A high voltage direct current power supply system, method and apparatus

Abstract

This invention provides a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power supply system, method, and device, belonging to the field of high-voltage power supply technology. The system includes: a current-limiting charging module for receiving a HVDC input signal and limiting its current to obtain a limited charging current signal; a subsequent energy storage module for generating a real-time bus voltage signal based on the charge accumulation of the limited charging current signal; an isolation triggering module for generating a control high-level signal upon confirming that the real-time bus voltage signal has reached a pre-charging threshold; a bypass power supply module for responding to the control high-level signal by switching the bypass power supply module to the on state, short-circuiting the current-limiting charging module, and generating a bypass power supply voltage; a buffer absorption module for attenuating peaks in the bypass power supply voltage to obtain a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage; and a subsequent energy storage module for maintaining a smooth HVDC voltage based on the peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage to power the high-voltage operation module. This invention improves the stability of high-voltage power supply while simultaneously suppressing surge current during HVDC power-on.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage power supply technology, and in particular to a high-voltage DC power supply system, method and equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power supply systems, the initial voltage of the downstream energy storage capacitor is zero at the moment of power-on, which is equivalent to a short circuit. If a high-voltage DC input source is directly connected at this time, a huge inrush current will be generated. This inrush current may cause grid voltage drops and electromagnetic interference, and may even damage the components.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technology discloses a power supply conversion circuit. This circuit connects a current-limiting resistor in series between the high-voltage DC input source and the subsequent energy storage capacitor. During the initial power-on phase, the bypass switch is kept off, allowing the charging current to slowly charge the capacitor through the current-limiting resistor, thus suppressing the surge current within a safe range. Once the capacitor is charged to near the target voltage, the bypass switch is turned on to short-circuit the current-limiting resistor, allowing the current to be directly transmitted through the low on-resistance switch. However, in this existing technology, the rapid switching action of the bypass switch from off to on generates a transient voltage spike. This spike, superimposed on the DC bus voltage, may cause the bypass switch to be falsely triggered through junction capacitance coupling, or even lead to abnormal switching oscillations, significantly reducing the stability of the high-voltage power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a high-voltage DC power supply system, method and equipment to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and improve the stability of high-voltage power supply while suppressing surge current at the moment of high-voltage DC power-on.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a high-voltage DC power supply system, including a high-voltage DC input source and a high-voltage operation module, including: a current-limiting charging module, a bypass power supply module, a downstream energy storage module, an isolation triggering module, and a buffer absorption module; The current-limiting charging module is used to receive the high-voltage DC input signal from the high-voltage DC input source, and perform current-limiting processing based on the high-voltage DC input signal to obtain a limited charging current signal. The downstream energy storage module is used to accumulate charge based on the limited charging current signal and generate a real-time bus voltage signal. The isolation trigger module is used to generate a control high-level signal when it confirms that the real-time bus voltage signal has reached the preset pre-charge threshold. The bypass power supply module is used to switch the operating state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state in response to the control high-level signal, so as to short-circuit the current limiting charging module and generate bypass power supply voltage. The buffer absorption module is used to perform peak attenuation processing on the bypass power supply voltage to obtain a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage. The downstream energy storage module is also used to maintain a smooth high-voltage DC voltage based on the peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage, and to supply power to the high-voltage operation module based on the smooth high-voltage DC voltage.

[0006] In the initial power-on phase of the above scheme, the isolation trigger module has not yet generated a high-level control signal, and the bypass power supply module is in the off state. At this time, the high-voltage DC input signal can only be transmitted through the current-limiting charging module. The current-limiting charging module limits the current based on the received high-voltage DC input signal to obtain a limited charging current signal. The amplitude of this limited charging current signal is limited to a safe range, thereby avoiding a large surge current due to the initial zero charge of the downstream energy storage module. The downstream energy storage module then accumulates charge based on this limited charging current signal to generate a real-time bus voltage signal. Through the above process, this scheme effectively suppresses surge current at the moment of high-voltage DC power-on. During the charge accumulation process, the real-time bus voltage signal gradually increases. When the isolation trigger module confirms that the real-time bus voltage signal has reached the preset pre-charge threshold, it generates a high-level control signal, switching the working state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state, short-circuiting the current-limiting charging module, and generating a bypass power supply voltage. At this time, the high-voltage DC input signal is transmitted through the bypass power supply module to reduce power loss. However, at the instant the bypass power supply module switches from the off state to the on state, its output bypass power supply voltage will be superimposed with a switching transient spike caused by the rapid switching. If this spike is transmitted to the subsequent energy storage module and high-voltage operation module, it will greatly reduce the stability of the high-voltage power supply and may even cause the bypass power supply module to malfunction. To address this, this solution adds a buffer absorption module to attenuate the bypass power supply voltage spike, resulting in a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage that essentially eliminates the switching transient spike component and has a flat voltage waveform. The subsequent energy storage module maintains the voltage based on this peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage and outputs a smooth high-voltage DC voltage to the high-voltage operation module for high-voltage power supply, thereby improving the stability of the high-voltage power supply. Therefore, this solution can effectively suppress the voltage spikes generated by the state switching of the bypass power supply module, avoiding power supply instability caused by spike interference, thus improving the stability of the high-voltage power supply while suppressing power-on surges.

