Intelligent time-division control system and method based on vibration power generation and MEMS sensing

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of intelligent time-division control system and method of vibration power generation and MEMS sensing, belong to energy self-supply and precision monitoring technical field, this system includes: vibration power generation module, sensing module, controlled switch circuit, energy storage unit, signal conditioning circuit and MCU.MCU according to preset timing logic, controlled switch circuit is switched between first state and second state by control;Wherein, in first state, controlled switch circuit is closed, and vibration power generation module charges energy storage unit;In second state, controlled switch circuit is disconnected, and vibration power generation module and energy storage unit are electrically isolated, and sensing module acquires environmental characteristic data.The application effectively solves the problem of electromagnetic interference of power generation module on precision sensor in self-powered equipment, significantly improves monitoring accuracy, data integrity and system energy efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy self-sufficiency and precision monitoring technology, specifically relating to an intelligent time-division control system and method for vibration power generation and MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Vibration energy harvesting technology has received widespread attention in recent years because it can convert mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy and provide self-powering solutions for low-power devices such as wireless sensors.

[0003] Currently, self-powered devices that integrate vibration power generation modules with sensing and monitoring functions already exist. However, the above methods still have the following problems: First, the magnetic field generated by the power generation module and its transient interference from switching are difficult to completely eliminate within the sampling window, affecting the data quality of high-precision sensors; second, energy management and data acquisition use fixed thresholds, making it impossible to dynamically adjust the acquisition strategy according to the intensity of vibration, resulting in insufficient data acquisition during strong vibrations and poor endurance during weak vibrations; third, the switching method is crude and lacks coordinated control of the current phase, further aggravating electromagnetic interference. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides an intelligent time-division control system and method for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing. The technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent time-division control system for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing, comprising: Vibration power generation module, used to capture external mechanical vibration energy and convert it into electrical energy; The sensing module includes at least one microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor; A controlled switch circuit is connected to the output terminal of the vibration power generation module and is used to control the on / off state of the electrical circuit in which the vibration power generation module is located. An energy storage unit, connected to the output terminal of the controlled switching circuit, is used to store the electrical energy generated by the vibration power generation module and supply power to the system. The signal conditioning circuit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the vibration power generation module, and is used to collect the induced electrical signal of the vibration power generation module in the first state or the second state and perform signal conditioning. The microcontroller unit (MCU) is connected to the output of the signal conditioning circuit, the sensing module, and the control terminal of the controlled switch circuit, respectively. It controls the controlled switch circuit to switch between a first state and a second state according to a preset timing logic. In the first state, the controlled switch circuit is closed, and the vibration power generation module charges the energy storage unit. In the second state, the controlled switch circuit is open, the vibration power generation module is electrically isolated from the energy storage unit, and the sensing module collects environmental characteristic data.

[0005] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preset timing logic includes cyclically alternating energy harvesting windows. and high-precision sensing window ; The energy harvesting window Within the system, the controlled switching circuit is in the first state, and the system is in energy harvesting mode; within the high-precision sensing window... Inside, the controlled switch circuit is in the second state, and the system is in high-precision sensing mode.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, the MCU is further configured to dynamically adjust the energy harvesting window based on the voltage of the energy storage unit and the vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal. With the high-precision sensing window The switching conditions are adjusted to adjust the energy harvesting window. With the high-precision sensing window The time percentage within the working cycle; wherein, the vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal include frequency and amplitude, and the working cycle includes one energy harvesting window. and the aforementioned high-precision sensing window .

