A method and system for automatically optimizing power generation of small and medium-sized hydropower stations according to water level

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of power system, in particular to a kind of small and medium-sized hydropower station according to water level automatic optimization power generation control method and system, by real-time acquisition water level of hydropower station front pool and with the comparison of each level mark water level, determine the water level interval where water level is currently located and judge whether trigger overrun;If it is determined to trigger overrun, then based on the water level interval where water level is currently located, overrun adjustment is executed and the load to be adjusted is determined;If it is determined that overrun is not triggered and water level has not returned to stable area, calculate real-time water level change rate, and combined with the water level interval where current water level is located, interval adjustment is executed and the load to be adjusted is determined;Based on the load and weight mapping model of each unit, the total weight of operating unit and the minimum are taken as the target, and the load to be adjusted is distributed among each operating unit and controlled to start and stop.The present application effectively improves the water level control precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system technology, specifically to a method and system for automatic optimized power generation control based on water level in small and medium-sized hydropower stations. Background Technology

[0002] my country currently has approximately 41,000 small and medium-sized hydropower stations, among which medium-to-high head forebay diversion-type power stations account for a large proportion. Currently, the main automatic water level control power generation operation methods for small and medium-sized hydropower stations fall into two categories: 1. Regulation method based on upper and lower limits of forebay water level: By setting upper and lower limits for the forebay water level, unit load regulation is executed when the water level reaches the threshold. This method has the following drawbacks: regulation is only triggered when the water level reaches the threshold, which cannot achieve dynamic matching between unit output and upstream inflow; the water level is not continuously regulated within the upper and lower limit range, which can easily lead to continuous and large fluctuations in the forebay water level within the threshold range, resulting in significant regulation lag.

[0003] 2. Pressure feedback-based regulation: This method involves adding a pressure monitoring device, setting a stable pressure range, and adjusting unit output based on pressure exceeding or falling below limits to maintain pressure within the set range. This method requires high pressure detection accuracy and, in scenarios with multiple units operating in parallel, struggles to optimize load distribution among units. Furthermore, the regulation effect is significantly affected by differences in unit characteristics.

[0004] For medium and high head forebay diversion-type small and medium-sized hydropower stations, the following key issues are currently prevalent in on-site operations: If only water level judgment control is used, it is impossible to achieve optimal load distribution among units, and the control strategy is too simple to achieve fast and accurate adjustment, which is prone to water level control lag or overshoot.

[0005] If the integrated characteristic curve of the unit is used as an operating reference, the integrated characteristic curve of most units in the field is missing, or the obtained curve deviates greatly from the actual operating conditions, and cannot provide a reliable basis for control strategy.

[0006] If the operation is guided by the water flow rate, most power plants have irregular shapes in their forebays, and measuring the horizontal cross-sectional area is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The method of converting the flow rate based on the water level change rate has a large error and is difficult to use as a stable and reliable control input.

[0007] Therefore, the existing technology of "inferring the flow rate from the comprehensive characteristic curve, calculating the total inflow of water into the forebay, and then distributing the load among the units through the comprehensive characteristic curve" relies on the accurate comprehensive characteristic curve of the units provided on site. If the matching relationship between output and flow rate does not match the actual situation, it is easy to cause frequent system adjustments and cannot effectively control the water level in the forebay, resulting in poor control stability and insufficient water level control accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a method and system for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for automatically optimizing power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level, comprising the following steps: The water level in the forebay of the hydropower station is collected in real time. The collected water level is compared with the preset water levels at various levels to determine the current water level range and whether an over-limit is triggered. If an over-limit is triggered, over-limit regulation will be performed based on the current water level range and the load to be regulated will be determined. If it is determined that no limit has been triggered and the water level has not returned to the stable zone, when the time spent in the current water level range reaches the water level change rate judgment time corresponding to the current water level range, the real-time water level change rate within the water level change rate judgment time is calculated, and combined with the water level range in which the current water level is located, the range regulation is performed and the load to be regulated is determined; the regulation priority of the limit-breaking regulation is higher than the regulation priority of the range regulation. Based on the load and weight mapping model of each unit, with the goal of minimizing the total weight of the operating units, the load to be adjusted is distributed and controlled for start-up and shutdown among the operating units.

[0009] Furthermore, the water levels at each level, in descending order, include at least an upper limit water level, an upper limit water level, an optimal water level, a lower limit water level, and a lower-lower limit water level; the collected water level is compared with the preset water levels at each level to determine whether an over-limit has been triggered, including: When the collected water level exceeds the upper limit water level or the upper limit water level, or the water level exceeds the lower limit water level or the lower limit water level, and continues for the corresponding limit-breaking judgment time of the marker water level, it is determined that a limit-breaking has been triggered.

[0010] Furthermore, the water level range includes at least: an upper limit zone, an upper limit zone, a stable zone, a lower limit zone, and a lower lower limit zone; the step of performing over-limit regulation and determining the load to be regulated is as follows: If the current water level is in the upper limit zone or the upper limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level, then based on the single adjustment step size, the water level rise and fall rate coefficient and the zone adjustment coefficient corresponding to the current water level zone, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load increase adjustment is executed. If the current water level is in the lower-lower limit zone or the lower limit zone corresponding to the lower limit water level, then based on the single adjustment step size, the water level rise and fall rate coefficient and the zone adjustment coefficient corresponding to the current water level zone, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load reduction adjustment is performed.

[0011] Furthermore, the interval adjustment includes: If the current water level is in the upper limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level or the upper limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level, then based on the real-time water level change rate, the reference water level change rate, the rise and fall rate coefficient and the zone adjustment coefficient corresponding to the current water level zone, the number of times to be adjusted is calculated, and combined with the single adjustment step size, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load increase adjustment is executed. If the current water level is in the lower limit zone of the lower limit water level or the lower limit zone of the lower limit water level, then based on the real-time water level change rate, the reference water level change rate, the rise and fall rate coefficient and the zone adjustment coefficient corresponding to the water level zone where the current water level is located, the number of times to be adjusted is calculated, and combined with the single adjustment step size, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load reduction adjustment is executed. If the current water level is in a stable zone, the number of times to be adjusted is calculated based on the real-time water level change rate and the reference water level change rate corresponding to the current water level range. Combined with the single adjustment step size, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load increase / decrease adjustment is performed. The stable zone includes at least: the optimal water level dead zone, the stable zone above the optimal water level, and the stable zone below the optimal water level.

