A multi-time scale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system suitable for a port and a construction method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system and its construction method suitable for port areas, belonging to the field of new energy storage technology. Addressing the supply-demand mismatch and solid-state hydrogen storage thermal effects caused by high-proportion new energy access, a multi-energy coupled hardware architecture is constructed by integrating water electrolysis for hydrogen production, solid-state hydrogen storage, hydrogen fuel cells, lithium battery energy storage, and scheduling modules. Capacity configuration is based on wind and solar power generation assessment and multi-scale load models. Hydrogen storage provides medium- and long-term power supply, while lithium batteries handle short-term high-frequency power response, achieving multi-scale complementarity. To address the thermal effects of metal hydride hydrogen storage, various heat exchange structures are proposed, including spiral tubes, metal foams, phase change materials, and finned structures. A lumped parameter and multi-physics field distribution parameter model is constructed to identify key factors contributing to the thermal effects. This invention effectively resolves the contradiction between multi-timescale energy demand and new energy fluctuations in port areas, offering advantages such as green and low-carbon operation, rapid response, and high economic efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of port energy storage and system integration technology, specifically to a hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system architecture and design method that is adapted to scenarios with a high proportion of new energy access and takes into account energy demand at multiple time scales, applicable to the green transformation and upgrading technology of large coastal ports. Background Technology

[0002] Port energy systems face the dual challenges of volatility resulting from the high proportion of renewable energy access and the complexity of energy demands across multiple scenarios. On the one hand, the output of wind and solar power in port areas is random and intermittent, leading to an imbalance between power grid supply and demand. On the other hand, energy consumption in port areas encompasses both short-term, high-frequency fluctuating loads and long-term, stable loads, which traditional single energy storage systems cannot fully adapt to.

[0003] In existing technologies, hydrogen-electric energy storage systems are mostly distributed and spliced, with water electrolysis for hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, and lithium battery modules designed independently, failing to form an integrated architecture. Firstly, there is a lack of integrated design to address the spatial constraints and safety regulations of port areas, resulting in poor system compatibility and high installation difficulty. Secondly, the thermal effect of solid-state hydrogen storage modules is not coordinated with the system architecture, relying solely on independent heat exchange devices, leading to high heat loss, low hydrogen storage efficiency, and an overall efficiency of less than 40%. Thirdly, the interfaces between modules do not consider the multi-timescale matching of renewable energy output and load, causing the dynamic response speed of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module to mismatch with wind power fluctuations, resulting in a high wind curtailment rate.

[0004] Current technological trends indicate that port construction requires a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system. However, existing architectures cannot meet the combined demands of rapid short-term response and stable long-term energy supply. There is an urgent need for an integrated, scenario-adaptable hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system architecture to address issues such as poor module coordination, thermal runaway, and insufficient space and safety adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to address the key technical bottlenecks in the operation of port energy systems under high-proportion renewable energy access scenarios by providing a multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system and its construction method suitable for port areas. Through integrated thermal management design at the architecture level, it specifically solves the thermal effect problem of solid-state hydrogen storage modules in large-capacity multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage systems in port areas, while also improving the problems of poor module coordination and insufficient space and safety adaptation, thus laying a hardware foundation for the efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: A multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system suitable for port areas includes: The water electrolysis hydrogen production module, including a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production unit and / or an alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production unit, is used to convert surplus electrical energy in the port area into hydrogen. The solid-state hydrogen storage module uses high-density metal hydride materials and controls the thermal effect of the hydrogen absorption and desorption process through an integrated thermal management structure to achieve long-term, high-density hydrogen storage. The hydrogen fuel cell module, connected to the solid hydrogen storage module, is used to convert the stored hydrogen energy into electrical energy and undertake the task of providing stable power supply in the medium and long term. The lithium battery energy storage module, connected to the port area power grid and the hydrogen fuel cell module, is used to handle short-term rapid power response and high-frequency load change regulation; and The energy management unit communicates with the above modules and is used to coordinate and control the operating status of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, solid-state hydrogen storage module, hydrogen fuel cell module and lithium battery energy storage module based on the multi-timescale load characteristics and new energy output characteristics of the port area, so as to realize the multi-energy coupling and synergy of hydrogen, thermoelectricity and energy.

