An electromagnetic induction power supply and energy storage system and control method

Abstract

This invention discloses an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system and its control method, relating to the field of electromagnetic induction energy harvesting technology. This invention optimizes the coil and core design of the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, employs parallel connection of multiple thin wires to reduce high-frequency eddy current losses, and optimizes the inner and outer layer turn distribution, setting the inner and outer layer turn ratio to 1:1.2 to improve the uniformity of the induced magnetic field distribution, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the induced magnetic field and thus improving energy harvesting efficiency. It can also generate more electrical energy in low-load current-carrying conductors, reducing the starting current. Simultaneously, it stores energy when the induced current is good and supplies power through the energy storage unit during initial power-on operation or when the induced current is extremely low, expanding the applicability of the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system in low-load current-carrying conductors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic induction energy harvesting technology, and in particular to an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the development of industrial automation and intelligent monitoring technologies, the demand for various online monitoring devices related to current-carrying conductors is increasing. These devices require a long-term, stable power supply, but traditional battery-powered methods suffer from problems such as difficult maintenance and frequent replacements. Therefore, directly extracting energy from current-carrying conductors has become an ideal solution.

[0003] In existing technologies, energy extraction from current-carrying conductors is mainly achieved through the principle of electromagnetic induction, that is, by setting up induction coils around the current-carrying conductor and using the magnetic field generated by the current in the conductor to induce electrical energy.

[0004] However, current electromagnetic induction energy harvesting systems typically require a large current in the current-carrying conductor to operate normally, and the starting current is too large, making it difficult to apply to low-load current-carrying conductors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system and control method to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system, comprising: Electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, energy storage unit, voltage detection unit, switching control unit, and output interface; The electromagnetic energy harvesting unit includes an induction coil and a magnetic core; The magnetic core is a C-shaped magnetic core made of nanocrystalline soft magnetic material, which is sleeved on a current-carrying conductor. The length of the C-shaped air gap of the magnetic core is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. The induction coil includes multiple parallel wires, which are wound on the magnetic core with an inner-outer layer turns ratio of 1:1.2. The coil is connected to the output interface and to the input terminal of the energy storage unit through a first switching transistor. The output terminal of the energy storage unit is connected to the output interface through a second switching transistor. The output terminal of the voltage detection unit is connected to the input terminal of the switching control unit, and is used to detect the real-time voltage of the current-carrying conductor; The output terminal of the switching control unit is connected to the control terminals of the first and second switching transistors. When the real-time voltage received by the initial power-on operation or switching control unit is less than the first target threshold, the second switch is turned on to enable the energy storage unit to supply power to the load through the output interface; when the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than or equal to the second target threshold, the first switch is turned on to enable the energy storage unit to be charged through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, wherein the first target threshold is less than the second target threshold.

[0007] This invention provides a control method for an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system. First, the real-time voltage of the current-carrying conductor is acquired. When the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system is powered on for the first time or the real-time voltage is less than a first target threshold, the energy storage unit is controlled to supply power to the load through the output interface. When the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than a second target threshold, the energy storage unit is controlled to charge through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, wherein the first target threshold is less than the second target threshold.

[0008] The above-mentioned at least one technical solution adopted in this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: This invention optimizes the coil and core design of the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit by using multiple strands of fine wire in parallel to reduce high-frequency eddy current losses and optimizes the inner and outer layer turn distribution, setting the inner and outer layer turn ratio to 1:1.2 to improve the uniformity of the induced magnetic field distribution, thereby improving the utilization rate of the induced magnetic field and thus improving the energy harvesting efficiency. It can also generate more electrical energy in low-load current-carrying conductors, reducing the starting current. At the same time, it stores energy when the induced current is good and supplies power through the energy storage unit when it is first powered on or when the induced current is extremely low, thus expanding the applicability of the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system in low-load current-carrying conductors. Attached Figure Description