[0007] Furthermore, the current-limiting charging module includes: a first resistor and a second resistor; the first end of the first resistor serves as the input terminal of the current-limiting charging module and is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source; the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor; the second end of the second resistor serves as the output terminal of the current-limiting charging module and is connected to the first end of the subsequent energy storage module.

[0008] In the above scheme, the first resistor and the second resistor form a series path between the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source and the first terminal of the subsequent energy storage module. During the initial power-on phase, the bypass power supply module of this scheme is not yet turned on. Therefore, the high-voltage DC input signal is transmitted to the subsequent energy storage module through the current-limiting charging module formed by the series path of the first and second resistors. At this time, the first and second resistors impede the current in the transmission path, limiting the charging current flowing to the subsequent energy storage module to a small, safe range, effectively suppressing the surge current at the moment of power-on. Furthermore, this scheme distributes the voltage drop of the high-voltage DC input signal on the current-limiting charging module across the two resistors, thereby reducing the power load and heat generation of a single resistor, improving the reliability of the current-limiting charging module, and avoiding resistance drift or failure due to overheating of a single resistor. This ensures that the current-limiting charging module can still stably perform its current-limiting function during multiple power-on cycles, thus making the charge accumulation process of the subsequent energy storage module smooth and controllable, thereby improving the stability of the high-voltage power supply.

[0009] Furthermore, the downstream energy storage module includes: a first capacitor and a fourth capacitor; the first terminal of the first capacitor serves as the first terminal of the downstream energy storage module and is connected to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operation module; the second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor; the second terminal of the fourth capacitor serves as the second terminal of the downstream energy storage module and is connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC input source.

[0010] In the above scheme, the first and fourth capacitors form a series structure between the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operation module and the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC input source, which effectively improves the overall withstand voltage capability of the downstream energy storage module. In a high-voltage DC power supply system, the high-voltage DC input signal provided by the high-voltage DC input source has a high amplitude, and the withstand voltage specification of a single capacitor is often insufficient to meet the safety margin requirements. Therefore, this scheme connects the first and fourth capacitors in series, so that the voltage of the high-voltage DC input signal is shared by the first and fourth capacitors, ensuring that the voltage borne by each capacitor is within its rated withstand voltage range. This ensures that the downstream energy storage module can operate stably for a long time under high-voltage conditions and will not fail due to overvoltage breakdown. It also allows the real-time bus voltage signal to rise smoothly, limiting the current surge at the moment of power-on, thereby providing a stable real-time bus voltage signal for the isolation trigger module. This enables the module to accurately determine the preset pre-charge threshold, avoid false triggering due to voltage fluctuations, and thus improve the stability of the high-voltage power supply.

[0011] Furthermore, the bypass power supply module includes a unidirectional switching transistor; the anode of the unidirectional switching transistor serves as the first input terminal of the bypass power supply module and is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source; the cathode of the unidirectional switching transistor serves as the output terminal of the bypass power supply module and is connected to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operating module; the control terminal of the unidirectional switching transistor serves as the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module and is connected to the control terminal of the isolation trigger module; wherein, if a high-level control signal is received at the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module, the unidirectional switching transistor is turned on, making the bypass power supply module operate in a conducting state; otherwise, the unidirectional switching transistor is turned off, making the bypass power supply module operate in a shut-off state.

[0012] In the above scheme, the anode of the unidirectional switch and the input terminal of the current-limiting charging module are both connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source, and the cathode of the unidirectional switch and the output terminal of the current-limiting charging module are both connected to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operating module. That is, the unidirectional switch and the current-limiting charging module are connected in parallel. In the initial stage of power-on, the isolation trigger module has not yet generated a high-level control signal, and the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module has not received a high-level control signal. The unidirectional switch remains in the off state, and the bypass power supply module is in the off state. At this time, the high-voltage DC input signal can only be transmitted to the downstream energy storage module through the current-limiting charging module. Since the unidirectional switch presents high impedance in the off state, it will not affect the current limiting of the current-limiting charging module, thereby ensuring effective suppression of surge current. Furthermore, when the real-time bus voltage signal generated by the downstream energy storage module reaches the preset pre-charging threshold, the isolation trigger module generates a high-level control signal and outputs it to the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module. When the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module receives the high-level control signal, it controls the unidirectional switch to turn on, switching the working state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state. After the unidirectional switch is turned on, a low-impedance path is formed between the anode and cathode of the unidirectional switch, thereby short-circuiting the current-limiting charging module. At this time, the high-voltage DC input signal is directly transmitted to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operation module through this low-impedance path, generating a bypass power supply voltage. Since the voltage drop between the anode and cathode of the unidirectional switch when it is turned on is much smaller than the voltage drop across the current-limiting charging module, the power loss of the high-voltage DC input signal on the transmission path is greatly reduced, enabling the downstream energy storage module and the high-voltage operation module to obtain sufficient power supply voltage in a timely and effective manner, thereby improving the stability of the high-voltage power supply.

