Switchgear operation monitoring system and method

Abstract

This invention provides a switchgear operation monitoring system and method, belonging to the technical field of monitoring devices. Specifically, it includes: determining a target identification strategy for standby monitoring devices in switchgear based on associated switchgear in different load ranges and the operating data of the switchgear in different load ranges; determining an activation processing strategy for standby monitoring devices of the targets by utilizing the correlation between stable load ranges of the targets and load ranges where no target belongs to a stable load range; determining acoustic spectrum monitoring data in different time periods based on the activation processing strategy; determining environmental interference data in different time periods based on the acoustic spectrum monitoring data; and determining a monitoring analysis and processing method for the switchgear by combining the correlation between time periods and the activation time periods of different targets, thereby improving the reliability of anomaly identification and processing based on acoustic spectrum features.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of monitoring device technology, and in particular relates to a switchgear operation monitoring system and method. Background Technology

[0002] As a key power distribution device in the power system, the operational reliability of switchgear is directly related to power supply security. Traditional switchgear monitoring mainly relies on periodic preventive tests and manual inspections. This method has problems such as large monitoring blind spots, poor timeliness, and difficulty in detecting early latent faults.

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the invention patent application CN202610251318.X, "A Method and System for Anomaly Identification of Substation Switchgear," obtains real-time temperature data from multiple monitoring points inside the switchgear and uploads it to a big data analysis platform via wired or wireless communication to achieve continuous monitoring of equipment operating status. However, all of these methods suffer from the following prominent issues: In switch rooms, different switchgear often use the same model. Therefore, abnormal states of switchgear can be effectively identified through acoustic spectrum characteristics. However, if the operating load ranges of different switchgear are not very similar, any deviation in the monitoring data of the monitoring device will have a significant impact on the reliability of the acoustic spectrum characteristics constructed when the switchgear is in normal operation. Therefore, how to set up backup monitoring devices and determine the activation strategy of backup monitoring devices to improve the reliability and efficiency of acoustic spectrum characteristic construction has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0004] Specifically, this application provides a switchgear operation monitoring system and method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the following technical solution is adopted: Specifically, this application provides a method for monitoring the operation of a switchgear, which includes: S1 uses the monitoring data of the switchgear to determine the similarity of the operating load between different switchgears, and combines the switchgear data to determine when it is necessary to set up a backup monitoring device. Based on the associated switchgears in different load ranges and the operating data of the switchgears in different load ranges, the identification strategy for setting up the backup monitoring device in the switchgear is determined. S2 determines the activation strategy for the backup monitoring device of the set target by utilizing the correlation between the stable load intervals of the set targets and the load intervals of set targets that do not belong to the stable load intervals. S3 determines the acoustic spectrum monitoring data in different time periods based on the opening processing strategy, determines the environmental interference data in different time periods based on the acoustic spectrum monitoring data, and determines the monitoring analysis and processing method of the switch cabinet by combining the correlation between the time periods and the opening time periods of different setting targets.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Based on the associated switchgear in different load ranges and the operating data of the switchgear in different load ranges, the identification strategy for setting up backup monitoring devices in the switchgear is determined. Based on the number of associated switchgear in different load ranges, the reliability of constructing acoustic spectrum features in different load ranges is determined. Combined with the operating data of the switchgear, the impact of the reliability of constructing acoustic spectrum features in different load ranges on the reliability of monitoring and processing of different switchgear is determined. Using the constructed reliability and the impact, the identification strategy for setting up backup monitoring targets is determined. This not only reduces hardware investment costs but also ensures the reliability of constructing acoustic spectrum features in different load ranges.

[0007] By leveraging the correlation between stable load intervals of set targets and the load intervals of set targets that do not belong to stable load intervals, the activation strategy for the backup monitoring device of the set targets is determined. This approach considers both the reliability of constructing spectral features using the set targets based on their stable load intervals and the data of set targets belonging to stable load intervals within different operating load intervals, and the distribution of stable periods of the set targets in different time periods. This approach satisfies the requirements for constructing spectral features while avoiding resource waste caused by collecting too many low-value spectral features during periods of unstable load.

[0008] Furthermore, the monitoring data of the switchgear includes the operating periods of the switchgear in different load ranges.

[0009] Furthermore, the similarity of the operating loads of the switchgear is determined based on the overlap of the associated load ranges of the switchgear.

[0010] Furthermore, the associated load range is the load range whose runtime percentage is above the first runtime percentage threshold.

[0011] Furthermore, it was determined that a backup monitoring device needed to be set up, specifically including: S11 determines the overlap of associated load ranges between different switchgear based on the similarity of operating loads between different switchgear. S12 Based on the overlap situation, determine the switchgear that belongs to the associated load range in different load ranges, and designate it as the associated switchgear. S13 uses the switchgear data and the associated switchgear in different load ranges to determine whether it is necessary to set up a backup monitoring device.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for determining the monitoring, analysis, and processing method for the switchgear is as follows: Using environmental interference data at different time periods, the distribution data of interference times in the time period is determined, and the interference risk periods in the time period are determined using the distribution data of interference times; By utilizing the correlation between the interference risk periods and the activation periods of different target devices, the proportion of interference risk periods in the activation periods of the backup monitoring devices of the target devices is determined. The monitoring, analysis and processing method for the switchgear is determined based on the proportion of interference risk periods in the time period and the proportion of interference risk periods in the time period when the backup monitoring device for the target is turned on.

