Protection device, protection circuit and battery system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of electronic control device, and in particular to a protection device, a protection circuit and a battery system.The protection device comprises a static contact, a fixed assembly, a movable assembly and an exciter, wherein: the movable assembly is movable relative to the fixed assembly, and the movable assembly comprises a dynamic contact; the movable assembly has an initial state and an excited state; when the movable assembly is in the initial state, the dynamic contact is not conductive with the static contact; when the movable assembly is in the excited state, the dynamic contact is conductive with the static contact; the exciter is fixed to the fixed assembly, and the exciter can be triggered to switch the movable assembly from the initial state to the excited state.The protection device can meet the requirements of short-circuit protection and discharge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic control device technology, and more specifically, to a protection device, a protection circuit, and a battery system. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for high range and high reliability in new energy vehicles, the safety and reliability requirements for battery systems are becoming more stringent. System upgrades require the formation of a short-circuit loop and the protection of loop energy in the event of a short circuit.

[0003] In existing battery systems or main circuits, there are two common protection methods when a short circuit occurs. Taking a short circuit in the main circuit as an example, one method is to install a fuse in the main circuit, which will blow when a short circuit occurs; the other method is to install a relay / contaminant in the main circuit. It is worth noting that if the residual current is too large, safety cannot be guaranteed when using a fuse, meaning that a fuse cannot meet both the discharge requirements and the short-circuit closing function; if a relay / contaminant is used, it may stick or spring open during a short circuit, failing to simultaneously meet the requirements for short-circuit protection and discharge.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a protection structure that can simultaneously meet the requirements of short-circuit protection and discharge. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a protection device, a protection circuit, and a battery system. The protection device can meet the requirements for short circuit protection and discharge.

[0006] This invention provides a protective device, comprising: a static contact, a fixed component, a movable component, and an actuator, wherein:

[0007] The movable component is movable relative to the fixed component, and the movable component includes a moving contact; the movable component has an initial state and an activated state. When the movable component is in the initial state, the moving contact is not connected to the stationary contact; when the movable component is in the activated state, the moving contact is connected to the stationary contact.

[0008] The exciter is fixed to the fixed component and can be triggered to switch the movable component from the initial state to the excitation state.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the movable component cooperates with the fixed component to form a locking structure, the locking structure being used to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fixed component is provided with a first through hole, and the movable component passes through the fixed component through the first through hole; when the movable component is in an activated state, at least a portion of the movable component is engaged in the first through hole to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state; the movable component cooperates with the first through hole to form the locking structure.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fixing component includes a support plate, the support plate being provided with the first through hole;

[0012] The movable component includes a movable rod that can move relative to the fixed component along a first direction. The movable rod includes a first segment and a second segment. Along the first direction, the first segment is located on the side of the second segment facing the stationary contact member. In a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the first segment is smaller than the dimension of the first through hole, and the cross-sectional dimension of the second segment is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the first segment. When the movable component is in an initial state, at least a portion of the first segment is placed inside the first through hole, and the second segment is located outside the first through hole. When the movable component is in an activated state, at least a portion of the second segment engages within the first through hole to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the movable rod further includes a third segment, through which the first segment and the second segment are transitionally connected.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the support plate includes a main body and a limiting protrusion, the first through hole is provided in the main body, and the limiting protrusion protrudes from the inner wall surface of the first through hole;

[0015] The peripheral surface of the first segment is provided with a groove. When the movable component is in the initial state, at least a portion of the limiting protrusion is located in the groove; when the movable component is in the activated state, the limiting protrusion detaches from the main body.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the movable rod further includes a fourth segment, which is located on the side of the second segment away from the stationary contact member along the first direction; in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the fourth segment is larger than that of the second segment; the fourth segment and the second segment form a stepped structure, the stepped structure having a stepped surface; when the movable component is in an activated state, the second segment is completely inserted into the first through hole, and the stepped surface abuts against the surface of the main body of the support plate away from the stationary contact member.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fixing component includes a support plate and a locking member. The support plate is provided with a first through hole. The locking member is fixed to the support plate and located outside the first through hole. When the movable component is in an activated state, the locking member engages with the movable component to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state. The locking member cooperates with the movable component to form a locking structure.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fixing component includes a support plate and a locking member. The support plate is provided with a second through hole. The locking member is fixed to the support plate and located outside the second through hole. When the movable component is in an activated state, the locking member engages with the movable component to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state. The locking member cooperates with the movable component to form a locking structure.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the engaging member is fixed to the support plate on the side facing the stationary contact member; the engaging member is provided with a third through hole, the diameter of the third through hole is smaller than the diameter of the second through hole, and the vertical projection of the third through hole on the support plate is located inside the second through hole; the movable component passes through the support plate through the second through hole and the third through hole;

[0020] The movable component includes a movable rod that can move relative to the fixed component along a first direction. The movable rod includes a fifth segment, and the peripheral surface of the fifth segment is provided with a groove. When the movable component is in the initial state, the engaging member is placed outside the groove; when the movable component is in the activated state, at least a portion of the engaging member is located inside the groove.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the engaging member is welded to the surface of the support plate.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the engaging element is a metal sheet.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the movable rod further includes a sixth segment, which is located on the side of the fifth segment away from the stationary contact member along the first direction; in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the sixth segment is larger than that of the fifth segment; the sixth segment and the fifth segment form a stepped structure, the stepped structure having a stepped surface, and when the movable component is in an activated state, the stepped surface abuts against the surface of the main body of the support plate away from the stationary contact member.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the movable rod is a moving iron core; the movable component further includes a push rod, which follows the movable rod, and the movable contact follows the push rod;

