A lightning protection mechanism for low-voltage power distribution network protection

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of medium and low voltage power distribution network protection, specifically a lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks. It includes: a surge arrester body; a pressure relief mechanism installed inside the surge arrester body to regulate the internal pressure and prevent bursting due to excessive pressure; and a thermal management mechanism installed outside the surge arrester body to reduce the internal temperature and prevent damage due to excessive heat. Under abnormal conditions such as lightning strikes and overvoltages, the pressure relief mechanism can quickly respond and release internal overpressure to prevent the surge arrester from bursting. The thermal management mechanism, through spiral grooves, eddy current enhanced heat dissipation, and phase change heat storage technology, efficiently suppresses temperature rise and protects internal electrical performance. The conductor protection mechanism, through electric synchronous clamping and a buffer structure, ensures reliable conductor connection and resists external pulling forces. The synergistic effect of these three mechanisms significantly improves the overall reliability and service life of the surge arrester under complex operating conditions, reducing the maintenance costs of power distribution network faults.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medium and low voltage power distribution network protection, specifically a lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution network protection. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial link in the power system facing end users, the operational reliability of medium- and low-voltage distribution networks directly affects power supply quality and electricity safety. These networks are typically characterized by wide distribution, complex structure, high environmental exposure, and diverse equipment operating conditions, making them particularly susceptible to lightning activity. Overvoltages caused by lightning strikes can creep along lines, posing a severe threat to distribution equipment, especially core overvoltage protection devices such as surge arresters. Currently, widely used surge arresters, such as metal oxide surge arresters (MOAs), primarily achieve protection by utilizing the nonlinear characteristics of their valve plates to conduct and discharge current during overvoltages and return to a high-resistance state under power frequency voltage.

[0003] However, when a surge arrester absorbs a huge lightning current or is subjected to a sustained overvoltage, an internal electric arc is generated, causing the gas to expand rapidly and the pressure to rise sharply. In the current technology, surge arresters lack a dedicated pressure relief mechanism. If this pressure cannot be released in a timely and safe manner, it can easily cause the surge arrester body (especially the porcelain sleeve or composite sleeve) to burst. This not only completely destroys the surge arrester, but the fragments and high-energy electric arc generated by the explosion may also endanger the safety of surrounding equipment and personnel, causing secondary accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem that existing surge arresters cannot release pressure, this invention proposes a surge protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks, comprising:

[0006] Lightning arrester body;

[0007] The pressure relief mechanism is installed inside the surge arrester body to regulate the pressure inside the surge arrester body and prevent excessive pressure from causing a burst.

[0008] The thermal management mechanism is installed on the outside of the surge arrester body to reduce the internal temperature of the surge arrester body and prevent damage caused by excessive heat.

[0009] The line protection mechanism is installed above the surge arrester body to prevent the wire connected to the surge arrester body from being pulled apart, thus avoiding the failure of normal operation due to wire breakage.

[0010] The pressure relief mechanism includes a connecting block fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the surge arrester body. The top and bottom of the connecting block are respectively provided with an air inlet and a square groove. The inner cavity of the connecting block is provided with a diaphragm. A guide rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the diaphragm. A spring is sleeved on the outer ring of the guide rod. A positioning block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide rod. Identical sealing plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the positioning block. The pressure entering the guide rod through the air inlet causes it to move within the connecting block, which in turn causes the sealing plates to shift and release the seal, allowing the pressurized gas in the inner cavity of the surge arrester to be discharged, preventing the surge arrester from bursting due to excessive pressure.

[0011] Preferably, a vertical base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting block, a slot is opened through the top of the vertical base, a shell is provided at the bottom of the vertical base, two U-shaped blocks are provided in the inner cavity of the shell, an outer pipe is fixedly connected to the right side of the shell, and an exhaust groove is opened through one side of the outer pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the diameter of the slot is matched with the diameter of the guide rod, the diameter of the exhaust groove is the same as the diameter of the sealing sheet, and the outer surface of the spring is coated with a tin plating layer.

[0013] Preferably, the thermal management mechanism includes a circular tube sleeved on the right side of the surge arrester body. The inner wall of the circular tube has several spiral grooves. Spiral blades are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the circular tube. A heat dissipation ring is sleeved on the outer ring of the circular tube. The inner ring of the heat dissipation ring has several holes. The outer ring of the heat dissipation ring has several wave-shaped fins fixedly connected. Several guide vanes are fixedly connected to both sides of the heat dissipation ring. Each guide vane has an air guide groove on one side.