[0009] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0010] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system architecture provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system architecture based on UPS principle provided for this invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an electromagnetic energy harvesting unit provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic diagram of circuit switching under the control of a switching control unit; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an energy storage unit charging provided by the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a startup booster provided by an energy storage unit according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0012] Currently, energy harvesting from current-carrying conductors is mainly achieved through the principle of electromagnetic induction. This involves placing an induction coil around the current-carrying conductor and using the magnetic field generated by the current in the conductor to induce electrical energy. However, existing energy harvesting and storage systems suffer from the following technical problems:

[0013] 1. Excessive starting current: Existing systems typically require a large current-carrying conductor current (usually greater than 20 amps) to operate normally, which limits their application on low-load current-carrying conductors.

[0014] 2. Poor power supply continuity: Power interruption during power switching may cause monitoring equipment to restart or data to be lost.

[0015] 3. Simple power management: It lacks intelligent power management strategies and cannot dynamically adjust the power supply mode according to load demand.

[0016] 4. Insufficient reliability: When the current in the current-carrying conductor fluctuates greatly, the system stability is poor and power supply failures are likely to occur.

[0017] Therefore, there is a need for an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system with lower starting current and more reliable power supply.

[0018] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system architecture according to the present invention. The electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system includes: an electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, an energy storage unit, a voltage detection unit, a switching control unit, and an output interface.

[0020] The electromagnetic energy harvesting unit includes an induction coil and a magnetic core.

[0021] The magnetic core is a C-shaped core made of high-permeability nanocrystalline soft magnetic material, with a relative permeability μr ≥ 70000, which is 5 to 10 times higher than that of traditional silicon steel sheets, thereby improving magnetic energy coupling efficiency. The magnetic core is sleeved on the current-carrying conductor, and the C-shaped air gap length of the magnetic core is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm to ensure the linearity of the magnetic circuit, reduce magnetic resistance and leakage flux, and the open design facilitates installation around the transmission line; of course, the magnetic core can also be toroidal.

[0022] The induction coil comprises multiple parallel wires wound on a magnetic core at an inner-outer layer turns ratio of 1:1.2, forming a closed magnetic circuit. The number of turns can range from 400 to 1400, and the wire specifications can be AWG24-AWG18 to reduce high-frequency eddy current losses and improve magnetic field utilization, thereby increasing energy harvesting efficiency. High-temperature enameled wire can be used, with an operating temperature up to 180℃. The induction coil is connected to the output interface and to the input terminal of the energy storage unit via a first switching transistor; the output terminal of the energy storage unit is connected to the output interface via a second switching transistor.

[0023] The output of the voltage detection unit is connected to the input of the switching control unit to detect the real-time voltage of the current-carrying conductor.

[0024] The output of the switching control unit is connected to the control terminals of the first and second switching transistors.

[0025] When the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system is powered on for the first time or when the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is less than the first target threshold, the second switch is turned on to allow the energy storage unit to supply power to the load through the output interface; when the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than or equal to the second target threshold, the first switch is turned on to allow the energy storage unit to be charged through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, and the first target threshold is less than the second target threshold.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system architecture based on the UPS principle in this invention. In this schematic diagram, while adding a buffer unit 300, other units are also specifically shown.

[0027] Specifically, in addition to the induction coil 101 and the magnetic core 102, the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit may also include a rectifier circuit 103 and a filter circuit 104. The rectifier circuit 103 may be a Schottky diode bridge rectifier circuit with a forward voltage drop of less than 0.3V and a reverse recovery time of less than 50ns to reduce rectification losses. The filter circuit 104 may be a capacitor with an equivalent series resistance of less than a preset resistance. It may be a combination of low ESR electrolytic capacitors and film capacitors, with electrolytic capacitors having a capacitance of 1000-4600μF and film capacitors having a capacitance of 1-10μF, and a ripple factor of less than 5%.