[0025] Alternatively, the movable rod is a moving iron core, and the moving contact follows the movable rod.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the static contact members is two, and the two static contact members can contact and detach from the two ends of the dynamic contact member.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fixing assembly further includes an insulating cover, which is connected to the support plate to form a receiving cavity, and the static contact member and the dynamic contact member contact each other within the receiving cavity.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the moving contact is located on one side of the stationary contact, and the exciter is located on the side of the movable component opposite to the stationary contact.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the igniter includes an igniter.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ignition device contains packing material that can be ignited to generate gas; the ignition device drives the movable component through the gas.

[0031] Alternatively, the ignition device may contain a packing material and a piston rod, wherein the packing material can be ignited to generate gas; the piston rod is located within the gas dispersion space and can be pushed by the gas; the ignition device pushes the movable component through the piston rod.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the protection device further includes a temperature sensor located near the static contact for monitoring the temperature of the static contact.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the protection device further includes a micro switch, the micro switch including an auxiliary moving contact and an auxiliary stationary contact, the auxiliary moving contact following the movable component, and the auxiliary stationary contact being fixed relative to the fixed component;

[0034] When the movable component is in the initial state, the auxiliary moving contact and the auxiliary stationary contact are connected; when the movable component is in the activated state, the auxiliary moving contact and the auxiliary stationary contact are not connected.

[0035] Alternatively, when the movable component is in the initial state, the auxiliary moving contact and the auxiliary stationary contact are not connected; when the movable component is in the activated state, the auxiliary moving contact and the auxiliary stationary contact are connected.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the protective device further includes an elastic component, through which the movable rod pushes the moving contact to move in the first direction.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the elastic component comprises a spring or a leaf spring.

[0038] The present invention also provides a protection circuit, including the protection device provided by any of the above-described technical solutions.

[0039] The present invention also provides a battery system including a protection device as provided by any of the above-described technical solutions.

[0040] The present invention also provides a battery system including a protection circuit as provided by any of the above-described technical solutions.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the battery system further includes a main circuit, and the protection circuit is connected in parallel with the main circuit to allow the remaining residual current in the main circuit in an interrupted state to pass through.

[0042] One embodiment of the above invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. The activator within the protection device provided in this application can be triggered when the main circuit or battery system is short-circuited. The activator stimulates the movable components, causing the moving contacts to conduct with the stationary contacts, thereby activating the protection circuit. Specifically, the protection circuit can be activated as needed to short-circuit the main circuit, allowing residual current in the main circuit to be discharged through the protection circuit, thus protecting the main circuit and improving the safety performance of the battery system.

[0044] 2. The locking structure inside the protection device provided in this application fixes the position of the movable component in the activated state, so that the stationary contact and the moving contact inside the movable component can be in continuous and effective contact, so as to resist the short-circuit electric repulsion force generated between the moving contact and the stationary contact when they are in contact, and to keep the moving contact and the stationary contact continuously closed to achieve the circuit discharge function.

[0045] 3. In the protection device provided in this application, after the movable component is activated by the activator, at least a portion of the movable component is inserted into the first through hole and engaged with the inner wall of the first through hole to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state. Furthermore, when the position of the movable component is locked, the stationary contact and the movable contact inside the movable component can maintain continuous and effective contact to resist the short-circuit electric repulsion force generated between the two when the movable contact and the stationary contact are in contact, so that the movable contact and the stationary contact remain closed to achieve the circuit discharge function.

[0046] 4. In the protection device provided in this application, at least a portion of the engaging member fixed to the outside of the second through hole of the support plate is used to engage with the movable component to lock the position of the moving rod in the activated state. When the position of the movable component is locked by the engaging member, the stationary contact and the moving contact inside the movable component can maintain continuous and effective contact to resist the short-circuit electric repulsion force generated between the two when the moving contact and the stationary contact are in contact, so that the moving contact and the stationary contact remain closed to achieve the circuit discharge function.

[0047] 5. The protection device provided in this application also includes a temperature sensor located near the static contact to monitor its temperature. This temperature sensor is connected to the battery system to enable real-time monitoring of the protection device's temperature rise, ensuring the device's safety performance.