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the voltage of the energy storage unit is lower than the threshold value... Furthermore, when the vibration power generation capacity index of the induced electrical signal is lower than the preset weak vibration threshold, the energy acquisition window is increased. The percentage of time spent in the work cycle; When the preset fixed sampling period is reached and the voltage of the energy storage unit is equal to or greater than the threshold, Alternatively, the vibration power generation capacity index of the induced electrical signal is greater than a preset strong vibration threshold and the voltage of the energy storage unit is equal to or greater than the entry threshold. At the same time, increase the high-precision sensing window. The time percentage in the working cycle; wherein the vibration power generation capacity index is determined by the vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the system further includes a rectification and voltage regulation circuit, the input of which is connected to the output of the controlled switching circuit and the output of which is connected to the energy storage unit; the rectification and voltage regulation circuit is used to rectify and regulate the electrical energy output by the vibration power generation module to charge the energy storage unit.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent time-division control method for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing, characterized in that the MCU applied to the system described in the first aspect comprises: In each working cycle, the controlled switch circuit is closed to bring the system into the energy harvesting window. The vibration power generation module charges the energy storage unit, and the system is in energy harvesting mode; the induced electrical signal of the vibration power generation module is acquired through the signal conditioning circuit, and the voltage of the energy storage unit is obtained in real time. ; Obtain the high-precision sensing window from the previous work cycle The vibration characteristics of the internal induced electrical signal are analyzed, and the vibration power generation capacity index is calculated based on these vibration characteristics. Therefore, based on the vibration power generation capacity index Determine the dynamic stopping threshold ; When the condition is met to enter the high-precision sensing window When the trigger condition is met, the system detects periodic characteristic points of the induced current inside the vibration power generation module based on the induced electrical signal, and controls the controlled switch circuit to disconnect at the time corresponding to the periodic characteristic point, so that the system enters the high-precision sensing window. After the controlled switch circuit is disconnected, the delay time is determined based on the decay characteristics of the residual current in the coil of the vibration power generation module. and during the said delay duration After completion, the sensing module is triggered to collect environmental feature data in high-precision sensing mode until the voltage of the energy storage unit is reached. Drop to the dynamic stopping threshold The controlled switch circuit is closed again, the current working cycle ends and the next working cycle begins.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the triggering condition includes: reaching a preset sampling period, and the voltage of the energy storage unit... Equal to or greater than the entry threshold ;or, The vibration power generation capacity index of the induced electrical signal The voltage of the energy storage unit is greater than the preset strong vibration threshold. Equal to or greater than the entry threshold .

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic stopping threshold is determined according to the following steps. : According to the frequency of the induced electrical signal and amplitude The vibration power generation capacity index is calculated using a pre-set power assessment model. : ; In the formula, The calibration coefficient, the exponent ; According to the vibration power generation capacity index Dynamically adjust the dynamic stop threshold : ; In the formula, Indicates the reference stop voltage threshold. This indicates the maximum allowable downward adjustment. This indicates a regulatory factor.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the periodic feature point is the zero-crossing point of the induced current inside the vibration power generation module; The MCU determines the periodic feature points by monitoring the zero-crossing points of the induced electrical signal; or, the MCU determines the periodic feature points by calculating the first derivative of the induced electrical signal and determining the peak point of the induced electrical signal based on the sign change of the first derivative.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the controlled switch circuit is turned off, the delay duration is determined according to the following formula. : ; In the formula, This represents the equivalent electromagnetic decay time constant of the coil in the vibration power generation module. This represents the scaling factor related to the coil geometry. This represents the instantaneous value of the coil induced current at the moment the controlled switch circuit is turned off. This represents the equivalent magnetic interference tolerance threshold of the sensing module.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention divides the working cycle of the system into an energy acquisition window and a high-precision sensing window through intelligent time-division control, realizing physical isolation between power generation and sensing in the time dimension, fundamentally eliminating the near-field electromagnetic interference of the vibration power generation module to the high-precision sensor, and obtaining clean environmental characteristic data without additional physical shielding measures.

[0015] (2) The present invention disconnects the controlled switch circuit at the time corresponding to the periodic feature point, minimizes the additional electromagnetic transients generated by the switching action, and then waits for an adaptive delay to ensure that the residual magnetic field of the coil is fully attenuated before starting sampling, so that the background noise of the sensor can be restored to the sensor background level.