[0013] Further, the buffer absorption module includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a second capacitor; the first end of the third resistor serves as the first end of the buffer absorption module and is connected to the first input end of the bypass power supply module; the first end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor; the second end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the fourth resistor; the second end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the second capacitor; the second end of the second capacitor serves as the second end of the buffer absorption module and is connected to the output end of the bypass power supply module.

[0014] In the above scheme, the third and fourth resistors of the buffer absorption module are connected in parallel and then in series with the second capacitor. The entire buffer absorption module is connected in parallel between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the bypass power supply module, that is, between the anode and cathode terminals of the unidirectional switching transistor of the bypass power supply module. In this scheme, at the instant the bypass power supply module switches from the off state to the on state, the rapid action of the unidirectional switching transistor will generate a switching transient spike between its anode and cathode terminals. This spike will be superimposed on the bypass power supply voltage. The second capacitor of the buffer absorption module exhibits low impedance characteristics to the high-frequency components in this switching transient spike, enabling it to bypass the high-frequency components in a timely manner, thereby preventing the spike from propagating to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operating module. This solution utilizes the synergistic effect of the third resistor, the fourth resistor, and the second capacitor. The buffer absorption module can effectively attenuate the switching transient spikes in the bypass power supply voltage output by the bypass power supply module, resulting in a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage. This peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage has smaller voltage fluctuation amplitude and fewer spike components, enabling the subsequent energy storage module to maintain a smoother real-time bus voltage signal based on this peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage, and ultimately output a smooth high-voltage DC voltage to the high-voltage operation module, thereby improving the stability of high-voltage power supply.

[0015] Further, the isolation trigger module includes: a high-voltage isolation optocoupler, a first parallel resistor, a second parallel resistor, and a fifth resistor; the second terminal of the fifth resistor serves as the first input terminal of the isolation trigger module and is communicatively connected to the second terminal of the downstream energy storage module; the first terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the first primary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler; the second primary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler is grounded; the first terminal of the first parallel resistor serves as the second input terminal of the isolation trigger module and is connected to the first input terminal of the bypass power supply module; the second terminal of the first parallel resistor is connected to the first secondary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler; the second secondary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler serves as the isolation trigger module... The control terminal of the module is connected to the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module and to the first terminal of the second parallel resistor; the second terminal of the second parallel resistor serves as the output terminal of the isolation trigger module and is connected to the output terminal of the bypass power supply module; wherein, if the real-time bus voltage signal output by the second terminal of the downstream energy storage module reaches the preset pre-charge threshold, a bypass drive signal is generated; the first input terminal of the isolation trigger module responds to the bypass drive signal, controlling the first and second secondary terminals of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler to conduct, so that the control terminal of the isolation trigger module outputs a high-level control signal to switch the working state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state.

[0016] In the above scheme, after the first and second secondary terminals of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler are turned on, the isolation trigger module forms a current path from the first input terminal of the bypass power supply module through the first parallel resistor, the first secondary terminal of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler, the second secondary terminal of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler, and the second parallel resistor to the output terminal of the bypass power supply module. This current path generates a voltage drop across the second parallel resistor as a control high-level signal, which is output to the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module through the control terminal of the isolation trigger module. That is, in this scheme, the first parallel resistor plays a current-limiting role in the above current path to prevent overcurrent damage to the secondary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler, while the second parallel resistor converts the current triggered by the current path into a control high-level signal, providing a suitable driving voltage for the bypass power supply module, thereby ensuring the reliable generation of the control high-level signal and improving the stability of the high-voltage power supply.

[0017] Further, the first parallel resistor includes an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, and an eleventh resistor; the second parallel resistor includes a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor; the first end of the ninth resistor is connected to the first end of the tenth resistor, and the first end of the ninth resistor serves as the first end of the first parallel resistor; the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the second end of the tenth resistor, and the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the first end of the eighth resistor; the first end of the eighth resistor is connected to the first end of the eleventh resistor; the second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor, and the second end of the eighth resistor serves as the second end of the first parallel resistor; the first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor, and the first end of the sixth resistor serves as the first end of the second parallel resistor; the second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second end of the seventh resistor, and the second end of the sixth resistor serves as the second end of the second parallel resistor.