[0012] Furthermore, if the current water level falls within the upper limit zone or the upper limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level, the calculation formula for the number of adjustments to be made is as follows: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates the real-time rate of water level change. Indicates the rate of change of the upper limit zone or the reference water level corresponding to the upper limit zone; Indicates the coefficient of water level rise and fall rate; This indicates the upper limit zone or the interval adjustment coefficient corresponding to the upper limit zone; Indicates rounding down; This represents the function that takes the maximum value.

[0013] Furthermore, if the current water level falls within the lower-lower limit zone or the lower limit zone corresponding to the lower limit water level, the calculation formula for the number of adjustments to be made is as follows: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates the real-time rate of change of water level; Indicates the rate of change of the reference water level in the lower limit zone or the zone corresponding to the lower limit. Indicates the coefficient of water level rise and fall rate; This indicates the lower limit zone or the interval adjustment coefficient corresponding to the lower limit zone; Indicates rounding down; This represents the function that takes the minimum value.

[0014] Furthermore, the load and weight mapping model is constructed in the following ways: The unit's output-efficiency curve is obtained, and the unit's load range is discretized into multiple discrete load ranges. Weight values ​​are assigned to each discrete load interval, with the weight value corresponding to the high-efficiency load interval being lower than that corresponding to the low-efficiency load interval.

[0015] Furthermore, the process of allocating the load to be adjusted among the operating units with the goal of minimizing the total weight of the operating units includes: The load to be adjusted is divided into several single adjustment steps with preset power values; When not all operating units have reached their maximum output value, the single adjustment step size is allocated sequentially. When performing load increase allocation, the weight value increment of each operating unit after increasing by one of the aforementioned single adjustment steps is calculated, and the current single adjustment step is allocated to the unit with the smallest weight value increment; if multiple units have the same weight value increment, it is allocated to the unit with the highest preset priority; when performing load decrease allocation, the weight value reduction of each operating unit after decreasing by one of the aforementioned single adjustment steps is calculated, and the current single adjustment step is allocated to the unit with the largest weight value reduction; if multiple units have the same weight value reduction, it is allocated to the unit with the lowest preset priority; if all operating units reach their upper or lower output limits, the remaining unallocated load to be adjusted is discarded.

[0016] Furthermore, the start / stop control includes: When the load to be adjusted is an increased load and the following start-up conditions are met, the standby units will be started in descending order of their preset priority. When the load to be adjusted is a load reduction and the following shutdown conditions are met, the operating units shall be shut down sequentially in order of preset priority from low to high; wherein, the preset priority limits the units with higher priority to start up earlier and shut down later; The power-on conditions are: The shutdown conditions are: Where: M is the total number of generating units; Let i be the load currently carried by the i-th generating unit; The rated power of the i-th unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; and All are loads to be adjusted; For: the additional regulating load caused by the drop or rise in water level; coefficient For: the load factor that each of the other generating units is reduced to ensure that the last generating unit waiting to be started can reach the required starting load; factor Here: When a unit is shut down, the margin for increasing the load on the operating units is reserved to avoid frequent start-up and shutdown of the units at critical positions; j is the total number of operating units in order of priority from high to low; x is the number of units waiting to be started in order of priority from high to low.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention also provides an automatic optimization power generation control system for small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level, comprising a memory and a processor. The memory is used to store executable computer program code, and the processor is used to call and run the executable computer program code from the memory, causing the system to execute an automatic optimization power generation control method for small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level, as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0018] This invention offers the following advantages: By real-time monitoring of the forebay water level and combining it with multi-level marker water levels, a dual control mechanism combining over-limit regulation and interval regulation is introduced. When an over-limit is triggered, high-priority over-limit regulation is executed first, ensuring the system can quickly respond to extreme water level fluctuations. If no over-limit is triggered or after over-limit regulation is completed, interval regulation is executed based on the real-time water level change rate of the current water level interval, achieving smooth fine-tuning of the water level. Finally, load allocation and start-up / shutdown control are performed based on the unit load and weight mapping model. While ensuring safe and stable water levels, this effectively avoids blind load allocation and frequent start-ups / shutdowns among units, achieving global optimization of the overall operating efficiency and economic benefits of the hydropower station. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1This is a flowchart of an automatic power generation control method for small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the various levels of marker water levels according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the efficiency-output curve of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the unit weight distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the invention. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention.

[0023] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method embodiments of the present invention may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

[0024] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended inclusions, meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the description below.

[0025] It should be noted that the concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this invention are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules or units or their interdependencies.

[0026] Although operations or steps are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, this should not be construed as requiring these operations or steps to be performed in the specific order or serial order shown, or requiring all of the shown operations or steps to be performed to obtain the desired result. In the embodiments of the present invention, these operations or steps may be performed serially; they may be performed in parallel; or a portion of these operations or steps may be performed.

[0027] Furthermore, it is understood that the data involved in the technical solutions of this invention (including but not limited to the data itself, the acquisition or use of the data) shall comply with the requirements of relevant laws, regulations, and provisions. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0028] To enable rapid and optimized power generation deployment and ensure quick and accurate adjustments, this invention provides a method and system for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level. By observing the intuitive changes in water level, the system uses a minimum step size adjustment method to adjust the generating units accordingly. The comprehensive characteristic curve of the generating units is used only as a reference for load optimization allocation among the generating units based on the output-efficiency curve, thus reducing the dependence on the accuracy of the comprehensive characteristic curve.

[0029] The following will describe in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a method and system for automatic power generation control based on water level in small and medium-sized hydropower stations provided by embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the basic flow chart of an automatic power generation control method for small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The method specifically includes the following steps: Step S100: Collect the water level of the forebay of the hydropower station in real time, compare the collected water level with the preset water levels of each level, determine the current water level range, and determine whether the limit has been triggered.

[0031] Based on the actual conditions of different power stations, different marker water levels and water level ranges are set. By comparing the water level of the forebay of the hydropower station collected in real time with the preset marker water levels at each level, the current water level range is determined and it is judged whether the limit has been triggered.