[0028] The induction coil 101 of the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit 100 is connected to the output interface in sequence through the rectifier circuit 103 and the filter circuit 104. The induction coil of the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit 100 is also connected to the input terminal of the energy storage unit 200 in sequence through the rectifier circuit 103, the filter circuit 104 and the first switching transistor. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic energy harvesting unit according to the present invention. Figure 3 The core control module corresponds to Figure 2 This refers to the microprocessor in the switching control unit.

[0029] The energy storage unit 200, as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), may include: a first supercapacitor bank 201 formed by multiple supercapacitors, and may also include a bidirectional DC-DC converter 302 and a battery management system 303.

[0030] The first supercapacitor bank 201 has a rated capacity of 5Ah~30Ah, an operating voltage range of 5V~48V, a cycle life of ≥3000 cycles, and an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃. A bidirectional DC-DC converter 302 is used for voltage conversion when supplying power to the energy storage unit 200, and a battery management system 303 is used for battery status management, serving the charge and discharge management of the first supercapacitor bank 201.

[0031] The electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system may also include a buffer unit 300; the buffer unit 300 may include a second supercapacitor group 301 formed by multiple supercapacitors connected in series and parallel, and may also include a fast charging circuit 302 and an instantaneous discharge control circuit 303.

[0032] The second supercapacitor bank 301 has a rated capacity of 100F~1400F, an operating voltage of 2.7V~48V, an equivalent series resistance (ESR) of less than or equal to 10mΩ, a charge / discharge efficiency of greater than or equal to 95%, a charging time of less than or equal to 120 seconds when the charging current is 1A~5A, and a response time of less than or equal to 1ms.

[0033] The fast charging circuit 302 serves as the input terminal of the buffer unit 300, used to perform maintenance charging on the second supercapacitor bank 301 when the current-carrying conductor current is relatively good. The charging current is adjustable from 1A to 5A. The instantaneous discharge control circuit 303 serves as the output terminal of the buffer unit 300, used to quickly provide electrical energy to the load through the output interface during switching. The discharge current is 10A to 100A.

[0034] The input terminal of the buffer unit 300 is connected to the induction coil of the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit 100 through the third switching transistor, and the output terminal of the buffer unit 300 is connected to the output interface through the fourth switching transistor.

[0035] The output of the switching control unit is connected to the control terminals of the third and fourth switching transistors. When the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit decreases from greater than or equal to the first target threshold to less than the first target threshold, the fourth switching transistor is turned on before the second switching transistor is turned on, so that the buffer unit 300 supplies power to the load through the output interface; while the buffer unit 300 is supplying power, the second switching transistor is turned on, so that the energy storage unit 200 supplies power to the load through the output interface until the power supply stabilizes, at which point the fourth switching transistor is turned off. When the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than or equal to the second target threshold, the third switching transistor is turned on, so that the buffer unit 300 is charged through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit.

[0036] The voltage detection unit 400 includes a current sensor 401 and a signal conditioning circuit 402; the output terminal of the current sensor 401 is connected to the input terminal of the signal conditioning circuit 402, and the output terminal of the signal conditioning circuit 402 is connected to the input terminal of the switching control unit 500.

[0037] The current sensor 401 can be a Rogowski coil sensor, which can be fitted onto a current-carrying conductor. The measurement range is 1A to 4000A, the accuracy is less than or equal to 1%, and the response time is less than or equal to 10ms.

[0038] The current sensor 401 is used to acquire measurement signals from the induction coil. The signal conditioning circuit 402 integrates functions such as signal amplification, filtering, and A / D conversion, with a sampling frequency ≥1kHz and a resolution ≥12 bits. The signal conditioning circuit 402 is used to amplify, filter, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the measurement signal from the current sensor 401 to obtain the real-time voltage of the current-carrying conductor.

[0039] The switching control unit 500 may include: (1) Microprocessor 501: It can adopt a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 architecture, with a main frequency of 100MHz, a built-in floating-point arithmetic unit, and memory including 512KB Flash and 128KB RAM.