[0018] In the above scheme, both the first parallel resistor and the second parallel resistor adopt a structure of multiple resistors connected in parallel or in series and parallel. This can avoid the problem that the isolation trigger module cannot accurately generate a high-level control signal due to the drift or failure of a single resistor value. In addition, the power sharing of multiple resistors in this scheme can reduce resistor heating, thereby reducing the resistance value deviation caused by temperature changes. This ensures the accuracy of the isolation trigger module in judging whether the real-time bus voltage signal reaches the preset pre-charge threshold, thus avoiding the problem of power supply voltage fluctuation caused by trigger timing deviation and improving the stability of high-voltage power supply.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes: a third capacitor and a fifth capacitor; the first terminal of the third capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source; the second terminal of the third capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the fifth capacitor; and the second terminal of the fifth capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC input source.

[0020] This invention also provides a high-voltage DC power supply method, applied to any of the above-mentioned high-voltage DC power supply systems, comprising: receiving a high-voltage DC input signal from a high-voltage DC input source, and performing current limiting processing on the high-voltage DC input signal to obtain a limited charging current signal; accumulating charge based on the limited charging current signal to generate a real-time bus voltage signal; confirming that the real-time bus voltage signal reaches a preset pre-charging threshold, and generating a control high-level signal; responding to the control high-level signal, switching the operating state of the bypass power supply module from a shutdown state to a conduction state to generate a bypass power supply voltage; performing peak attenuation processing on the bypass power supply voltage to obtain a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage; maintaining a smooth high-voltage DC voltage based on the peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage, and supplying power to the high-voltage operation module based on the smooth high-voltage DC voltage.

[0021] The present invention also provides a high-voltage DC power supply device, including a housing, a cover, a connection interface, and a PCB circuit board; the connection interface and the PCB circuit board are both fixedly disposed in the housing and electrically connected to provide a connection interface to the outside; the housing and the cover are detachably connected; the PCB circuit board is laid out with any of the above high-voltage DC power supply systems. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage DC power supply system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage DC power supply system circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the technical implementation of a high-voltage DC power supply method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0027] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or a connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] Please see Figure 1This embodiment provides a high-voltage DC power supply system, including a high-voltage DC input source and a high-voltage operation module, including: a current-limiting charging module, a bypass power supply module, a downstream energy storage module, an isolation triggering module, and a buffer absorption module; The current-limiting charging module is used to receive the high-voltage DC input signal from the high-voltage DC input source, and perform current-limiting processing based on the high-voltage DC input signal to obtain a limited charging current signal. The downstream energy storage module is used to accumulate charge based on the limited charging current signal and generate a real-time bus voltage signal. The isolation trigger module is used to generate a control high-level signal when it confirms that the real-time bus voltage signal has reached the preset pre-charge threshold. The bypass power supply module is used to switch the operating state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state in response to the control high-level signal, so as to short-circuit the current limiting charging module and generate bypass power supply voltage. The buffer absorption module is used to perform peak attenuation processing on the bypass power supply voltage to obtain a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage. The downstream energy storage module is also used to maintain a smooth high-voltage DC voltage based on the peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage, and to supply power to the high-voltage operation module based on the smooth high-voltage DC voltage.

[0032] In the initial power-on phase of the above embodiment, the isolation trigger module has not yet generated a high-level control signal, and the bypass power supply module is in the off state. At this time, the high-voltage DC input signal can only be transmitted through the current-limiting charging module. The current-limiting charging module limits the current based on the received high-voltage DC input signal to obtain a limited charging current signal. The amplitude of this limited charging current signal is limited to a safe range, thereby avoiding a large surge current due to the initial zero charge of the downstream energy storage module. The downstream energy storage module then accumulates charge based on this limited charging current signal to generate a real-time bus voltage signal. Through the above process, this embodiment achieves effective suppression of surge current at the moment of high-voltage DC power-on. During the charge accumulation process, the real-time bus voltage signal gradually increases. In this embodiment, the isolation trigger module confirms that the real-time bus voltage signal has reached the preset pre-charge threshold, and then generates a high-level control signal to switch the working state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state, short-circuiting the current-limiting charging module and generating a bypass power supply voltage. At this time, the high-voltage DC input signal is transmitted by the bypass power supply module to reduce power loss. However, at the instant the bypass power supply module switches from the off state to the on state, its output bypass power supply voltage will be superimposed with a switching transient spike caused by the rapid switching. If this spike is transmitted to the subsequent energy storage module and the high-voltage operation module, it will greatly reduce the stability of the high-voltage power supply and may even cause the bypass power supply module to malfunction. Therefore, this embodiment adds a buffer absorption module to attenuate the bypass power supply voltage spike, resulting in a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage that basically eliminates the switching transient spike component and has a flat voltage waveform. The subsequent energy storage module maintains the voltage based on this peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage and outputs a smooth high-voltage DC voltage to the high-voltage operation module for high-voltage power supply, which can improve the stability of the high-voltage power supply. Therefore, this embodiment can effectively suppress the voltage spikes generated by the state switching of the bypass power supply module, avoid power supply instability caused by spike interference, and thus improve the stability of the high-voltage power supply while achieving power-on surge suppression.