[0048] 6. The protection device provided in this application also includes a micro switch, which realizes the detection of contact and separation of moving and stationary contacts, performs logic monitoring of the operation of the protection device, and ensures the reliability of the protection device's operation. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the protection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view at plane M when the first protective device provided in the embodiment of the present invention is in its initial state;

[0051] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view at plane M when the first protective device provided in the embodiment of the present invention is in the activated state;

[0052] Figure 4 What is shown is Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0053] Figure 5 What is shown is Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0054] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the second type of protection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention when it is in an activated state;

[0055] Figure 7 What is shown is Figure 6 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0056] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the third type of protection device provided in the embodiment of the present invention in its initial state;

[0057] Figure 9 What is shown is Figure 8Enlarged view of point D;

[0058] Figure 10 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the third type of protection device provided in the embodiment of the present invention when it is in the activated state;

[0059] Figure 11 What is shown is Figure 10 Enlarged view of point E in the middle;

[0060] Figure 12 The diagram shown is a partial structural schematic of the fixing component in the third type of protection device provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0061] Figure 13 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the exciter in the protection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0063] 100. Static contact; 200. Fixing component; 210. Support plate; 211. Main body; 212. Limiting protrusion; 213. First through hole; 214. Second through hole; 220. Engaging component; 221. Third through hole; 230. Insulating cover; 300. Movable component; 310. Moving contact; 320. Push rod; 330. Moving iron core; 331. First section; 3311. Groove; 332. Second section; 333. Third section; 334. Fourth section; 335. Fifth section; 336. Sixth section; 400. Exciter; 500. Micro switch; 510. Auxiliary moving contact; 520. Auxiliary static contact; 600. Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0064] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the invention will be thorough and complete, and the concept of the exemplary embodiments will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0065] When a short circuit occurs in the battery system or main circuit, protective components installed in the main circuit or battery system, such as fuses, will blow to disconnect the battery system or main circuit. Taking the main circuit as an example, after the main circuit is de-energized, residual current may remain inside the main circuit. If the residual current is too large, it will affect the safety performance of the battery system.

[0066] With the increasing demands for long driving range and high reliability in new energy vehicles, the safety and reliability requirements for battery systems are becoming more stringent. System upgrades require the formation of a short-circuit loop to discharge energy in the event of a short circuit in the main circuit. This application provides a battery system comprising a main circuit and a discharge loop. The discharge loop is connected in parallel with the main circuit and is capable of allowing residual current remaining in the main circuit during an interruption to pass through.

[0067] It should be noted that the battery system provided in this application embodiment has a protection circuit connected in parallel on both sides of the main circuit. The protection circuit can be activated as needed to short-circuit the main circuit, so that the residual current in the main circuit can be discharged through the protection circuit to protect the main circuit and improve the safety performance of the battery system.

[0068] The protection circuit is connected in parallel across the main circuit and is controlled by the control module within the battery system. When a short circuit occurs in the battery system or the main circuit, the control module can activate the protection circuit. It should be understood that the battery system may include a structure for monitoring the circuit status of the main circuit or the entire battery system, allowing a short-circuit signal to be fed back to the control module, thus enabling the control module to effectively control the protection circuit.

[0069] It is worth noting that the protection circuit in the above embodiments is also protected by the embodiments of this application. The protection circuit provided by the embodiments of this application includes a protection device, which can be any of the following protection devices to meet short-circuit protection and discharge requirements and improve the safety performance of the battery system. In addition, the battery system provided by the embodiments of this application may also include a protection device, which can be any of the following protection devices to meet short-circuit protection and discharge requirements and improve the safety performance of the battery system.

[0070] This application provides a protective device. Please refer to the embodiments thereof. Figure 1 refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The structure shown illustrates that the protective device includes: a stationary contact 100, a fixed assembly 200, a movable assembly 300, and an actuator 400, wherein the movable assembly 300 is movable relative to the fixed assembly 200. The movable assembly 300 includes a moving contact 310; the movable assembly 300 has an initial state and an activated state. When the movable assembly 300 is in the initial state, the moving contact 310 is not conductive with the stationary contact 100; when the movable assembly 300 is in the activated state, the moving contact 310 is conductive with the stationary contact 100; the actuator 400 is fixed to the fixed assembly 200 and can be triggered to switch the movable assembly 300 from the initial state to the activated state.

[0071] The stationary contact 100 can be selected from different shapes and contact structures. The moving contact 310 can be a moving contact piece or a combination of a moving contact piece and a contact. The moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 can be connected by contact, or they can be connected by other structural components, which will not be elaborated here. When the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 are connected by contact, "the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 are not connected" is equivalent to "the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 are not in contact," which can be understood as having a gap greater than 0 between them.

[0072] The arrangement of the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 can be varied. In one implementation, the moving contact 310 is located on one side of the stationary contact 100. For example, the arrangement of the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 forms a first direction, and the movable component 300 can move relative to the fixed component 200 along the first direction. The first direction is shown as direction Z in the accompanying drawings.

[0073] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 2 As shown in the structure, the protection device provided in this embodiment has two stationary contacts 100, and the two stationary contacts 100 are in contact with the two ends of the moving contact 310, that is, the moving contact piece. Of course, the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 in the protection device can also be other contact forms, such as the contact form in a snap-action relay.

[0074] Please understand and continue to refer to this. Figure 2 and Figure 3 When the movable component 300 is in the initial state, the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 are not in contact, and the protection circuit is in an interrupted state. When the movable component 300 is in the activated state, the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 are in contact, that is, they close to form a closed circuit, and the protection circuit is in a conductive state. In general, when a short circuit occurs in the battery system or the main circuit, the control module triggers the exciter 400, which pushes the movable component 300 in the initial state to move until the moving contact 310 contacts the stationary contact 100, and the movable component 300 switches from the initial state to the activated state.