[0040] (2) Software switching control module 502: includes UPS switching algorithm, fault diagnosis algorithm and communication protocol stack. Each algorithm or protocol can be pre-written into the storage module as software switching control module 502, and executed by microprocessor 501 in actual application.

[0041] (3) Hardware switching circuit 503: includes a power MOSFET switch array, switching time ≤ 5ms, contact resistance ≤ 50mΩ, and lifespan ≥ 1 million cycles. In one or more embodiments of the present invention, each switch (first to fourth switch) can be integrated into the hardware switching circuit 503, and the output terminal of the switching control unit is connected to the control terminal of each switch, which can be converted to the output terminal of the software switching control microprocessor 501 being connected to the control terminal of each switch.

[0042] (4) Status monitoring circuit 504: Real-time monitoring of the operating status of each unit, including parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and power, with a data update frequency ≥10Hz. The monitoring information can be fed back to the microprocessor 501 to serve the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage process.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of circuit switching under the control of a switching control unit in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of charging an energy storage unit according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a startup booster using an energy storage unit according to the present invention. Figures 4-6 The core control module in the middle corresponds to Figure 2 The middle part refers to the microprocessor in the switching control unit.

[0044] The load interface unit 600 may include an output interface 601 and a power protection circuit 602. The output interface 601 may be a DC output interface, used to provide 5V, 12V or 24V DC output to the load, with an output power of 10W~400W, voltage stability ≤±1%, and load regulation ≤±1%. The power protection circuit 602 includes overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection and reverse protection functions.

[0045] When the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit 500 is greater than or equal to the first target threshold and less than the second target threshold, the first and second switching transistors are turned off, so that the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit 100 supplies power to the load through the output interface.

[0046] Based on the above-mentioned electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system, the present invention also provides a control method for the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system, with a switching control unit as the execution subject, specifically including the following steps: The switching control unit can first detect the real-time voltage of the current-carrying conductor through the voltage detection unit. When the real-time voltage is less than the first target threshold, it controls the energy storage unit to supply power to the load through the output interface. When the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than the second target threshold, it controls the energy storage unit to charge through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit. The first target threshold is less than the second target threshold. The first target threshold can be 5V, and the second target threshold can be 11V.

[0047] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, during any power supply switching process, a buffer capacitor can be controlled to provide transitional power to ensure the continuity and stability of power supply. Therefore, when the real-time voltage drops from greater than or equal to the first target threshold to less than the first target threshold for 2 seconds, before the energy storage unit supplies power to the load through the output interface, the switching control unit can control the buffer unit to supply power to the load through the output interface, so that during the buffer unit's power supply period, the energy storage unit supplies power to the load through the output interface until the supply stabilizes, at which point the buffer unit stops supplying power to the load through the output interface.

[0048] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, when the real-time voltage increases from less than the first target threshold to greater than or equal to the first target threshold and continues for more than 2 seconds, the energy storage unit is controlled to stop supplying power to the load through the output interface, so as to supply power directly to the load through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit.

[0049] When the real-time voltage increases from less than the second target threshold to greater than or equal to the second target threshold and remains there for more than 5 seconds, the control energy storage unit and / or buffer unit are charged through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit.

[0050] When the real-time voltage decreases from greater than or equal to the second target threshold to less than the second target threshold and remains below the second target threshold for more than 5 seconds, the control energy storage unit and / or buffer unit stop charging through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit and only control the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit to supply power to the load through the output interface.

[0051] In the control method of the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system, after the system is powered on, the switching control unit 400 can perform a self-test, including detecting the connection status of each unit, reading the SOC status of the UPS energy storage unit 200, calibrating the current detection unit 300, and loading control parameters and switching thresholds, among other things. When the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system is initially powered on, the energy storage unit can be controlled to supply power to the load through the output interface. During the operation of the system, voltage detection and status judgment can be performed, and the appropriate power supply mode can be selected according to the above description under different states.

