Buck-boost converter, method and system for controlling a dc microgrid based on a voltage regulator and medium

Abstract

This invention discloses a DC microgrid control method, system, and medium based on a voltage regulator. The method includes: acquiring real-time operating data of DC microgrid components, including distributed power sources, energy storage units, and load units; calculating power balance results based on the operating data; determining the current voltage regulation mode based on the power balance results, including a power balance state mode, a power surplus state mode, and a power deficit state mode; and allocating regulation tasks to the DC microgrid components according to a fixed ratio based on the current voltage regulation mode, enabling the DC microgrid components to perform coordinated actions and achieve power balance. This invention can achieve efficient coordinated control of distributed power sources, energy storage units, and load units, quickly stabilize the bus voltage, dynamically maintain power balance, and improve the operational stability, response speed, and regulation accuracy of the DC microgrid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microgrid control technology, specifically relating to a DC microgrid control method, system, and medium based on a voltage regulator. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale popularization of distributed renewable energy and the rapid growth of DC load, DC microgrids have become the core carrier for renewable energy consumption and distribution network upgrading due to their advantages such as low energy loss and no need for frequent AC-DC conversion. The stability of DC bus voltage is the core prerequisite for the normal operation of DC microgrids. Most existing DC microgrids adopt a passive voltage regulation control mode, relying on the ex-post adjustment of conventional voltage regulator components. Moreover, the control of voltage regulators and distributed power sources and energy storage units is independent, which has significant limitations and makes it difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale and intelligent operation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the limitations of existing technologies, such as the single control mode, unreasonable allocation of adjustment tasks, inability to quickly coordinate voltage stabilization and dynamically maintain power balance, which affect the stability and control accuracy of the system. This invention provides a voltage regulator-based DC microgrid control method, system, and medium.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a DC microgrid control method based on a voltage regulator, comprising: acquiring real-time operating data of DC microgrid components, wherein the DC microgrid components include distributed power sources, energy storage units, and load units; calculating a power balance result based on the operating data; determining a current voltage regulation mode based on the power balance result, wherein the current voltage regulation mode includes: a power balance state mode, a power surplus state mode, and a power deficit state mode; and allocating regulation tasks to the DC microgrid components according to a fixed ratio based on the current voltage regulation mode, so that the DC microgrid components perform coordinated actions to achieve power balance.

[0005] In one optional implementation, real-time acquisition of operating data of DC microgrid components specifically includes: triggering synchronous acquisition of raw operating data based on the collaborative scheduling module; and smoothing the raw operating data using a moving average method to obtain the operating data.

[0006] In one optional implementation, the power balance result is calculated based on the operating data, specifically including: calculating the total real-time output based on the smoothed distributed power output data; and calculating the power balance result based on the real-time load demand and the total real-time output. : In the formula, For the total real-time output of distributed power sources; This is the smoothed real-time load demand.

[0007] In one optional implementation, determining the current voltage regulation mode based on the power balance result specifically includes: acquiring the real-time DC bus voltage, with the acquisition time synchronized with the data acquisition time of the operating data; calculating the deviation between the real-time DC bus voltage and the rated voltage to obtain the real-time bus voltage deviation; comparing the power balance threshold with the power balance result to obtain the power balance comparison result; determining the power balance state based on the power balance comparison result and the real-time bus voltage deviation, wherein the power balance state includes a power balance state, a power surplus state, and a power deficit state; and determining the current voltage regulation mode based on the power balance state.

[0008] In one optional implementation, during the power balance state, the execution of the power balance state mode employs PID control, and the formula for the PID control is as follows: In the formula, This is the output control voltage for the voltage regulator; This is the proportionality coefficient; The integral coefficient; The integral term of the voltage deviation; the fine-tuning amplitude is limited to... .

[0009] In one optional implementation, the execution of the power excess state mode is performed using a step-down calculation formula: In the formula, The required voltage reduction; The equivalent resistance of the system is calculated using real-time voltage and current data. ,in The total system current; the upper limit of the voltage drop is set to... .

[0010] In one alternative implementation, during a power shortage state, the power shortage state mode is calculated using the boost amplitude: In the formula, This is the required boost pressure.

[0011] In one alternative implementation, under conditions of excess power, the excess power adjustment task is allocated according to the ratio of 10% reduction in output of distributed power sources, 70% charging of energy storage, and 20% activation of flexible loads; under conditions of power deficit, the deficit power replenishment task is allocated according to the ratio of 10% increase in output of distributed power sources, 70% discharge of energy storage, and 20% shutdown of flexible loads.

