to slide, so that the connecting pipe connects with the first pressure relief pipe and guides the gas discharged from the first pressure relief pipe into the filter.

7. The explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The filter includes a filter box, a connector, a filter unit, and a mounting base. The connector is fixed to the filter box and connected to the adapter pipe. The filter unit is disposed inside the filter box. The mounting base is disposed at the bottom of the filter box and connected to the switch cabinet.

8. The explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The support assembly also includes a clamping mechanism for detaching and connecting with the mounting base.

9. The explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism includes two clamping plates, a screw, and a drive motor. The screw has two opposite threads. The two clamping plates are slidably disposed on both sides of the mounting base. The screw is threadedly connected to the two clamping plates. The output end of the drive motor is connected to the screw.

10. The explosion-proof high and low voltage switchgear housing structure with a rapid pressure relief channel as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The clamp has a wedge-shaped surface, and the mounting base has a corresponding inclined surface that mates with the wedge-shaped surface. The wedge-shaped surface is used to contact the inclined surface to provide lateral and longitudinal pressure.

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