[0052] The present invention also provides application examples of the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system proposed in this invention: Case 1: Monitoring of 35kV distribution lines.

[0053] Installation location: 35kV overhead power distribution line tower.

[0054] Load devices: temperature monitor, tilt monitor, communication module.

[0055] System configuration: 24V / 5A output, 20Ah lithium battery.

[0056] Operational performance: Stable operation within the line load range of 50A~400A, with a minimum starting current of only 38mA.

[0057] Case 2: Monitoring of 220kV transmission lines.

[0058] Installation location: 220kV transmission line tension tower.

[0059] Load equipment: conductor temperature monitoring, micro-meteorological monitoring, video surveillance.

[0060] System configuration: 48V / 10A output, 50Ah lithium battery.

[0061] Operational performance: Stable operation within a line load range of 100A~1200A, with a power supply reliability of 99.95%. In this embodiment, a startup current test was performed, and the system startup current was tested at different ambient temperatures: The starting current is 35mA at 25℃; 42mA at 0℃; and 38mA at 40℃.

[0062] In addition, switching performance tests were conducted, with a power switching time of ≤15ms, including: The switching detection time is ≤2ms, the supercapacitor response time is ≤1ms, the energy storage unit stabilization time is ≤12ms, and the load voltage fluctuation during the switching process is ≤±2%, which meets the power supply requirements of the monitoring equipment.

[0063] In addition, efficiency tests were conducted, and the overall system efficiency test results are as follows: Electromagnetic energy harvesting unit efficiency: 85%~92%, UPS energy storage unit efficiency: 94%~96%, supercapacitor buffer unit efficiency: 96%~98%, overall system efficiency: 80%~88%.

[0064] Furthermore, reliability testing was conducted, including long-term reliability testing in a simulated transmission line environment: Continuous working time ≥8760 hours (1 year), switchover success rate ≥99.9%, mean time between failures (MTBF) ≥40000 hours.

[0065] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof in this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, that is, in addition to the elements listed in this invention, other elements not expressly listed may also be included.

[0066] The various embodiments in this invention are described in a progressive manner. For the same or similar parts between the various embodiments, please refer to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0067] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic induction power harvesting and energy storage system, characterized by, include: Electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, energy storage unit, voltage detection unit, switching control unit, and output interface; The electromagnetic energy harvesting unit includes an induction coil and a magnetic core; The magnetic core is a C-shaped magnetic core made of nanocrystalline soft magnetic material, which is sleeved on a current-carrying conductor. The length of the C-shaped air gap of the magnetic core is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. The induction coil includes multiple parallel wires, which are wound on the magnetic core with an inner-outer layer turns ratio of 1:1.

2. The coil is connected to the output interface and to the input terminal of the energy storage unit through a first switching transistor. The output terminal of the energy storage unit is connected to the output interface through a second switching transistor. The output terminal of the voltage detection unit is connected to the input terminal of the switching control unit, and is used to detect the real-time voltage of the current-carrying conductor; The output terminal of the switching control unit is connected to the control terminals of the first and second switching transistors. When the real-time voltage received by the initial power-on operation or switching control unit is less than the first target threshold, the second switch is turned on to enable the energy storage unit to supply power to the load through the output interface; when the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than or equal to the second target threshold, the first switch is turned on to enable the energy storage unit to be charged through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, wherein the first target threshold is less than the second target threshold.

2. The electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage unit includes: a first supercapacitor bank formed by multiple supercapacitors; The rated capacity of the first supercapacitor bank is 5Ah~30Ah, and the operating voltage range is 5V~48V.