[0012] On the other hand, this invention also proposes a DC microgrid control system based on a voltage regulator, comprising: a voltage regulator unit, including a voltage regulation module and a collaborative scheduling module, which acquires real-time operating data of the DC microgrid components; a distributed power control unit, which is communicatively connected to the collaborative scheduling module, and after receiving an output adjustment command, adjusts the output by adjusting the operating voltage range of the components; an energy storage control unit, which is communicatively connected to the collaborative scheduling module, and after receiving a charge / discharge command, controls the charging and discharging current and power of the energy storage components; and a load control unit, which is communicatively connected to the collaborative scheduling module, and after receiving a switching / power adjustment command, adjusts its own operating state; wherein, the collaborative scheduling module calculates a power balance result based on the operating data, determines the current voltage regulation mode based on the power balance result, and allocates regulation tasks to the DC microgrid components according to a fixed ratio based on the current voltage regulation mode, so that the DC microgrid components perform coordinated actions to achieve power balance.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the voltage regulator-based DC microgrid control methods described in the present invention.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by collecting DC microgrid operation data in real time, accurately calculating the power balance state, combining the adaptive switching of the voltage regulation mode with the bus voltage deviation, and allocating the regulation task according to a fixed ratio, the invention achieves efficient collaborative control of distributed power sources, energy storage units and load units, quickly stabilizes the bus voltage, dynamically maintains the power balance, and improves the operation stability, response speed and regulation accuracy of the DC microgrid. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the composition of a voltage regulator-based DC microgrid control system provided for one embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 A flowchart of a frequency control method for a battery energy storage system provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 A flowchart of a DC microgrid control method based on a voltage regulator provided for another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Traditional voltage regulators mostly adopt a "voltage over-limit - feedback regulation" mode, which only intervenes after the bus voltage becomes abnormal. When faced with sudden changes in power output or load, the regulation delay can easily lead to excessive voltage fluctuations, affecting the operation of sensitive loads. In addition, the regulation logic of the voltage regulator is independent of the control of distributed power sources, energy storage units, and loads, without forming a linkage mechanism. This can easily lead to regulation conflicts, resulting in severe energy curtailment when there is an oversupply of renewable energy and an inability to make up for the shortfall in a timely manner.

[0019] This invention aims to solve the core problems existing in current DC microgrid voltage regulation and control technology:

[0020] (1) Lagging voltage regulation response: Due to the adoption of "post-event adjustment" logic, there is a lack of early intervention mechanism based on real-time power balance, resulting in low voltage fluctuation control accuracy and easy damage to system components;

[0021] (2) Multi-component coordination conflict: Because a linkage control system with the voltage regulator as the core has not been built, each component operates independently and the adjustment action lacks coordination, which can easily lead to problems such as new energy curtailment, energy storage charging and discharging conflict with voltage regulator adjustment;

[0022] (3) Poor adaptability to operating conditions: Because the voltage regulator adjustment parameters are fixed and not dynamically adjusted in combination with the real-time operating status, the voltage regulation effect is poor and the component loss is large in scenarios such as grid-connected / islanded switching, output / load fluctuation.

[0023] In summary, existing technologies have significant shortcomings in terms of voltage regulation response speed, multi-component coordination capability, and operating condition adaptability. There is an urgent need for an integrated control method and system that combines real-time sensing, active voltage regulation, and collaborative scheduling to solve the problems of slow response, multiple conflicts, low efficiency, and poor adaptability of traditional methods, and to provide technical support for the large-scale and stable operation of DC microgrids.

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, according to an embodiment of the present invention, in one aspect, a DC microgrid control system based on a voltage regulator is proposed. This system is an active voltage regulator DC microgrid control system, with an active voltage regulator unit as the core, linking six functional units. The system structure diagram is attached. Figure 1 As shown, the specific components and functions are as follows:

[0026] The voltage regulator unit, including a voltage regulation module and a collaborative scheduling module, acquires real-time operating data of the DC microgrid components;

[0027] The distributed power control unit communicates with the collaborative scheduling module. After receiving the output adjustment command, it adjusts the output fine-tuning by adjusting the operating voltage range of the components.

[0028] The energy storage control unit communicates with the collaborative scheduling module and controls the charging and discharging current and power of the energy storage components after receiving charging and discharging commands.

[0029] The load control unit communicates with the coordinated dispatch module and adjusts its own working status after receiving switching / power adjustment commands.

[0030] The coordinated scheduling module calculates the power balance result based on the operating data, determines the current voltage regulation mode based on the power balance result, and allocates regulation tasks to the DC microgrid components according to a fixed ratio based on the current voltage regulation mode, so that the DC microgrid components can perform coordinated actions to achieve power balance.

[0031] The voltage regulator unit is the core control and execution unit of the system, integrating a voltage regulation module and a collaborative scheduling module. Its internal module structure is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown.

[0032] The voltage regulator module adopts a controllable rectification topology and includes IGBT power devices, a filter unit, and a drive circuit. After receiving instructions from the coordinated scheduling module, it adjusts the output voltage and current characteristics in real time by adjusting the IGBT conduction angle to maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage.