[0014] Preferably, the outer surfaces of the heat dissipation ring, the wave-shaped fins, and the guide vanes are all coated with a high-emissivity coating. The position between every two wave-shaped fins corresponds to every three holes, and the position of the air guide groove corresponds to every two wave-shaped fins, so that micro-vortices and periodic devortication are generated when the airflow passes through, thereby enhancing the convective heat transfer efficiency.

[0015] Preferably, the orifice contains a phase change material, which is a high-temperature phase change material used to absorb and process heat when high-temperature gas is discharged from the circular tube, and to assist the heat dissipation ring in instantaneous heat dissipation.

[0016] Preferably, the thermal management mechanism further includes four blocks fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the outer pipe. Each block has a short rod rotatably connected to one side via a bearing, and each short rod has vortex blades around its outer circumference.

[0017] Preferably, the protection mechanism includes a fixing ring fixedly connected to the outer ring of the surge arrester body. Identical L-shaped support seats are fixedly connected to the top of the fixing ring. A U-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the top of each L-shaped support seat. Two rods are rotatably connected to the inner cavity of each U-shaped plate through bearings. A rod is rotatably connected to each pair of rods through bearings. A connecting seat is rotatably connected to one side of each rod through bearings. There are a total of four connecting seats.

[0018] Preferably, an electric push rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of one of the connecting seats, and a synchronization frame is fixedly connected to the four connecting seats. A rod three is rotatably connected between every two rods one via a bearing. A sleeve is fixedly connected to one side of each rod three, and the opposite sides of the four sleeves are made of rubber.

[0019] The advantages of this invention are:

[0020] 1. This invention achieves multiple coordinated protection functions for surge arresters in medium and low voltage distribution networks through a structural design that integrates a pressure relief mechanism, a thermal management mechanism, and a conductor protection mechanism. Under abnormal conditions such as lightning strikes and overvoltages, the pressure relief mechanism can quickly respond and release internal overpressure to prevent the surge arrester from bursting; the thermal management mechanism, through spiral grooves, eddy current enhanced heat dissipation, and phase change heat storage technology, efficiently suppresses temperature rise and protects internal electrical performance; the conductor protection mechanism, through electric synchronous clamping and buffering structure, ensures reliable conductor connection and resists external pulling forces. The synergistic effect of these three mechanisms significantly improves the overall reliability and service life of the surge arrester under complex operating conditions, and reduces the failure rate and maintenance costs of the distribution network.

[0021] 2. This invention employs a self-resetting diaphragm and spring structure for its pressure relief mechanism, requiring no external power or manual intervention, making it suitable for unattended scenarios. Its thermal management mechanism combines passive phase change materials and active airflow enhancement technology, adapting to harsh environments such as high temperature and high humidity, achieving high heat dissipation efficiency and energy recovery. The line protection mechanism supports electric control and adaptive clamping, facilitating construction and maintenance, and can be integrated into smart grid management systems. The overall structure is compact and comprehensive, making it widely applicable to various medium and low voltage power distribution network lightning protection scenarios, demonstrating significant socio-economic benefits and promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure relief mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal management mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the circular tube of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the wire protection mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point B.

[0030] In the diagram: 100, surge arrester body; 200, pressure relief mechanism; 201, connecting block; 202, air inlet; 203, diaphragm; 204, guide rod; 205, spring; 206, vertical seat; 207, slot; 208, housing; 209, U-shaped block; 210, positioning block; 211, sealing plate; 212, external pipe; 213, exhaust groove; 300, thermal management mechanism; 301, round tube; 302, spiral groove; 303, spiral blade. 304. Heat dissipation ring; 305. Hole body; 306. Wave-shaped fins; 307. Guide vanes; 308. Air guide groove; 309. Block; 310. Short rod; 311. Vortex blade; 400. Cable protection mechanism; 401. Fixing ring; 402. L-shaped support base; 403. U-shaped plate; 404. Rod one; 405. Rod two; 406. Connecting seat; 407. Electric push rod; 408. Synchronizing frame; 409. Rod three; 410. Jacket. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks includes:

[0033] Surge arrester body 100;

[0034] The pressure relief mechanism 200 is installed inside the surge arrester body 100 to regulate the pressure inside the surge arrester body 100 and prevent excessive pressure from causing bursting.