[0013] Furthermore, the switch cabinet is a switch cabinet excluding the set target.

[0014] Furthermore, the interference time is the moment when the amplitude of the environmental interference signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides a switchgear operation monitoring system, employing the aforementioned switchgear operation monitoring method, specifically including: Configure the target recognition module, enable the evaluation module, and the monitoring and analysis module; The target identification module is responsible for determining the identification strategy for the target of the backup monitoring device in the switch cabinet. The activation evaluation module is responsible for determining the activation processing strategy for the backup monitoring device of the set target; The monitoring and analysis module is responsible for determining the monitoring, analysis, and processing methods for the switchgear.

[0016] Other features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained through the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings.

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from a detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a switchgear operation monitoring method; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for determining the necessary setup of backup monitoring devices; Figure 3 This is a framework diagram of a switchgear operation monitoring system. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the invention will be thorough and complete, and the concept of the exemplary embodiments will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0021] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” and “the” are used to indicate the existence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended meaning of inclusion and that other elements / components / etc. may exist in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.

[0022] Example 1 To solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, a method for monitoring the operation of a switchgear is provided, specifically including: The core objective of this embodiment is to achieve comprehensive and reliable monitoring of the switchgear's operating status by analyzing the similarity of the switchgear's operating load, combining the identification of the backup monitoring device's setting target, the determination of its activation strategy, and interference analysis of acoustic spectrum monitoring data. Its core logic is as follows: first, based on the switchgear's load operating characteristics, determine whether a backup monitoring device is needed and its specific setting target; then, determine the backup device's activation strategy based on the stable load range of the setting target; and finally, determine the final monitoring and analysis processing method by combining interference analysis from acoustic spectrum monitoring. The overall logic follows the process of "load similarity analysis → setting target identification → activation strategy determination → monitoring and analysis method determination".

[0023] S1 uses the monitoring data of the switchgear to determine the similarity of the operating load between different switchgears, and combines the switchgear data to determine when it is necessary to set up a backup monitoring device. Based on the associated switchgears in different load ranges and the operating data of the switchgears in different load ranges, the identification strategy for setting up the backup monitoring device in the switchgear is determined. S2 determines the activation strategy for the backup monitoring device of the set target by utilizing the correlation between the stable load intervals of the set targets and the load intervals of set targets that do not belong to the stable load intervals. S3 determines the acoustic spectrum monitoring data in different time periods based on the opening processing strategy, determines the environmental interference data in different time periods based on the acoustic spectrum monitoring data, and determines the monitoring analysis and processing method of the switch cabinet by combining the correlation between the time periods and the opening time periods of different setting targets.

[0024] Furthermore, the monitoring data of the switchgear includes the operating periods of the switchgear in different load ranges.

[0025] Furthermore, the similarity of the operating loads of the switchgear is determined based on the overlap of the associated load ranges of the switchgear.

[0026] Furthermore, the associated load range is the load range whose runtime percentage is above the first runtime percentage threshold.

[0027] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, it has been determined that a backup monitoring device needs to be configured, specifically including: In this embodiment, based on the similarity of the operating loads between different switchgears, that is, the similarity of the operating loads of switchgears of the same model, the impact of the monitoring device, i.e. the acoustic spectrum monitoring device, on the reliability of the construction of acoustic spectrum features in different operating load ranges of the overall switchgear under normal operation is determined. The impact is used to determine whether it is necessary to set up a backup monitoring device, which also lays the foundation for ensuring the reliability of the acoustic spectrum feature construction process.

[0028] S11 determines the overlap of associated load ranges between different switchgear based on the similarity of operating loads between different switchgear. The associated load range refers to the load range in which the operating time of a certain switchgear reaches or exceeds the first time range threshold in the historical operating data. That is, the switchgear operates stably and continuously within the load range and has a strong representative load range. The overlap of the associated load range refers to the number and coverage ratio of the same associated load range shared by different switchgears. The higher the overlap, the more stable the two switchgears operate under similar operating load conditions for a long time and the more similar their operating load characteristics are.

[0029] Suppose that the percentage of operating time of multiple switchgears in each load range is counted, and the load range with the percentage of operating time exceeding the first time range threshold is marked as the associated load range of that switchgear. Then, the number of overlaps between the associated load ranges of different switchgears is compared in pairs to depict the similarity of the operating load between each pair of switchgears.

[0030] This step, through quantitative analysis of the overlap of load intervals associated with switchgear, is significant in that it lays the foundation for subsequent identification of switchgear combinations that can mutually reference acoustic spectrum characteristics under the same load conditions, and enables the assessment of the impact on the reliability of constructing acoustic spectrum characteristics for different load intervals when there is a monitoring deviation in any acoustic spectrum monitoring device.

[0031] S12 Based on the overlap situation, determine the switchgear that belongs to the associated load range in different load ranges, and designate it as the associated switchgear. The associated switchgear refers to switchgear within a specific load range that belongs to its associated load range, i.e., switchgear with a stable operating history and capable of providing effective acoustic spectrum reference data within that load range; the more associated switchgear there are within a certain load range, the richer the sources of acoustic spectrum characteristics available for reference under that load range, and the higher the reliability of the construction.