[0032] In a specific example, the water levels at each level, in descending order, include at least an upper limit water level, an upper limit water level, an optimal water level, a lower limit water level, and a lower lower limit water level. The collected water level is compared with the preset water levels at each level to determine whether an over-limit is triggered. This includes: if the collected water level exceeds the upper limit water level or the upper limit water level, or if the water level exceeds the lower lower limit water level or the lower limit water level, and this continues for the over-limit judgment time corresponding to the water level, then an over-limit is determined to have been triggered.

[0033] Specifically, different marker water levels are set based on the actual operating conditions of different power plants and the structure of the forebay, along with different threshold judgment times for exceeding these marker water levels. For example... Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the set water levels include an upper limit water level, an upper limit water level, an optimal water level, a lower limit water level, and a lower lower limit water level: Upper limit water level: This can be set as the highest water level limit allowed in the forebay of the power station. It can generally be set as the overflow water level, that is, exceeding this water level will result in water wastage, which will lead to water loss and reduced power generation efficiency.

[0034] Upper limit water level: Set above the optimal operating water level. Starting from a cross-section at a certain water level on the vertical line, the horizontal surface area begins to change rapidly; this water level is set as the upper limit water level. If, as the water level rises, the length of the water diversion channel included in the forebay area increases rapidly, a suitable intermediate water level can be selected as the upper limit water level. It should be understood that the upper limit water level can be selected based on the actual site conditions. If not required, the upper limit water level and the upper limit water level can be set to the same value.

[0035] Optimal water level: can be set to the optimal water level for the power station's operation design.

[0036] Upper and lower limits of optimal water level: Dead zones above and below the optimal water level The corresponding water levels form the optimal water level range for power station operation, by setting upper and lower dead zones. This can avoid frequent adjustments at the optimal water level.

[0037] Lower limit water level: The setting principle is the same as the upper limit water level, and it is also optional.

[0038] Lower limit water level: can be set as the minimum water level allowed in the forebay of the power station, a certain distance above it. If the water level is below this level, it is considered to pose a certain risk to the operation of the unit, and the unit load should be reduced or the unit should be shut down immediately to restore the water level to the stable zone as soon as possible.

[0039] The above-mentioned different threshold water level exceedance judgment times are set. In this embodiment, the different threshold exceedance judgment times set for the above-upper limit water level, upper limit water level, optimal water level, lower limit water level, and lower-lower limit water level are: threshold exceedance judgment times corresponding to the upper limit water level, upper limit water level, optimal water level, lower limit water level, and lower-lower limit water level. , , , For example, the time for judging whether the upper or lower water level exceeds the limit. and Set to 1 minute to determine the time for exceeding the upper and lower limits of the water level. and The setting of 0.5 minutes is intended to prevent false alarms caused by drastic water level fluctuations within a short period. Taking exceeding the upper limit as an example, the criterion for exceeding the limit is: when the real-time collected water level exceeds the set upper limit, and after... If the water level remains above the upper limit after a certain period, it is considered to have exceeded the upper limit. The same principle applies to determining other water levels exceeding the limit.

[0040] Meanwhile, based on different marker water levels, multiple water level zones are divided, including: the upper limit zone, the upper limit zone, the stable zone, the lower limit zone, and the lower-lower limit zone. Specifically, the upper limit zone refers to the water level area above or equal to the upper limit level but below the highest water level; the upper limit zone refers to the water level area above or equal to the upper limit level but below the upper limit level; the stable zone refers to the water level area above the lower limit level but below the upper limit level; the lower limit zone refers to the water level area above the lower-lower limit level but below or equal to the lower limit level; and the lower-lower limit zone refers to the water level area above the lowest water level but below or equal to the lower-lower limit level.

[0041] By comparing the collected water level with the above-mentioned multiple water level intervals, the current water level interval can be determined.

[0042] Step S200: If it is determined that no limit exceedance has been triggered or the limit exceedance adjustment has been completed, and the time spent within the current water level range reaches the water level change rate judgment time corresponding to the current water level range, then the real-time water level change rate within the water level change rate judgment time is calculated, and combined with the water level range in which the current water level is located, interval adjustment is performed and the load to be adjusted is determined. The adjustment priority of the limit exceedance adjustment is higher than the adjustment priority of the interval adjustment.

[0043] The system can be configured with either an over-limit adjustment mode or a range adjustment mode, with the over-limit adjustment mode having a higher priority than the range adjustment mode. If the above judgment triggers an over-limit, then the over-limit adjustment will be executed based on the water level range in which the water level is located.

[0044] In a specific example, performing over-limit regulation and determining the load to be regulated includes: if the current water level is in the upper-upper limit zone or the upper limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level, then based on the single regulation step size, the water level rise / fall rate coefficient and the interval regulation coefficient corresponding to the current water level, the load to be regulated is determined and load increase regulation is performed; if the current water level is in the lower-lower limit zone or the lower limit zone corresponding to the lower limit water level, then based on the single regulation step size, the water level rise / fall rate coefficient and the interval regulation coefficient corresponding to the current water level, the load to be regulated is determined and load decrease regulation is performed.

[0045] In a specific example, interval regulation includes: if the current water level is in the upper-upper-limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level or the upper limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level, then based on the real-time water level change rate, the reference water level change rate corresponding to the current water level interval, the rise and fall rate coefficient, and the interval regulation coefficient, the number of times to be regulated is calculated, and combined with the single regulation step size, the load to be regulated is determined and load increase regulation is executed; if the current water level is in the lower-lower-limit zone corresponding to the lower limit water level or the lower limit zone corresponding to the lower limit water level, then based on the real-time water level change rate, the reference water level change rate ... reference water level change rate, the reference water level change rate, the reference water level change rate, and the interval regulation coefficient are calculated, and combined with the single regulation step size, the load to be regulated is determined and load increase regulation is executed; The system calculates the number of adjustments to be made based on the reference water level change rate, the water level rise / fall rate coefficient, and the interval regulation coefficient corresponding to the current water level interval. Then, it determines the load to be adjusted and performs load reduction regulation by combining the single adjustment step size. If the current water level interval is a stable zone, the system calculates the number of adjustments to be made based on the real-time water level change rate and the reference water level change rate corresponding to the current water level interval. Then, it determines the load to be adjusted and performs load increase / decrease regulation by combining the single adjustment step size. The stable zone includes at least: the optimal water level dead zone, the stable zone above the optimal water level, and the stable zone below the optimal water level.