[0033] The collaborative scheduling module serves as the control core, communicating with other unit control modules via industrial Ethernet to issue commands for power adjustment, charging and discharging, and load switching. It also receives feedback data from each unit and dynamically adjusts the scheduling strategy based on the real-time power balance status. The module has a built-in cache for temporary data storage.

[0034] The distributed power unit includes distributed photovoltaic modules, wind power modules, and a supporting distributed power control unit.

[0035] The control unit has built-in basic control logic and is interconnected with the active voltage regulator's co-scheduling module via a fieldbus. After receiving the output adjustment command, it adjusts the component's operating voltage range to achieve fine-tuning of the output. At the same time, it collects its own real-time output data through a current sensor and feeds it back to the active voltage regulator and monitoring unit on a periodic basis.

[0036] The energy storage unit includes multiple sets of lithium battery energy storage components and a matching energy storage control unit. The control unit includes charge and discharge management circuits and heat dissipation protection circuits. It is interconnected with the active voltage regulator co-schedule module via a fieldbus. After receiving charge and discharge commands, it controls the charge and discharge current and power of the energy storage components. At the same time, it collects data such as state of charge, charge and discharge status, and battery temperature, and feeds them back to the active voltage regulator and monitoring unit.

[0037] The load unit includes rigid loads and flexible loads, each equipped with a load control unit. The rigid load maintains normal operating conditions, while the flexible load control unit is interconnected with the active voltage regulator's collaborative scheduling module via a relay output interface. After receiving switching / power adjustment commands, it adjusts its own operating status (start / stop, power level switching) and simultaneously collects real-time load data through voltage and current sensors, feeding it back to the active voltage regulator and monitoring unit.

[0038] The monitoring unit includes multiple sensor components distributed across various nodes of the system. These sensors collect system operating data at a preset frequency, and the raw data is synchronously sent to the active voltage regulator. Specifically, it includes:

[0039] Current sensor: Collects output current of distributed power source, charging and discharging current of energy storage, and load current;

[0040] Voltage sensor: Collects DC bus voltage, distributed power source output voltage, and energy storage terminal voltage;

[0041] Status sensors: collect data on the operating status of the active voltage regulator and the communication status of each component;

[0042] The data storage unit uses an industrial-grade solid-state drive, which connects to the active voltage regulator unit through a standard interface to store system operation data, including distributed power output data, energy storage unit status data, load consumption data, active voltage regulator adjustment parameters and control records.

[0043] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also proposes a DC microgrid control method based on a voltage regulator, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step S101: Acquire real-time operating data of DC microgrid components, which include distributed power sources, energy storage units, and load units.

[0045] By collecting real-time operating data from distributed power sources, energy storage units, and load units, the real-time operating status of each core component of the DC microgrid can be accurately grasped. This provides a real and comprehensive data source for subsequent power balance calculations and voltage regulation control, avoiding control decision deviations caused by data lag or missing data, and ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of the entire control process.

[0046] Step S103: Calculate the power balance result based on the operating data.

[0047] Based on real-time operational data, the power balance results can be calculated to quantitatively determine the current power supply and demand relationship of the DC microgrid, clarify whether the system is in a power balance, surplus, or deficit state, provide a quantitative basis for the selection of voltage regulation mode, achieve accurate identification of the system power state, and avoid blind regulation.

[0048] Step S105: Determine the voltage regulation mode based on the power balance result. The current voltage regulation modes include: power balance mode, power surplus mode and power deficit mode.

[0049] By combining the bus voltage deviation and power balance results, the system can switch between three voltage regulation modes: power balance, excess, and shortage. This allows it to adapt to the voltage regulation requirements of DC microgrids under different power conditions, enabling dynamic and precise control of the bus voltage, quickly suppressing voltage fluctuations, maintaining the stability of the DC bus voltage, and ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the microgrid.

[0050] Step S107: Based on the power balance results, the adjustment tasks are allocated to the DC microgrid components according to a fixed ratio, so that the DC microgrid components perform coordinated actions to achieve power balance.

[0051] The fixed-ratio allocation of regulation tasks enables coordinated regulation of distributed power sources, energy storage units, and load units, avoiding problems such as excessive load or lag in regulation of a single component, and improving the response speed and efficiency of power regulation. At the same time, coordinated action can quickly correct power imbalance, efficiently achieve system power balance, and further enhance the voltage stabilization effect and operational stability of DC microgrids.

[0052] This invention achieves the following technical effects by constructing an active voltage regulator core control architecture, a real-time power balance sensing mechanism, and a multi-component proportional collaborative scheduling strategy: it initiates regulation in advance based on real-time power balance status, avoiding voltage overshoot and significantly reducing voltage fluctuations; it achieves deep linkage between the voltage regulator and distributed power sources, energy storage, and loads, improving the renewable energy absorption rate without regulation conflicts; and it dynamically adjusts the collaborative strategy based on real-time operating conditions, requiring no manual intervention, adapting to all scenarios such as grid-connected / islanded switching and output / load fluctuations, and reducing component losses.