[0035] The thermal management mechanism 300 is installed on the outside of the surge arrester body 100 to reduce the internal temperature of the surge arrester body 100 and prevent damage due to excessive heat.

[0036] The line protection mechanism 400 is installed above the surge arrester body 100 to prevent the wire connected to the surge arrester body 100 from being pulled off, thus avoiding the failure of normal operation due to wire breakage.

[0037] The pressure relief mechanism 200 includes a connecting block 201 fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the surge arrester body 100. The top and bottom of the connecting block 201 are respectively provided with an air inlet 202 and a square groove. A diaphragm 203 is provided inside the connecting block 201. A guide rod 204 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the diaphragm 203. A spring 205 is sleeved around the outer ring of the guide rod 204. A positioning block 210 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide rod 204. Identical sealing plates 211 are fixedly connected to both sides of the positioning block 210. Pressure is introduced into the guide rod 204 through the air inlet 202, causing it to move within the connecting block 201. This causes the sealing plates 211 to shift, releasing the seal and allowing the surge arrester body 100 to release pressure. The pressurized gas in the inner cavity of the arrester is discharged to prevent the arrester body 100 from bursting due to excessive pressure. A vertical seat 206 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting block 201. A slot 207 is opened through the top of the vertical seat 206. A housing 208 is provided at the bottom of the vertical seat 206. Two U-shaped blocks 209 are provided in the inner cavity of the housing 208. An outer pipe 212 is fixedly connected to the right side of the housing 208. An exhaust groove 213 is opened through one side of the outer pipe 212. The diameter of the slot 207 is matched with the diameter of the guide rod 204. The groove diameter of the exhaust groove 213 is the same as the diameter of the sealing plate 211. The outer surface of the spring 205 is coated with a tin-plated layer.

[0038] Through the above technical solution, when an arc is generated or gas expands inside the surge arrester body 100 due to lightning strike, switching overvoltage, or continuous power frequency overvoltage, the internal pressure begins to rise. High-pressure gas enters the upper chamber of the connecting block 201 through the air inlet 202 at the top. The diaphragm 203 installed in this chamber acts as a pressure-sensitive element. One side of the diaphragm bears the internal gas pressure, and the other side is connected to the spring 205 through the guide rod 204. When the pressure exceeds the preset threshold of the spring 205, which can be set according to the rated voltage and insulation strength of the surge arrester body 100, the diaphragm 203 undergoes elastic deformation. The deformation of the diaphragm 203 pushes the guide rod 204 to move downward along the axial direction, compressing the spring 205. The positioning block 210 at the bottom of the guide rod 204 and the two sealing plates 211 rigidly connected to it move downward synchronously. The sealing plates 211 originally form a tight fit with the end face of the exhaust groove 213 to achieve a seal. After moving down a certain distance, the sealing plates 211 disengage from the sealing surface of the exhaust groove 213, thereby opening an annular exhaust channel. Simultaneously, high-pressure gas enters the inner cavity of the housing 208 through the square groove at the bottom of the connecting block 201 and the slot 207 of the vertical seat 206. The two U-shaped blocks 209 set inside the housing 208 guide and buffer the airflow, preventing the airflow from directly impacting the structure and causing vibration or noise. Subsequently, the gas is guided through the outer pipe 212 and finally discharged to the external atmosphere in a controllable manner through the exhaust groove 213. The entire exhaust path design takes into account both minimizing flow resistance and emission safety. When the internal pressure drops below the safety threshold due to the release, the compressed spring 205 releases its stored energy, pushing the guide rod 204 and the entire linkage assembly to reset upwards. The sealing plate 211 re-fits with the exhaust groove 213, restoring the airtightness of the system. The tin-plated layer on the outer surface of the spring 205 provides good corrosion resistance and conductivity, ensuring reliable operation in humid environments. Thus, it can automatically reset after depressurization of the surge arrester body 100 without manual intervention, making it particularly suitable for remote or unattended distribution network nodes.