[0075] It should be noted that the activator 400 in the protection device provided in this application embodiment can be triggered when the main circuit or battery system is short-circuited. The activator 400 activates the movable component 300, causing the moving contact 310 to conduct with the stationary contact 100, thereby making the protection circuit conductive. Specifically, the protection circuit can be activated as needed to short-circuit the main circuit, allowing residual current in the main circuit to be discharged through the protection circuit, thereby protecting the main circuit and improving the safety performance of the battery system.

[0076] To enhance the stability of the protection circuit and ensure its stable operation, in one embodiment, the movable component 300 and the fixed component 200 cooperate to form a locking structure, which is used to lock the position of the movable component 300 in the activated state. As an example, this locking structure is used to lock the position of the movable component 300 in the activated state in a first direction. It should be understood that the relevant structural components used to lock the positions of the movable component 300 and the fixed component 200 can all be incorporated into the fixed component 200 and / or the movable component 300.

[0077] It should be noted that the locking structure fixes the position of the movable component 300 in the activated state, so that the stationary contact 100 and the movable contact 310 inside the movable component 300 can be in continuous and effective contact, so as to resist the short-circuit electric repulsion force generated between the movable contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 when they are in contact, so that the movable contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 are continuously closed to achieve the circuit discharge function.

[0078] Accordingly, when the protection device provided in this application embodiment is applied to the protection circuit, the residual current in the main circuit can be continuously and effectively discharged through the protection circuit, thereby improving the protection effect on the main circuit and thus improving the safety performance of the battery system.

[0079] In this application embodiment, the locking structure can be an excitation jamming structure or a self-locking structure.

[0080] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the structure shown, the fixed component 200 has a first through hole 213, and the movable component 300 passes through the fixed component 200 through the first through hole 213. When the movable component 300 is in the activated state, at least a portion of the movable component 300 engages within the first through hole 213 to lock the position of the movable component 300 in the activated state. The movable component 300 and the first through hole 213 cooperate to form a locking structure. In this embodiment, the locking structure can be understood as an activated locking structure.

[0081] Taking the locking structure used to lock the position of the movable component 300 in the first direction in the excited state as an example, after the movable component 300 is excited by the exciter 400, at least a portion of the movable component 300 is inserted into the first through hole 213 and engaged with the inner wall of the first through hole 213 to lock the position of the movable component 300 in the first direction in the excited state. Furthermore, when the position of the movable component 300 in the first direction is locked, the stationary contact 100 and the movable contact 310 inside the movable component 300 can maintain continuous and effective contact, so as to resist the short-circuit electric repulsion force generated between the movable contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 when they are in contact, so that the movable contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 remain closed to achieve the circuit discharge function.

[0082] In one specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The structure shown includes a fixing component 200 comprising a support plate 210, which has a first through hole 213. (Please refer to...) Figures 2 to 3 refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The structure shown includes a movable component 300 comprising a movable rod that can move relative to the fixed component 200 along a first direction. The movable rod comprises a first segment 331 and a second segment 332 (schematically separated by dashed lines). Along the first direction, the first segment 331 is located on the side of the second segment 332 facing the stationary contact member 100. In a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the first segment 331 is smaller than the dimension of the first through hole 213, and the cross-sectional dimension of the second segment 332 is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the first segment 331. When the movable component 300 is in the initial state, at least a portion of the first segment 331 is placed inside the first through hole 213, and the second segment 332 is located outside the first through hole 213. When the movable component 300 is in the activated state, at least a portion of the second segment 332 engages inside the first through hole 213 to lock the position of the movable component 300 in the activated state in the first direction.

[0083] It should be noted that the second segment 332 cooperates with the first through hole 213 to form a locking structure. Specifically, at least a portion of the second end 322 can be inserted into the first through hole 213 and engaged with the inner wall of the first through hole 213 after the movable component 300 is activated by the exciter 400, so as to lock the position of the moving rod in the first direction in the activated state.

[0084] In one embodiment, please continue to combine Figures 2 to 3 refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The structure shown includes a third segment 333 on the moving rod, through which the first segment 331 and the second segment 332 are transitionally connected. The surface of the third segment 333 forms a guide slope to facilitate the insertion and engagement of the second segment 332 into the first through hole 213, reducing the activation difficulty of the exciter 400 and ensuring the timely and effective functioning of the protection circuit.

[0085] In one embodiment, please continue to combine Figures 2 to 3 refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5The structure shown includes a support plate 210 comprising a main body 211 and a limiting protrusion 212 (schematically separated by dashed lines). A first through hole 213 is provided in the main body 211, and the limiting protrusion 212 protrudes from the inner wall surface of the first through hole 213. A groove 3311 is provided on the peripheral surface of the first segment 331. When the movable component 300 is in the initial state, at least a portion of the limiting protrusion 212 is located within the groove 3311; when the movable component 300 is in the activated state, the limiting protrusion 212 detaches from the main body 211.

[0086] It should be noted that the limiting protrusion 212 on the support plate 210 and the groove 3311 on the first section 331 cooperate with each other to limit the position of the moving rod in the first direction in the initial state, so as to prevent the moving rod from moving when it is not activated by the exciter 400, which would cause the protection circuit to close incorrectly and improve the structural performance of the entire protection device.

[0087] It is worth noting that when the actuator 400 actuates the movable component 300, the limiting protrusion 212 can be impacted by the moving rod and disengaged from the main body 211 of the support plate 210 so that the second segment 332 can enter the first through hole 213 and engage with it.