[0016] (3) By introducing the vibration power generation capacity index ζ, adaptive adjustment of system operating parameters is achieved: under strong vibration conditions, the system automatically lowers the stop threshold to extend the high-precision sensing window, enabling the acquisition of richer operating condition characteristic data; under weak vibration conditions, the system raises the stop threshold to ensure endurance. This strategy more than doubles the data acquisition density under strong vibration and extends the system endurance time under weak vibration by approximately 30%. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an intelligent time-division control system for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is another structural block diagram of the intelligent time-division control system for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an intelligent time-division control method for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a time-series comparison diagram of the intelligent time-division control system for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing under different vibration conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0019] Figure 1 This is an architectural block diagram of an intelligent time-division control system for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an intelligent time-division control system for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing. This system can be integrated into a sealed housing with an IP67 protection rating and installed at the boom articulation point of a wheel loader (model XG955H). It is used to monitor the machine's operating status and geographical location in real time and report data via a wireless network. Specifically, the system includes: The vibration power generation module 101 is used to capture external mechanical vibration energy and convert it into electrical energy. This external mechanical vibration energy can originate from the mechanical vibrations generated by engineering vehicles (such as loaders and excavators) during operation or travel, due to engine operation, road surface excitation, and the movement of the working device. The vibration power generation module 101 can employ an electromagnetic vibration generator, internally composed of a neodymium iron boron N52 grade toroidal magnet (outer diameter 25mm, inner diameter 10mm, thickness 8mm) and two symmetrically wound coils (each coil with 800 turns and a wire diameter of 0.1mm). The magnet is softly connected to the outer casing via a spring, and its natural frequency is designed to be 28Hz to match the common operating vibration frequency band of loaders.

[0020] The sensing module 102 includes at least one MEMS sensor. The MEMS sensor uses an ADXL362 triaxial digital accelerometer, which has ultra-low power consumption, a range of ±4g, and a resolution of 1mg / LSB. It communicates with the MCU 106 via an SPI interface.

[0021] The controlled switch circuit 103 is connected to the output terminal of the vibration power generation module 101 and is used to control the on / off state of the electrical circuit containing the vibration power generation module 101. The controlled switch circuit 103 uses a low on-resistance MOSFET switch or analog switch, and the control terminal of the MOSFET switch or analog switch is connected to the GPIO port of the MCU 106. Optionally, an N-channel MOSFET (model SI2312) is used, and its gate is connected to the GPIO pin PA1 of the MCU 106 through a 100Ω current-limiting resistor.

[0022] Energy storage unit 104, connected to the output of controlled switching circuit 103, is used to store the electrical energy generated by vibration power generation module 101 and power the system. Energy storage unit 104 adopts a hybrid energy storage structure of supercapacitor and rechargeable battery, including a double-layer supercapacitor (5.5V, 1.5F) and a backup battery (3.6V, 19000mAh). The supercapacitor and battery are connected in parallel through the internal path of the BQ25570 chip. The supercapacitor is used to quickly absorb the instantaneous pulse energy of vibration power generation and power high-current loads, while the battery serves as the main energy reservoir, providing long-term stable energy reserves. By adopting a hybrid energy storage structure of supercapacitor and rechargeable battery, and through controlled switching circuit 103 and a power management chip with MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function, efficient capture and storage of vibration energy can be achieved, which is beneficial to improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0023] The signal conditioning circuit 105 has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the vibration power generation module 101, and is used to collect the induced electrical signal of the vibration power generation module 101 in the first state or the second state and perform signal conditioning. The microcontroller unit MCU 106 is connected to the output of the signal conditioning circuit 105, the sensing module 102, and the control terminal of the controlled switch circuit 103, respectively. It controls the controlled switch circuit 103 to switch between a first state and a second state according to preset timing logic. The MCU 106 selectively uses an ultra-low-power microcontroller STM32L496V. In the first state, the controlled switch circuit 103 is closed, and the vibration power generation module 101 charges the energy storage unit 104. In the second state, the controlled switch circuit 103 is open, the vibration power generation module 101 is electrically isolated from the energy storage unit 104, and the sensing module 102 collects environmental characteristic data.

[0024] In one embodiment, the preset timing logic includes cyclically alternating energy harvesting windows. and high-precision sensing window ; In the energy harvesting window Inside, the controlled switch circuit 103 is in the first state, and the system is in energy harvesting mode; within the high-precision sensing window Inside, the controlled switch circuit 103 is in the second state, and the system is in high-precision sensing mode.

