A method for configuring photovoltaic capacity of a building cluster

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for configuring photovoltaic (PV) capacity in building clusters, relating to the field of PV technology, and includes the following steps: constructing candidate sharing domains based on the relationship of allowable surplus power sharing between buildings; dividing the candidate PV capacity of each building into incremental capacity units and forming corresponding time-of-use incremental output sequences; determining the time-of-use shareable absorption capacity of each candidate sharing domain for each time period based on the time-of-use output corresponding to the retained incremental capacity units, and performing time-of-use incremental output sequences and time-of-use shareable absorption capacity time-of-use matching to determine time-of-use compatibility constraints between incremental capacity units; retaining target incremental capacity units that meet preset absorption conditions under the time-of-use compatibility constraints, updating the time-of-use shareable absorption capacity and continuing the screening until no incremental capacity units that meet the preset absorption conditions are found; and outputting the building cluster division results and the PV configuration capacity of each building based on the finally retained target incremental capacity units.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a method for configuring photovoltaic capacity in building clusters. Background Technology

[0002] As the scale of rooftop distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems increases, the configuration of PV capacity in building clusters typically needs to consider the available installation resources of buildings, electrical load, and the conditions for sharing surplus electricity among buildings. Existing technologies often use individual buildings as the configuration granularity, determining the installed capacity based on roof area, historical load, transformer capacity, or the total grid absorption ratio of the cluster. In surplus electricity sharing analysis, the energy balance between the total cluster load and total PV output is often used for judgment. While these methods can estimate the overall configuration scale, they fail to reflect the output differences generated by new PV capacity on different buildings at different times, and they also struggle to determine whether multiple new capacities in the same sharing domain will simultaneously occupy the limited time period available for sharing and absorption. This can easily lead to situations where individual building capacities seem feasible, but the combined capacity fails to effectively absorb surplus electricity due to insufficient sharing and absorption capacity.

[0003] Furthermore, the current practice of dividing building clusters and allocating photovoltaic capacity is typically done separately. Buildings are first grouped according to spatial distance, power distribution area, or feeder relationship, and then photovoltaic capacity is allocated within these fixed groups. This approach fails to influence cluster boundaries based on actual time-of-use absorption capacity during the capacity selection process and also makes it difficult to identify time-of-use compatibility relationships between different building incremental capacity units.

[0004] The above-disclosed technical solutions have at least the following technical problems: Existing building cluster photovoltaic capacity configuration methods mostly determine photovoltaic capacity based on the installable area of ​​a single building, historical load, or static transformer capacity. It is difficult to determine whether the newly added photovoltaic capacity of different buildings will simultaneously occupy the limited shareable absorption capacity in the same sharing domain when there is surplus power sharing between buildings but the sharing capacity changes with time. This leads to the disconnect between the boundary division of the building cluster and the photovoltaic capacity configuration of each building, which can easily result in the problem that the local capacity is feasible but the cluster's time-of-use absorption does not meet the requirements.