[0033] Furthermore, the current-limiting charging module includes: a first resistor and a second resistor; the first end of the first resistor serves as the input terminal of the current-limiting charging module and is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source; the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor; the second end of the second resistor serves as the output terminal of the current-limiting charging module and is connected to the first end of the subsequent energy storage module.

[0034] In the above embodiment, the first resistor and the second resistor form a series path between the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source and the first terminal of the subsequent energy storage module. During the initial power-on phase of the system, the bypass power supply module of this embodiment is not yet turned on. Therefore, the high-voltage DC input signal is transmitted to the subsequent energy storage module via the current-limiting charging module formed by the series path of the first and second resistors. At this time, the first and second resistors impede the current in the transmission path, limiting the charging current flowing to the subsequent energy storage module to a small safe range, effectively suppressing the surge current at the moment of power-on. Furthermore, this embodiment distributes the voltage drop of the high-voltage DC input signal on the current-limiting charging module across the two resistors, thereby reducing the power burden and heat generation of a single resistor, improving the reliability of the current-limiting charging module, and avoiding resistance drift or failure due to overheating of a single resistor. This ensures that the current-limiting charging module can still stably perform its current-limiting function during multiple power-on cycles, thus making the charge accumulation process of the subsequent energy storage module smooth and controllable, thereby improving the stability of the high-voltage power supply.

[0035] Furthermore, the downstream energy storage module includes: a first capacitor and a fourth capacitor; the first terminal of the first capacitor serves as the first terminal of the downstream energy storage module and is connected to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operation module; the second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor; the second terminal of the fourth capacitor serves as the second terminal of the downstream energy storage module and is connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC input source.

[0036] In the above embodiments, the first and fourth capacitors form a series structure between the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operation module and the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC input source, which effectively improves the overall withstand voltage capability of the downstream energy storage module. In high-voltage DC power supply systems, the high-voltage DC input signal provided by the high-voltage DC input source has a high amplitude, and the withstand voltage specification of a single capacitor is often insufficient to meet the safety margin requirements. Therefore, this embodiment connects the first and fourth capacitors in series, so that the voltage of the high-voltage DC input signal is shared by the first and fourth capacitors, ensuring that the voltage borne by each capacitor is within its rated withstand voltage range. This ensures that the downstream energy storage module can operate stably for a long time under high-voltage conditions and will not fail due to overvoltage breakdown. It also allows the real-time bus voltage signal to rise smoothly, limiting the current surge at the moment of power-on, thereby providing a stable real-time bus voltage signal for the isolation trigger module. This enables the module to accurately determine the preset pre-charge threshold, avoid false triggering due to voltage fluctuations, and thus improve the stability of the high-voltage power supply.

[0037] Furthermore, the bypass power supply module includes a unidirectional switching transistor; the anode of the unidirectional switching transistor serves as the first input terminal of the bypass power supply module and is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source; the cathode of the unidirectional switching transistor serves as the output terminal of the bypass power supply module and is connected to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operating module; the control terminal of the unidirectional switching transistor serves as the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module and is connected to the control terminal of the isolation trigger module; wherein, if a high-level control signal is received at the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module, the unidirectional switching transistor is turned on, making the bypass power supply module operate in a conducting state; otherwise, the unidirectional switching transistor is turned off, making the bypass power supply module operate in a shut-off state.

[0038] In the above embodiment, the anode of the unidirectional switch and the input terminal of the current-limiting charging module are connected together to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source, and the cathode of the unidirectional switch and the output terminal of the current-limiting charging module are connected together to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operating module, i.e., the unidirectional switch and the current-limiting charging module are connected in parallel. In this embodiment, during the initial power-on stage, the isolation trigger module has not yet generated a control high-level signal, the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module has not received a control high-level signal, the unidirectional switch remains in the off state, and the bypass power supply module is in the off state. At this time, the high-voltage DC input signal can only be transmitted to the subsequent energy storage module through the current-limiting charging module, and the unidirectional switch presents high impedance in the off state, which will not affect the current limiting of the current-limiting charging module, thereby ensuring effective suppression of surge current. Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the real-time bus voltage signal generated by the downstream energy storage module reaches the preset pre-charging threshold, the isolation trigger module generates a high-level control signal and outputs it to the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module. When the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module receives the high-level control signal, it controls the unidirectional switch to conduct, switching the working state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state. After the unidirectional switch is turned on, a low-impedance path is formed between the anode and cathode of the unidirectional switch, thereby short-circuiting the current-limiting charging module. At this time, the high-voltage DC input signal is directly transmitted to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operation module through this low-impedance path, generating a bypass power supply voltage. Since the voltage drop between the anode and cathode of the unidirectional switch when it is turned on is much smaller than the voltage drop across the current-limiting charging module, the power loss of the high-voltage DC input signal on the transmission path is greatly reduced, enabling the downstream energy storage module and the high-voltage operation module to obtain sufficient power supply voltage in a timely and effective manner, thereby improving the stability of the high-voltage power supply.