[0032] Assume the system iterates through each load range one by one, counts the number of switchgear whose operating time in that load range reaches a threshold, marks these switchgear as associated switchgear in that load range, and records each load. This step systematically organizes the identification results of associated switchgear at the load interval dimension. Its significance lies in transforming the operating characteristics of the switchgear group from the equipment dimension to the load interval dimension, which facilitates the subsequent judgment of the reliability of the acoustic spectrum feature construction based on the load interval, and provides refined input data for the necessity analysis of setting up backup monitoring devices.

[0033] S13 uses the switchgear data and the associated switchgear in different load ranges to determine whether it is necessary to set up a backup monitoring device.

[0034] The switchgear data refers to basic information such as the total number of switchgear of the same model in the system and the percentage of operating time of each switchgear in different load ranges; the setting and processing of the backup monitoring device refers to the additional installation of a backup acoustic spectrum monitoring device on a specific switchgear so that the acquisition and construction of acoustic spectrum features can be maintained through the backup device when the main monitoring device deviates.

[0035] Assuming the system comprehensively considers the total number of switchgear, the coverage of associated switchgear in each load range, and the proportion of reliable load ranges, it gradually judges whether the current switchgear group's monitoring system is at risk of failing to effectively construct the acoustic spectrum characteristics of certain load ranges due to insufficient associated switchgear, thereby determining whether it is necessary to activate the backup monitoring device.

[0036] This step comprehensively evaluates the reliability of the monitoring system using multi-level judgment logic. Its significance lies in avoiding the risk of the overall acoustic spectrum feature construction failing due to the deviation of a single switch cabinet monitoring device. By making refined threshold judgments, the cost of setting up backup devices can be controlled while ensuring monitoring reliability.

[0037] S131. Using the switch cabinet data, determine the number of switch cabinets and determine whether the number of switch cabinets is less than the preset switch cabinet number threshold. If so, then the backup monitoring device must be set up to ensure the reliability of the monitoring and processing of the acoustic spectrum signal during the operation of the switch cabinet, laying the foundation for fault diagnosis based on the acoustic spectrum signal. If not, proceed to step S132. The preset threshold for the number of switchgear refers to the critical value for judging whether the total number of switchgear of the same model in the system is too small. When the total number of switchgear is lower than this threshold, even if some switchgear are correlated in certain load ranges, the overall number is too small to form a sufficient capacity to construct acoustic spectrum features. At this time, it is necessary to set up a backup monitoring device.

[0038] Assuming there are multiple switchgear units of the same model in the system, count their total number and compare it with the preset switchgear quantity threshold. If the total number is too small, directly enter the backup monitoring device setting process without needing to perform subsequent analysis of the distribution of associated switchgear.

[0039] This step uses the total number of switchgear as the first criterion for setting up backup devices. Its significance lies in the fact that when the system scale is too small, the mutual reference capability between related switchgear is very limited. Forcing the setting up of backup monitoring devices is the most basic guarantee for ensuring the reliability of acoustic spectrum feature construction.

[0040] S132 determines whether there is a load range where the number of associated switchgear is greater than the preset threshold for the number of associated switchgear based on the associated switchgear in different load ranges. If yes, proceed to step S133; otherwise, it is necessary to set up a backup monitoring device. The preset threshold for the number of associated switchgear refers to the critical value for judging whether the number of associated switchgear in a certain load range is sufficient. If there are no associated switchgear exceeding the threshold in all load ranges, it means that the number of switchgear in each load range of the entire system is insufficient, and a backup monitoring device must be set up.

[0041] Assuming that the number of associated switchgear is counted for each load interval, if the number of associated switchgear in any load interval does not exceed the preset threshold for the number of associated switchgear, then it is directly determined that the backup monitoring device needs to be set up; if there is at least one load interval that meets the requirements, then proceed to S133 for further analysis.

[0042] This step uses the sufficiency of the number of associated switchgear in the load zone dimension as the second-level judgment criterion. Its significance is that when there is a lack of sufficient associated switchgear in all load zones, the existing equipment alone cannot maintain the effective construction of the acoustic spectrum characteristics when any monitoring device deviates. It is necessary to make up for the lack of monitoring capability by setting up backup monitoring devices.

[0043] S133, the load range where the number of associated switchgear is greater than the preset threshold for the number of associated switchgear is taken as the reliable load range for monitoring. It is determined whether the proportion of switchgear in the associated load range that is in the reliable load range for monitoring is less than the preset threshold for the proportion of switchgear. If yes, it is determined that a backup monitoring device needs to be set up. If no, proceed to step S134. The reliable load interval for monitoring refers to the load interval where the number of associated switchgear exceeds a preset threshold for the number of associated switchgear. Within this load interval, there are sufficient associated reference resources and the reliability of the acoustic spectrum feature construction is high. The proportion of switchgear in the associated load interval that has a reliable load interval for monitoring refers to the proportion of all switchgear in all associated load intervals that have at least one associated load interval that is a reliable load interval for monitoring. The higher this proportion, the wider the coverage of the overall switchgear group within the reliable load interval for monitoring.

[0044] Assuming that a portion of the load range is identified as a reliable monitoring load range, the percentage of switchgear whose associated load range contains at least one reliable monitoring load range is counted. If this percentage is lower than the preset switchgear percentage threshold, it indicates that most switchgear lacks sufficient associated reference support in its main operating range and requires the installation of backup monitoring devices; otherwise, proceed to S134 for further detailed judgment.