[0007] This invention addresses the supply-demand mismatch caused by the high proportion of renewable energy access in port areas by constructing a multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system architecture. By integrating water electrolysis for hydrogen production, solid-state hydrogen storage, hydrogen fuel cells, lithium battery energy storage, and load dispatching modules, it effectively combines the long-term, large-capacity advantages of hydrogen energy storage with the short-term, rapid response capabilities of electric energy storage, adapting to the diverse energy demands of port areas, ranging from short-term, high-frequency fluctuations to long-term, stable loads. The complementary configuration of hydrogen fuel cells and lithium batteries allows hydrogen storage to handle medium- to long-term basic load power supply, while lithium batteries handle high-frequency, short-term power regulation. This collaborative operation not only achieves energy balance but also effectively extends the lifespan of fuel cells and improves the system's technical and economic efficiency. To address the thermal effect of metal hydride hydrogen storage, multiple heat exchange structure design schemes are proposed, and a lumped parameter and multi-physical coupled distributed parameter model is constructed to effectively identify key influencing factors of the thermal effect, significantly improving the hydrogen storage reaction rate and thermal efficiency, and enhancing hydrogen energy conversion efficiency and system stability. This invention effectively solves the structural contradiction between the multi-timescale energy demand of port areas and the fluctuation of new energy sources. It has advantages such as being green and low-carbon, having a rapid response, and being highly economical, and is in line with the trend of intelligent, integrated, and low-carbon development of port area energy systems.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module has a dynamic response capability of seconds to minutes, which is suitable for the fluctuating power output of wind and solar power in the port area.

[0009] Furthermore, the metal hydride material of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is selected from one or more of LaNi5-based, TiFe-based, or Mg-based hydrides, and is selected and adapted based on the space constraints and safety requirements of the port area.

[0010] Furthermore, the integrated thermal management structure includes at least one of a spiral tube heat exchanger, a metal foam heat exchanger, a phase change material heat exchanger, a finned heat exchanger, or a hybrid heat exchanger, used to regulate the temperature rise rate during hydrogen absorption and the temperature decay during dehydrogenation.

[0011] Furthermore, the hydrogen fuel cell module is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, whose output end is connected to the port area's electrical and thermal loads, and is used to provide medium- and long-term continuous power and waste heat recovery during peak electricity consumption periods.

[0012] Furthermore, the lithium battery energy storage module is designed to be adaptable to salt spray environments, and its charging and discharging strategy is adjusted frequently by the energy management unit according to minute-level load fluctuation commands.

[0013] Preferably, the lithium battery energy storage module includes: Modular Pack array composed of lithium iron phosphate cells; A multi-level battery management system for cell-level monitoring, cluster-level equalization, and system-level communication; Energy storage converters are used to achieve bidirectional power conversion between the battery DC system and the port area AC power grid; The thermal management unit adopts a liquid-cooled or forced-air-cooled structure, and the cooling medium passage is made of corrosion-resistant material; The protective enclosure has an IP65 protection rating, salt spray filtration, and shock absorption structure.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a wind and solar power generation potential assessment model and a multi-timescale load operation database, and the energy management unit performs day-day-intraday-real-time multi-timescale coordinated control based on the model and database.

[0015] Furthermore, the solid-state hydrogen storage module is equipped with a lumped parameter model and a multiphysics distributed parameter model to simulate the coupled processes of mass conservation, energy conservation, heat conduction, porous media flow, and reaction kinetics.

[0016] Furthermore, the system adopts a modular design, and the solid-state hydrogen storage module, water electrolysis hydrogen production module, and hydrogen fuel cell module are adapted through standardized interfaces to meet the scalable layout requirements within the limited space of the port area.