[0053] Further, step S101 involves acquiring real-time operating data of the DC microgrid components, specifically including the following steps:

[0054] Step S1011: Trigger synchronous collection of raw running data based on the collaborative scheduling module;

[0055] The collaborative scheduling module generates timed interrupts to trigger synchronous data acquisition from each sensor, eliminating the time difference in data acquisition between components, avoiding power calculation errors caused by data asynchrony, ensuring the time consistency of the original operating data, and laying the foundation for subsequent accurate power balance calculations.

[0056] Step S1013: Smooth the original running data using the moving average method to obtain the running data.

[0057] The 5-point moving average method is used to smooth the raw data of photovoltaic, wind power and load, effectively filtering out high-frequency fluctuation interference. At the same time, it takes into account both response speed and smoothing effect, so as to obtain stable and reliable operating data, avoid frequent jitter of control commands caused by high-frequency noise interference, and improve the stability of system control.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the voltage regulator collects the operating data of each component in real time through the monitoring unit, and performs data processing and power balance calculation every 100ms. The specific operation is as follows:

[0059] Data acquisition trigger: A 10Hz timer interrupt is generated by the collaborative scheduling module of the active voltage regulator to trigger the synchronous acquisition of data by each sensor. The acquisition time is synchronized between sensors through a synchronization signal to avoid calculation errors caused by data time difference.

[0060] Data smoothing: The raw data is smoothed using a moving average method to eliminate high-frequency fluctuation interference. The specific formula is as follows:

[0061] ;

[0062] ;

[0063] ;

[0064] In the formula, For smoothed real-time photovoltaic output; The smoothed real-time wind power output; For smoothed real-time load demand; , , These are the original data from the five most recent acquisitions; the moving average window selects five data points to balance response speed and smoothing effect.

[0065] Step S103, calculate the power balance result based on the operating data, specifically including the following steps:

[0066] Step S1031: Calculate the total real-time output based on the smoothed distributed power output data;

[0067] The output of smoothed distributed power sources such as photovoltaic and wind power is summed to accurately quantify the total power generation capacity of the system, avoid the impact of fluctuations in data from a single power source on the overall judgment, and provide a reliable total output benchmark for power supply and demand matching.

[0068] Step S1033: Calculate the power balance result based on the real-time load demand and the total real-time output. :

[0069] ;

[0070] In the formula, For the total real-time output of distributed power sources; This is the smoothed real-time load demand.

[0071] By calculating the difference between total output and smoothed load demand, the system's power surplus or deficit status can be determined intuitively and quantitatively, providing a clear quantitative basis for subsequent switching of voltage regulation modes and coordinated control, and ensuring that the control strategy accurately matches the real-time power status of the system.

[0072] when When this occurs, it is determined to be a state of power surplus, meaning that the output of new energy sources exceeds the load demand; when When this occurs, it is determined to be a power deficit state, meaning that the output of new energy sources is less than the load demand; when At this time, it is determined to be a power balance state, and the system supply and demand are basically balanced; among which The power balance threshold is set to a value of [value to be filled in]. (i.e., 5% of load demand), this threshold is set based on the allowable range of load fluctuations in the DC microgrid and can be adjusted through the parameter configuration interface of the active voltage regulator.

[0073] The smoothed data and power balance calculation results are stored in the data storage unit and simultaneously synchronized to the active voltage regulator's collaborative scheduling module cache for subsequent steps.

[0074] Step S105: Determine the current voltage regulation mode based on the power balance results, specifically including the following steps:

[0075] Step S1051: Collect the real-time voltage of the DC bus, and synchronize the collection time with the data collection time of the operating data;

[0076] Bus voltage and operating data are collected synchronously to ensure that the time base of voltage and power data is consistent, avoiding misjudgment of status due to time difference in collection, and providing an accurate and synchronous data source for subsequent voltage deviation calculation and power status determination.

[0077] Step S1053: Calculate the deviation between the real-time DC bus voltage and the rated voltage to obtain the real-time bus voltage deviation;

[0078] Based on the obtained power balance status and real-time bus voltage data, differentiated voltage regulation is performed to avoid voltage exceeding limits. The specific operation is as follows:

[0079] Voltage data acquisition: Real-time DC bus voltage is acquired via a voltage sensor. The data collection time is synchronized with the data collection time during operation to avoid decision-making bias caused by time difference.

[0080] Voltage deviation calculation: The deviation between the real-time bus voltage and the rated voltage is calculated using the following formula:

[0081] ;

[0082] In the formula, This refers to the bus voltage deviation. This is the rated voltage of the busbar; This indicates that the voltage is too high. This indicates that the voltage is too low.

[0083] By calculating the voltage deviation, the degree of bus voltage deviation is quantified, which intuitively reflects the system's voltage regulation requirements, provides a voltage-dimensional basis for voltage regulation, and enables accurate monitoring of bus voltage stability.