[0025] In addition, the MCU 106 is also used to dynamically adjust the energy harvesting window based on the voltage of the energy storage unit 104 and the vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal. With high-precision sensing window The switching conditions are then adjusted to change the energy harvesting window. With high-precision sensing window The vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal, including frequency and amplitude, are determined by the time percentage within the working cycle. For example, when the voltage of energy storage unit 104 falls below the threshold... Furthermore, when the vibration power generation capacity index of the induced electrical signal is lower than the preset weak vibration threshold, the energy acquisition window is increased. The percentage of time in the working cycle; when the preset fixed sampling period is reached and the voltage of the energy storage unit 104 is equal to or greater than the threshold. Alternatively, the vibration power generation capacity index of the induced electrical signal is greater than the preset strong vibration threshold and the voltage of the energy storage unit 104 is equal to or greater than the entry threshold. At the same time, increase the high-precision sensing window The percentage of time in the working cycle; among which, the vibration power generation capacity index can be determined by the vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal.

[0026] Figure 2 This is another structural block diagram of the intelligent time-division control system for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the system also includes a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit 107, whose input is connected to the output of the controlled switching circuit 103 and whose output is connected to the energy storage unit 104. The rectifier and voltage regulator circuit 107 is used to rectify and regulate the electrical energy output from the vibration power generation module 101 to charge the energy storage unit 104. The rectifier and voltage regulator circuit 107 consists of a full-bridge rectifier circuit composed of four Schottky diodes (model BAT54S), and the subsequent stage is connected to a power management chip (model BQ25570) dedicated to energy harvesting. This chip is responsible for boosting, maximum power point tracking, and regulating the irregular low-voltage DC power after rectification, and finally outputting a stable 3.3V system voltage.

[0027] Further reading is available upon request. Figure 2 The system also includes a communication module 108 connected to the MCU 106, used to upload environmental feature data extracted by the MCU 106 to a cloud server. In one embodiment, the communication module 108 uses an NB-IoT communication module 108BC26, which supports uploading the status and positioning data processed by the MCU 106 to the cloud server via an NB-IoT network. Exemplarily, the environmental feature data includes acceleration, tilt angle data, and environmental data such as temperature and humidity, which can be used to monitor the operating status, workload, abnormal vibration, and overturning risk of engineering vehicles or mechanical equipment in real time, and for fault diagnosis, life prediction, operation optimization, and remote operation and maintenance management.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an intelligent time-division control method for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides an intelligent time-division control method for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing, applied to the MCU 106 in the above system, including: S1. In each working cycle, the controlled switch circuit 103 is closed, causing the system to enter the energy harvesting window. The vibration power generation module 101 charges the energy storage unit 104, and the system is in energy harvesting mode; the induced electrical signal of the vibration power generation module 101 is acquired through the signal conditioning circuit 105, and the voltage of the energy storage unit 104 is obtained. .

[0029] S2. Obtain the high-precision sensing window from the previous work cycle. The vibration characteristics of the internal induced electrical signal are analyzed, and the vibration power generation capacity index is calculated based on these characteristics. Therefore, based on the vibration power generation capacity index Determine the dynamic stopping threshold .

[0030] S3, When the conditions for entering the high-precision sensing window are met. When the trigger condition is met, the system detects the periodic characteristic points of the induced current inside the vibration power generation module 101 based on the induced electrical signal, and controls the controlled switch circuit 103 to disconnect at the time corresponding to the periodic characteristic point, so that the system enters the high-precision sensing window. After the controlled switch circuit 103 is disconnected, the delay time is determined based on the decay characteristics of the residual current in the coil of the vibration power generation module 101. and in the delay duration After completion, the sensing module 102 is triggered to collect environmental feature data in high-precision sensing mode until the voltage of the energy storage unit 104 reaches its limit. Decrease to dynamic stopping threshold The controlled switch circuit 103 is closed again, the current working cycle ends and the next working cycle begins.

[0031] In one embodiment, entering the high-precision sensing window The triggering conditions include: reaching a preset sampling period (e.g., 60 seconds) and the voltage of the energy storage unit 104. Equal to or greater than the entry threshold (e.g., 3.5V); or, the vibration power generation capacity index of induced electrical signals. The voltage of the energy storage unit 104 is greater than the preset strong vibration threshold. Equal to or greater than the entry threshold (e.g., 3.5V).

[0032] The principle of an intelligent time-division control method for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing provided by the embodiments of the present invention will be explained below in conjunction with the above system.