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a solution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for configuring building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) capacity. This method involves dividing the BIPV capacity into incremental capacity units bound to the output characteristics of sub-regions, and identifying and resolving the shared access time constraints between incremental units under the dynamic constraint of shared absorption capacity during power distribution line time periods. This addresses the problem in existing configurations where the inability to characterize time-of-use output differences and time-of-use competition of line capacity leads to coarse cluster division and inaccurate absorption capacity assessment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for configuring photovoltaic (PV) capacity in a building cluster includes the following steps: constructing candidate sharing domains based on electrical connections between buildings that allow for surplus power sharing; within each candidate sharing domain, dividing the candidate PV capacity of each building into incremental capacity units and forming corresponding time-of-use incremental output sequences; based on the time-of-use output corresponding to the retained incremental capacity units, determining the time-period shareable absorption capacity of each candidate sharing domain for each time period, and matching the time-of-use incremental output sequences with the time-period shareable absorption capacity to determine the time-period compatibility constraints between incremental capacity units; under the time-period compatibility constraints, retaining incremental capacity units that meet preset absorption conditions as target incremental capacity units, updating the time-period shareable absorption capacity and continuing iterative screening until no incremental capacity units meet the preset absorption conditions exist; and outputting the building cluster division results and the PV configuration capacity of each building based on all the final retained target incremental capacity units.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the construction of candidate sharing domains based on the electrical connection relationship between buildings that allows for surplus power sharing includes: determining candidate building pairs that are connected to the low-voltage side of the same public transformer and form a continuous power distribution path through closed switches and operable line segments based on the low-voltage power supply topology of the candidate buildings; determining whether the corresponding candidate building pairs meet the surplus power sharing access conditions based on the rated current carrying capacity, load current, and safety margin of the line segments on the continuous power distribution path; determining the candidate building pairs that meet the surplus power sharing access conditions as sharing relationship edges, constructing a sharing relationship graph with candidate buildings as nodes, and determining the set of connected buildings in the sharing relationship graph as candidate sharing domains.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the step of dividing the candidate photovoltaic capacity of each building into incremental capacity units within each candidate shared domain includes: determining the upper limit of the physical installable capacity of the corresponding building based on the usable area of ​​the building roof, the component layout conditions, and the installed capacity per unit area; determining the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity within the upper limit of the physical installable capacity according to the shading time distribution, orientation parameters, and tilt angle parameters of different candidate layout sub-areas on the corresponding building roof; dividing the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity step by step according to a preset capacity step size to generate multiple levels of candidate photovoltaic capacity for the corresponding building; determining the capacity difference between two adjacent levels of candidate photovoltaic capacity as the incremental capacity unit of the corresponding building, and numbering each incremental capacity unit in ascending capacity order.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, determining the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity within the upper limit of physical installable capacity includes: dividing the corresponding building roof into multiple candidate layout sub-zones and determining the sub-zone's installable capacity; determining the effective output per unit capacity of each candidate layout sub-zone based on the irradiance, shading correction, orientation correction, and tilt angle correction of each candidate layout sub-zone during a preset high-output period; determining the capacity inclusion order of the candidate layout sub-zones according to the effective output per unit capacity from high to low, and sequentially accumulating the corresponding sub-zone's installable capacity; stopping inclusion when the effective output per unit capacity of the candidate layout sub-zone to be included is lower than a preset output utilization threshold, or when the corresponding sub-zone's installable capacity is lower than the minimum access capacity of the project, and determining the accumulated capacity before stopping inclusion as the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity of the corresponding building.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the step of progressively dividing the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity according to a preset capacity step size to generate multiple tiers of candidate photovoltaic capacity for the corresponding building includes: determining a preset capacity step size for the corresponding building based on the series-parallel configuration of photovoltaic modules, the lower limit of inverter access capacity, and the minimum expandable capacity of the project; incrementally dividing the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity according to the preset capacity step size to generate multiple tiers of candidate photovoltaic capacity not exceeding the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity; when the remaining capacity after incremental division reaches the minimum access capacity of the project, the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity is taken as the highest tier of candidate photovoltaic capacity; when the remaining capacity does not reach the minimum access capacity of the project, the capacity of the tier above the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity is taken as the highest tier of candidate photovoltaic capacity.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, forming the corresponding time-sharing incremental output sequence includes: determining the target placement object for each incremental capacity unit relative to the previous candidate photovoltaic capacity, according to the numbering order of each incremental capacity unit; determining the theoretical incremental output of the incremental capacity unit in each time period based on the capacity, shading time distribution, orientation parameters, tilt angle parameters, and irradiance intensity of the target placement object; correcting the theoretical incremental output by combining the shading correction, orientation and tilt angle correction, inverter efficiency, and line loss of the corresponding time period to obtain the AC incremental output of the incremental capacity unit in each time period; and arranging the AC incremental output of each time period in chronological order to form the time-sharing incremental output sequence of the corresponding incremental capacity unit.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, determining the time-sharing absorption capacity of each candidate shared domain for each time period based on the time-sharing output corresponding to the reserved incremental capacity units includes: for each building in each candidate shared domain during the same time period, summing the time-sharing output of each reserved incremental capacity unit of the building and comparing it with the building's concurrent load to determine the remaining load; for buildings with a remaining load greater than zero, determining the receiving buildings that can accept the remaining electricity and the remaining transmission capacity of the remaining electricity transmission paths between them; determining the smaller value between the remaining load and the remaining transmission capacity of the receiving building during the corresponding time period as the upper limit of the acceptable remaining electricity power of the receiving building during that time period, and not counting duplicate upper limits for the same receiving building; summing up the upper limits of the acceptable remaining electricity power of each receiving building to obtain the time-sharing absorption capacity of the candidate shared domain during the corresponding time period.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the step of matching the time-sharing incremental output sequence with the time-sharing shareable absorption capacity to determine the time-sharing compatibility constraints between incremental capacity units includes: for each time-series time period, extracting incremental capacity units to be judged whose time-sharing incremental output is greater than zero; performing combination enumeration on the extracted units within the time period and calculating the total incremental output of each combination; determining combinations whose total incremental output exceeds the time-sharing shareable absorption capacity of the time period as mutually exclusive combinations of the time period, and establishing time-sharing compatibility constraints for each unit within the combination under the time period; summarizing the time-sharing compatibility constraints of each time period to obtain the time-sharing compatibility constraints between incremental capacity units within the candidate shared domain, wherein the time-sharing compatibility constraints are used to characterize that the corresponding units cannot be accessed simultaneously in at least one time period with the same output.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the step of retaining target incremental capacity units that meet preset absorption conditions under time-period shared capacity constraints, and updating the shared absorption capacity for the time period before continuing the screening includes: calculating the absorbable and non-absorbable output of each unit based on the time-of-use output of the unretained units and the shared absorption capacity for the current time period, and determining its local photovoltaic power absorption rate and the amount of curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared absorption capacity; eliminating units that do not meet the preset absorption conditions; for units with time-period shared capacity constraints, retaining one as the target unit for this round according to the following priority: the unit with the higher local photovoltaic power absorption rate is given priority; if the ratios are the same, the unit with the smaller amount of curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared absorption capacity is given priority; if they are still the same, the unit with the earlier number is given priority; the time-of-use output of the target units for this round is summarized by time period and then deducted from the shared absorption capacity for the updated time period in one go; the above process is repeated based on the updated window until no unit meets the conditions.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the step of outputting the building cluster division result and the photovoltaic configuration capacity of each building based on the final retained target incremental capacity units includes: summing the capacities of each target incremental capacity unit of the same building to obtain the photovoltaic configuration capacity of the building; determining the cumulative shared electricity between buildings based on the power absorption capacity allocation results for each time period; constructing a shared association graph with buildings whose cumulative shared electricity is not lower than a preset clustering threshold as nodes, identifying their connected sets as the same building cluster, and outputting the building sets of each cluster and the photovoltaic configuration capacity of each building.