[0084] Step S1055: Compare the power balance threshold with the power balance result to obtain the power balance comparison result;

[0085] By quickly determining the degree of power imbalance through threshold comparison, and distinguishing between power balance, excess, and deficit states, the hierarchical identification of power states can be achieved, providing a clear power dimension basis for selecting the voltage regulation mode.

[0086] Step S1057: Determine the power balance status based on the power balance comparison results and real-time bus voltage deviation. The power balance status includes power balance status, power surplus status, and power deficit status.

[0087] By integrating power balance and voltage deviation as dual indicators to comprehensively determine the system status, the system avoids misjudgment based on a single indicator, improves the accuracy and reliability of status identification, and ensures that the voltage regulation mode is adapted to the actual operating conditions of the system.

[0088] Step S1059: Determine the current voltage regulation mode based on the power balance state.

[0089] By matching a dedicated voltage regulation mode according to different power states, targeted regulation can be achieved, quickly smoothing voltage fluctuations, correcting power imbalances, improving the voltage regulation response speed and control accuracy of DC microgrids, and ensuring bus voltage stability.

[0090] In the power balance state, At this point, the system supply and demand are basically balanced, and only voltage drift needs to be suppressed. Fine-tuning is achieved using simple PID control. The power balance mode is executed using PID control, and the PID control formula is as follows:

[0091] ;

[0092] In the formula, This is the output control voltage of the voltage regulator, used to drive the IGBT drive circuit; This is a proportionality coefficient, fixed at 0.6, calibrated based on the system's dynamic response characteristics; This is the integral coefficient, a fixed value of 0.2, used to eliminate static error; The integral term of the voltage deviation is defined with an integration time window of 1 second to avoid integration saturation; the fine-tuning amplitude is limited to... This prevents voltage fluctuations caused by frequent adjustments.

[0093] In a state of excess power, At this time, the output of new energy sources is excessive, and there is a risk that the bus voltage will rise beyond the limit. It is necessary to intervene by reducing the voltage in advance. The execution of the power excess state mode adopts the formula for calculating the voltage reduction range:

[0094] ;

[0095] In the formula, The required voltage reduction; The equivalent resistance of the system is calculated using real-time voltage and current data. ,in The total system current is collected by a total current sensor; the upper limit of the voltage drop is set to... (i.e., 2% of the rated voltage) to avoid load shock caused by excessively rapid voltage drop.

[0096] Under power shortage conditions At this time, the output of new energy sources is insufficient, and there is a risk of the bus voltage dropping beyond the limit. It is necessary to intervene by boosting the voltage in advance. The power shortage state mode is calculated using the boosting magnitude:

[0097] ;

[0098] In the formula, The required boost voltage range; the upper limit of the boost voltage range is also set to [value]. This is to avoid overvoltage damage to components caused by excessively rapid voltage increase.

[0099] The adjustment trajectory is as follows:

[0100] Set the boost / buck regulation rate The voltage regulator module adjusts according to a linear trajectory to avoid voltage surges. The adjustment trajectory formula is:

[0101] ;

[0102] ;

[0103] In the formula, t represents the regulator output voltage at time t; t is the adjustment time (s). To adjust the required time ( "+" corresponds to boost mode, and "-" corresponds to buck mode; This indicates that the final output voltage is adjusted around the rated voltage, and the buck mode is... Boost mode is ;

[0104] To verify the adjustment effect, the bus voltage is sampled every 50ms after the adjustment is executed. The adjustment effect is verified by: if the voltage deviation... If the voltage deviation exceeds 1% of the rated voltage, the adjustment is considered effective and the current output is maintained. If the voltage deviation still exceeds the threshold after adjustment, the adjustment range is recalculated and the adjustment is performed again. The adjustment can be performed continuously up to 3 times. If the standard is still not met, an alarm signal is issued.

[0105] While performing voltage regulation, the voltage regulator's collaborative scheduling module allocates regulation tasks according to a fixed ratio based on the power balance state, and coordinates distributed power sources, energy storage units, and flexible loads to perform collaborative actions to achieve power balance and avoid excessive regulation pressure on a single component.

[0106] In a power balance state, the collaborative scheduling module does not need to issue additional adjustment commands, but only monitors the operating status of each unit in real time: it receives feedback data from each component every 500ms (including output, SOC, temperature, communication status, etc.), and uses state machine logic to determine whether the component is operating normally (e.g., the temperature of the energy storage unit exceeds 45℃, which is considered abnormal; the communication interruption of the distributed power source is considered abnormal). If a component abnormality is detected, an alarm signal is immediately issued (simultaneously through an audible and visual alarm and a communication interface), and the abnormal information (including the abnormal component ID, abnormality type, and occurrence time) is recorded to the data storage unit without affecting the normal operation of the system.

[0107] In the case of excess power, the excess power adjustment task is allocated according to the following proportions: 10% reduction in output of distributed power sources, 70% charging of energy storage, and 20% activation of flexible loads.