[0039] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 as well as Figure 5As shown, the thermal management mechanism 300 includes a circular tube 301 sleeved on the right side of the surge arrester body 100. The inner wall of the circular tube 301 has several spiral grooves 302. Spiral blades 303 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the circular tube 301. A heat dissipation ring 304 is sleeved on the outer ring of the circular tube 301. Several holes 305 are formed on the inner ring of the heat dissipation ring 304. Several corrugated fins 306 are fixedly connected to the outer ring of the heat dissipation ring 304. Several guide vanes 307 are fixedly connected to both sides of the heat dissipation ring 304. A venting groove 308 is formed on one side of each guide vane 307. The outer surfaces of the heat dissipation ring 304, the corrugated fins 306, and the guide vanes 307 are all coated with a high-emissivity coating. The position between each pair of wave-shaped fins 306 corresponds to the position between each pair of three orifices 305, and the position of the air guide groove 308 corresponds to the position between each pair of wave-shaped fins 306, so that micro-vortices and periodic devortices are generated when the airflow passes through, thereby enhancing the convective heat transfer efficiency. The orifice 305 is provided with a phase change material, which is a high-temperature phase change material, used to absorb and process heat when the high-temperature gas is discharged from the circular tube 301, and to assist the heat dissipation ring 304 in instantaneous heat dissipation. The thermal management mechanism 300 also includes four blocks 309 fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the outer tube 212. One side of each block 309 is rotatably connected to a short rod 310 through a bearing, and the outer ring of the short rod 310 is provided with vortex blades 311.

[0040] Through the above technical solution, the heat generated by the surge arrester body 100 under the action of absorbing surge energy or continuous leakage current is first transferred by the surge arrester body 100 to the circular tube 301 closely attached to it through wall heat conduction when the pressure relief mechanism 200 is operating to release pressure. The spiral groove 302 processed on the inner wall of the circular tube 301 and the welded and fixed spiral blade 303 together form a spiral flow channel. When air flows through it, whether it is natural convection or forced convection caused by ambient wind, the spiral flow channel forces the airflow to rotate and move forward, which significantly prolongs the contact time and path between the air and the hot wall surface, and enhances convective heat transfer. At the same time, the low-pressure area formed at the center of the rotating airflow helps to draw in more cold air to participate. Heat exchange occurs, and the heat is then further conducted to the heat dissipation ring 304 fitted over the circular tube 301. The wave-shaped fins 306 distributed in an array on the outer surface of the heat dissipation ring 304 greatly increase the heat dissipation area. The guide vanes 307 are arranged at a specific angle on both sides of the heat dissipation ring 304, and the air guide grooves 308 on their surfaces can precisely guide the airflow into the gap between each pair of wave-shaped fins 306. This design causes the airflow to generate controllable micro-vortices and periodic devortexing between the wave-shaped fins 306, continuously disrupting the thermal boundary layer on the surface of the wave-shaped fins 306, transforming traditional laminar heat exchange into highly efficient turbulent heat exchange, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the high-temperature, high-speed air discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 200... When gas flows through the external pipe 212, it impacts the vortex blades 311. The vortex blades 311, via the short rod 310 and bearings, can rotate freely, converting part of the gas's kinetic energy into rotational mechanical energy. The rotating vortex blades 311, on the one hand, agitate the airflow, enhancing heat exchange with the pipe wall; on the other hand, they act like a small turbine, accelerating the exhaust velocity of the hot air within the pipe and potentially generating localized negative pressure, drawing more external cold air into the thermal management area to form auxiliary cooling airflow. This innovatively transforms the kinetic energy of the depressurized exhaust gas into power for enhanced heat dissipation, achieving comprehensive utilization of energy flow within the system. All heat dissipation surfaces are coated with high-emissivity coatings, such as ceramic-based coatings... The infrared band has a high emissivity, which further dissipates heat into the surrounding space through radiation. At the same time, the high-temperature phase change material, such as inorganic salt composite material, in the inner ring hole 305 of the heat dissipation ring 304 constitutes a passive thermal energy management system. When the temperature of the surge arrester body 100 rises to the melting point of the phase change material, the material absorbs a large amount of latent heat and changes from solid to liquid. During this process, the temperature remains basically constant, thereby effectively reducing the instantaneous temperature rise peak of the surge arrester body 100 and preventing thermal runaway. When the surge arrester body 100 stops heating or the ambient temperature drops, the phase change material slowly solidifies and releases latent heat, which helps to cool down gradually and avoids mechanical stress and insulation aging caused by sudden temperature changes.