[0017] Furthermore, the energy management unit is configured to: prioritize controlling the water electrolysis hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen and store it in the solid-state hydrogen storage module during periods of surplus wind and solar power output; and control the hydrogen fuel cell module and the lithium battery energy storage module to discharge in a complementary manner on a time scale during periods of peak load or insufficient renewable energy output, wherein the lithium battery undertakes the power deficit on the order of seconds to minutes, and the hydrogen fuel cell undertakes the energy deficit on the order of hours or more.

[0018] This invention also provides a method for constructing a multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system in a port area, comprising the following steps: Historical meteorological and energy consumption data of the port area were collected to establish a wind and solar power generation potential assessment model and a multi-time-scale load model. The load model covers the load of gantry cranes, yard equipment and berthed ships from minute to month. Based on the model, the functional zoning and capacity configuration of the energy storage system are carried out, and the capacity ratio and topological connection relationship of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, solid hydrogen storage module, hydrogen fuel cell module and lithium battery energy storage module are determined. Design an integrated layout and interface adaptation scheme for each module, and construct a hardware architecture for a hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage module adopts metal hydride material and integrates a thermal management structure. A lumped parameter model and a multiphysics distributed parameter model of the solid-state hydrogen storage module were constructed to analyze the influencing factors of temperature rise, reaction rate, and thermal effects during the hydrogen adsorption and desorption process. Based on numerical models of different heat exchange structures, thermal management schemes were designed. Based on the long-term energy storage needs and spatial layout constraints of the port area, a modular solid-state hydrogen energy storage subsystem is formed and integrated with the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, hydrogen fuel cell module and lithium battery energy storage module to obtain a multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system suitable for the port area.

[0019] Furthermore, establishing a multi-timescale load model includes: collecting minute-level, hour-level, daily-level, and monthly-level data on the load of port machinery and equipment and the load of berthed ships, dividing typical load curves, and matching them with corresponding energy storage response time scales.

[0020] Furthermore, the metal hydride material selection step includes: evaluating the compatibility of LaNi5-based, TiFe-based, and Mg-based hydrides based on hydrogen storage capacity, cycle stability, reaction rate, cost feasibility, and port area environmental characteristics, and determining the optimal hydrogen storage medium.

[0021] Furthermore, the design of the thermal management scheme includes: constructing numerical models of helical tubes, metal foams, phase change materials, finned heat exchangers, and hybrid heat exchangers respectively; evaluating the effects of tube diameter, thermal conductivity, porosity, and material type on hydrogen storage capacity and reaction rate; and determining the optimal heat exchange structure parameters.

[0022] Furthermore, when constructing the multiphysics distribution parameter model, based on porous media theory, the hydrogen storage bed is spatially discretized and modeled. Spatiotemporal distribution functions of the temperature field, pressure field, and hydrogen concentration field are established. A multiphysics coupled model is constructed, including mass conservation equations, energy conservation equations, gas flow equations in the porous media, and hydrogen absorption / desorption reaction kinetics equations. By setting the heat transfer boundary conditions on the hydrogen storage tank wall and the initial temperature and pressure distributions, the internal temperature gradient, reaction rate distribution, and thermal effect inhomogeneity of the hydrogen storage bed are simulated, thereby identifying key influencing factors of the thermal effect.

[0023] Furthermore, in the capacity configuration step, the lithium battery energy storage module is configured to cover short-term high-frequency fluctuating loads, and the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen fuel cell modules are configured to cover long-term stable basic loads, thereby achieving hierarchical optimization of energy storage capacity across multiple time scales.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes system operation control steps: the energy management unit monitors the output and load deviation of new energy sources in real time, calls the lithium battery energy storage module to smooth the power on a time scale of seconds, starts the hydrogen fuel cell module to replenish energy on a time scale of hours or more, and starts the water electrolysis hydrogen production module to store hydrogen during periods of surplus wind and solar power.