[0017] The technical effects and advantages of the method for configuring building cluster photovoltaic capacity according to the present invention are as follows: This invention decomposes building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) capacity into incremental capacity units associated with specific sub-region attributes and constructs a time-sharing incremental output sequence. This allows the configuration granularity to reflect the actual output timing characteristics caused by differences in shading across different sub-regions. Based on this, it quantifies the shareable absorption capacity for each time period by combining the dynamic remaining current-carrying capacity of distribution lines, and identifies time-specific time-sharing constraints arising from line capacity bottlenecks in incremental units. Under mutual exclusion constraints, it performs round-by-round screening and window updates based on the absorption ratio within the cluster and the incremental transmission volume, ultimately autonomously forming building cluster divisions and configuration capacities for each building based on the retained target incremental capacity units. This method incorporates capacity decomposition, absorption capacity assessment, mutual exclusion conflict resolution, and cluster boundary establishment into a unified collaborative framework, effectively improving the overall absorption performance and spatiotemporal matching accuracy of configuration capacity in high PV penetration scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for configuring photovoltaic capacity in a building cluster according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the low-voltage power distribution topology and candidate shared domain identification results; Figure 3 A diagram showing the planned photovoltaic capacity of each building; Figure 4 A matrix diagram showing the cumulative shared electricity consumption between buildings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1, Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for configuring building cluster photovoltaic capacity, comprising the following steps: S1, construct candidate shared domains based on electrical connection relationships that allow for the sharing of surplus power between buildings; The electrical connection relationship between buildings that allows for the sharing of surplus power refers to the shared connection relationship between candidate buildings that are powered by the same low-voltage distribution network under the existing power distribution topology, and that there is a continuous power distribution path between them that satisfies the conditions for surplus power transfer.

[0021] In this embodiment, the construction of candidate shared domains based on the relationship of allowed surplus power sharing between buildings includes: Based on the low-voltage power supply topology corresponding to the candidate buildings, identify whether any two candidate buildings are connected to the low-voltage side of the same public transformer, and determine whether there is a continuous power distribution path between them formed by a closed switch and an operable line segment. The load current of each line segment on the continuous power distribution path is obtained within the evaluation reference period or preset evaluation cycle, and the available current carrying capacity of the corresponding line segment is determined according to the rated current carrying capacity, load current and safety margin of each line segment. When the available current carrying capacity of each segment on the continuous power distribution path meets the surplus power sharing access condition, it is determined that there is an electrical connection relationship between the two candidate buildings that allows surplus power sharing. Using candidate buildings as nodes and building pairs with permissible surplus power sharing electrical connections as edges, a sharing relationship graph is constructed, and the set of buildings corresponding to each connected subgraph in the sharing relationship graph is determined as a candidate sharing domain; When there are multiple candidate shared domains, the candidate shared domain with the most buildings or the largest shareable absorption capacity is determined as the main candidate shared domain, and subsequent capacity configuration steps are performed on the main candidate shared domain first.

[0022] S2, within each candidate shared domain, the candidate photovoltaic capacity of each building is divided into incremental capacity units, and corresponding time-sharing incremental output sequences are formed; In this embodiment, the step of dividing each building's candidate photovoltaic capacity into incremental capacity units within each candidate shared domain includes: Based on the available area of ​​each building roof, component installation spacing, component layout utilization rate, and installed capacity per unit area within each candidate shared domain, the upper limit of the physical installed capacity of the corresponding building is determined. Based on the distribution of shading time periods, orientation parameters, and tilt angle parameters of different candidate layout sub-zones on the roof of the corresponding building, the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity of the corresponding building is determined within the upper limit of the physical installable capacity. The upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity is divided step by step according to the preset capacity step size to generate multiple candidate photovoltaic capacities for the corresponding buildings. The capacity difference between two adjacent candidate photovoltaic capacities is defined as an incremental capacity unit of the building, and each incremental capacity unit is numbered in ascending order of capacity.

[0023] The step of determining the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity for a corresponding building within the upper limit of physical installable capacity includes: The corresponding building roof is divided into multiple candidate layout sub-areas, and the usable area, component layout utilization rate, shading time distribution, orientation parameters and tilt angle parameters of each candidate layout sub-area are determined respectively. Based on the available area, component layout utilization rate and unit area installed capacity of each candidate layout sub-region, determine the sub-region installed capacity corresponding to each candidate layout sub-region. Based on the irradiance, shading correction, orientation and tilt angle correction of each candidate arrangement sub-region during the preset high output period, the effective output per unit capacity of each candidate arrangement sub-region is determined. The capacity inclusion order of each candidate layout sub-area is determined according to the effective output per unit capacity from high to low, and the installed capacity of the corresponding sub-area is accumulated along the capacity inclusion order; When the effective output per unit capacity of the candidate layout sub-area is lower than the preset output utilization threshold, or when the installed capacity of the sub-area to be included in the candidate layout sub-area is lower than the minimum access capacity of the project, the inclusion will be stopped and the accumulated capacity before the inclusion is stopped will be determined as the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity of the corresponding building. The preset high-output period is a set of periods selected from the top M% of irradiance intensity based on the statistical results of irradiance intensity in each period within the preset evaluation period; the preset output utilization threshold is determined based on the rated output of photovoltaic modules, inverter efficiency, and preset minimum effective output ratio.

[0024] The specific formula for calculating the installable capacity of the sub-area is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] The effective output per unit capacity is calculated using the following formula:

[0027] The preset output utilization threshold can be expressed as:

[0028] in, The installed capacity of the sub-area is the sub-area of ​​the i-th candidate layout sub-area for the b-th building. Let i be the usable area of ​​the i-th candidate layout sub-region. The component layout utilization rate of the i-th candidate layout sub-region (obtained statistically). Installed capacity per unit area Let b be the upper limit of the physical installable capacity of the b-th building. Let b be the set of candidate layout sub-regions for the b-th building. The effective output value per unit capacity. Let be the irradiance during time period t. For standard test conditions, the irradiation intensity For the preset high-output period set, For the occlusion correction of the i-th candidate layout sub-region in time period t, For orientation and tilt correction, For inverter conversion efficiency, For line loss, The length of a single time period. This is the preset power utilization threshold for the b-th building. To preset the minimum effective output ratio, For reference inverter efficiency, For reference line loss.