[0046] Specifically, the water level change rate judgment time is set for the different marker water levels defined above. In this embodiment, the water level change rate judgment time includes the water level change rate judgment time corresponding to the upper limit zone, upper limit zone, stable zone, lower limit zone, and lower lower limit zone. , , , , For example, the time required to determine the rate of change of water levels at the upper and lower limits. and The calculation is set to be performed once every minute, determining the rate of change of water levels at the upper and lower limits. and The calculation is set to be performed every 3 minutes to determine the rate of change of water level in the stable zone. Set to calculate once every 5 minutes.

[0047] Set single adjustment step size It can be set to specify the load or the number of times the unit load increase / decrease adjustment commands are issued. For example, the single adjustment step size can be set to 50kW.

[0048] Set reference water level change rates for different water level ranges, including: upper limit zone, upper limit zone, stable zone, lower limit zone, and lower lower limit zone. , , , , ,in: Reference water level change rate in the stable zone The setting is as follows: when the unit to be regulated is operating at 0.8-0.9 times its rated power in the stable region (hereinafter, all values ​​are 0.8-0.9 times the rated power), one step adjustment is performed. The absolute value of the rate of change of water level.

[0049] Reference water level change rate in the upper limit zone Set to: within the [upper limit, upper upper limit) water level range Sub-step size adjustment ( The absolute value of the rate of change of water level; (coefficient) Settings need to be adjusted according to the actual situation. For example, if the adjustment is based on the number of times, decimals are not allowed. (The same applies below). This is the interval adjustment coefficient for the upper limit zone.

[0050] Reference water level change rate in the lower limit zone Set to: within the water level range of (lower limit, lower limit) The absolute value of the rate of water level change corresponding to each step adjustment. This is the interval adjustment coefficient for the lower limit zone.

[0051] Reference water level change rate in the upper limit zone Set to: within the water level range of [upper limit, highest water level) The absolute value of the rate of water level change corresponding to each step adjustment. This is the interval adjustment coefficient for the upper and lower limits.

[0052] Reference water level change rate in the lower limit zone Set to: within the water level range of (lowest water level, lower limit) The absolute value of the rate of water level change corresponding to each step adjustment. This is the interval adjustment coefficient for the lower limit zone.

[0053] Set an unstable zone, and adjust the water level rise / fall rate coefficient. The corresponding formula is as follows: Where: c, M, b all represent fixed coefficients, which can be set for different water level ranges based on the on-site forebay structure and on-site test results; This refers to the actual water level. This is the optimal water level.

[0054] For sections of the forebay structure with roughly the same area along the vertical line, the reference rate of water level change can be set to be the same. In practical applications, to avoid excessive differences in the rate of water level change when crossing sections, it is recommended to use the following section adjustment coefficient: ,and Rated output of the unit.

[0055] In reality, for most power plants, the area along the vertical line outside the stable water level range is very uneven, making it impossible to make precise adjustments based on the rate of water level change. Therefore, the adjustment outside the stable range is mainly aimed at lowering the water level to ensure that the water level can return to the stable range as soon as possible.

[0056] Scenario 1: If the above judgment triggers an over-limit, and the water level is in the upper limit zone, that is, the water level rises above the upper limit water level, and in... If the water level remains above the upper limit, the water level regulation mechanism will be triggered, and the water level will be adjusted beyond the upper limit. The principle of this adjustment is to ensure that the water level is adjusted according to the overall limit. Next adjustment step size (corresponding to) (Water level change rate) lowers the water level. The process of exceeding the upper limit for regulation includes: according to the load to be regulated... Perform over-limit adjustment, that is: according to The unit load is increased in increments of 1 step, with each step being 1 step. .

[0057] After all load adjustments are completed, if the water level does not return to the stable zone, the water level in the forebay of the hydropower station is re-collected to determine if an over-limit is triggered. If an over-limit is triggered, and the water level continues to rise above the upper limit, over-limit adjustment continues. If the water level does not return to the stable zone but no over-limit is triggered, interval adjustment is performed. The specific implementation process includes: If, after a certain period of time, the water level remains above the upper limit, calculate... Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .according to Values ​​are used to adjust load using different strategies: in: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates rounding down, for example: 4.5 = 4, -3.5 = -4, no load reduction operation will be performed in the upper and lower limit range; This represents the function that takes the maximum value.

[0058] According to the load to be adjusted Perform range adjustment, that is: according to The unit load is increased or decreased in increments, with each increment being [number]. .

[0059] After all load adjustments are completed, If the water level falls below the upper limit within the specified time, the timer will restart and the calculation will begin again. Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .according to The value, and the current water level range, will be used to adjust the load according to the adjustment strategy for that water level range. If the water level exceeds the upper limit again during this period, and... If the value remains above the upper limit, an over-limit adjustment will be triggered.

[0060] Scenario 2: If the above judgment triggers an over-limit, and the water level is in the upper limit zone, that is, the water level exceeds the upper limit, and in... If the water level remains above the upper limit, the water level regulation mechanism will be triggered to adjust the water level beyond the upper limit. The principle of this adjustment is to ensure that the water level is adjusted according to the overall water level. Next adjustment step size (corresponding to) (Water level change rate) lowers the water level. The process of exceeding the upper limit for regulation includes: adjusting according to the load to be regulated. Perform over-limit adjustment, that is: according to The unit load is increased in increments of 1 step, with each step being 1 step. .

[0061] The range regulation that exceeds the upper limit mainly relies on the real-time rate of water level change. The main sources are: 1. After completing all load adjustments, in After a certain period of time, the water level remains within the range of [upper limit, upper upper limit], calculate... Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .

[0062] 2. For water levels falling into this range from other ranges without exceeding the limit, the adjustment method is as follows: calculate the real-time water level change rate based on the time interval used to calculate the water level change rate of the previous range. .