[0088] The groove 3311 can be provided around the peripheral surface of the first segment 331, or it can be located only on a part of the surface of the first segment 331. For example, the surface of the first segment 331 can be provided with only one groove 3311 surrounding a part of its surface. Of course, the number of grooves 3311 on the surface of the first segment 331 is not limited to one, and can be set to other numbers as needed. For example, the surface of the first segment 331 can be provided with two symmetrically arranged grooves 3311; or, the surface of the first segment 331 can be provided with three grooves 3311, and the three grooves 3311 are evenly spaced along the peripheral surface of the first segment 331.

[0089] It is understandable that when several grooves 3311 are evenly distributed on the surface of the first section 331, the stability of the moving rod in the first through hole 213 in the initial state can be improved, and the axis of the moving rod can be tilted at a large angle relative to the center line of the first through hole 213, so that the moving rod can move smoothly along the first direction when it is excited by the exciter 400.

[0090] Furthermore, the size of the limiting protrusion 212 protruding from the main body 211 should not be too large or too small. If the size of the limiting protrusion 212 protruding from the main body 211 is too large, it will increase the difficulty for the moving rod to push the limiting protrusion 212 out of the main body 211, which will cause the exciter 400 to be unable to switch the movable component 300 to the excitation state, thereby affecting the structural performance of the protection device. If the size of the limiting protrusion 212 protruding from the main body 211 is too small, it will cause the limiting protrusion 212 to be unable to be effectively placed into the groove 3311, affecting the stability of the moving rod in the first direction, which may lead to the protection circuit being closed incorrectly, and the structural performance of the entire protection device cannot be guaranteed.

[0091] In one embodiment, please continue to combine Figures 2 to 3 refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The structure shown includes a fourth segment 334 along the first direction, located on the side of the second segment 332 away from the stationary contact member 100. In a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the fourth segment 334 is larger than that of the second segment 332. The fourth segment 334 and the second segment 332 form a stepped structure with a stepped surface. When the movable component 300 is in the activated state, the second segment 332 is fully inserted into the first through hole 213, and the stepped surface abuts against the surface of the main body 211 of the support plate 210 away from the stationary contact member 100.

[0092] It should be noted that the stepped surface of the fourth segment 334 can limit the maximum movement distance of the moving rod in the first direction, preventing the moving rod from moving excessively and damaging the static contact 100 when switching from the initial state to the activated state, thereby improving the structural performance of the protection device.

[0093] When setting the movable component 300, there are multiple possible structural forms for the moving rod, at least one of the following structural forms.

[0094] In one specific embodiment, please continue to combine Figures 2 to 3 refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The structure shown has a movable rod 330; the movable component 300 also includes a push rod 320, which follows the movable rod, and the movable contact 310 follows the push rod 320.

[0095] In another specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The structure shown has a movable rod, which is a moving iron core 330, and a movable contact 310 that moves with the movable rod. It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the moving iron core 330 is equivalent to... Figure 2 and Figure 3The moving iron core 330 and the push rod 320 are combined to form an integrated structure, which is triggered by the exciter 400. It should be noted that the structural design in this specific embodiment reduces the number of structural components, which simplifies the structure of the protection device and reduces assembly difficulty.

[0096] It is understandable that, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown in this specific embodiment, the movable rod is illustrated by including a first segment 331, a second segment 332, and a third segment 333. Of course, the movable rod may also include a fourth segment 334, which will not be elaborated further.

[0097] In another embodiment, please refer to Figures 8 to 11 The structure shown includes a fixing component 200 comprising a support plate 210 and a locking member 220. The support plate 210 has a second through hole 214. The locking member 220 is fixed to the support plate 210 and located outside the second through hole 214. When the movable component 300 is in the activated state, the locking member 220 engages with the movable component 300 to lock the position of the movable component 300 in the activated state. The locking member cooperates with the movable component to form a locking structure. In this embodiment, the locking structure can be understood as a mechanical self-locking structure.

[0098] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, at least a portion of the engaging member 220 fixed to the outside of the second through hole 214 of the support plate 210 is used to engage with the movable component 300 to lock the position of the moving rod in the activated state. When the position of the movable component 300 is locked by the engaging member 220, the stationary contact 100 and the moving contact 310 inside the movable component 300 can maintain continuous and effective contact, so as to resist the short-circuit electric repulsion force generated between the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 when they are in contact, so that the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 remain closed to achieve the circuit discharge function.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, the engaging member 220 is fixed to the support plate 210 on the side facing the stationary contact member 100; the engaging member 220 is provided with the following... Figure 12 The third through hole 221 shown has a smaller diameter than the second through hole 214, and its vertical projection onto the support plate 210 is located within the second through hole 214. The movable component 300 passes through the support plate 210 via the second through hole 214 and the third through hole 221. The movable component 300 includes a movable rod that can move relative to the fixed component 200 along a first direction, such as... Figure 9The movable rod shown includes a fifth segment 335, and the peripheral surface of the fifth segment 335 is provided with a groove 3311. When the movable component 300 is in the initial state, the engaging member 220 is placed outside the groove 3311; when the movable component 300 is in the activated state, at least a portion of the engaging member 220 is placed inside the groove 3311.