[0033] First, system initialization is performed. After the device is powered on, the MCU 106 first performs initialization configuration: configuring the system clock to HSI 16MHz, setting all unused GPIOs to analog input mode to reduce power consumption, initializing the ADC channel for monitoring the voltage of the energy storage unit 104, initializing the SPI interface for driving the MEMS sensor, and initializing the UART interface for connecting to the communication module 108. Subsequently, the system loads preset operating parameters from the low-power flash memory, including but not limited to the entry threshold, reference stop voltage threshold, and maximum allowable downscaling.

[0034] At the beginning of each working cycle, the MCU 106 controls the controlled switch circuit 103 to close, causing the vibration power generation module 101 to charge the energy storage unit 104, and the system enters the energy harvesting window. It is in energy harvesting mode. Energy harvesting window. The reference duration is set to 4 seconds. The MCU 106 continuously monitors the induced electrical signal of the power generation waveform through the signal conditioning circuit 105, updating the vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal in real time. Simultaneously, the MCU 106 reads the voltage of the energy storage unit 104 in real time via the ADC. .

[0035] Next, MCU 106 retrieves the previous energy harvesting window. The vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal recorded internally, and based on the vibration characteristics such as the frequency of the induced electrical signal... and amplitude Calculate the vibration power generation capacity index : ; In the formula, The calibration coefficient, the exponent .

[0036] Furthermore, based on the vibration power generation capacity index Dynamically adjust dynamic stop threshold : ; In the formula, Indicates the reference stop voltage threshold. This indicates the maximum allowable downward adjustment. This indicates a regulatory factor.

[0037] The MCU 106 determines whether the preset trigger conditions are met to enter the high-precision sensing window. If the preset triggering conditions are not met, the energy harvesting mode is maintained. If the preset triggering conditions are met, the MCU 106 detects the periodic characteristic points of the induced current inside the vibration power generation module 101 based on the induced electrical signal, and controls the controlled switch circuit 103 to disconnect at the time corresponding to the periodic characteristic point, and the system enters the high-precision sensing window. It should be noted that the periodic characteristic point is the zero-crossing point of the induced current inside the vibration power generation module 101. The MCU 106 can determine the periodic characteristic point by monitoring the zero-crossing point of the induced electrical signal, or the MCU 106 can determine the periodic characteristic point by calculating the first derivative of the induced electrical signal and determining the peak point of the induced electrical signal based on the sign change of the first derivative. By cutting off the circuit at the moment of minimum current, the additional electromagnetic transients generated by the switching action can be minimized. After the controlled switching circuit 103 is disconnected, the residual current in the coil and the residual magnetic field generated by it... (That is, the attenuation component of the secondary magnetic field generated by the residual current and eddy currents in the coil) decays exponentially: , Indicates time, This represents the equivalent electromagnetic decay time constant of the coil in the vibration power generation module 101. To ensure that magnetic field interference during sampling is lower than the noise floor tolerance σ of the MEMS sensor, the following must be met: , This indicates the delay duration. From this, we can deduce... In practical systems, Instantaneous value of coil induced current at the moment when the controlled switch circuit 103 is turned off Proportional to the residual current in the coil of the vibration power generation module 101, the MCU 106 can determine the delay time based on the decay characteristics of the residual current. : ; In the formula, This represents the equivalent electromagnetic decay time constant of the coil in the vibration power generation module 101. This represents the scaling factor related to the coil geometry. This represents the instantaneous value of the coil induced current at the moment the switch in the controlled switching circuit 103 is opened. This represents the equivalent magnetic interference tolerance threshold of the sensing module 102. Typically... It changes dynamically within the range of 5ms to 20ms.