[0025] Furthermore, the integrated layout design includes: in accordance with port area safety regulations, arranging the solid hydrogen storage module in a ventilated and explosion-proof area; connecting the water electrolysis hydrogen production module and the hydrogen fuel cell module through a short-range pipeline to reduce hydrogen transportation losses; and arranging the lithium battery energy storage module in the near-load center area to reduce line losses.

[0026] Furthermore, the lumped parameter model is used to quickly assess the overall thermal effect trend of the hydrogen storage system, while the distributed parameter model is used to finely simulate the spatial distribution differences of the temperature field, pressure field, and reaction rate inside the hydrogen storage bed.

[0027] Furthermore, it also includes a combined heat and power optimization step: recovering the waste heat generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell module for preheating of the dehydrogenation process of the solid hydrogen storage module or for supplying heat load to the port area, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention addresses the supply-demand mismatch caused by the high proportion of renewable energy access in port areas by designing a multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system architecture. By integrating water electrolysis for hydrogen production, solid-state hydrogen storage, hydrogen fuel cells, lithium battery energy storage, and load dispatching modules, it effectively combines the long-term, large-capacity storage advantages of hydrogen energy storage with the short-term, rapid response advantages of electric energy storage. This system adapts to the diverse energy needs of port areas, including short-term, high-frequency fluctuating loads and long-term stable loads, providing hardware architecture support for the efficient, stable, and green operation of the port area's energy system.

[0029] Compared to traditional solutions employing a single energy storage technology, this invention significantly enhances the system's energy response and energy storage flexibility through a complementary configuration of a hydrogen fuel cell system and a lithium battery system. The hydrogen energy storage module provides long-term, high-capacity energy supply, suitable for medium- to long-term power supply to the port area's base load; while the lithium battery system can handle high-frequency, short-term energy regulation tasks, providing stable support in scenarios with drastic fluctuations in wind and solar power output and sudden load changes. The coordinated operation of both achieves energy balance while effectively extending the lifespan of the hydrogen fuel cell system and improving the overall system's technical and economic efficiency.

[0030] In terms of system thermal management, this invention addresses the thermal effects in the metal hydride hydrogen storage process by proposing various heat exchange structure design schemes, significantly improving the reaction rate and thermal efficiency of the hydrogen storage process, and enhancing hydrogen energy conversion efficiency and system stability. By constructing a lumped parameter model and a multi-physics coupled distributed parameter model, key influencing factors of thermal effects are effectively identified, providing a theoretical basis for system thermal control design.

[0031] In summary, this invention not only effectively solves the structural contradiction between the multi-timescale energy demand of port areas and the fluctuation of high proportion of new energy sources, but also has advantages such as being green and low-carbon, having a rapid response, and being highly economical. It is in line with the technological trend of future port energy systems developing towards intelligence, integration, and low carbon emissions. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is the topology of a large-capacity, multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system in a port area, as described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is the topology of a large-capacity, multi-timescale hybrid energy storage system in a port area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 A research scheme on the thermal effect of a large-capacity, long-term, high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen energy storage system in a port area, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0036] Example 1: This embodiment is a specific implementation of the topology of a large-capacity, multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system in a port area.

[0037] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system suitable for high-proportion renewable energy access scenarios in port areas, using the Chuanshan Port Area of ​​Ningbo-Zhoushan Port as an application example. It includes a water electrolysis hydrogen production module, a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen fuel cell module, a lithium battery energy storage module, a load dispatching module, and an energy management unit. This topology is designed based on the output characteristics of wind and solar power generation in the port area, combined with the load characteristics of energy-consuming equipment in the port area, to determine the functional zoning and capacity configuration of the energy storage system.