[0100] It should be noted that when the exciter 400 pushes the moving rod, the groove 3311 on the fifth segment 335 moves from inside the second through hole 214 to the side of the support plate 210 facing the stationary contact 100. During the movement of the groove 3311, the moving rod impacts the locking member 220, causing it to deform, so that at least a portion of the locking member 220 is placed into the groove 3311, thereby locking the position of the moving rod in the excitation state in the first direction. After the position of the moving rod in the first direction is locked by the locking member 220, the stationary contact 100 and the moving contact 310 in the movable component 300 can maintain continuous and effective contact, so as to resist the short-circuit electric repulsion force generated between the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 when they are in contact, so that the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 remain closed to achieve the circuit discharge function.

[0101] like Figure 12 As shown, the inner wall surface of the locking member 220 forming the third through hole 221 is provided with multiple interrupted notches, so that the locking member 220 can be embedded in the groove 3311, reducing the difficulty of triggering the locking structure and enabling the protection circuit to function stably and effectively.

[0102] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 8 to 11 The structure shown includes a sixth segment 336 along the first direction, located on the side of the fifth segment 335 away from the stationary contact member 100. In the plane perpendicular to the first direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the sixth segment 336 is larger than that of the fifth segment 335. The sixth segment 336 and the fifth segment 335 form a stepped structure with a stepped surface. When the movable component 300 is in the activated state, the stepped surface abuts against the surface of the main body 211 of the support plate 210 away from the stationary contact member 100.

[0103] It should be noted that the stepped surface of the sixth segment 336 can limit the maximum movement distance of the moving rod in the first direction, preventing the moving rod from moving excessively and damaging the static contact 100 when switching from the initial state to the activated state, thereby improving the structural performance of the protection device.

[0104] Similarly, when setting the movable component 300, there are multiple possible structural forms for the moving rod, at least one of the following structural forms.

[0105] In one specific embodiment, please continue to combine Figures 8 to 11The structure shown has a movable rod 330; the movable component 300 also includes a push rod 320, which follows the movable rod, and the movable contact 310 follows the push rod 320.

[0106] In another specific embodiment, the moving rod is a moving iron core 330, and the moving contact 310 follows the moving rod. It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the moving iron core 330 is equivalent to... Figures 8 to 11 The moving iron core 330 and the push rod 320 are combined to form an integrated structure, which is triggered by the exciter 400. It should be noted that the structural design in this specific embodiment reduces the number of structural components, which simplifies the structure of the protection device and reduces assembly difficulty.

[0107] It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the engaging member 220 cooperates with the moving rod to form a locking structure. Therefore, the position of the engaging member 220 needs to be fixed to prevent the engaging member 220 from failing to effectively limit the moving rod. In a specific embodiment, the engaging member 220 is welded to the surface of the support plate 210 to improve the firmness between the engaging member 220 and the support plate 210, thereby improving the locking effect of the locking structure. This allows the stationary contact 100 and the moving contact 310 in the movable component 300 to maintain continuous and effective contact. When the moving contact 310 contacts the stationary contact 100, it resists the short-circuit electric repulsion force generated between them, ensuring that the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100 remain closed to achieve the circuit discharge function.

[0108] Of course, the snap-fit ​​component 220 and the support plate 210 can also be fixed in other ways as needed, such as snap-fitting, riveting, etc., which will not be elaborated further.

[0109] In one specific embodiment, the engaging member 220 is a metal sheet to facilitate welding of the engaging member 220 to the support plate 210.

[0110] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figure 6 and Figure 8 The structure shown includes a fixing assembly 200 that also includes an insulating cover 230. The insulating cover 230 is connected to the support plate 210 to form a receiving cavity, and the static contact 100 and the dynamic contact 310 are in contact within the receiving cavity.

[0111] It should be noted that the insulating cover 230 can be a high-strength plastic cover (such as...). Figure 6 As shown), it can also be a ceramic cover (such as...). Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, the material of the insulating cover 230 can be set according to the requirements, and will not be described in detail here.

[0112] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 1 to 3 and Figure 6As shown in the structure, it is worth noting that a portion of the stationary contact 100 protrudes from the insulating cover 230, forming a lead-out end. The structure of the stationary contact 100 and its lead-out form from the insulating cover 230 may differ depending on the material of the insulating cover 230. The stationary contact 100 and the insulating cover 230 can be fixed using processes such as screwing, riveting, hot pressing, or welding.

[0113] In one embodiment, please combine Figures 1 to 3 refer to Figure 13 In the structure shown, the actuator 400 is located on the side of the movable component 300 opposite to the stationary contact 100. As an example, the actuator 400 can move the movable component 300 in a first direction.

[0114] In one embodiment, the igniter 400 includes an igniter.

[0115] It should be noted that the ignition device can be equipped with or without packing and a piston, depending on the energy requirements. Specifically, the ignition device contains packing that can be ignited to produce gas; the ignition device drives the movable component 300 through the gas. Alternatively, the ignition device contains packing and a piston rod, the packing that can be ignited to produce gas; the piston rod is located within the gas dispersion space and can be pushed by the gas to move in a first direction; the ignition device drives the movable component 300 through the piston rod.

[0116] It is worth noting that when the igniter 400 is used as an ignition device, the ignition device is ignited when the control module of the battery system triggers the igniter 400.