[0063] according to Values ​​are used to adjust load using different strategies: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates rounding down, with no load reduction operation performed in the upper limit range; This represents the function that takes the maximum value.

[0064] According to the load to be adjusted Perform range adjustment, that is: according to The unit load is increased in increments of 1 step, with each step being 1 step. .

[0065] After all load adjustments are completed, If the water level is outside the [upper limit, upper upper limit] range within the specified time (without triggering over-limit adjustment), the timer will restart and the calculation will be repeated. Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .according to The value, and the current water level range, will be used to adjust the load according to the adjustment strategy for that water level range. If the water level exceeds the upper limit again during this period, and... If the limit is still exceeded, an over-limit adjustment will be triggered.

[0066] Scenario 3: When the water level is in a stable zone, only interval regulation is implemented. The stable zone includes: the dead zone at the optimal water level, the stable zone above the optimal water level, and the stable zone below the optimal water level.

[0067] When the water level is in the stable zone above the optimal water level, that is, when the water level is at (optimal water level + The upper limit water level), and the interval adjustment of the upper stable zone, the adjustment principle is: to make the water level adjust in approximately 0-1 steps (corresponding to the overall adjustment step size of approximately 0-1 times). (Rate of water level change) lowers the water level.

[0068] Interval regulation where the water level is in the stable zone above the optimal water level mainly relies on the real-time rate of water level change. The main sources are: 1. After completing all load adjustments, in After a certain period of time, the water level is still at (optimal water level + Calculate the water level range (upper limit). Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .

[0069] 2. For water levels falling into this range from other ranges without exceeding the limit, the adjustment method is as follows: calculate the real-time water level change rate based on the time interval used to calculate the water level change rate of the previous range. .

[0070] according to Value, adjust the load: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates the real-time rate of change of water level; This indicates the rate of change of the reference water level corresponding to the stable zone; This indicates rounding up, for example =5, =-3, positive numbers indicate increased load, negative numbers indicate decreased load.

[0071] According to the load to be adjusted Perform range adjustment, that is: according to The unit load is increased in increments of 1 step, with each step being 1 step. .

[0072] After all load adjustments are completed, After a certain period of time, if the water level is outside the upper range of the stable zone (without triggering over-limit regulation), calculate... Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .according to The value, and the water level range in which the current water level is located, are used to adjust the load according to the water level range regulation strategy.

[0073] When the water level is within the optimal water level dead zone, that is, when the water level is between (optimal water level - Optimal water level + Within the water level range, the optimal water level dead zone is adjusted. The adjustment principle is to ensure that the water level can be adjusted approximately 0-1 times in steps (corresponding to less than...). (Rate of water level change) fluctuations.

[0074] When the water level is in the optimal water level dead zone, it is assumed to be the optimal water level. At this time, as long as the rate of water level change is within the allowable range, no adjustment will be made, which can also avoid frequent adjustments near the water level line.

[0075] Interval regulation where the water level is within the optimal water level dead zone mainly relies on the real-time rate of water level change. The main sources are: 1. After completing all load adjustments, in After a period of time, the water level is still at (optimal water level - Optimal water level + ) water level range, calculate Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .

[0076] 2. For water levels falling into this range from other ranges without exceeding the limit, the adjustment method is as follows: calculate the real-time water level change rate based on the time interval used to calculate the water level change rate of the previous range. .

[0077] according to Value, adjust the load: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates the real-time rate of change of water level; This indicates the rate of change of the reference water level corresponding to the stable zone; This indicates rounding down, for example =4. Where: if , and perform load increase adjustment. If Load reduction adjustment is carried out.

[0078] When the water level is in the stable zone below the optimal water level, that is, when the water level is between the lower limit and the optimal water level - Within the water level range, interval regulation is carried out in the stable zone under the optimal water level. The regulation principle is: to enable the water level to be regulated approximately 0-1 times in steps. (Rate of water level change) raises the water level.

[0079] Interval regulation where the water level is in the stable zone below the optimal water level mainly relies on the real-time rate of water level change. The main sources are: 1. After completing all load adjustments, in After a certain period of time, the water level remains at (lower limit, optimal water level - ) water level range, calculate Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .

[0080] 2. For water levels falling into this range from other ranges without exceeding the limit, the adjustment method is as follows: calculate the real-time water level change rate based on the time interval used to calculate the water level change rate of the previous range. .

[0081] according to Value, adjust the load: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates the real-time rate of change of water level; This indicates the rate of change of the reference water level corresponding to the stable zone; This indicates rounding down, for example =4, =-4. Where: if , and perform load increase adjustment. If Load reduction adjustment is carried out.

[0082] According to the load to be adjusted Perform range adjustment, that is: according to The unit load is increased or decreased in increments, with each increment being [number]. .

[0083] After all load adjustments are completed, After a certain period of time, if the water level is outside the upper range of the stable zone (without triggering over-limit regulation), calculate... Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .according to The value, and the water level range in which the current water level is located, are used to adjust the load according to the water level range regulation strategy.

[0084] Scenario 4: If the above judgment triggers an out-of-limit event, and the water level is in the lower limit zone, i.e., the water level falls below the lower limit level, and in... If the water level remains below the lower limit, the water level regulation mechanism will be triggered, and regulation exceeding the lower limit will be implemented. The principle of regulation exceeding the lower limit is to ensure that the water level is maintained according to the overall... Next adjustment step size (corresponding to) The rate of water level change raises the water level. The process of implementing regulation exceeding the lower limit includes: according to the load to be regulated... Perform over-limit adjustment, that is: according to The active power of the generator unit is reduced in each step, with each step being [number missing]. .

[0085] Interval regulation exceeding the lower and upper limits mainly relies on the real-time rate of water level change. The main sources are: 1. After completing all load adjustments, in After a certain period of time, if the water level remains within the range of (lower limit, lower limit), calculate... Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .

[0086] 2. For water levels falling into this range from other ranges without exceeding the limit, the adjustment method is as follows: calculate the real-time water level change rate based on the time interval used to calculate the water level change rate of the previous range. .

[0087] according to Values ​​are used to adjust load using different strategies: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates that the load will not be increased in the lower limit range; This represents the function that takes the minimum value.