[0045] This step determines the coverage ratio of switchgear by monitoring the reliable load range. Its significance lies in assessing whether most switchgear in the system can have sufficient reference sources in their associated load range. When most switchgear lacks coverage of the reliable load range, it indicates that there is a large reliability gap in the overall monitoring system, which needs to be systematically supplemented by backup monitoring devices.

[0046] S134. Based on the proportion of switchgear in the associated load interval that contains the reliable monitoring load interval, and the proportion of the reliable monitoring load interval in all load intervals, determine the monitoring matching value, and determine whether the monitoring matching value is greater than the preset matching threshold. If yes, it is determined that there is no need to set up a backup monitoring device; otherwise, it is necessary to set up a backup monitoring device.

[0047] The monitoring matching value refers to a comprehensive indicator reflecting the overall reliability of the monitoring system, calculated by combining the proportion of switchgear with reliable monitoring load intervals in the associated load intervals with the proportion of reliable monitoring load intervals in all load intervals; the preset matching threshold is a critical value for judging whether the monitoring matching value has reached the level where there is no need to set up a backup monitoring device.

[0048] Assuming the proportion of switchgear with reliable monitoring load intervals in the associated load intervals is known, and the proportion of reliable monitoring load intervals to all load intervals is known, then the monitoring matching value is calculated. If the monitoring matching value exceeds the preset matching threshold, it indicates that the current monitoring system has sufficient mutual reference capability as a whole, and there is no need to set up an additional backup monitoring device; otherwise, a backup monitoring device is still required.

[0049] This step, through a comprehensive evaluation of the monitoring matching values, achieves a refined final determination of the reliability of the monitoring system. Its significance lies in the fact that, in the intermediate situation where the first three steps fail to reach a direct conclusion, the dual-dimensional comprehensive calculation of equipment coverage ratio and load range coverage ratio avoids the problem of excessive or insufficient backup device settings due to improper judgment of a single indicator.

[0050] Suppose a substation has 8 switchgear units of the same model, labeled C1 to C8. The system divides the operating load into 5 load intervals: L1 (low load interval), L2 (low-medium load interval), L3 (medium load interval), L4 (medium-high load interval), and L5 (high load interval). Assume the threshold for the first duration is 20%.

[0051] In S11, the percentage of operating time for each switchgear within each load range is calculated, and the load range with an operating time percentage of not less than 20% is marked as the associated load range of that switchgear. The associated load ranges for each switchgear are as follows: C1's associated load range is {L1, L2, L3}; C2's associated load range is {L1, L2, L3}; C3's associated load range is {L2, L3, L4}; C4's associated load range is {L2, L3, L4}; C5's associated load range is {L3, L4, L5}; C6's associated load range is {L3, L4, L5}; C7's associated load range is {L1, L2}; and C8's associated load range is {L4, L5}.

[0052] In S12, the number of associated switchgear in each load section is counted one by one: the associated switchgear in section L1 is C1, C2, and C7, a total of 3; the associated switchgear in section L2 is C1, C2, C3, C4, and C7, a total of 5; the associated switchgear in section L3 is C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6, a total of 6; the associated switchgear in section L4 is C3, C4, C5, C6, and C8, a total of 5; and the associated switchgear in section L5 is C5, C6, and C8, a total of 3.

[0053] In S131, the total number of switch cabinets is 8. The preset threshold for the number of switch cabinets is 4. Since 8 ≥ 4, the direct setting condition is not met, so proceed to S132.

[0054] In S132, the preset threshold for the number of associated switchgear is set to 4, L2 is 5 > 4, L3 is 6 > 4, and L4 is 5 > 4. There is a load range where the number of associated switchgear is greater than the preset threshold for the number of associated switchgear, and then proceed to S133.

[0055] In S133, the reliable load monitoring intervals are L2, L3, and L4. The switchgear whose associated load intervals contain the reliable load monitoring intervals are counted as follows: C1's associated load interval {L1, L2, L3} contains L2 and L3, satisfying the condition; C2 is the same as C1, satisfying the condition; C3's associated load intervals {L2, L3, L4} all belong to the reliable load monitoring intervals, satisfying the condition; C4 is the same as C3, satisfying the condition; C5's associated load interval {L3, L4, L5} contains L3 and L4, satisfying the condition; C6 is the same as C5, satisfying the condition; C7's associated load interval {L1, L2} contains L2, satisfying the condition; C8's associated load interval {L4, L5} contains L4, satisfying the condition. A total of 8 switchgear units meet the conditions, with a ratio of 8 ÷ 8 = 1.00. The preset switchgear ratio threshold is set to 0.60. 1.00 ≥ 0.60, therefore the direct setting condition is not met, and the process proceeds to S134.

[0056] In S134, the monitoring matching value is calculated. Let the monitoring matching value = (Proportion of switchgear with a reliable monitoring load interval in the associated load interval) × (Proportion of a reliable monitoring load interval in all load intervals). The proportion of switchgear with a reliable monitoring load interval in the associated load interval = 8 ÷ 8 = 1.00; the number of reliable monitoring load intervals is 3 (L2, L3, L4), and the total number of load intervals is 5, so the proportion is 3 ÷ 5 = 0.60. The monitoring matching value = 1.00 × 0.60 = 0.60. Assuming a preset matching threshold of 0.8, it is determined that a backup monitoring device needs to be configured.