[0038] The system comprises three main parts: the port area's power supply side, the hydrogen-electricity hybrid energy storage system, and the port area's energy demand side. The port area's power supply side includes grid power, photovoltaic systems, and wind power systems; the hydrogen-electricity hybrid energy storage system includes a water electrolysis hydrogen production module, a metal hydride hydrogen storage module, a fuel cell module, and a lithium battery energy storage subsystem; and the port area's energy demand side includes the port area's electrical load, heat load, and hydrogen load.

[0039] Specifically, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module uses proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technology, which has a fast dynamic response characteristic and can start up quickly during periods of surplus wind and solar power output to convert surplus electricity into hydrogen. This module can also be configured with an alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production unit as a supplement to the basic hydrogen production capacity.

[0040] Solid-state hydrogen storage modules utilize high-density metal hydride materials (such as LaNi5-based, TiFe-based, or Mg-based hydrides), making them suitable for space-constrained and safety-critical port environments. By integrating thermal management structures (such as spiral tube heat exchangers, metal foams, phase change materials, or finned heat exchangers), the modules effectively control temperature fluctuations during hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation processes, ensuring the hydrogen storage reaction rate and system stability.

[0041] The hydrogen fuel cell module is preferably a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which is connected to the solid hydrogen storage module through a hydrogen supply pipeline to undertake the task of stable power supply in the medium and long term. At the same time, its operating waste heat can be transferred to the port area heat load through the heat recovery pipeline or used for preheating the hydrogen storage module.

[0042] The lithium battery energy storage module is located near the load center area and is designed to be adaptable to salt spray environments. It is responsible for short-term rapid power response in the range of seconds to minutes, and can adapt to high-frequency load changes of equipment such as bridge cranes and gantry cranes.

[0043] The Energy Management Unit (EMU) is connected to the above modules via a communication bus. Based on the wind and solar power generation potential assessment model and the multi-timescale load operation database, it executes a multi-timescale coordinated control strategy: formulating hydrogen production and storage plans on the day-ahead timescale; adjusting the output allocation of fuel cells and lithium batteries on the intraday timescale; and rapidly smoothing power fluctuations through lithium batteries on the real-time timescale.

[0044] The system analyzes historical meteorological and energy consumption data to establish a wind and solar power generation potential assessment model and a port area multi-level load model. It divides typical loads, including bridge cranes, gantry cranes, yard equipment and berthed ships, and collects load data at multiple time scales from minute to month to support the construction of system topology and capacity configuration strategies.

[0045] As attached Figure 2As shown, the system's energy flow is transmitted in three forms: solid arrows represent electrical energy flow, thermal energy flow, and hydrogen energy flow, corresponding to each module. Both the lithium battery energy storage subsystem and the water electrolysis hydrogen production module are powered by the port's electricity supply. The hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production module is input into the metal hydride hydrogen storage module; the hydrogen storage module supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell module; the fuel cell module outputs electrical energy to the port's electrical load and simultaneously outputs thermal energy to the port's thermal load; the lithium battery energy storage subsystem directly discharges to the port's electrical load.

[0046] Example 2: Integrated Design of Thermal Management for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Module As attached Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment focuses on the high-efficiency operation requirements of the port area solid-state hydrogen energy storage system, and conducts research on the selection of metal hydrides and the thermal effects of the hydrogen storage system.

[0047] First, based on the environmental characteristics of Chuanshan Port Area (including ambient temperature, humidity, salt spray corrosion level, and spatial constraints), the performance of different metal hydrides was evaluated. Through the synthesis, activation treatment, and cycling performance testing of hydrogen storage materials, their 4P-CT curves and hydrogen absorption / desorption kinetic parameters were obtained, and the hydrogen storage material with the best hydrogen storage capacity, cycling stability, reaction rate, and cost feasibility was screened.