[0038] Delay duration After completion, the MCU 106 triggers the sensing module 102 to collect environmental feature data in high-precision sensing mode, such as continuously collecting triaxial acceleration data from multiple sampling points, while simultaneously monitoring the voltage of the energy storage unit 104. When the voltage of energy storage unit 104 Decrease to dynamic stopping threshold When the data acquisition is complete, the data acquisition stops. After the data acquisition is complete, the MCU 106 controls the controlled switch circuit 103 to close again, the system resumes charging, the current working cycle ends and the next working cycle begins. The MCU 106 extracts features from the acquired environmental feature data and uploads the extracted environmental feature data to the remote server through the communication module 108.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a time-series comparison diagram of an intelligent time-division control system integrating vibration power generation and MEMS sensing under different vibration conditions. For example... Figure 4 As shown, under normal / weak vibration conditions, the amplitude of the vibration signal is small, the vibration frequency is relatively stable, and the voltage of the energy storage unit 104 is low. With energy harvesting window The charging process inside rises slowly when the voltage of the energy storage unit 104... Reaching the entry threshold At 3.5V, the system enters the high-precision sensing window. The voltage of energy storage unit 104 during sampling It gradually decreases until it reaches the dynamic stopping threshold. At 3.2V, the system enters the energy harvesting window. This means returning to energy harvesting mode. Due to the low vibration intensity, the system maintains a constant reference stop voltage threshold, and the high-precision sensing window... For short-duration conditions, the system prioritizes extending battery life. Under strong vibration conditions, the vibration signal amplitude increases significantly, and the vibration frequency accelerates markedly. At this time, the voltage of energy storage unit 104... As the ascent speed increases, the system detects high vibration intensity and automatically sets the dynamic stop threshold. Lowering the voltage to 2.8V, compared to normal / weak vibration conditions, allows for a higher precision sensing window. The duration is extended by 1 to 2 times, thus enabling the acquisition of continuous vibration data over a longer time span. At the same time, due to the extremely fast energy recovery speed, there is no need to worry about the system's battery life.

[0040] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention divides the working cycle of the system into an energy acquisition window and a high-precision sensing window through intelligent time-division control, realizing physical isolation between power generation and sensing in the time dimension, fundamentally eliminating the near-field electromagnetic interference of the vibration power generation module to the high-precision sensor, and obtaining clean environmental characteristic data without additional physical shielding measures.

[0041] (2) The present invention disconnects the controlled switch circuit at the time corresponding to the periodic feature point, minimizes the additional electromagnetic transients generated by the switching action, and then waits for an adaptive delay to ensure that the residual magnetic field of the coil is fully attenuated before starting sampling, so that the background noise of the sensor can be restored to the sensor background level.

[0042] (3) By introducing the vibration power generation capacity index This system achieves adaptive adjustment of operating parameters: under strong vibration conditions, the system automatically lowers the stop threshold to extend the high-precision sensing window, enabling the acquisition of richer condition characteristic data; under weak vibration conditions, the system raises the stop threshold to ensure endurance. This strategy more than doubles the data acquisition density under strong vibration and extends the system's endurance by approximately 30% under weak vibration.

[0043] In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a vibration feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0044] The use of terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" indicates that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0045] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart time-division control method for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing, characterized in that, MCUs used in intelligent time-division control systems for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing include: In each working cycle, the controlled switch circuit is closed to bring the system into the energy harvesting window. The vibration power generation module charges the energy storage unit, and the system is in energy harvesting mode. The induced electrical signal from the vibration power generation module is acquired through a signal conditioning circuit, and the voltage of the energy storage unit is obtained in real time. ; Obtain the high-precision sensing window from the previous work cycle The vibration characteristics of the internal induced electrical signal are analyzed, and the vibration power generation capacity index is calculated based on these vibration characteristics. Therefore, based on the vibration power generation capacity index Determine the dynamic stopping threshold ; When the condition is met to enter the high-precision sensing window When the trigger condition is met, the system detects periodic characteristic points of the induced current inside the vibration power generation module based on the induced electrical signal, and controls the controlled switch circuit to disconnect at the time corresponding to the periodic characteristic point, so that the system enters the high-precision sensing window. After the controlled switch circuit is disconnected, the delay time is determined based on the decay characteristics of the residual current in the coil of the vibration power generation module. and during the said delay duration After completion, the sensing module is triggered to collect environmental feature data in high-precision sensing mode until the voltage of the energy storage unit is reached. Drop to the dynamic stopping threshold The controlled switch circuit is closed again, the current working cycle ends and the next working cycle begins.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triggering conditions include: reaching a preset sampling period, and the voltage of the energy storage unit. Equal to or greater than the entry threshold ;or, The vibration power generation capacity index of the induced electrical signal The voltage of the energy storage unit is greater than the preset strong vibration threshold. Equal to or greater than the entry threshold .