[0108] By allocating excess power regulation tasks according to the proportions of 10% reduction in output of distributed power sources, 70% for energy storage charging, and 20% for flexible load activation, rapid power balance can be ensured.

[0109] When regulating the output of distributed power sources, it is necessary to calculate the regulation amount. Based on the principle of proportional allocation, the reduction in output of photovoltaic and wind power should be calculated.

[0110] ;

[0111] ;

[0112] In the formula, The output of photovoltaic power needs to be reduced; The power output of wind power needs to be reduced; the adjustment amount is allocated according to the current power output ratio to avoid excessive reduction of power output of a single power source.

[0113] The collaborative scheduling module sends the target output command to the distributed power control unit via the fieldbus: , The target output must not be lower than the minimum output threshold of the module (the minimum output of photovoltaic modules is 10% of the rated value, and the minimum output of wind power modules is 5% of the rated value); the instruction format adopts hexadecimal and includes the module ID, target output, and check code fields.

[0114] Feedback verification is performed: After the distributed power source executes the command, it feeds back the actual output data every 100ms, and the collaborative scheduling module calculates the output adjustment error. If the error is ≤ ±2%, the adjustment is deemed effective; if the error is > ±2%, the instruction is reissued, and the process can be repeated a maximum of 2 times.

[0115] The energy storage unit needs to calculate the charging power for charging control: based on the proportional allocation principle, the excess power that the energy storage unit needs to absorb is calculated.

[0116] ;

[0117] Charging current calculation: Convert charging power to charging current using the following formula:

[0118] ;

[0119] In the formula: This is the charging current for energy storage.

[0120] Constraint verification: Considering the safe operation of the energy storage unit, the following constraints are set: ① Upper limit of charging current , ① Rated charging current for energy storage; ② SOC upper limit 90% (avoid overcharging); if Then take ;like ,but The unabsorbed power is transferred to the flexible load.

[0121] Command issuance and verification: The charging current command is issued to the energy storage control unit via the fieldbus. After the energy storage unit executes the operation, it feeds back the actual charging current and SOC. The collaborative scheduling module verifies that the charging current error is ≤±1A and the SOC does not exceed 95%. If these conditions are not met, the charging current is adjusted.

[0122] Energy storage charging strictly limits the upper limit of current and the upper limit of SOC (≤90%) to avoid overcharging; the output of distributed power sources is not lower than the minimum threshold to prevent shutdown and ensure the safe operation and service life of components.

[0123] When implementing flexible load start-up control, start-up power calculation is required: Based on the proportional allocation principle and the actual absorbed power of energy storage, calculate the total power of the flexible load to be started.

[0124] ;

[0125] In the formula, The total power of the flexible loads that need to be started; The actual absorbable power of energy storage; The function ensures that only excess power that the energy storage cannot absorb is allocated to flexible loads.

[0126] Load selection logic: Sort flexible loads by rated power from largest to smallest, and prioritize starting loads with rated power close to the rated power. Reduce the load, decrease the number of start-up loads, and lower the control complexity. Start-up quantity calculation:

[0127] ;

[0128] In the formula, The number of units (units) required to be activated for the j-th type of flexible load; The rated power of the j-th type of flexible load; This is a rounding function; if starting a single type of load cannot meet the power demand, then other types of loads will be started sequentially until the total starting power is ≥ .

[0129] Flexible loads are started in descending order of rated power, prioritizing matching the target power, reducing the number of starts, lowering control complexity, and balancing absorption effect with system operating efficiency.

[0130] Command Issuance and Verification: A start command is issued to the flexible load control unit via the relay output interface, specifying the type and quantity of the load to be started; after load start-up, the operating status and actual power consumption are fed back, and the collaborative scheduling module verifies that the total power consumption is ≥ (10% error allowed), if not met, additional load will be started.

[0131] Closed-loop correction: The power balance calculation in step 1 is re-executed every 100ms. Still > Then adjust the adjustment amount of each component again according to the above proportions until... This completes the power balance.

[0132] The distributed power source provides high-frequency feedback output within 100ms, with an error of ≤±2% for validity determination, and a retry mechanism to ensure proper adjustment; both energy storage and load execute command verification, resulting in high control accuracy and reliable execution.

[0133] like Figure 3 As shown, the implementation steps of the method of the present invention may further include:

[0134] The system starts up and performs initialization configuration (parameter loading + component self-check).

[0135] Determine if the self-test passes; if it fails, issue an alarm and stop the machine; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0136] Real-time acquisition of operating data such as power supply, load, voltage, and status;

[0137] The collected data is verified and preprocessed using smoothing filtering.

[0138] Power balance calculations are performed based on preprocessed data;

[0139] Operating condition assessment distinguishes between three states: power balance, power surplus, and power deficit.

[0140] Power balance: PID fine-tuning voltage regulation suppresses voltage drift;

[0141] Excess power: Active step-down regulation + multi-component collaborative absorption (power supply down by 10% + energy storage up by 70% + load up by 20%).