[0057] Furthermore, the method for determining the identification strategy of the setting target of the backup monitoring device in the switch cabinet is as follows: In this embodiment, the reliability of constructing acoustic spectrum features in different load ranges is determined based on the number of associated switchgear in different load ranges. The reliability of constructing acoustic spectrum features in different load ranges is combined with the impact of the reliability of monitoring and processing of different switchgear to determine the identification strategy for setting backup monitoring targets. This not only reduces the investment cost of hardware, but also ensures the reliability of constructing acoustic spectrum features in different load ranges.

[0058] S21 uses the associated switchgear data in different load ranges to determine the load range excluding the reliable load range and uses it as the load range for monitoring deviation. The monitoring deviation load range refers to the load range in which the number of associated switchgear does not exceed the preset threshold for the number of associated switchgear. In other words, there are not enough associated reference switchgear in this load range, and the reliability of the acoustic spectrum feature construction is low. The stable period in the monitoring deviation load range refers to the period in which a switchgear runs continuously for more than the preset duration threshold in this load range, reflecting the stable operation of the switchgear in this load range.

[0059] Assuming the system identifies some load intervals as reliable load intervals, all other load intervals are marked as load intervals with monitoring deviations, and the total number of load intervals with monitoring deviations is counted to provide input data for subsequent identification strategy judgment.

[0060] This step clearly divides the load range into two categories: reliable monitoring and monitoring deviation. Its significance lies in focusing on the load range with insufficient monitoring reliability, providing a clear target range for accurately determining which load ranges need to be prioritized for the deployment of backup monitoring devices.

[0061] It should be noted that if the number of monitoring deviation load intervals is greater than the preset threshold for the number of monitoring deviation load intervals, the identification strategy is determined to be that as long as the average daily number of stable periods in any monitoring deviation load interval is greater than the preset threshold for the number of stable periods, it will be used as the target for setting up the backup monitoring device.

[0062] The preset threshold for the number of monitoring deviation load intervals refers to the critical value for judging whether the number of monitoring deviation load intervals is too large. When the number of monitoring deviation load intervals is too large, the overall load interval monitoring coverage is insufficient. It is necessary to deploy backup monitoring devices on a large scale with a lenient target identification strategy to quickly make up for the overall gap in monitoring reliability.

[0063] If the number of monitored deviation load intervals exceeds the preset threshold, the system adopts a lenient identification strategy. As long as any switch cabinet has a sufficient number of stable periods within any monitored deviation load interval, it will be included in the target of the backup monitoring device in order to complete the supplementary acquisition of large-scale acoustic spectrum features as soon as possible.

[0064] This step employs a lenient identification strategy when there are too many monitored deviation load intervals. Its significance lies in prioritizing the widespread deployment of backup monitoring devices when the overall system monitoring reliability gap is large, so as to restore the overall reliability of the acoustic spectrum characteristics of each load interval as quickly as possible.

[0065] Additionally, it should be noted that if the number of the monitored deviation load intervals is not greater than the preset threshold for the number of monitored deviation load intervals, the number of switch cabinets is obtained, and it is determined whether the number of switch cabinets is less than the preset threshold for the number of switch cabinets. If so, the identification strategy is determined to be that as long as the daily average number of stable periods in any monitored deviation load interval is greater than the preset threshold for the number of stable periods, it is used as the target for setting up the backup monitoring device. If not, proceed to step S22.

[0066] S22 determines the proportion of the monitoring deviation load range in the associated load range of the switchgear based on the operating data of the switchgear in different load ranges, and uses the proportion of the monitoring deviation load range in the associated load range of the switchgear as the influence ratio. The influence ratio refers to the proportion of the number of load ranges belonging to the monitoring deviation load range in the associated load range of a certain switchgear to the total number of associated load ranges of the switchgear. The higher the influence ratio, the more the switchgear is in a state of insufficient monitoring reliability in its main operating load range, and the greater the impact on its acoustic spectrum feature construction when the main monitoring device deviates.

[0067] Assuming that the number of associated load ranges for each switchgear is counted, and then the number of load ranges belonging to the monitoring deviation range is counted, the influence ratio is obtained by the ratio of the two, and compared with the preset influence ratio threshold to determine whether the switchgear is excessively affected by the monitoring deviation.

[0068] This step maps the monitoring deviation information of the load range dimension to each switchgear dimension by calculating the impact ratio. Its significance lies in accurately identifying high-risk switchgears that have a high proportion of operating time in load ranges with insufficient monitoring reliability, providing a quantitative basis at the equipment level for subsequent targeted determination of identification strategies.

[0069] It also includes the following: Based on different influence ratios of switchgear, determine whether there are switchgears whose influence ratio is greater than a preset influence ratio threshold. If so, proceed to step S23; otherwise, determine that the identification strategy is as follows: as long as the daily average number of stable periods within a preset number of monitoring deviation load intervals meets the requirements (the daily average number is greater than the preset stable period number threshold), and the proportion of the number of stable periods in the monitoring deviation load interval is greater than the preset date number proportion threshold, then it will be used as the target for setting up a backup monitoring device.

[0070] S23, based on the number of monitoring deviation load intervals and the influence ratio of different switch cabinets, determine the identification strategy for setting up the backup monitoring device in the switch cabinet.