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determine the dynamic stop threshold using the following steps. : According to the frequency of the induced electrical signal and amplitude The vibration power generation capacity index is calculated using a pre-set power assessment model. : ； In the formula, The calibration coefficient, the exponent ; According to the vibration power generation capacity index Dynamically adjust the dynamic stop threshold : ； In the formula, Indicates the reference stop voltage threshold. This indicates the maximum allowable downward adjustment. This indicates a regulatory factor.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The periodic feature point is the zero-crossing point of the induced current inside the vibration power generation module. The MCU determines the periodic feature points by monitoring the zero-crossing points of the induced electrical signal; or, the MCU determines the periodic feature points by calculating the first derivative of the induced electrical signal and determining the peak point of the induced electrical signal based on the sign change of the first derivative.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the controlled switch circuit is disconnected, the delay time is determined according to the following formula. : ； In the formula, This represents the equivalent electromagnetic decay time constant of the coil in the vibration power generation module. This represents the scaling factor related to the coil geometry. This represents the instantaneous value of the coil induced current at the moment the controlled switch circuit is turned off. This represents the equivalent magnetic interference tolerance threshold of the sensing module.

6. A smart time-division control system for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing, characterized in that, For implementing the intelligent time-division control method for vibration power generation and MEMS sensing as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the system further includes: a vibration power generation module, a sensing module, a controlled switching circuit, an energy storage unit, and a signal conditioning circuit; wherein... Vibration power generation module, used to capture external mechanical vibration energy and convert it into electrical energy; The sensing module includes at least one microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor; A controlled switch circuit is connected to the output terminal of the vibration power generation module and is used to control the on / off state of the electrical circuit in which the vibration power generation module is located. An energy storage unit, connected to the output terminal of the controlled switching circuit, is used to store the electrical energy generated by the vibration power generation module and supply power to the system. The signal conditioning circuit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the vibration power generation module, and is used to collect the induced electrical signal of the vibration power generation module in the first state or the second state and perform signal conditioning. The microcontroller unit (MCU) is connected to the output of the signal conditioning circuit, the sensing module, and the control terminal of the controlled switch circuit, respectively. It controls the controlled switch circuit to switch between a first state and a second state according to a preset timing logic. In the first state, the controlled switch circuit is closed, and the vibration power generation module charges the energy storage unit. In the second state, the controlled switch circuit is open, the vibration power generation module is electrically isolated from the energy storage unit, and the sensing module collects environmental characteristic data.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preset timing logic includes an alternating energy harvesting window. and high-precision sensing window ; The energy harvesting window Within the system, the controlled switching circuit is in the first state, and the system is in energy harvesting mode; within the high-precision sensing window... Inside, the controlled switch circuit is in the second state, and the system is in high-precision sensing mode.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The MCU is also used to dynamically adjust the energy harvesting window based on the voltage of the energy storage unit and the vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal. With the high-precision sensing window The switching conditions are adjusted accordingly, thereby changing the energy harvesting window. With the high-precision sensing window The time percentage within the working cycle; wherein, the vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal include frequency and amplitude, and the working cycle includes one energy harvesting window. and the aforementioned high-precision sensing window .

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the voltage of the energy storage unit is lower than the threshold Furthermore, when the vibration power generation capacity index of the induced electrical signal is lower than the preset weak vibration threshold, the energy acquisition window is increased. The percentage of time spent in the work cycle; When the preset fixed sampling period is reached and the voltage of the energy storage unit is equal to or greater than the threshold, Alternatively, the vibration power generation capacity index of the induced electrical signal is greater than a preset strong vibration threshold and the voltage of the energy storage unit is equal to or greater than the entry threshold. At the same time, increase the high-precision sensing window. The time percentage in the working cycle; wherein the vibration power generation capacity index is determined by the vibration characteristics of the induced electrical signal.

10. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a rectification and voltage regulation circuit, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the controlled switch circuit and whose output terminal is connected to the energy storage unit; the rectification and voltage regulation circuit is used to rectify and regulate the electrical energy output by the vibration power generation module to charge the energy storage unit.

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