[0142] Power shortage: Active boost regulation + multi-component collaborative energy replenishment (power supply boost 10% + energy storage release 70% + load shutdown 20%).

[0143] Perform voltage / power verification. If the voltage / power meets the standard, maintain the current state; otherwise, return to the real-time data acquisition step and repeat the process.

[0144] In the event of a power shortage, the task of supplementing the power shortage is allocated according to the following proportions: 10% of the output of distributed power sources, 70% of the energy storage discharge, and 20% of the flexible load shutdown.

[0145] In the event of a power shortage, the power shortage compensation task is allocated according to the following proportions: 10% for distributed power generation, 70% for energy storage discharge, and 20% for flexible load shutdown, to ensure voltage stability.

[0146] Specifically, to increase the output of distributed power sources, the target output is calculated as follows: the distributed power sources are controlled to switch to maximum power output mode, with the target output being 1.1 times the current smooth output, and not exceeding the rated power of the components.

[0147] ;

[0148] ;

[0149] In the formula, Rated total output of photovoltaic modules; This refers to the rated total output of the wind power components.

[0150] Command Issuance and Verification: The target output command is issued to the distributed power source control unit via the fieldbus. The distributed power source switches to MPPT mode to maximize output. After execution, the actual output is fed back, and the collaborative scheduling module verifies that the output increase is ≥ If the conditions are not met, the current output will be maintained to avoid component overload.

[0151] Perform discharge control of the energy storage unit and calculate the discharge power: Based on the proportional allocation principle, calculate the power that the energy storage unit needs to release.

[0152] ;

[0153] Discharge current calculation: Convert discharge power to discharge current using the following formula:

[0154] ;

[0155] In the formula, This is the energy storage discharge current.

[0156] Perform constraint verification: Set constraint conditions: ① Upper limit of discharge current ② SOC lower limit 20% (to avoid over-discharge); if Then take ;like ,but The unfilled power gap in this section will be transferred to flexible load shutdown;

[0157] Command issuance and verification: Discharge current commands are issued to the energy storage control unit via fieldbus. After the energy storage unit executes, it feeds back the actual discharge current and SOC. The collaborative scheduling module verifies that the discharge current error is ≤±1A and the SOC is not less than 15%. If these conditions are not met, the discharge current is adjusted.

[0158] To implement flexible load shutdown control, calculate the shutdown power: Based on the proportional allocation principle and the actual released power of energy storage, calculate the total power of the flexible loads that need to be shut down.

[0159] In the formula, The total power of the flexible loads that need to be shut down; This refers to the actual release power of the stored energy.

[0160] Load selection logic: Loads are sorted from low to high priority based on flexible load priority (non-essential loads take precedence, such as LED lighting > electric vehicle charging stations). Lower priority loads are shut down first to minimize impact on users. The number of loads shut down is calculated as follows:

[0161] ;

[0162] In the formula: This represents the number of flexible loads of type j that need to be shut down.

[0163] Command Issuance and Verification: Shutdown commands are issued to the flexible load control unit via the relay output interface, specifying the type and quantity of loads to be shut down; after load shutdown, the operating status is fed back, and the collaborative scheduling module verifies that the total shutdown power is ≥ If the conditions are not met, the additional load will be shut down.

[0164] Closed-loop correction: The power balance calculation in step 1 is re-executed every 100ms. Still < Then adjust the adjustment amount of each component again according to the above proportions until... This completes the power balance.

[0165] Strict verification of the upper limit of current and the lower limit of SOC (≥20%) during energy storage discharge can prevent damage from over-discharge; the output of distributed power sources does not exceed the rated value to prevent component overload and improve system safety and lifespan.

[0166] Loads are shut down from low to high priority (non-essential loads are prioritized), and the number of shutdowns is calculated quantitatively to minimize the impact on users' electricity consumption, balancing control effectiveness with user experience.

[0167] After the command is issued, the execution effect is checked in real time (≥90% compliance rate). If the target is not met, additional adjustments are made. Closed-loop correction is performed every 100ms to ensure that power balance is achieved quickly and the control accuracy is high.

[0168] This invention breaks through the technical bottlenecks of existing passive voltage regulation and independent component control in DC microgrids, and constructs a "real-time sensing-active voltage regulation-proportional coordination" control system with an active voltage regulator as the core. By collecting real-time operating data of distributed power sources, energy storage, and loads, it calculates the system power balance status, predicts voltage fluctuation risks in advance, and initiates boost or buck regulation before the voltage exceeds the limit. At the same time, it allocates regulation tasks according to a fixed ratio, and coordinates the distributed power sources, energy storage units, and flexible loads to achieve voltage stability, power balance, and efficient consumption of new energy sources simultaneously.