[0041] like Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the protection mechanism 400 includes a fixing ring 401 fixedly connected to the outer ring of the surge arrester body 100. The top of the fixing ring 401 is fixedly connected to the same L-shaped support base 402. The top of each L-shaped support base 402 is fixedly connected to a U-shaped plate 403. The inner cavity of each U-shaped plate 403 is rotatably connected to two rods 404 via bearings. A rod 405 is rotatably connected between each pair of rods 404 via bearings. A connecting seat 406 is rotatably connected to one side of each rod 405 via bearings. There are a total of four connecting seats 406. An electric push rod 407 is fixedly connected to the bottom of one of the connecting seats 406. A synchronization frame 408 is fixedly connected to each of the four connecting seats 406. A rod 409 is rotatably connected between each pair of rods 404 via bearings. A sleeve 410 is fixedly connected to one side of each of the four sleeves 409. The opposite sides of the four sleeves 410 are made of rubber.

[0042] Through the above technical solution, the electric push rod 407 is activated to extend it. The electric push rod 407 directly drives one of the corresponding connecting seats 406 to move downward. Since the four connecting seats 406 are connected together by a rigid synchronous frame 408, the four connecting seats 406 achieve a completely synchronized linear downward movement. The downward movement of the connecting seat 406, through the four-bar linkage composed of the second rod 405 and the first rod 404, converts the vertical movement into a horizontal centripetal movement at the end of the third rod 409. The clamps 410 at the ends of the four third rods 409 then synchronously close towards the center. The inner side of the clamp 410 is made of a high-friction coefficient, high-elasticity rubber material to ensure that sufficient static friction is provided to prevent slippage when clamping the wire, without damaging the insulation of the wire. The completely symmetrical linkage mechanism ensures that the clamping force from four directions is absolutely balanced, avoiding bending of the wire due to unilateral force or torsional stress at the connection point. It is adaptive to conductors within a certain diameter range. When external factors such as strong winds or icing cause pulling, dragging, or swaying forces on the conductor, the conductor protection mechanism 400, as a whole, transmits and distributes the force to the robust outer shell of the surge arrester body 100 through the fixing ring 401, avoiding stress concentration on the electrical connection terminals of the conductor. The rubber sleeve 410 itself provides a certain buffering and vibration reduction effect. In extreme cases, if the pulling force exceeds the preset safety limit, it can be indirectly controlled by the thrust setting of the electric push rod 407. The entire linkage mechanism is allowed to produce slight elastic deformation under the bearing support of the U-shaped plate 403, providing additional buffer stroke and further reducing the risk of the conductor being pulled apart. When it is necessary to remove the conductor, control the electric push rod 407 to retract, drive all the connecting seats 406 to move upward through the synchronous frame 408, and drive the four-bar linkage mechanism in the opposite direction, so that the four sleeves 410 open radially synchronously, and the conductor can be easily removed.

[0043] It should be noted that the overall device couples the exhaust passage of the pressure relief mechanism 200 with the air intake design of the thermal management mechanism 300, so that a single structure (i.e., the outer pipe 212 and the vortex blade 311) can efficiently discharge internal overpressure gas, achieving the primary effect of pressure relief and explosion prevention, and can also use the exhaust kinetic energy to drive the vortex blade to rotate, enhancing the heat dissipation airflow and achieving the secondary effect of actively enhancing heat dissipation, thus realizing the synergistic effect of pressure management and thermal management. Furthermore, the fixing ring 401 of the line protection mechanism 400 is rigidly connected to the outer shell of the surge arrester body 100, so that the overall structure can reliably fix the conductor under normal conditions, and can evenly distribute the tension to the robust surge arrester body when the line is under abnormal stress, avoiding stress concentration at the electrical contacts. At the same time, its buffer design can also absorb some vibration energy, realizing the synergy between mechanical protection and electrical connection reliability.