[0039] Further, the buffer absorption module includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a second capacitor; the first end of the third resistor serves as the first end of the buffer absorption module and is connected to the first input end of the bypass power supply module; the first end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor; the second end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the fourth resistor; the second end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the second capacitor; the second end of the second capacitor serves as the second end of the buffer absorption module and is connected to the output end of the bypass power supply module.

[0040] In the above embodiment, the third and fourth resistors of the buffer absorption module are connected in parallel and then in series with the second capacitor. The entire buffer absorption module is connected in parallel between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the bypass power supply module, that is, in parallel between the anode and cathode terminals of the unidirectional switching transistor of the bypass power supply module. In this embodiment, at the instant the bypass power supply module switches from the off state to the on state, the rapid action of the unidirectional switching transistor will generate a switching transient spike between its anode and cathode terminals. This spike will be superimposed on the bypass power supply voltage. The second capacitor of the buffer absorption module exhibits low impedance characteristics to the high-frequency component in this switching transient spike, which can promptly bypass the high-frequency component through the second capacitor, thereby preventing the spike from propagating to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operating module. In this embodiment, through the synergistic effect of the third resistor, the fourth resistor, and the second capacitor, the buffer absorption module can effectively attenuate the switching transient spikes in the bypass power supply voltage output by the bypass power supply module, resulting in a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage. This peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage has smaller voltage fluctuation amplitude and fewer spike components, enabling the subsequent energy storage module to maintain a smoother real-time bus voltage signal based on this peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage, and ultimately output a smooth high-voltage DC voltage to the high-voltage operation module, thereby improving the stability of high-voltage power supply.

[0041] Further, the isolation trigger module includes: a high-voltage isolation optocoupler, a first parallel resistor, a second parallel resistor, and a fifth resistor; the second terminal of the fifth resistor serves as the first input terminal of the isolation trigger module and is communicatively connected to the second terminal of the downstream energy storage module; the first terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the first primary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler; the second primary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler is grounded; the first terminal of the first parallel resistor serves as the second input terminal of the isolation trigger module and is connected to the first input terminal of the bypass power supply module; the second terminal of the first parallel resistor is connected to the first secondary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler; the second secondary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler serves as the isolation trigger module... The control terminal of the module is connected to the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module and to the first terminal of the second parallel resistor; the second terminal of the second parallel resistor serves as the output terminal of the isolation trigger module and is connected to the output terminal of the bypass power supply module; wherein, if the real-time bus voltage signal output by the second terminal of the downstream energy storage module reaches the preset pre-charge threshold, a bypass drive signal is generated; the first input terminal of the isolation trigger module responds to the bypass drive signal, controlling the first and second secondary terminals of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler to conduct, so that the control terminal of the isolation trigger module outputs a high-level control signal to switch the working state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state.

[0042] In the above embodiments, after the first and second secondary terminals of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler are turned on, the isolation trigger module forms a current path from the first input terminal of the bypass power supply module through the first parallel resistor, the first secondary terminal of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler, the second secondary terminal of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler, and the second parallel resistor to the output terminal of the bypass power supply module. This current path generates a voltage drop across the second parallel resistor as a control high-level signal, which is output to the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module through the control terminal of the isolation trigger module. That is, in this embodiment, the first parallel resistor plays a current-limiting role in the above current path to prevent overcurrent damage to the secondary side of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler, while the second parallel resistor converts the current triggered by the current path into a control high-level signal, providing a suitable driving voltage for the bypass power supply module, thereby ensuring the reliable generation of the control high-level signal and improving the stability of the high-voltage power supply.

[0043] Further, the first parallel resistor includes an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, and an eleventh resistor; the second parallel resistor includes a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor; the first end of the ninth resistor is connected to the first end of the tenth resistor, and the first end of the ninth resistor serves as the first end of the first parallel resistor; the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the second end of the tenth resistor, and the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the first end of the eighth resistor; the first end of the eighth resistor is connected to the first end of the eleventh resistor; the second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor, and the second end of the eighth resistor serves as the second end of the first parallel resistor; the first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor, and the first end of the sixth resistor serves as the first end of the second parallel resistor; the second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second end of the seventh resistor, and the second end of the sixth resistor serves as the second end of the second parallel resistor.

[0044] In the above embodiments, both the first parallel resistor and the second parallel resistor adopt a structure of multiple resistors connected in parallel or in series and parallel. This can avoid the problem that the isolation trigger module cannot accurately generate a high-level control signal due to the drift or failure of a single resistor value. In addition, the power sharing of multiple resistors in this embodiment can reduce resistor heating, thereby reducing the resistance value deviation caused by temperature changes. This ensures the accuracy of the isolation trigger module in judging whether the real-time bus voltage signal reaches the preset pre-charge threshold, thereby avoiding the problem of power supply voltage fluctuation caused by trigger timing deviation and improving the stability of high-voltage power supply.