[0088] According to the load to be adjusted Perform range adjustment, that is: according to The unit load is reduced in each step, with each step being [number]. .

[0089] After all load adjustments are completed, If the water level is outside the range of (lower limit, lower limit) within the specified time (without triggering over-limit adjustment), the timer will restart and the calculation will be repeated. Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .according to The value, and the current water level range, will be used to adjust the load according to the adjustment strategy for that water level range. If the water level exceeds the lower limit again during this period, and... If the value remains below the lower limit, then an over-limit adjustment will be triggered.

[0090] Scenario 5: If the above judgment triggers an over-limit, and the water level is in the lower-lower limit zone, that is, the water level exceeds the lower-lower limit, and in... If the water level remains below the lower limit, the water level regulation mechanism will be triggered, and regulation exceeding the lower limit will be implemented. The principle of regulation exceeding the lower limit is to ensure that the water level is maintained according to the overall... Next adjustment step size (corresponding to) The rate of water level change raises the water level. The process of implementing over-limit regulation includes: according to the load to be regulated... Perform over-limit adjustment, that is: according to The active power of the generator unit is reduced in each step, with each step being [number missing]. .

[0091] After all load adjustments are completed, if the water level does not return to the stable zone, the water level in the forebay of the hydropower station is re-collected to determine if an over-limit is triggered. If an over-limit is triggered, and the water level continues to fall below the lower limit, over-limit adjustments are continued. If the water level does not return to the stable zone but no over-limit is triggered, interval adjustments are performed. The specific implementation process includes: If, after a certain period of time, the water level remains above the lower limit, calculate... Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .according to Values ​​are used to adjust load using different strategies: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates that the load will not be increased in the lower limit range; This represents the function that takes the minimum value.

[0092] According to the load to be adjusted Perform range adjustment, that is: according to The unit load is reduced in each step, with each step being [number]. After all load adjustments are completed, If the water level falls above the lower limit within the specified time, the timer will restart and the calculation will begin again. Real-time water level change rate over a period of time .according to The value, and the current water level range, will be used to adjust the load according to the adjustment strategy for that water level range. If the water level exceeds the lower limit again during this period, and... If the price remains below the lower limit, then an over-limit adjustment will be triggered.

[0093] Step S300: Based on the load and weight mapping model of each unit, with the goal of minimizing the total weight of the operating units, the load to be adjusted is distributed and start-stop controlled among the operating units.

[0094] After determining the load to be regulated based on the water level, the unit load allocation and unit start-up and shutdown control are carried out based on the load and weight mapping model of each unit, with the goal of minimizing the total weight of the operating units.

[0095] In a specific example, the load and weight mapping model is constructed by: obtaining the unit's output-efficiency curve, discretizing the unit's load range into multiple discrete load ranges, and assigning weight values ​​to each discrete load range, wherein the weight value corresponding to the high-efficiency load range is lower than the weight value corresponding to the low-efficiency load range.

[0096] In a specific example, with the goal of minimizing the total weight of operating units, the load to be regulated is allocated among the operating units. This includes: dividing the load to be regulated into several single-adjustment steps with preset power values; allocating single-adjustment steps sequentially, provided that not all operating units have reached their maximum output; when performing load increase allocation, calculating the weight increment of each operating unit after adding one single-adjustment step, and allocating the current single-adjustment step to the unit with the smallest weight increment; if multiple units have the same weight increment, allocating to the unit with the highest preset priority; when performing load decrease allocation, calculating the weight decrease of each operating unit after reducing one single-adjustment step, and allocating the current single-adjustment step to the unit with the largest weight decrease; if multiple units have the same weight decrease, prioritizing allocation to the unit with the lowest preset priority; if all operating units have reached their maximum or minimum output, discarding the remaining unallocated load to be regulated.

[0097] In a specific example, start-stop control includes: when the load to be adjusted is an increase in load, and the total load to be increased is greater than the sum of the remaining capacity of all currently operating units from their respective output limits and the minimum stable operating load of the first unit to be started, the standby units are started sequentially in descending order of their preset priorities; when the load to be adjusted is a decrease in load, and the absolute value of the total load to be decreased is greater than the sum of the current load of the lowest priority operating unit and the preset shutdown power margin, the operating units are stopped sequentially in ascending order of their preset priorities; wherein, the preset priority limits the units with higher priorities to start earlier and stop later.

[0098] Specifically, the above-mentioned load and weight mapping model based on each unit, with the objective of minimizing the total weight of operating units, includes the following specific implementation process for load distribution and start-stop control of the load to be regulated among the operating units: First, set the step size coefficient k and the correction coefficient σ to be adjusted: In the formula: σ∈[0,1], it is used to determine the allowable additional load increase or decrease within different water level ranges when making start-up and shutdown decisions, which is (1-σ).

[0099] Secondly, set the unit parameters, including the upper and lower limits of unit output, unit priority, and unit output range weight: 1. Set upper and lower limits for unit output. The unit's output limits include: upper limit, upper upper limit, lower limit, and lower lower limit. The upper limit is generally set to 100% output; the upper upper limit is 110% output (if set to other values, ensure that (upper upper limit output - upper upper limit output) is greater than...). ,in This represents the maximum absolute value of the step size coefficient k to be adjusted. The lower limit can be set according to the actual situation.

[0100] (1) Set an adjustment warning zone, generally selecting a range that belongs to the [output upper limit]. (Output limit), when the unit output is in the increase adjustment warning zone, the unit is only allowed to adjust according to the limit each time. Perform load increase adjustment.

[0101] (2) When the unit output is at [output limit, output upper limit), the unit will no longer be increased in load.

[0102] (3) When the unit output exceeds the upper limit, an over-limit adjustment is triggered to... Perform load reduction adjustment and allocate this load to other units that can perform load increase adjustment.

[0103] (4) Set the unit load reduction warning zone. Generally, the selected range is [output lower limit + k*S, output lower limit + 3k*S). When the unit output is in the load reduction warning zone and no shutdown operation is performed, the unit can only be adjusted by pressing the button each time. Implement load reduction adjustment.

[0104] (5) When the unit output exceeds the lower limit and no shutdown operation is performed, an over-limit adjustment is triggered to... Perform load reduction adjustment and distribute this load to other units that can perform load reduction adjustment.