[0029] It should be noted that the step of dividing the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity according to the preset capacity step size to generate multiple candidate photovoltaic capacities for the corresponding buildings includes: Based on the series and parallel configuration of photovoltaic modules, the lower limit of inverter access capacity, and the minimum expandable capacity of the project, the minimum expandable installed capacity of the corresponding building is determined, and the minimum expandable installed capacity is set as the preset capacity step size. Divide the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity by the preset capacity step size to determine the number of tiers that the corresponding building can be divided into; In order of increasing capacity, the preset capacity step size is used as the accumulation unit to generate multiple candidate photovoltaic capacities that do not exceed the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity. When the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity is not an integer multiple of the preset capacity step size, if the remaining capacity meets the minimum access capacity of the project, the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity shall be used as the highest-level candidate photovoltaic capacity; if the remaining capacity does not meet the minimum access capacity of the project, the next higher-level candidate photovoltaic capacity not exceeding the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity shall be used as the highest-level candidate photovoltaic capacity.

[0030] The preset capacity step size can be expressed as:

[0031]

[0032] in, The preset capacity step size for the b-th building. This represents the minimum single-stage module expansion capacity determined by the series-parallel configuration of photovoltaic modules. This is the lower limit of the inverter's connected capacity. To provide the minimum scalable capacity for the project, The number of components in a single string. The number of parallel branches required for a single expansion. This refers to the rated capacity of a single photovoltaic module.

[0033] Furthermore, the formation of the corresponding time-division incremental output sequence includes: According to the numbering order of each incremental capacity unit, determine the target layout sub-area, target module group or target capacity segment to be newly included in each incremental capacity unit relative to the previous candidate photovoltaic capacity. Based on the capacity, orientation parameters, tilt angle parameters, shading time period distribution, and irradiance intensity of the target arrangement sub-area, target component group, or target capacity segment, the theoretical output per unit capacity of the incremental capacity unit in each time period is determined. By combining the shading correction, orientation and tilt angle correction, inverter efficiency and line loss for each time period, the theoretical output of the unit capacity is corrected to obtain the AC incremental output of the incremental capacity unit in each time period. When an incremental capacity unit corresponds to multiple target layout sub-areas, target component groups, or target capacity segments, the incremental AC output of each part in the corresponding time period is calculated separately, and the incremental AC output of the incremental capacity unit is obtained by summing them up according to the time period. The incremental output of AC power in each time period is arranged in chronological order to form a time-sharing incremental output sequence for the corresponding incremental capacity unit.

[0034] The specific calculation formula for the time-sharing incremental AC output is as follows:

[0035] in, For the incremental AC power output of the u-th incremental capacity unit of the b-th building in time period t, This refers to the newly installed capacity of this incremental capacity unit.

[0036] S3. Based on the time-sharing output corresponding to the reserved incremental capacity units, determine the time-sharing susceptibility capacity of each candidate shared domain for each time period, and match the time-sharing incremental output sequence with the time-sharing susceptibility capacity to determine the time-sharing co-capacity constraints between incremental capacity units. The shared absorption capacity during the specified time period refers to the maximum amount of surplus power that can still be absorbed by buildings within the candidate sharing domain after the local priority absorption of the time-sharing output corresponding to the reserved incremental capacity unit has been completed.

[0037] In this embodiment, determining the shareable absorption capacity of each candidate shared domain for each time period based on the time-sharing output corresponding to the reserved incremental capacity units includes: Based on the load power of each building in each candidate shared domain during the corresponding time period and the time-of-use output corresponding to the reserved incremental capacity units, the remaining load of each building after local priority absorption during the time period is determined. Among them, the time-of-use output of multiple reserved incremental capacity units of the same building in the corresponding time period is first summarized and then uniformly deducted from the building's concurrent load during the time period. When the summarized time-of-use output is greater than the building's concurrent load, the excess part is regarded as the surplus electricity that the building can transfer to other buildings in the candidate shared domain during the time period. In buildings with a remaining load greater than zero, identify the receiving buildings that have a permissible surplus power sharing relationship with the buildings corresponding to the reserved incremental capacity units, and determine the remaining transmission capacity on the surplus power transmission path corresponding to each receiving building; wherein, the remaining transmission capacity of the surplus power transmission path is taken as the minimum value of the remaining current carrying capacity of each segment on the path; the remaining current carrying capacity of each segment is the difference between the rated current carrying capacity of the segment and the current load current. The smaller of the remaining load of each receiving building in the corresponding time period and the remaining transmission capacity of its corresponding surplus power transmission path is determined as the upper limit of the surplus power that the receiving building can accept in that time period; when the same receiving building corresponds to multiple surplus power sending buildings, the upper limit of the acceptable surplus power is calculated only once according to the receiving building dimension, and its upper limit does not exceed the remaining load of the receiving building in the corresponding time period. The upper limit of the acceptable residual power for each receiving building with an independent residual power transmission path or whose shared line segment residual transmission capacity has been reduced for conflict is summarized in the corresponding time period to obtain the time period shareable absorption capacity of the candidate shared domain in that time period.