[0117] When setting up the exciter 400, the exciter 400 can simultaneously achieve a sealing function. Specifically, the exciter 400 can effectively seal the movable component 300. The exciter 400 can be fixed to the support plate 210 by a metal shell, or it can be fixed to the support plate 210 by a high-strength plastic guide frame. By being connected in parallel with the main circuit of the battery system, it is protected by being activated by the control module when the main circuit is short-circuited.

[0118] It should be understood that the exciter 400 and the support plate 210 can be fixed by screws, welding or other processes, which will not be described in detail here.

[0119] In one embodiment, please refer to... Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the diagram, the protection device provided in this embodiment also includes a micro switch 500, which detects the contact and separation of the moving contact 310 and the stationary contact 100, performs logic monitoring of the protection device's operation, and ensures the reliability of the protection device's operation. The micro switch 500 includes an auxiliary moving contact 510 and an auxiliary stationary contact 520. The auxiliary moving contact 510 follows the movable component 300, and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 is fixed relative to the fixed component 200. For example, the auxiliary stationary contact 520 is fixed relative to the support plate 210.

[0120] It is worth noting that the micro switch 500 can be in a normally closed state or a normally open state. When the movable component 300 is in the initial state, the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 are connected; when the movable component 300 is in the activated state, the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 are not connected. Alternatively, when the movable component 300 is in the initial state, the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 are not connected; when the movable component 300 is in the activated state, the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 are connected.

[0121] It should be understood that the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 can be connected through contact, or they can be connected through other structural components, the details of which will not be elaborated here. When the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 are connected through contact, "the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 are not connected" means "the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 are not in contact", which can be understood as having a gap greater than 0 between them.

[0122] As an example, let's take the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 as being in the normally open state. When the movable component 300 is in the initial state, the moving contact 310 is not in contact with the stationary contact 100, and the auxiliary moving contact 510 is also not in contact with the auxiliary stationary contact 520. During the transition of the movable component 300 from the initial state to the activated state, the moving contact 310 moves along the first direction, and the auxiliary moving contact 510 moves along with the moving contact 310. When the movable component 300 is in the activated state, the moving contact 310 contacts the stationary contact 100, and the auxiliary moving contact 510 contacts the auxiliary stationary contact 520.

[0123] Taking the auxiliary moving contact 510 and the auxiliary stationary contact 520 as normally closed states as an example: When the movable component 300 is in the initial state, the moving contact 310 is not in contact with the stationary contact 100, while the auxiliary moving contact 510 is in contact with the auxiliary stationary contact 520. During the process of the movable component 300 switching from the initial state to the activated state, the moving contact 310 moves along the first direction, and the auxiliary moving contact 510 moves accordingly. When the movable component 300 is in the activated state, the moving contact 310 contacts the stationary contact 100, and the auxiliary moving contact 510 disengages from the auxiliary stationary contact 520.

[0124] Furthermore, the position of the micro switch 500 is not limited to that shown in the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application, and can be set in other positions as needed, which will not be elaborated further.

[0125] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The structure shown includes a protection device that also incorporates a temperature sensor 600, located near the stationary contact 100, for monitoring the temperature of the stationary contact 100. Figure 1 As shown, the temperature sensor 600 is located on the outside of the insulating cover 230 near the lead-out end of the static contact 100. This temperature sensor 600 is connected to the battery system to monitor the temperature rise of the protection device in real time, ensuring the safety performance of the protection device.

[0126] It is worth noting that the temperature sensor 600 can be placed in other locations as needed, but details will not be elaborated here.

[0127] In one embodiment, the protective device further includes an elastic component, through which the movable rod pushes the moving contact 310 to move in a first direction. Specifically, the movable rod pushes the moving contact 310 through the elastic component to switch the movable component 300 from an initial state to an activated state, providing pressure for the movement of the movable rod.

[0128] In one specific embodiment, the elastic component includes a spring or leaf spring.

[0129] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments / implementations provided by this invention can be combined with each other without creating contradictions, and will not be described in detail here.

[0130] In the embodiments of the invention, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "link" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0131] In the description of the embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the invention.

[0132] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0133] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and variations can be made to the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A protection device, characterized in that include: The components include a static contact, a fixed assembly, a movable assembly, and an exciter, wherein: The movable component is movable relative to the fixed component, and the movable component includes a moving contact; the movable component has an initial state and an activated state. When the movable component is in the initial state, the moving contact is not connected to the stationary contact; when the movable component is in the activated state, the moving contact is connected to the stationary contact. The exciter is fixed to the fixed component and can be triggered to switch the movable component from the initial state to the excitation state.

2. The protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The movable component and the fixed component cooperate to form a locking structure, which is used to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state.

3. The protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that The fixed component is provided with a first through hole, and the movable component passes through the fixed component through the first through hole; when the movable component is in an activated state, at least a portion of the movable component is engaged in the first through hole to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state; the movable component cooperates with the first through hole to form the locking structure.

4. The protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that The fixing component includes a support plate, and the support plate is provided with the first through hole; The movable component includes a movable rod that can move relative to the fixed component along a first direction. The movable rod includes a first segment and a second segment. Along the first direction, the first segment is located on the side of the second segment facing the stationary contact member. In a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the first segment is smaller than the dimension of the first through hole, and the cross-sectional dimension of the second segment is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the first segment. When the movable component is in an initial state, at least a portion of the first segment is placed inside the first through hole, and the second segment is located outside the first through hole. When the movable component is in an activated state, at least a portion of the second segment engages within the first through hole to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state.