[0048] Secondly, a lumped parameter model and a multiphysics distributed parameter model of the hydrogen storage system are constructed. The lumped parameter model treats the entire hydrogen storage tank as a single control volume and, based on the mass and energy conservation equations, rapidly assesses the average temperature rise, reaction rate, and system stability trend during the hydrogen absorption / desorption process. The distributed parameter model further considers the spatial coupling relationship between heat conduction, porous media flow, and reaction kinetics. Through numerical simulation, it obtains the distribution characteristics of the temperature field, pressure field, and hydrogen concentration field inside the hydrogen storage bed, and precisely identifies the key influencing factors of thermal effects.

[0049] Based on this, the impact of different heat exchange structures on system performance was investigated. Numerical models of helical tube heat exchangers, metal foam heat exchangers, phase change material heat exchangers, finned heat exchangers, and hybrid heat exchangers were constructed respectively. The effects of parameters such as tube diameter, thermal conductivity, porosity, phase change temperature, and fin spacing on hydrogen storage capacity, reaction rate, and temperature uniformity were systematically evaluated. For example, helical tube heat exchangers improve thermal response speed by increasing the heat exchange area; metal foam utilizes a high-porosity structure to enhance heat and mass transfer within porous media; phase change materials buffer temperature fluctuations through latent heat absorption / release; and finned structures improve radial temperature distribution by extending the heat conduction path.

[0050] Considering the port area's long-term energy storage needs, spatial constraints, and operational conditions, a modular metal hydride hydrogen storage system design was developed. This system employs standardized hydrogen storage units, each integrating a hydrogen storage bed, heat exchange structure, and pressure / temperature monitoring interface, allowing for flexible expansion based on the port area's actual hydrogen demand. Simultaneously, a method for regulating the hydrogen storage system's reaction rate was established: during the hydrogen absorption phase, the temperature rise is controlled to not exceed a safe threshold by adjusting the cooling medium flow rate; during the hydrogen removal phase, the temperature is controlled within the optimal reaction range by recovering waste heat from the fuel cell or using an external heat source, ensuring that the hydrogen release rate meets the fuel cell's dynamic response requirements.

[0051] Example 3: Multi-timescale coordinated operation control During system operation, the energy management unit executes the following multi-timescale coordinated control strategy: At the real-time control scale (seconds to minutes), the energy management unit monitors the power deviation between wind and solar power output and the port area's electrical load. When the start-up or shutdown of large equipment such as bridge cranes and gantry cranes causes sudden load changes, the lithium battery energy storage module is immediately activated to compensate for power fluctuations, smooth out high-frequency fluctuations, and prevent power surges from being transmitted to the power grid.

[0052] At a short-term dispatch scale (minutes to hours), when it is predicted that wind and solar power output will remain abundant and lithium battery SOC will approach saturation within the next 1-4 hours, the energy management unit will activate the water electrolysis hydrogen production module to convert surplus electrical energy into hydrogen and store it in the solid-state hydrogen storage module. During this process, the thermal management structure monitors the temperature of the hydrogen storage bed in real time and controls the temperature rise of the hydrogen absorption reaction by adjusting the cooling water flow.

[0053] At long-term scheduling scales (hourly to monthly), when encountering prolonged periods of overcast or windless weather, or peak energy demand due to concentrated ship arrivals, the energy management unit activates the hydrogen fuel cell module. This utilizes the hydrogen stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage module for medium- to long-term stable power generation to supplement energy shortages. Waste heat generated during fuel cell operation is recovered through a heat recovery system for hydrogen dehydrogenation preheating of the storage module or for port area heating, achieving thermoelectric decoupling and improved overall energy efficiency.

[0054] Through the above-mentioned hydrogen-thermal-electric multi-energy coupling and coordinated control, the system in this embodiment effectively solves the supply and demand mismatch problem caused by the high proportion of new energy access in the port area, realizes full-time scale coverage of short-term high-frequency fluctuations and long-term stable loads, and significantly improves the operational stability, economy and green and low-carbon level of the port area's energy system.