[0038] Determining the remaining load of each building after local priority absorption during the time period includes: deducting the time-of-use output of the building corresponding to the reserved incremental capacity unit from its own concurrent load during the time period to obtain the remaining load of the building not covered by the connected photovoltaic output.

[0039] Furthermore, the step of matching the time-sharing incremental output sequence with the time-sharing shareable absorption capacity to determine the time-sharing compatibility constraints between incremental capacity units includes: According to the time period order, the time-sharing incremental output sequence corresponding to the incremental capacity unit to be determined in each candidate shared domain is synchronously expanded, and the incremental capacity unit with incremental output greater than zero in the corresponding time period is extracted. For each time period, enumerate the combinations of extracted incremental capacity units and calculate the combined incremental output of each combination in that time period. Among them, for each time period, prioritize enumerating pairs of incremental capacity unit combinations. When there are cases where no two combinations exceed the shared absorption capacity of that time period, but the combined incremental output exceeds the shared absorption capacity of that time period when all are connected at the same time, then continue to enumerate combinations of three or more units. The incremental output of each combination is compared with the shareable absorption capacity of the corresponding time period. The incremental capacity unit combination whose incremental output is greater than the shareable absorption capacity of the time period is determined as the mutually exclusive combination of the time period. Time-period compatibility constraints are established between incremental capacity units within the same mutually exclusive combination, and the time-period compatibility constraints established for each time period are summarized to obtain the time-period compatibility constraints between incremental capacity units within the corresponding candidate shared domain. The time-period compatibility constraints between incremental capacity units are time-period-specific time-period compatibility constraints, used to characterize that the corresponding incremental capacity units cannot be connected simultaneously in at least one time period with the same output. When selecting target incremental capacity units, retention judgments are made based on the frequency of mutual exclusion or cumulative conflict output in each time period within a preset evaluation period.

[0040] The inter-time period co-capacity constraint of incremental capacity units refers to the constraint relationship where, when two or more incremental capacity units are connected simultaneously in at least one identical output time period, their corresponding combined incremental output exceeds the shareable absorption capacity of that time period and cannot be further accepted by the candidate sharing domain.

[0041] S4. Under the time period shared capacity constraint, retain the incremental capacity units that meet the preset absorption conditions as target incremental capacity units, update the time period shareable absorption capacity and continue iterative screening until there are no more incremental capacity units that meet the preset absorption conditions. The preset absorption conditions include: the proportion of incremental output that can be absorbed by the corresponding candidate shared domain within a preset evaluation period to its total incremental output is not less than a preset absorption ratio threshold, and the amount of curtailed power generated by the candidate incremental capacity unit exceeding the shared absorption capacity in the corresponding time period is not higher than a preset transmission threshold. The curtailed power exceeding the shared absorption capacity refers to the cumulative value of output that cannot be absorbed in each time period within the preset evaluation period. The preset absorption ratio threshold is the average of the ratio of the shareable absorption capacity to the total load in each time period of the corresponding candidate shared domain within the preset evaluation period; the preset transmission threshold is the average of the maximum allowable transmission power in each time period of the corresponding candidate shared domain within the preset evaluation period.

[0042] The process of retaining target incremental capacity units that meet preset absorption conditions under time-period shared capacity constraints, and updating the shareable absorption capacity for each time period before continuing the screening includes: Based on the time-sharing incremental output sequence of the unreserved incremental capacity units in each candidate shared domain and the shareable absorption capacity in the current time period, the absorbable and non-absorbable output of each unreserved incremental capacity unit in each time period within the preset evaluation cycle is determined. Based on the absorbable and non-absorbable output corresponding to each non-reserved incremental capacity unit, the local absorption rate of photovoltaic power and the curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared absorption capacity of each non-reserved incremental capacity unit are determined; wherein, the local absorption rate of photovoltaic power refers to the proportion of the cumulative absorbable output of the corresponding non-reserved incremental capacity unit to its cumulative total incremental output within a preset evaluation period; the curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared absorption capacity refers to the cumulative non-absorbable output of the corresponding non-reserved incremental capacity unit within the preset evaluation period; From the unreserved incremental capacity units that do not meet the preset absorption conditions, they are removed. Among the remaining unreserved incremental capacity units, for those with time-period shared capacity constraints, incremental capacity units with higher local photovoltaic power absorption rates and smaller amounts of curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared absorption capacity are retained as target incremental capacity units. Specifically, for incremental capacity units with time-period shared capacity constraints, the local photovoltaic power absorption rates of each incremental capacity unit are compared first, and the incremental capacity unit with the highest local photovoltaic power absorption rate is retained. When two or more incremental capacity units have the same local photovoltaic power absorption rate, their curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared absorption capacity is compared, and the incremental capacity unit with the smallest amount of curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared absorption capacity is retained. When the amount of curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared absorption capacity is still the same, the incremental capacity unit with the earlier number is retained. Based on the time-sharing incremental output sequence corresponding to the target incremental capacity unit, the current time-sharing shareable absorption capacity of each candidate shared domain is deducted and updated. Specifically, for all target incremental capacity units obtained in the same round of screening, the corresponding time-sharing incremental output is first summarized by time period, and then the current time-sharing shareable absorption capacity of each candidate shared domain is deducted and updated in one go by time period. Based on the updated time period shareable absorption capacity, the process of determining absorbable output, judging preset absorption conditions, and retaining target incremental capacity units continues for incremental capacity units that have not yet been retained, until there are no incremental capacity units that meet the preset absorption conditions.