[0044] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks, characterized in that, include: Lightning arrester body (100); The pressure relief mechanism (200) is installed inside the surge arrester body (100) to regulate the pressure inside the surge arrester body (100) and prevent excessive pressure from causing bursting. A thermal management mechanism (300) is installed on the outside of the surge arrester body (100) to reduce the internal temperature of the surge arrester body (100) and prevent damage caused by excessive heat. The line protection mechanism (400) is installed above the surge arrester body (100) to prevent the line connected to the surge arrester body (100) from being pulled off, thus avoiding the failure of normal operation due to line breakage; The pressure relief mechanism (200) includes a connecting block (201) fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the surge arrester body (100). The top and bottom of the connecting block (201) are respectively provided with an air inlet (202) and a square groove (203). The inner cavity of the connecting block (201) is provided with a diaphragm (203). The bottom of the diaphragm (203) is fixedly connected with a guide rod (204). The outer ring of the guide rod (204) is fitted with a spring (205). The bottom of the guide rod (204) is fixedly connected with a positioning block (210). The two sides of the positioning block (210) are fixedly connected with the same sealing sheet (211). The pressure entering the guide rod (204) through the air inlet (202) causes it to move in the connecting block (201), which drives the sealing sheet (211) to move and release the seal, so that the pressurized gas in the inner cavity of the surge arrester (100) is discharged, preventing the surge arrester (100) from bursting due to excessive pressure.

2. The lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the connecting block (201) is fixedly connected to a vertical seat (206), the top of the vertical seat (206) is provided with a through hole (207), the bottom of the vertical seat (206) is provided with a housing (208), the inner cavity of the housing (208) is provided with two U-shaped blocks (209), the right side of the housing (208) is fixedly connected to an outer pipe (212), and one side of the outer pipe (212) is provided with an exhaust groove (213).

3. A lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the slot (207) is matched with the diameter of the guide rod (204), the diameter of the exhaust groove (213) is the same as the diameter of the sealing plate (211), and the outer surface of the spring (205) is coated with a tin plating layer.

4. A lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thermal management mechanism (300) includes a circular tube (301) sleeved on the right side of the surge arrester body (100). The inner wall of the circular tube (301) is provided with a plurality of spiral grooves (302). A spiral blade (303) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the circular tube (301). A heat dissipation ring (304) is sleeved on the outer ring of the circular tube (301). A plurality of holes (305) are provided on the inner ring of the heat dissipation ring (304). A plurality of wave-shaped fins (306) are fixedly connected to the outer ring of the heat dissipation ring (304). A plurality of guide vanes (307) are fixedly connected to both sides of the heat dissipation ring (304). A guide groove (308) is provided on one side of each guide vane (307).

5. A lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer surfaces of the heat dissipation ring (304), the wave-shaped fins (306), and the guide vanes (307) are all coated with a high-emissivity coating. The position between every two wave-shaped fins (306) corresponds to every three holes (305), and the position of the air guide groove (308) corresponds to every two wave-shaped fins (306), so that micro-vortices and periodic devortices are generated when the airflow passes through, thereby enhancing the convective heat transfer efficiency.

6. A lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks according to claim 5, characterized in that: The orifice (305) is provided with a phase change material, which is a high-temperature phase change material used to absorb and process heat when high-temperature gas is discharged from the circular tube (301) and to assist the heat dissipation ring (304) in instantaneous heat dissipation.

7. A lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermal management mechanism (300) also includes four blocks (309) fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the outer pipe (212). Each block (309) has a short rod (310) rotatably connected to one side of it via a bearing. Each short rod (310) has vortex blades (311) around its outer ring.

8. A lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The line protection mechanism (400) includes a fixing ring (401) fixedly connected to the outer ring of the surge arrester body (100). The top of the fixing ring (401) is fixedly connected to the same L-shaped support base (402). The top of each L-shaped support base (402) is fixedly connected to a U-shaped plate (403). The inner cavity of each U-shaped plate (403) is rotatably connected to two rods (404) through bearings. Each pair of rods (404) is rotatably connected to a rod (405) through bearings. One side of each rod (405) is rotatably connected to a connecting seat (406) through bearings. There are a total of four connecting seats (406).

9. A lightning protection mechanism for medium and low voltage power distribution networks according to claim 8, characterized in that: An electric push rod (407) is fixedly connected to the bottom of one of the connecting seats (406), and a synchronous frame (408) is fixedly connected to the four connecting seats (406). A rod three (409) is rotatably connected between each pair of rod one (404) through a bearing. A sleeve (410) is fixedly connected to one side of each rod three (409), and the opposite sides of the four sleeves (410) are made of rubber.

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