[0055] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system suitable for port areas, comprising: The water electrolysis hydrogen production module, including a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production unit and / or an alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production unit, is used to convert surplus electrical energy in the port area into hydrogen. The solid-state hydrogen storage module uses high-density metal hydride materials and controls the thermal effect of the hydrogen absorption and desorption process through an integrated thermal management structure to achieve long-term, high-density hydrogen storage. The hydrogen fuel cell module, connected to the solid hydrogen storage module, is used to convert the stored hydrogen energy into electrical energy and undertake the task of providing stable power supply in the medium and long term. The lithium battery energy storage module is connected to the port area power grid and the hydrogen fuel cell module, and is used to undertake short-term rapid power response and high-frequency load change regulation. as well as The energy management unit communicates with the above modules and is used to coordinate and control the operating status of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, solid-state hydrogen storage module, hydrogen fuel cell module and lithium battery energy storage module based on the multi-timescale load characteristics and new energy output characteristics of the port area, so as to realize the multi-energy coupling and synergy of hydrogen, thermoelectricity and energy.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the metal hydride material of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is selected from one or more of LaNi5-based, TiFe-based, or Mg-based hydrides.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the integrated thermal management structure comprises at least one of a spiral tube heat exchanger, a metal foam heat exchanger, a phase change material heat exchanger, a finned heat exchanger, or a hybrid heat exchanger.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell module is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, and its output end is connected to the port area's electrical load and thermal load.

5. The system according to claim 1 further includes a wind and solar power generation potential assessment model and a multi-timescale load operation database, wherein the energy management unit performs day-day-intraday-real-time multi-timescale coordinated control based on the model and the database.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the energy management unit is configured to: prioritize controlling the water electrolysis hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen and store it in the solid-state hydrogen storage module during periods of surplus wind and solar power output; and control the hydrogen fuel cell module and the lithium battery energy storage module to discharge in a complementary manner on a time scale during periods of peak load or insufficient new energy output, wherein the lithium battery undertakes the power deficit on the order of seconds to minutes, and the hydrogen fuel cell undertakes the energy deficit on the order of hours or more.

7. A method for constructing a multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system in a port area, comprising the following steps: Historical meteorological and energy consumption data of the port area were collected to establish a wind and solar power generation potential assessment model and a multi-time-scale load model. The load model covers the load of gantry cranes, yard equipment and berthed ships from minute to month. Based on the model, the functional zoning and capacity configuration of the energy storage system are carried out, and the capacity ratio and topological connection relationship of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, solid hydrogen storage module, hydrogen fuel cell module and lithium battery energy storage module are determined. Design an integrated layout and interface adaptation scheme for each module, and construct a hardware architecture for a hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage module adopts metal hydride material and integrates a thermal management structure. A lumped parameter model and a multiphysics distributed parameter model of the solid-state hydrogen storage module were constructed to analyze the influencing factors of temperature rise, reaction rate, and thermal effects during the hydrogen adsorption and desorption process. Based on numerical models of different heat exchange structures, thermal management schemes were designed. Based on the long-term energy storage needs and spatial layout constraints of the port area, a modular solid-state hydrogen energy storage subsystem is formed and integrated with the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, hydrogen fuel cell module and lithium battery energy storage module to obtain a multi-timescale hydrogen-electric hybrid energy storage system suitable for the port area.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein establishing a multi-timescale load model comprises: Data on the load of port machinery and equipment and the load of berthed ships are collected at the minute, hour, day and month levels. Typical load curves are divided and matched with corresponding energy storage response time scales.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein designing the thermal management scheme comprises: Numerical models of helical tube, metal foam, phase change material, finned and hybrid heat exchangers were constructed to evaluate the effects of tube diameter, thermal conductivity, porosity and material type on hydrogen storage capacity and reaction rate, and to determine the optimal heat exchange structure parameters.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the capacity configuration step, the lithium battery energy storage module is configured to cover short-term high-frequency fluctuating loads, and the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen fuel cell module is configured to cover long-term stable basic loads, thereby achieving hierarchical optimization of energy storage capacity across multiple time scales.

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