[0043] Furthermore, determining the absorbable and non-absorbable output of each non-reserved incremental capacity unit in each time period within the preset evaluation period includes: Read the time-sharing incremental output sequence and the shareable absorption capacity of each candidate shared domain in the order of time periods, and identify the unreserved incremental capacity units with incremental output greater than zero in the current time period. Calculate the sum of incremental output of each unreserved incremental capacity unit in the current time period; when the sum of incremental output is not greater than the shareable absorption capacity of the current time period, determine the incremental output of each unreserved incremental capacity unit in the current time period as the absorbable output of the corresponding time period, and determine the non-absorbable output of the corresponding time period as zero. When the total incremental output exceeds the shared absorption capacity of the current time period, for each unreserved incremental capacity unit, the total output that can still be absorbed after matching with the shared absorption capacity of the corresponding time period in the other output periods excluding the current time period is calculated, and this is determined as the alternative absorption margin of the unreserved incremental capacity unit in the current time period; wherein, the alternative absorption margin refers to the cumulative value of the smaller value between the incremental output of the corresponding unreserved incremental capacity unit in the other output periods excluding the current time period and the shared absorption capacity of the corresponding time period; in the calculation of the alternative absorption margin of the same unreserved incremental capacity unit, the shared absorption capacity of each alternative time period is only counted once; Based on the incremental output and corresponding replacement absorption margin of each unreserved incremental capacity unit in the current time period, the priority value for each unreserved incremental capacity unit to occupy the shareable absorption capacity in the current time period is determined. Among them, the unreserved incremental capacity unit with the larger incremental output and smaller replacement absorption margin in the current time period has a higher priority value. The priority value is determined according to the following rules: first, the unreserved incremental capacity units are sorted from smallest to largest by their replacement absorption margin, and the unreserved incremental capacity unit with the smaller replacement absorption margin has a higher priority value; when the replacement absorption margin is the same, they are then sorted from largest to smallest by their incremental output in the current time period, and the unreserved incremental capacity unit with the larger incremental output in the current time period has a higher priority value; and priority values ​​are assigned in sequence according to the sorting results.

[0044] Based on the proportion of the product of the current time-period incremental output and the occupancy priority value of each unreserved incremental capacity unit, the shareable absorption capacity of the current time period is allocated to determine the allocable absorption capacity of each unreserved incremental capacity unit in the current time period. The absorbable output of each unreserved incremental capacity unit in the current time period is determined to be the smaller value between its current time-period incremental output and its corresponding allocable absorption capacity. Specifically, the shareable absorption capacity of the current time period is allocated to the corresponding unreserved incremental capacity units in descending order of occupancy priority value until the shareable absorption capacity of the current time period is fully allocated. For each unreserved incremental capacity unit, its allocable absorption capacity in the current time period is not greater than its incremental output in the current time period. Subtract the absorbable output of each non-reserved incremental capacity unit from the incremental output of the corresponding time period to obtain the non-absorbable output of each non-reserved incremental capacity unit in the current time period. The absorbable and non-absorbable power outputs determined for each time period within the preset assessment period are summed to obtain the cumulative absorbable and non-absorbable power outputs of each unreserved incremental capacity unit within the preset assessment period. The cumulative absorbable and non-absorbable power outputs are both summed according to the incremental electricity volume corresponding to each time period within the preset assessment period.

[0045] S5 outputs the building cluster partitioning results and the photovoltaic configuration capacity of each building based on all the target incremental capacity units that are ultimately retained.

[0046] In this embodiment, the step of outputting the building cluster partitioning result and the photovoltaic configuration capacity of each building based on all the final retained target incremental capacity units includes: The target incremental capacity units to be retained are summarized according to building affiliation. The capacity values ​​of each target incremental capacity unit corresponding to the same building are summed to obtain the photovoltaic configuration capacity of each building. Based on the power output allocation results of each target incremental capacity unit in each time period within the preset evaluation period, the surplus power sharing direction and shared power of the corresponding building to other buildings in each time period are determined. The surplus electricity sharing flow and shared electricity volume for each time period within the preset evaluation period are accumulated to obtain the cumulative shared electricity volume between buildings; When the cumulative shared electricity between any two buildings is not lower than the preset shared group threshold, it is determined that there is an effective surplus electricity sharing relationship between the two buildings, and a building sharing association graph is constructed with the buildings with the effective surplus electricity sharing relationship as nodes; Identify the connected building sets in the building sharing association graph, and determine the buildings within the same connected building set as the same building cluster to obtain the building cluster partitioning result; Output the set of buildings contained in each building cluster and the photovoltaic configuration capacity of each building.

[0047] Figure 2 This illustration shows the topological relationship of a building cluster within an existing low-voltage power distribution network, as well as the candidate shared domain results identified based on the allowed surplus power sharing relationship. The left sub-figure is the physical topology diagram of the low-voltage power distribution network. A common transformer supplies power to multiple buildings via branch boxes A and B, specifically including Office Building #1, Teaching Building #2, Dormitory #3, Canteen #4, Laboratory Building #5, and Library #6. The rated transmission capacity and current load level of each power distribution path are marked next to them, reflecting the available margin between buildings within the existing power distribution topology. This physical topology allows determination of whether a continuous power distribution path exists between any two buildings, connected by a closed switch, and whether each segment on this path meets the preset safety margin requirements, thus providing a basis for subsequent determination of the surplus power sharing relationship.