5. The protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that The movable rod also includes a third section, through which the first section and the second section are transitionally connected.

6. The protection device of claim 4, wherein The support plate includes a main body and a limiting protrusion. The first through hole is provided in the main body, and the limiting protrusion protrudes from the inner wall surface of the first through hole. The peripheral surface of the first segment is provided with a groove. When the movable component is in the initial state, at least a portion of the limiting protrusion is located in the groove; when the movable component is in the activated state, the limiting protrusion detaches from the main body.

7. Protection according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that The movable rod further includes a fourth segment along the first direction, the fourth segment being located on the side of the second segment away from the stationary contact member; in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the fourth segment is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the second segment; the fourth segment and the second segment form a stepped structure, the stepped structure having a stepped surface; when the movable component is in an activated state, the second segment is completely inserted into the first through hole, and the stepped surface abuts against the surface of the main body of the support plate away from the stationary contact member.

8. The protection device of claim 2, wherein The fixing component includes a support plate and a locking member. The support plate has a second through hole. The locking member is fixed to the support plate and located outside the second through hole. When the movable component is in the activated state, the locking member engages with the movable component to lock the position of the movable component in the activated state. The locking member cooperates with the movable component to form a locking structure.

9. The protection device of claim 8, wherein, The engaging component is fixed to the support plate on the side facing the stationary contact component; the engaging component has a third through hole, the diameter of which is smaller than that of the second through hole, and the vertical projection of the third through hole onto the support plate is located within the second through hole; the movable component passes through the support plate via the second through hole and the third through hole; The movable component includes a movable rod that can move relative to the fixed component along a first direction. The movable rod includes a fifth segment, and the peripheral surface of the fifth segment is provided with a groove. When the movable component is in the initial state, the engaging member is placed outside the groove; when the movable component is in the activated state, at least a portion of the engaging member is located inside the groove.

10. The protection device according to claim 9, characterized in that The engaging component is welded to the surface of the support plate.

11. The protection device according to claim 10, characterized in that The engaging component is a metal sheet.

12. Protection device according to any of claims 9-11, characterized in that The movable rod further includes a sixth segment, which is located on the side of the fifth segment away from the stationary contact member along the first direction; in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the sixth segment is larger than that of the fifth segment; the sixth segment and the fifth segment form a stepped structure, the stepped structure having a stepped surface, and when the movable component is in an activated state, the stepped surface abuts against the surface of the main body of the support plate away from the stationary contact member.

13. The protective device of claims 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, or 11, wherein, The movable rod is a moving iron core; the movable component also includes a push rod, which moves with the movable rod, and the movable contact moves with the push rod; Alternatively, the movable rod is a moving iron core, and the moving contact follows the movable rod.

14. The protective device of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, or 11, wherein, The number of static contacts is two, and the two static contacts can contact and detach from the two ends of the moving contact.

15. The protective device of claims 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, or 11, wherein, The fixing assembly also includes an insulating cover, which is connected to the support plate to form a receiving cavity, and the static contact and the dynamic contact are in contact within the receiving cavity.

16. The protective device of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, or 11, wherein, The moving contact is located on one side of the stationary contact, and the exciter is located on the side of the movable component opposite to the stationary contact.

17. The protective device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that, The igniter includes an igniter.

18. The protection device of claim 17, wherein, The ignition device contains packing material that can be ignited to generate gas; the ignition device uses the gas to drive the movable component. Alternatively, the ignition device may contain a packing material and a piston rod, wherein the packing material can be ignited to generate gas; the piston rod is located within the gas dispersion space and can be pushed by the gas; the ignition device pushes the movable component through the piston rod.

19. The protective device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that, The protection device also includes a temperature sensor located near the stationary contact element for monitoring the temperature of the stationary contact element.

20. The protective device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that, The protection device also includes a micro switch, which includes an auxiliary moving contact and an auxiliary stationary contact. The auxiliary moving contact moves with the movable component, and the auxiliary stationary contact is fixed relative to the fixed component. When the movable component is in the initial state, the auxiliary moving contact and the auxiliary stationary contact are connected; when the movable component is in the activated state, the auxiliary moving contact and the auxiliary stationary contact are not connected. Alternatively, when the movable component is in the initial state, the auxiliary moving contact and the auxiliary stationary contact are not connected; when the movable component is in the activated state, the auxiliary moving contact and the auxiliary stationary contact are connected.

21. The protective device of claims 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, or 11, wherein, The protective device also includes an elastic component, through which the movable rod pushes the moving contact to move in the first direction.

22. The protection device of claim 21, wherein, The elastic component includes a spring or a leaf spring.

23. A protection circuit, characterized by Includes the protective device as described in any one of claims 1-22.

24. A battery system characterized by, Includes the protective device as described in any one of claims 1-22.

25. A battery system characterized by, Includes the protection circuit as described in claim 23.

26. The battery system of claim 25, wherein, It also includes a main circuit, and the protection circuit is connected in parallel with the main circuit, which can allow the remaining residual current in the main circuit when it is interrupted to pass through.

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