[0071] Furthermore, switchgear with an impact ratio greater than a preset impact ratio threshold is considered as affected switchgear. It is then determined whether the number of affected switchgear exceeds a preset threshold for the number of affected switchgear. If so, the identification strategy for setting up backup monitoring devices in the switchgear is determined as follows: if the average daily number of backup monitoring devices in any monitoring deviation load interval meets the requirement (i.e., exceeds a preset threshold for the number of stable periods), then it is considered a target for setting up backup monitoring devices. If not, the identification strategy for setting up backup monitoring devices in the switchgear is determined as follows: if the average daily number of backup monitoring devices in any preset number of monitoring deviation load intervals meets the requirement (i.e., exceeds a preset threshold for the number of stable periods), then it is considered a target for setting up backup monitoring devices.

[0072] The affected switchgear refers to switchgear whose influence ratio is greater than the preset influence ratio threshold, that is, switchgear whose main operating load range is largely in the monitoring deviation load range and has a high degree of influence on the construction of the overall acoustic spectrum characteristics; the preset threshold for the number of affected switchgear refers to the critical value for judging whether the number of affected switchgear is too excessive.

[0073] For example, suppose there are switchgear units whose impact ratio exceeds a preset impact ratio threshold. Count the number of these affected switchgear units. If the number of affected switchgear units exceeds a preset threshold, a lenient identification strategy is adopted (if the requirements are met during a stable period within any monitoring deviation load interval, the switchgear unit is included in the target). If the number of affected switchgear units does not exceed this threshold, a stricter identification strategy is adopted (only if the requirements are met during stable periods within a preset number of monitoring deviation load intervals is the switchgear unit included in the target).

[0074] This step, through the final decision affecting the number of switchgear, enables adaptive adjustment of the strictness of the identification strategy. Its significance lies in the fact that when a large number of switchgear are highly affected by the monitoring deviation load range, the target identification should prioritize coverage to prevent the omission of important backup monitoring deployment nodes; when only a few switchgear are highly affected, a stricter identification strategy can be adopted to avoid unnecessary cost investment caused by excessive deployment of backup monitoring devices.

[0075] Continuing with the specific scenario of S1, the system has a total of 8 switch cabinets (C1 to C8), 5 load intervals (L1 to L5), the reliable load intervals for monitoring are L2, L3, and L4 (with ≥4 associated switch cabinets), and the load intervals for monitoring deviations are L1 and L5, a total of 2.

[0076] In S21, the number of monitored deviation load intervals is 2. The preset threshold for the number of monitored deviation load intervals is 3, where 2≤3, and the total number of switch cabinets is 8 or more, which is greater than or equal to the preset threshold for the number of switch cabinets of 4. Then proceed to S22.

[0077] In S22, the impact ratio is calculated for each switchgear: In the associated load range {L1, L2, L3} of C1, L1 belongs to the monitoring deviation load range, so the impact ratio = 1 ÷ 3 ≈ 0.33; C2 is the same as C1, so the impact ratio ≈ 0.33; In the associated load range {L2, L3, L4} of C3, there is no monitoring deviation load range, so the impact ratio = 0 ÷ 3 = 0.00; C4 is the same as C3, so the impact ratio = 0.00; In the associated load range {L3, L4, L5} of C5, L5 belongs to the monitoring deviation load range, so the impact ratio = 1 ÷ 3 ≈ 0.33; C6 is the same as C5, so the impact ratio ≈ 0.33; In the associated load range {L1, L2} of C7, L1 belongs to the monitoring deviation load range, so the impact ratio = 1 ÷ 2 = 0.50; In the associated load range {L4, L5} of C8, L5 belongs to the monitoring deviation load range, so the impact ratio = 1 ÷ 2 = 0.50. Set the preset impact ratio threshold to 0.40. Switchgear with an impact ratio greater than 0.40 is C7 (0.50) and C8 (0.50). Since there are switchgear with an impact ratio greater than the preset impact ratio threshold, proceed to S23.

[0078] In S23, the affected switchgear is C7 and C8, a total of 2. The preset threshold for the number of affected switchgear is 3. Since 2 < 3, the identification strategy is determined as follows: as long as the number of stable time periods within the preset number (set to be 2) of monitoring deviation load intervals is greater than the preset threshold for the number of stable time periods, it will be set as the target for the backup monitoring device.

[0079] Set a preset threshold of 3 stable time periods. Count the number of stable time periods for each switchgear in the two monitoring deviation load ranges L1 and L5. Set a preset threshold of 60% for the percentage of dates. Finally, determine the setting targets for the standby monitoring devices as follows: C1 (average daily number of stable time periods in L1 is 5, date percentage is 70%, satisfied), C5 (average daily number of stable time periods in L5 is 4, date percentage is 65%, satisfied), C6 (average daily number of stable time periods in L5 is 4, date percentage is 65%, satisfied), C7 (average daily number of stable time periods in L1 is 6, date percentage is 80%, satisfied), C8 (average daily number of stable time periods in L5 is 5, date percentage is 75%, satisfied). There are a total of 5 setting targets, labeled as D1 (C1), D2 (C5), D3 (C6), D4 (C7), and D5 (C8).

[0080] This embodiment, through steps S21 to S23, achieves the systematic determination of the target identification strategy for the backup monitoring device. Its core value is reflected in three aspects: First, by pre-judging the number of monitoring deviation load intervals, the size of the overall monitoring gap is quickly determined, providing a basis for selecting the severity of the identification strategy; second, by calculating the influence ratio on a switchgear-by-switchgear basis, high-risk switchgear with a high degree of impact in load intervals with insufficient monitoring reliability is accurately identified; and third, by the final judgment of the number of affected switchgears, adaptive matching between the severity of the identification strategy and the actual monitoring risk distribution of the system is achieved.