[0048] The right-hand sub-graph shows the candidate shared domain identification results. This graph uses each building as a node and pairs of buildings that meet the surplus power sharing conditions as edges, forming a shared relationship graph between buildings. The "margin" label next to the edges in the graph indicates the magnitude of the remaining transmission capacity constraint on the path when surplus power is transferred between corresponding buildings. By identifying the connectivity of the shared relationship graph, candidate shared domains can be obtained, representing a set of buildings with internal surplus power mutual assistance potential under the current power distribution structure and line margin conditions. This graph reflects that the present invention does not simply divide clusters according to geographical proximity or similar building attributes, but rather constructs candidate shared domains based on the actual power supply topology, continuous transmission paths, and line remaining capacity, thereby ensuring that subsequent photovoltaic capacity configuration is based on practically implementable power distribution constraints.

[0049] Figure 3 This represents the final planned photovoltaic (PV) capacity for each building under the constraint of the maximum technically achievable installed capacity. Blue bars represent the maximum technically achievable installed capacity on the building's roof or usable space, while orange bars represent the actual configured capacity determined after planning using this method. Figure 3 It is evident that the planned capacity of Office Building #1 is consistent with the maximum technically achievable installed capacity, indicating that its local absorption capacity or shared absorption conditions can support full configuration. However, the planned capacity of buildings such as Dormitory #3, Canteen #4, and Library #6 is significantly lower than the maximum technically achievable installed capacity, indicating that this method does not simply maximize configuration based on the installable area, but rather selects configuration results by combining building power load, shared absorption relationship, and capacity constraints.

[0050] This figure can intuitively illustrate the constraint screening effect of the present invention in the capacity planning stage. That is, it avoids blindly expanding the capacity based solely on the roof's installable capacity, but instead converts the technically installable capacity into a planned capacity that can be actually absorbed or shared by the building complex, thereby reducing the risks of excessive photovoltaic configuration, curtailment, or reverse transmission, and improving the rationality of photovoltaic capacity configuration in the building complex.

[0051] Figure 4 This matrix is ​​used to represent the cumulative shared electricity consumption relationships between different buildings within the assessment period. The rows and columns correspond to each building, and the values ​​in the cross cells represent the cumulative shared electricity consumption between the corresponding buildings. Brighter colors indicate larger shared electricity consumption, while a "-" indicates that no effective shared electricity consumption occurred between the building pairs or the shared amount is negligible. Figure 4 It is evident that there is a significant shared power volume between Office Building #1 and Canteen #4, totaling 68.2 kWh; there is also a noticeable sharing relationship between Teaching Building #2, Dormitory #3 and Canteen #4, with 32.8 kWh and 34.1 kWh respectively; at the same time, there is also a certain amount of shared power volume between Office Building #1, Dormitory #3 and Library #6.

[0052] This diagram illustrates that the present invention does not allocate photovoltaic capacity to individual buildings in isolation, but rather further identifies the load complementarity relationships and shareable absorption paths between buildings. This matrix reveals which buildings can serve as the primary recipients of surplus photovoltaic power and which buildings contribute less to sharing. This provides a basis for subsequently determining the sharing domain, optimizing capacity allocation, and verifying the absorbability of the planned capacity. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the planned capacity results originate from the actual complementary electricity consumption relationships between buildings, rather than a simple capacity ratio allocation.

[0053] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0054] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0056] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0057] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0058] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for configuring building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) capacity, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Candidate shared domains are constructed based on electrical connections between buildings that allow for the sharing of surplus power. Within each candidate shared domain, the candidate photovoltaic capacity of each building is divided into incremental capacity units, forming a corresponding time-sharing incremental output sequence; Based on the time-sharing output corresponding to the reserved incremental capacity units, the time-sharing capacity that can be shared in each time period of each candidate shared domain is determined, and the time-sharing incremental output sequence is matched with the time-sharing capacity that can be shared in each time period to determine the time-sharing co-capacity constraints between incremental capacity units. Under the time period shared capacity constraint, the incremental capacity units that meet the preset absorption conditions are retained as target incremental capacity units. After updating the time period shareable absorption capacity, the iterative screening continues until there are no more incremental capacity units that meet the preset absorption conditions. Based on all the target incremental capacity units that are ultimately retained, the output shows the division results of the building cluster and the photovoltaic configuration capacity of each building.

2. The method for configuring building cluster photovoltaic capacity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of candidate shared domains based on electrical connections between buildings that allow for surplus power sharing includes: Based on the low-voltage power supply topology of the candidate buildings, candidate building pairs that are connected to the low-voltage side of the same public transformer and form a continuous power distribution path through closed switches and operable line segments are identified. Based on the rated current carrying capacity, load current and safety margin of the line segment on the continuous power distribution path, determine whether the corresponding candidate building pairs meet the access conditions for surplus power sharing. Candidate building pairs that meet the criteria for surplus power sharing are identified as sharing relationship edges, and a sharing relationship graph is constructed with the candidate buildings as nodes. The set of connected buildings in the sharing relationship graph is identified as a candidate sharing domain.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The step of dividing each building's candidate photovoltaic capacity into incremental capacity units within each candidate shared domain includes: Based on the available area of ​​each building's roof, component layout conditions, and installed capacity per unit area, the upper limit of the physical installed capacity of the corresponding building is determined. Based on the distribution of shading time periods, orientation parameters, and tilt angle parameters of different candidate layout sub-areas on the corresponding building rooftop, the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity is determined within the upper limit of physical installable capacity. The upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity is divided into levels according to the preset capacity step size to generate multiple candidate photovoltaic capacities for the corresponding buildings. The capacity difference between two adjacent candidate photovoltaic capacities is determined as the incremental capacity unit of the corresponding building, and each incremental capacity unit is numbered in ascending order of capacity.