[0045] Furthermore, it also includes: a third capacitor and a fifth capacitor; the first terminal of the third capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source; the second terminal of the third capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the fifth capacitor; and the second terminal of the fifth capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC input source.

[0046] Please see Figure 2 The implementation is shown in the circuit diagram of the high-voltage DC power supply system above. Figure 2In the diagram, HVIN+ is the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source, HVIN- is the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC input source, and HV+ is the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operation module; the current-limiting charging module includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2; the downstream energy storage module includes a first capacitor C1 and a fourth capacitor C4; the bypass power supply module includes a unidirectional switch Q1; the buffer absorption module includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a second capacitor C2; the isolation trigger module includes a high-voltage isolation optocoupler U1, a first parallel resistor including an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, and an eleventh resistor R11, a second parallel resistor including a sixth resistor R6 and a seventh resistor R7, and a fifth resistor R5; the TTL signal in the diagram is a drive signal generated based on the real-time bus voltage signal output from the second terminal of the downstream energy storage module, and when the real-time bus voltage signal output from the second terminal of the downstream energy storage module reaches a preset pre-charge threshold, a TTL signal as a bypass drive signal is generated; the circuit also includes a third capacitor C3 and a fifth capacitor C5.

[0047] Preferably, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are wire-wound power resistors. The resistance values ​​of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 can be set to... For example, when the output voltage VIN of the positive terminal HVIN+ of the high voltage DC input source is 600V, then at the instant of high voltage power-on, the limited current I of the limited charging current signal is I=VIN / (R1+R2)=4A.

[0048] It should be noted that the time t for the pre-charging of the downstream energy storage module to be completed can be calculated by t = 5 × (R1 + R2) × C, where C is the total capacitance of the downstream energy storage module. After the high voltage is applied for time t, the TTL signal is set to a high level as a bypass drive signal.

[0049] Preferably, the unidirectional switching transistor Q1 is a unidirectional thyristor, and Q1 is selected as a high-voltage device, specifically the JCT1225E model, which has a voltage rating of 1200V.

[0050] Preferably, the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, the tenth resistor R10, and the eleventh resistor R11 are high-voltage series 1206 package surface mount resistors, with a single withstand voltage of 400V, and the three resistors connected in series have a withstand voltage of 1200V. They are used with a 50% derating, thus improving reliability.

[0051] Preferably, the high-voltage isolation optocoupler U1 is a high-voltage withstand device, specifically the HPC3083-3 model, which has a withstand voltage of 800V.

[0052] Please see Figure 3 This embodiment also provides a high-voltage DC power supply method, applied to any of the above-mentioned high-voltage DC power supply systems, including: Step S1: Receive the high-voltage DC input signal from the high-voltage DC input source, and perform current limiting processing based on the high-voltage DC input signal to obtain the limited charging current signal; Step S2: Accumulate charge based on the limited charging current signal to generate a real-time bus voltage signal; Step S3: If the real-time bus voltage signal is confirmed to have reached the preset pre-charge threshold, a high-level control signal is generated. Step S4: In response to the control high-level signal, switch the working state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state to generate the bypass power supply voltage; Step S5: Perform peak attenuation processing on the bypass power supply voltage to obtain a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage; maintain a smooth high-voltage DC voltage based on the peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage, and supply power to the high-voltage operation module according to the smooth high-voltage DC voltage.

[0053] This embodiment also provides a high-voltage DC power supply device, including a housing, a cover, a connection interface, and a PCB circuit board; the connection interface and the PCB circuit board are both fixedly disposed inside the housing and electrically connected to provide a connection interface to the outside; the housing and the cover are detachably connected; the PCB circuit board is laid out with any of the above high-voltage DC power supply systems.

[0054] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high voltage direct current power supply system comprising a high voltage direct current input source and a high voltage work module, characterized in that, include: Current-limiting charging module, bypass power supply module, post-stage energy storage module, isolation triggering module, and buffer absorption module; The current-limiting charging module is used to receive the high-voltage DC input signal from the high-voltage DC input source, and perform current-limiting processing based on the high-voltage DC input signal to obtain a limited charging current signal. The downstream energy storage module is used to accumulate charge based on the limited charging current signal and generate a real-time bus voltage signal. The isolation trigger module is used to generate a control high-level signal when it confirms that the real-time bus voltage signal has reached the preset pre-charge threshold. The bypass power supply module is used to switch the operating state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state in response to the control high-level signal, so as to short-circuit the current limiting charging module and generate bypass power supply voltage. The buffer absorption module is used to perform peak attenuation processing on the bypass power supply voltage to obtain a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage. The downstream energy storage module is also used to maintain a smooth high-voltage DC voltage based on the peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage, and to supply power to the high-voltage operation module based on the smooth high-voltage DC voltage.