[0081] Furthermore, the stable load interval is the load interval in which the number of stable time periods required by the set target is met.

[0082] Furthermore, the method for determining the activation processing strategy of the backup monitoring device for the set target is as follows: In this embodiment, based on the stable load range of the set target and the set target data belonging to the stable load range in different operating load ranges, the reliability of constructing and processing the acoustic spectrum features using the set target is determined. Based on the reliability of constructing and processing the acoustic spectrum features using the set target and the distribution of the stable periods of the set target in different time periods, the activation strategy of the backup monitoring device is determined. This satisfies the requirements for constructing acoustic spectrum features while avoiding the waste of resources caused by starting monitoring during periods of unstable load and collecting too many acoustic spectrum features with low reference value due to the unstable acoustic spectrum features.

[0083] S31, the load range that does not belong to the set target of the stable load range is taken as the deviation load range; The stable load range refers to the load range in which the number of stable time periods of a certain target meets the requirement (greater than the preset threshold for the number of stable time periods); the deviation load range refers to the load range in which no target has a stable time period that meets the requirement, that is, no target can provide effective acoustic spectral feature construction support in the load range.

[0084] Assume the system counts the number of stable periods for each target in each load interval, identifies the stable load interval for each target, and then determines whether at least one target considers each load interval as a stable load interval. If a load interval has no stable periods that meet the requirements among all targets, it is marked as a monitoring deviation load interval.

[0085] This step identifies the load ranges that the overall target cannot effectively cover. Its significance lies in clarifying which load ranges the current backup monitoring device target combination has blind spots in terms of acoustic spectral feature construction, ensuring that the activation strategy can effectively address the situation where the overall target coverage is insufficient.

[0086] In the above steps, the number of deviation load intervals is obtained, and it is determined whether the number of deviation load intervals is greater than the preset threshold for the number of deviation load intervals. If so, the backup monitoring device is activated for all set targets in different time periods to determine the acoustic spectrum signal of the switchgear in different load intervals; otherwise, proceed to step S32.

[0087] S32, by utilizing the degree of correlation between the stable load intervals of the setting targets, determine the setting targets belonging to the stable load intervals in different load intervals, and take the setting targets belonging to the stable load intervals in the load intervals as the associated setting targets in the load intervals; The associated setting target refers to a setting target that has a stable time period within a specific load range and the number of stable time periods meets the requirements. That is, a backup monitoring device carrier that can effectively collect acoustic spectrum features within the load range. The more associated setting targets there are within a certain load range, the richer the acoustic spectrum feature construction resources are within that load range, and the higher the flexibility of activation.

[0088] Assuming that the stable load ranges of each set target have been identified, the number of associated set targets for each load range is counted. If the average number of associated set targets for all load ranges is lower than the preset threshold for the number of associated set targets, then the overall set target coverage is insufficient, and all set targets need to be turned on at all times. If the average is not lower than the threshold, then the number of reliable monitoring load ranges is further analyzed.

[0089] This step quantifies the matching relationship between the set targets and the load intervals into the number of associated set targets. Its significance lies in assessing the coverage density of the current backup monitoring device set target combination in each load interval, providing quantitative support for the differentiated design of the activation strategy, and avoiding the use of a high-cost full-load, all-time activation strategy when the overall coverage of the set targets is sufficient.

[0090] It should be noted that the above steps include the following: Case 1: If the average number of associated targets in different load intervals is less than a preset threshold for the number of associated targets, then the activation strategy for the backup monitoring device of the target is to activate the backup monitoring device for all targets in different time periods, thereby determining the acoustic spectrum signal of the switchgear in different load intervals.

[0091] The preset threshold for the number of associated targets refers to the critical value for judging whether the average number of associated targets within the load interval is sufficient. When the overall number of associated targets within each load interval is too small, the activation strategy should expand the activation range as much as possible to make up for the insufficient coverage. Therefore, a conservative strategy of activating all targets at all times is adopted.

[0092] Assuming that the average number of associated targets in each load interval is calculated, if it is lower than the preset threshold for the number of associated targets, then a full-time activation strategy is directly adopted for all targets to maximize the coverage of acoustic spectral feature acquisition.

[0093] This step forces a full-scale activation strategy when the overall number of associated targets is sparse. Its significance lies in ensuring that each load interval can obtain sufficient spectral feature reference data when the distribution density of the set targets is insufficient to support the differentiated activation strategy, thus preventing inaccurate spectral feature construction due to local coverage gaps.

[0094] Additionally, it should be noted that in case 2: if the average number of associated set targets in different load intervals is not less than the preset threshold for the number of associated targets, the load interval with the number of associated set targets not less than the preset threshold for the number of associated targets is taken as the reliable monitoring load interval. It is then determined whether the number of the reliable monitoring load intervals is greater than the preset threshold for the number of reliable load intervals. If so, the activation strategy for the backup monitoring device of the set target is determined to activate the backup monitoring device for all set targets during the target time period. If not, proceed to step S33.

[0095] The reliable monitoring load interval refers to a load interval in which the number of associated targets is not less than a preset threshold for the number of associated targets. Within this load interval, there are a sufficient number of targets for acoustic spectral feature acquisition, and the monitoring coverage resources are sufficient. The target time period is the period in which the number of dates in which the targets have stable existence periods is above a threshold for the number of dates in the first date period.