3. The electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: Buffer unit; the buffer unit includes a second supercapacitor group formed by connecting multiple supercapacitors in series and parallel; The rated capacity of the second supercapacitor bank is 100F~1400F, the working voltage is 2.7V~48V, the equivalent series resistance is less than or equal to 10mΩ, the charge and discharge efficiency is greater than or equal to 95%, the charging time is less than or equal to 120 seconds when the charging current is 1A~5A, and the response time is less than or equal to 1ms. The input terminal of the buffer unit is connected to the induction coil of the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit through a third switching transistor, and the output terminal of the buffer unit is connected to the output interface through a fourth switching transistor. The output terminal of the switching control unit is connected to the control terminals of the third and fourth switching transistors; When the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit decreases from greater than or equal to the first target threshold to less than the first target threshold, the fourth switch is turned on before the second switch is turned on, so that the buffer unit supplies power to the load through the output interface; the second switch is turned on during the power supply of the buffer unit, so that the energy storage unit supplies power to the load through the output interface until the power supply stabilizes and then the fourth switch is turned off. When the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than or equal to the second target threshold, the third switch is turned on, so that the buffer unit is charged through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit.

4. The electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage detection unit includes a current sensor and a signal conditioning circuit; the output terminal of the current sensor is connected to the input terminal of the signal conditioning circuit, and the output terminal of the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the input terminal of the switching control unit. The current sensor is a Rogowski coil sensor, which is sleeved on a current-carrying conductor. The measurement range is 1A to 4000A, the accuracy is less than or equal to 1%, and the response time is less than or equal to 10ms. The current sensor is used to acquire a measurement signal from the induction coil, and the signal conditioning circuit is used to amplify, filter, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the measurement signal from the current sensor to obtain the real-time voltage of the current-carrying conductor.

5. The electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic energy harvesting unit further includes: a rectifier circuit and a filter circuit; the rectifier circuit is a Schottky diode bridge rectifier circuit; the filter circuit is a capacitor with an equivalent series resistance less than a preset resistance; The induction coil of the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit is connected to the output interface in sequence through a rectifier circuit and a filter circuit; The induction coil of the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage unit in sequence through a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, and a first switching transistor.

6. The electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The output interface is used to provide 5V, 12V or 24V DC output to the load, with an output power of 10W to 400W.

7. The electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than or equal to the first target threshold and less than the second target threshold, the first and second switching transistors are turned off, so that the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit supplies power to the load through the output interface.

8. A control method for an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system, characterized in that, include: Obtain the real-time voltage of the current-carrying conductor; When the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system is powered on for the first time or when the real-time voltage is less than the first target threshold, the control energy storage unit supplies power to the load through the output interface; when the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than the second target threshold, the control energy storage unit charges through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, where the first target threshold is less than the second target threshold.

9. The control method for the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting and storage system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, When the real-time voltage is less than the first target threshold, the energy storage unit is controlled to supply power to the load through the output interface; when the real-time voltage received by the switching control unit is greater than the second target threshold, the energy storage unit is controlled to charge through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit, specifically including: When the real-time voltage drops from greater than or equal to the first target threshold to less than the first target threshold and remains so for 2 seconds, before the energy storage unit supplies power to the load through the output interface, the buffer unit supplies power to the load through the output interface. During the power supply period of the buffer unit, the energy storage unit supplies power to the load through the output interface until it stabilizes, and then the buffer unit stops supplying power to the load through the output interface. The method further includes: When the real-time voltage increases from less than the first target threshold to greater than or equal to the first target threshold and remains so for more than 2 seconds, the control energy storage unit stops supplying power to the load through the output interface, and supplies power directly to the load through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit. When the real-time voltage increases from less than the second target threshold to greater than or equal to the second target threshold and lasts for more than 5 seconds, the control energy storage unit and / or buffer unit are charged through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit. When the real-time voltage decreases from greater than or equal to the second target threshold to less than the second target threshold and remains below the second target threshold for more than 5 seconds, the control energy storage unit and / or buffer unit stop charging through the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit and only control the electromagnetic energy harvesting unit to supply power to the load through the output interface.

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