[0105] 2. Set unit priority Based on the unit conditions and on-site operating experience, the units are prioritized from 1 to M (a total of M units), with 1 being the highest and M the lowest. During load allocation, the following principles apply: highest priority units start up earliest and are given priority to operate at the highest efficiency or highest output load in the load allocation combination. Lowest priority units shut down earliest and are given priority to operate at the lowest efficiency or lowest output load in the load allocation combination.

[0106] 3. Set the weight of the unit output range Obtain the unit efficiency-output curve, i.e., the η-N curve, where η represents efficiency and N represents output. If this curve is not available on-site, obtain the on-site unit type and select its approximate efficiency-output curve according to the unit type. By default, the unit is considered to be in an off-limits operating range below 20% of rated power, and only the load range above 20% of the rated power is considered. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the efficiency-output curve of a certain unit is shown.

[0107] Combining the formula: In the formula: D1 is the turbine runner diameter, H is the head, and Q11 is the power generation flow rate.

[0108] In high-head power stations, D1 and H can be considered constants, and 9.81D1 can be used as a constant. 2 H 1.5 Expressed as a constant b0, the above formula can be simplified to: The curve is converted to b0Q~N. To facilitate optimization calculations, the same b0Q value is used for the 5% unit load range. Then, the 0-20% and greater than 110% unit load ranges are added as avoidance zones. The curve is then plotted. . Figure 4 It shows A schematic diagram.

[0109] Taking mixed-flow as an example, it can be represented by intervals as follows: This curve can be further combined with the unit's vibration zone, that is, within the vibration zone, the weight is set separately. For example, if 0.4-0.45N is the vibration zone, then the weight is set to W=10, which belongs to (0.4, 0.45). Generally, the default weight of 10 is to avoid the operating zone.

[0110] When optimizing the load allocation of multiple generating units, the load allocation is performed according to the principle of minimizing the weight of multiple generating units (in principle, this corresponds to the minimum water consumption). In the formula: Indicates that the current running number is... The weight of the unit; This represents a function that takes the minimum value. This indicates the total number of generating units currently in operation.

[0111] Units 1 through j are arranged in descending order of priority (the same applies below), and the following constraints must be met: In the formula: Indicates the first The current load on the unit; This indicates the total number of generating units currently in operation. This represents the current total load. This represents the rated power of the i-th unit.

[0112] When rapidly adjusting the water level outside the stable zone, or when making fine-tuning adjustments, the step size to be allocated is the single adjustment step size. Prioritize allocation to units with the smallest weight increase, and decrease the step size for each allocation (i.e., the single adjustment step size). Priority is given to assigning load to the unit with the largest reduction in weight. Where the load to be assigned equals the number of adjustments to be made. Multiply by step size .

[0113] Finally, configure the unit start-up and shutdown settings, including automatic start-up and automatic shutdown settings: 1. Automatic start-up settings for the unit Automatic start-up will be performed when the total load to be increased by the unit satisfies the following inequality: In the formula: M is the total number of generating units. Let i be the load currently carried by the i-th generating unit; The rated power (load) of the i-th unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; For the load to be adjusted; For: the additional regulating load caused by the drop or rise in water level; coefficient For: In order to ensure that the last unit waiting to be started can reach the required starting load, the load factor of each other unit is reduced (e.g., let...). Then the i-th unit is allowed to descend to... (j represents the total number of units currently running, ranked from highest to lowest priority; x represents the number of units waiting to be started, ranked from highest to lowest priority).

[0114] Inequality ② requires that the last unit to be started must have an initial load greater than 20% of its rated power.

[0115] If inequalities ① and ② are satisfied simultaneously, the number of machines to be powered on is x, ordered from highest to lowest priority. If only inequality ① is satisfied, the number of machines to be powered on is x-1.

[0116] 2. Automatic shutdown settings for the unit Automatic shutdown will be performed when the total load to be reduced by the unit satisfies the following inequality: In the formula: For the first Rated power of the unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; coefficient This refers to the margin reserved for the increased load on operating units after a unit has been shut down, to avoid frequent start-ups and shutdowns at critical points. The capacity of the last unit scheduled for shutdown is used as a reference. (For example...) Then the first After the shutdown of the first unit, the remaining operating units can still increase their load. j represents the total number of units currently in operation, ranked from highest to lowest priority; y represents the number of units waiting to be shut down, ranked from lowest to highest priority (other parameters are the same as for automatic startup).

[0117] If inequality ① is satisfied, the number of units to be shut down is y, ordered from low to high priority. If inequalities ① and ② are satisfied simultaneously, the number of units to be shut down is y+1. If inequality ③ is satisfied, all units are shut down.

[0118] Compared with existing technologies, this invention, taking into account the actual conditions of medium-to-high head forebay diversion-type small and medium-sized hydropower stations, uses water level and the rate of water level change as the basis for load regulation judgment, ensuring that the power station can maintain the water level in the stable range for a long time through automatic regulation. Furthermore, by referring to the unit output-efficiency curve, the load of the units is optimized and the start-up and shutdown operations of the units are rationally arranged to avoid frequent adjustments and frequent start-ups and shutdowns. Thus, while ensuring operational safety, the overall power generation efficiency is improved.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides an automatic optimization power generation control system for small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level. The system includes: a memory, a processor, and computer program code stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program code, the system can execute any of the aforementioned automatic optimization power generation control methods for small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level.

[0120] In this embodiment of the invention, the system can be divided into functional modules according to the above method example. For example, each module can correspond to a separate functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware. It should be noted that the module division in this embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0121] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for automatically optimizing power generation control based on water level in small and medium-sized hydropower stations, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The water level in the forebay of the hydropower station is collected in real time. The collected water level is compared with the preset water levels at various levels to determine the current water level range and whether an over-limit is triggered. If an over-limit is triggered, over-limit regulation will be performed based on the current water level range and the load to be regulated will be determined. If it is determined that no limit has been triggered and the water level has not returned to the stable zone, when the time spent in the current water level range reaches the water level change rate judgment time corresponding to the current water level range, the real-time water level change rate within the water level change rate judgment time is calculated, and combined with the water level range in which the current water level is located, the range regulation is performed and the load to be regulated is determined; the regulation priority of the limit-breaking regulation is higher than the regulation priority of the range regulation. Based on the load and weight mapping model of each unit, with the goal of minimizing the total weight of the operating units, the load to be adjusted is distributed and controlled for start-up and shutdown among the operating units.