[0169] The core control architecture of the active voltage regulator of this invention integrates dual functions of voltage regulation and collaborative scheduling. As the core node for system voltage control and multi-component linkage, it interconnects with each unit through a standardized communication interface to achieve simultaneous advancement of voltage regulation and power balance. Based on a real-time power balance-based active voltage regulation method, it intervenes in voltage fluctuations in advance through data preprocessing, power balance calculation, and linear adjustment trajectory control, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional passive regulation with lag in response. The proportionalized multi-component collaborative scheduling strategy, based on power surplus or deficit, defines the adjustment weights, calculation logic, and constraints of distributed power sources, energy storage units, and flexible loads according to a preset ratio, achieving deep multi-component collaboration.

[0170] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a computer storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the following: a DC microgrid control method based on a voltage regulator.

[0171] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Dual Data SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), Direct Memory Bus Dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Memory Bus Dynamic RAM (RDRAM). The various embodiments described in this specification are presented in a progressive manner, and similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for embodiments of apparatus, devices, and non-volatile computer storage media, since they are substantially similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiments.

[0172] The above embodiments are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A voltage regulator based DC microgrid control method, characterized in that, include: Real-time acquisition of operational data of DC microgrid components, which include distributed power sources, energy storage units, and load units; The power balance result is calculated based on the aforementioned operating data; The current voltage regulation mode is determined based on the power balance result. The current voltage regulation mode includes: power balance mode, power surplus mode and power deficit mode. Based on the current voltage regulation mode, the DC microgrid components are allocated regulation tasks according to a fixed ratio, so that the DC microgrid components perform coordinated actions to achieve power balance.

2. The regulator-based DC microgrid control method of claim 1, wherein, Real-time acquisition of operational data from DC microgrid components, specifically including: The original operational data is collected synchronously based on the collaborative scheduling module. The original operating data is smoothed using a moving average method to obtain the operating data.

3. The regulator-based DC microgrid control method of claim 2, wherein, The power balance result is calculated based on the aforementioned operating data, specifically including: The total real-time output is calculated based on the smoothed distributed power generation output data. calculating the power balance result based on real-time load demand and the total real-time output and : ； In the formula, is the total real-time output of distributed power sources; is the smoothed real-time load demand.

4. The regulator-based DC microgrid control method of claim 1, wherein, The current voltage regulation mode is determined based on the power balance results, specifically including: The real-time voltage of the DC bus is collected, and the collection time is synchronized with the data collection time of the operating data. The deviation between the real-time DC bus voltage and the rated voltage is calculated to obtain the real-time bus voltage deviation. By comparing the power balance threshold with the power balance result, the power balance comparison result is obtained; The power balance status is determined based on the power balance comparison results and the real-time bus voltage deviation. The power balance status includes power balance status, power surplus status, and power deficit status. The current voltage regulation mode is determined based on the power balance state.

5. The regulator-based DC microgrid control method of claim 4, wherein, In the power balance state, the execution of the power balance state mode adopts PID control, and the formula of the PID control is as follows: ； In the formula, This is the output control voltage for the voltage regulator; This is the proportionality coefficient; The integral coefficient; This is the integral term for the voltage deviation; This represents the real-time bus voltage deviation.

6. The regulator-based DC microgrid control method of claim 4, wherein, In the case of excess power, the execution of the excess power mode adopts the voltage reduction calculation formula: ； wherein is the desired voltage reduction; is the system equivalent resistance; is the busbar rated voltage.

7. The regulator-based DC microgrid control method of claim 4, wherein, In the power shortage state, the power shortage state mode is calculated using the boost amplitude: ； In the formula, is the desired boost magnitude.

8. The DC microgrid control method based on a voltage regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, In a state of excess power, the excess power adjustment task is allocated according to the ratio of 10% reduction in output of distributed power sources, 70% charging of energy storage, and 20% activation of flexible loads; in a state of power shortage, the shortage power replenishment task is allocated according to the ratio of 10% increase in output of distributed power sources, 70% discharge of energy storage, and 20% shutdown of flexible loads.

9. A voltage regulator based DC microgrid control system, characterized in that, include: The voltage regulator unit, including a voltage regulation module and a collaborative scheduling module, acquires real-time operating data of the DC microgrid components; The distributed power control unit is communicatively connected to the collaborative scheduling module. After receiving the output adjustment command, it achieves fine-tuning of output by adjusting the operating voltage range of the components. The energy storage control unit is communicatively connected to the collaborative scheduling module. After receiving charging and discharging commands, it controls the charging and discharging current and power of the energy storage components. The load control unit is communicatively connected to the collaborative scheduling module. After receiving the switching / power adjustment command, it adjusts its own working status. The coordinated scheduling module calculates the power balance result based on the operating data, determines the current voltage regulation mode based on the power balance result, and allocates regulation tasks to the DC microgrid components according to a fixed ratio based on the current voltage regulation mode, so that the DC microgrid components perform coordinated actions to achieve power balance.

10. A medium characterized by, The device stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the voltage regulator-based DC microgrid control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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