4. The method for configuring the building cluster photovoltaic capacity according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity within the upper limit of physical installable capacity includes: The corresponding building roof is divided into multiple candidate layout sub-zones, and the installed capacity of each candidate layout sub-zone is determined. Based on the irradiance, shading correction, orientation correction and tilt angle correction of each candidate arrangement sub-region during the preset high output period, the effective output per unit capacity of each candidate arrangement sub-region is determined. The order of inclusion of candidate layout sub-areas is determined by ranking the effective output per unit capacity from high to low, and the corresponding sub-areas' installable capacity is accumulated sequentially. When the effective output per unit capacity of the candidate layout sub-area is lower than the preset output utilization threshold, or the installed capacity of the corresponding sub-area is lower than the minimum access capacity of the project, the inclusion will be stopped, and the accumulated capacity before the cessation of inclusion will be determined as the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity of the corresponding building.

5. The method for configuring the building cluster photovoltaic capacity of claim 4, wherein, The step of dividing the upper limit of candidate configuration capacity step size step by step to generate multiple candidate photovoltaic capacities for corresponding buildings includes: Based on the series and parallel configuration of photovoltaic modules, the lower limit of inverter access capacity, and the minimum expandable capacity of the project, the preset capacity step size for the corresponding building is determined. The upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity is incrementally divided according to the preset capacity step size to generate multiple candidate photovoltaic capacities that do not exceed the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity. When the remaining capacity after incremental division reaches the minimum access capacity of the project, the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity is taken as the highest tier of candidate photovoltaic capacity; when the remaining capacity does not reach the minimum access capacity of the project, the capacity of the next higher tier, not exceeding the upper limit of the candidate configuration capacity, is taken as the highest tier of candidate photovoltaic capacity.

6. The method for configuring the building cluster photovoltaic capacity of claim 5, wherein, The formation of the corresponding time-division incremental power output sequence includes: According to the numbering order of each incremental capacity unit, determine the target deployment objects to be newly included in each incremental capacity unit relative to the previous tier of candidate photovoltaic capacity; Based on the capacity, shading time period distribution, orientation parameters, tilt angle parameters, and irradiance intensity of the target arrangement object, the theoretical incremental output of the incremental capacity unit in each time period is determined. By combining the shading correction, orientation and tilt angle correction, inverter efficiency and line loss for the corresponding time period, the theoretical incremental output is corrected to obtain the AC incremental output of the incremental capacity unit in each time period. The incremental AC output of each time period is arranged in chronological order to form a time-sharing incremental output sequence for the corresponding incremental capacity unit.

7. The method for configuring the building cluster photovoltaic capacity according to claim 6, characterized in that, The determination of the shareable absorption capacity for each time period of each candidate shared domain based on the time-sharing output corresponding to the reserved incremental capacity units includes: For each building within each candidate shared domain at the same time, the time-sharing output of each incremental capacity unit already reserved in that building is summarized and compared with the building's concurrent load to determine the remaining load. In buildings with a residual load greater than zero, determine the buildings that can accept the residual electricity and the residual transmission capacity of the residual electricity transmission paths between them. The smaller of the remaining load and the remaining transmission capacity of the building during the corresponding time period is determined as the upper limit of the remaining power that the building can accept during that time period, and no duplicate upper limit is calculated for the same building. The upper limit of the acceptable surplus power of each building is summarized to obtain the time-period shareable absorption capacity of the candidate shared domain in the corresponding time period.

8. The method for configuring building cluster photovoltaic capacity according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of matching the time-sharing incremental output sequence with the time-sharing shareable absorption capacity to determine the time-sharing compatibility constraints between incremental capacity units includes: For each time period, extract the incremental capacity units to be judged that have a time-sharing incremental output greater than zero; The extracted units within this time period are combined and enumerated, and the total incremental output of each combination is calculated. Combinations whose total incremental output exceeds the shareable absorption capacity of the time period are identified as mutually exclusive combinations for that time period, and time period co-capacity constraints are established for each unit within the combination under that time period. By summarizing the time-period compatibility constraints of each time period, the time-period compatibility constraints among the incremental capacity units in the candidate shared domain are obtained. These time-period compatibility constraints are used to characterize that the corresponding units cannot be connected simultaneously in at least one time period with the same output.

9. The method for configuring building cluster photovoltaic capacity according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of retaining target incremental capacity units that meet preset absorption conditions under time-period shared capacity constraints, and updating the shareable absorption capacity for each time period before continuing the screening includes: Based on the time-of-use output of the unreserved units and the shareable absorption capacity for the current period, calculate the absorbable and non-absorbable output of each unit, and determine its local photovoltaic power absorption rate and the amount of curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared absorption capacity. Units that do not meet the preset consumption conditions are eliminated. For units with time-limited capacity constraints, one of them is retained as the target unit for this round according to the following priority: those with higher local photovoltaic power consumption rate are given priority. If the proportions are the same, those with smaller curtailed photovoltaic power exceeding the shared consumption capacity are given priority. If they are still the same, those with earlier numbers are given priority. The time-sharing output of the target units in this round can be summarized by time period and then deducted once for the update period, allowing for the sharing of absorption capacity; Repeat the above process based on the updated window until no cell meets the conditions.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The step of outputting the building cluster partitioning results and the photovoltaic configuration capacity of each building based on the final retained target incremental capacity units includes: The photovoltaic configuration capacity of a building is obtained by summing the capacities of each target incremental capacity unit in the same building. Based on the power output allocation results for each time period, the cumulative shared electricity between buildings is determined; A shared association graph is constructed using buildings whose cumulative shared electricity is not less than a preset cluster threshold as nodes. Connected sets of these buildings are identified as the same building cluster, and the set of buildings in each cluster and the photovoltaic configuration capacity of each building are output.

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