2. A high voltage DC power supply system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The current-limiting charging module includes: a first resistor and a second resistor; The first end of the first resistor serves as the input terminal of the current-limiting charging module and is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source. The second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor; The second end of the second resistor serves as the output end of the current-limiting charging module and is connected to the first end of the subsequent energy storage module.

3. The high-voltage DC power supply system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The downstream energy storage module includes: a first capacitor and a fourth capacitor; The first terminal of the first capacitor serves as the first terminal of the subsequent energy storage module and is connected to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operation module. The second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor; The second terminal of the fourth capacitor serves as the second terminal of the subsequent energy storage module and is connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC input source.

4. A high voltage DC power supply system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The bypass power supply module includes a unidirectional switching transistor; The anode of the unidirectional switching transistor serves as the first input terminal of the bypass power supply module and is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source. The cathode of the unidirectional switching transistor serves as the output terminal of the bypass power supply module and is connected to the power supply terminal of the high-voltage operation module. The control terminal of the unidirectional switch is used as the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module and is connected to the control terminal of the isolation trigger module. Specifically, if the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module receives a high-level control signal, the unidirectional switch is turned on, making the bypass power supply module in the on state; otherwise, the unidirectional switch is turned off, making the bypass power supply module in the off state.

5. A high voltage DC power supply system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that The buffer absorption module includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a second capacitor; The first end of the third resistor serves as the first end of the buffer absorption module and is connected to the first input end of the bypass power supply module. The first end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor; the second end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the fourth resistor. The second end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the second capacitor; The second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the output terminal of the bypass power supply module as the second terminal of the buffer absorption module.

6. A high voltage DC power supply system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that The isolation trigger module includes: a high-voltage isolation optocoupler, a first parallel resistor, a second parallel resistor, and a fifth resistor; The second end of the fifth resistor serves as the first input end of the isolation trigger module and is communicatively connected to the second end of the subsequent energy storage module. The first terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the first primary terminal of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler; the second primary terminal of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler is grounded. The first end of the first parallel resistor serves as the second input end of the isolation trigger module and is connected to the first input end of the bypass power supply module. The second end of the first parallel resistor is connected to the first secondary end of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler; The second secondary terminal of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler serves as the control terminal of the isolation trigger module, is connected to the second input terminal of the bypass power supply module, and is also connected to the first terminal of the second parallel resistor. The second end of the second parallel resistor serves as the output terminal of the isolation trigger module and is connected to the output terminal of the bypass power supply module. Specifically, if the real-time bus voltage signal output from the second terminal of the downstream energy storage module reaches the preset pre-charge threshold, a bypass drive signal is generated. The first input terminal of the isolation trigger module responds to the bypass drive signal and controls the first and second secondary terminals of the high-voltage isolation optocoupler to conduct, so that the control terminal of the isolation trigger module outputs a high-level control signal to switch the working state of the bypass power supply module from the off state to the on state.

7. A high voltage DC power supply system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that The first parallel resistor includes an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, and an eleventh resistor; the second parallel resistor includes a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor; The first end of the ninth resistor is connected to the first end of the tenth resistor, and the first end of the ninth resistor serves as the first end of the first parallel resistor. The second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the second end of the tenth resistor, and the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the first end of the eighth resistor; The first end of the eighth resistor is connected to the first end of the eleventh resistor; The second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor, and the second end of the eighth resistor serves as the second end of the first parallel resistor; The first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor, and the first end of the sixth resistor serves as the first end of the second parallel resistor; The second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second end of the seventh resistor, and the second end of the sixth resistor serves as the second end of the second parallel resistor.

8. A high voltage DC power supply system as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that It also includes: the third capacitor and the fifth capacitor; The first terminal of the third capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC input source; The second terminal of the third capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the fifth capacitor; The second terminal of the fifth capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC input source.

9. A method of high voltage direct current power supply, characterized by, Applied to a high-voltage DC power supply system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: Receive the high-voltage DC input signal from the high-voltage DC input source, and perform current limiting processing based on the high-voltage DC input signal to obtain the limited charging current signal; Charge accumulation is performed based on the limited charging current signal to generate a real-time bus voltage signal; Once the real-time bus voltage signal is confirmed to have reached the preset pre-charge threshold, a control high-level signal is generated. In response to the control high-level signal, the operating state of the bypass power supply module is switched from the off state to the on state, generating a bypass power supply voltage; The bypass power supply voltage is subjected to peak attenuation processing to obtain a peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage; The high voltage DC voltage is maintained based on the peak-shaving bypass power supply voltage, and the high voltage operating module is powered according to the high voltage DC voltage.

10. A high-voltage DC power supply device, comprising a housing, a cover, a connection interface, and a PCB circuit board; wherein the connection interface and the PCB circuit board are both fixedly disposed within the housing and electrically connected, providing a connection interface to the outside; the housing and the cover are detachably connected; characterized in that, The PCB circuit board layout includes a high-voltage DC power supply system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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