2. The method for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water levels at each level, in descending order, include at least the upper limit water level, the upper limit water level, the optimal water level, the lower limit water level, and the lower-lower limit water level; the collected water levels are compared with the preset water levels at each level to determine whether an exceedance has been triggered, including: When the collected water level exceeds the upper limit water level or the upper limit water level, or the water level exceeds the lower limit water level or the lower limit water level, and continues for the corresponding limit-breaking judgment time of the marker water level, it is determined that a limit-breaking has been triggered.

3. The method for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water level range includes at least: an upper limit zone, an upper limit zone, a stable zone, a lower limit zone, and a lower lower limit zone; the step of performing over-limit regulation and determining the load to be regulated is as follows: If the current water level is in the upper limit zone or the upper limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level, then based on the single adjustment step size, the water level rise and fall rate coefficient and the zone adjustment coefficient corresponding to the current water level zone, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load increase adjustment is executed. If the current water level is in the lower-lower limit zone or the lower limit zone corresponding to the lower limit water level, then based on the single adjustment step size, the water level rise and fall rate coefficient and the zone adjustment coefficient corresponding to the current water level zone, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load reduction adjustment is performed.

4. The method for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The interval adjustment includes: If the current water level is in the upper limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level or the upper limit zone corresponding to the upper limit water level, then based on the real-time water level change rate, the reference water level change rate, the rise and fall rate coefficient and the zone adjustment coefficient corresponding to the current water level zone, the number of times to be adjusted is calculated, and combined with the single adjustment step size, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load increase adjustment is executed. If the current water level is in the lower limit zone of the lower limit water level or the lower limit zone of the lower limit water level, then based on the real-time water level change rate, the reference water level change rate, the rise and fall rate coefficient and the zone adjustment coefficient corresponding to the water level zone where the current water level is located, the number of times to be adjusted is calculated, and combined with the single adjustment step size, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load reduction adjustment is executed. If the current water level is in a stable zone, the number of times to be adjusted is calculated based on the real-time water level change rate and the reference water level change rate corresponding to the current water level range. Combined with the single adjustment step size, the load to be adjusted is determined and the load increase / decrease adjustment is performed. The stable zone includes at least: the optimal water level dead zone, the stable zone above the optimal water level, and the stable zone below the optimal water level.

5. The method for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level as described in claim 4, characterized in that, If the current water level falls within the upper limit zone of the upper limit water level or the upper limit zone of the upper limit water level, the calculation formula for the number of adjustments to be made is as follows: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates the real-time rate of change of water level; Indicates the rate of change of the upper limit zone or the reference water level corresponding to the upper limit zone; Indicates the coefficient of water level rise and fall rate; This indicates the upper limit zone or the interval adjustment coefficient corresponding to the upper limit zone; Indicates rounding down; This represents the function that takes the maximum value.

6. The method for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level according to claim 4, characterized in that, If the current water level falls within the lower limit zone of the lower limit water level or the lower limit zone of the lower limit water level, the calculation formula for the number of adjustments to be made is as follows: In the formula: Indicates the number of times adjustments are needed; This indicates the real-time rate of change of water level; Indicates the rate of change of the reference water level in the lower limit zone or the zone corresponding to the lower limit. Indicates the coefficient of water level rise and fall rate; This indicates the lower limit zone or the interval adjustment coefficient corresponding to the lower limit zone; Indicates rounding down; This represents the function that takes the minimum value.

7. The method for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The load and weight mapping model is constructed in the following ways: The unit's output-efficiency curve is obtained, and the unit's load range is discretized into multiple discrete load ranges. Weight values ​​are assigned to each discrete load interval, with the weight value corresponding to the high-efficiency load interval being lower than that corresponding to the low-efficiency load interval.

8. The method for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The method of allocating the load to be adjusted among the operating units with the goal of minimizing the total weight of the operating units includes: The load to be adjusted is divided into several single adjustment steps with preset power values; When not all operating units have reached their maximum output value, the single adjustment step size is allocated sequentially. When performing load increase allocation, the weight value increment of each operating unit after increasing by one of the aforementioned single adjustment steps is calculated, and the current single adjustment step is allocated to the unit with the smallest weight value increment; if multiple units have the same weight value increment, it is allocated to the unit with the highest preset priority; when performing load decrease allocation, the weight value reduction of each operating unit after decreasing by one of the aforementioned single adjustment steps is calculated, and the current single adjustment step is allocated to the unit with the largest weight value reduction; if multiple units have the same weight value reduction, it is allocated to the unit with the lowest preset priority; if all operating units reach their upper or lower output limits, the remaining unallocated load to be adjusted is discarded.

9. The method for automatic optimized power generation control of small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The start / stop control includes: When the load to be adjusted is an increased load and the following start-up conditions are met, the standby units will be started in descending order of their preset priority. When the load to be adjusted is a load reduction and the following shutdown conditions are met, the operating units will be shut down sequentially in order of preset priority from low to high; wherein, the preset priority limits the units with higher priority to start up earlier and shut down later; The power-on conditions are: The shutdown conditions are: In the formula: M is the total number of generating units; Let i be the load currently carried by the i-th generating unit; The rated power of the i-th unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; For the first Rated power of the unit; and All are loads to be adjusted; For: the additional regulating load caused by the drop or rise in water level; coefficient For: the load factor that each of the other generating units is reduced to ensure that the last generating unit waiting to be started can reach the required starting load; factor Here: When a unit is shut down, the margin for increasing the load on the operating units is reserved to avoid frequent start-up and shutdown of the units at critical positions; j is the total number of operating units in order of priority from high to low; x is the number of units waiting to be started in order of priority from high to low.

10. A power generation optimization control system for small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level, characterized in that, The system includes a memory, a processor, and executable computer program code stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program code, it performs an automatic optimized power generation control method for small and medium-sized hydropower stations based on water level, as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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