[0096] If some load intervals are identified as reliable monitoring load intervals, and their number exceeds the preset threshold for the number of reliable load intervals, it indicates that most load intervals have sufficient target coverage for associated settings. In this case, it is sufficient to enable the settings only during the target time period to meet the requirements for constructing acoustic spectrum features, without the need for continuous operation throughout the entire time period.

[0097] This step, by reliably monitoring the number of load intervals, achieves refined compression of the activation period when the overall coverage of the target is sufficient. Its significance lies in limiting the activation range of the backup monitoring device to the target period when the target is operating stably, under the premise that the reliability of the acoustic spectrum feature construction is guaranteed, effectively reducing the equipment operating burden during unnecessary periods.

[0098] S33, based on the deviation load range and the associated setting targets within different load ranges, determine the activation processing strategy for the backup monitoring device of the setting target.

[0099] Furthermore, based on the proportion of the number of deviation load intervals and the average number of associated set targets in different load intervals, the monitoring matching value of the acoustic spectrum signal is determined. It is then determined whether the monitoring matching value of the acoustic spectrum signal is greater than the preset monitoring matching threshold. If so, the activation strategy for the backup monitoring device of the set target is to activate the backup monitoring device for all set targets during the target time period. If not, the backup monitoring device is activated for set targets where the number of stable load intervals is greater than the preset value of the number of load intervals in different time periods, while the backup monitoring device is activated for other set targets during the target time period.

[0100] It should be noted that, in addition to activating the backup monitoring device during the aforementioned time periods, the target is to activate the monitoring device during all time periods, thereby constructing the acoustic spectrum characteristics of the switchgear in different load ranges.

[0101] The monitoring matching value of the acoustic spectrum signal refers to a comprehensive indicator that reflects the overall monitoring capability of the current target combination, which is calculated based on the proportion of the number of deviation load intervals and the average number of targets associated with each load interval. It is determined by the average of the result obtained by 1 - the proportion of the number of deviation load intervals and the average number of targets associated with each load interval. The preset monitoring matching threshold is the critical value for judging whether the monitoring matching value has reached the level at which the target time period activation strategy can be adopted.

[0102] Assuming the number of reliable monitored load intervals does not exceed the preset threshold for the number of reliable load intervals, the monitoring matching value is calculated by combining the proportion of monitored deviation load intervals and the average number of associated set targets. If the monitoring matching value exceeds the preset monitoring matching threshold, all set targets are enabled during the target time period; if it does not exceed the threshold, set targets with a large number of stable load intervals are enabled throughout the time period, while other set targets are enabled only during the target time period.

[0103] This step achieves the final differentiated design of the activation strategy through a comprehensive evaluation of the monitoring matching values. Its significance lies in the fact that, in the case of insufficient reliable monitoring load range, by quantitatively evaluating the overall quality of monitoring coverage, the activation period is expanded for setting targets with strong monitoring capabilities (more stable load ranges) to make up for the overall coverage deficiency, while a more energy-efficient target period activation strategy is adopted for other setting targets, thereby achieving a dynamic balance between monitoring reliability and equipment operating costs.

[0104] There are a total of 8 switchgear units (C1-C8), 5 load zones (L1-L5), and 5 target zones: D1 (corresponding to C1), D2 (corresponding to C5), D3 (corresponding to C6), D4 (corresponding to C7), and D5 (corresponding to C8). Time periods are divided into 24 time periods, T0 to T23 (T0 corresponds to 0:00 to 1:00, T1 to 1:00 to 2:00, and so on, with T23 corresponding to 23:00 to 24:00). System presets include: a first-date quantity percentage threshold of 20%, a preset switchgear quantity threshold of 4, a preset reliable quantity threshold of 3, and a preset deviation load zone quantity threshold of 2.

[0105] Step 1: S31 – Monitoring and Identifying Differential Load Zones: For each load interval, assess whether the percentage of stable dates for each target (D1-D5) within each load interval meets the first date percentage threshold of 20%. Load range L1: D1 accounts for 12%, D2 accounts for 9%, D3 accounts for 8%, D4 accounts for 11%, and D5 accounts for 7%. None of the set targets have reached 20%. L1 is marked as the monitoring deviation load range.

[0106] Load range L2: D1 accounts for 35% (satisfied), D2 accounts for 28% (satisfied), D3 accounts for 42% (satisfied), D4 accounts for 25% (satisfied), D5 accounts for 18% (not satisfied); if there are target settings that meet the conditions, L2 will not be used as the monitoring deviation load range.

[0107] Load range L3: D1 accounts for 45%, D2 accounts for 38%, D3 accounts for 50%, D4 accounts for 33%, and D5 accounts for 29%; all of them have set targets that meet the conditions, so L3 is not used as a monitoring deviation load range.

[0108] Load range L4: D1 accounts for 22%, D2 accounts for 31%, D3 accounts for 27%, D4 accounts for 35%, and D5 accounts for 24%; all of them have set targets that meet the conditions, so L4 is not used as a monitoring deviation load range.

[0109] Load range L5: D1 accounts for 15%, D2 accounts for 10%, D3 accounts for 13%, D4 accounts for 8%, and D5 accounts for 6%; none of the set targets have reached 20%; L5 is marked as the monitoring deviation load range.

[0110] The monitored deviation load intervals are L1 and L5, a total of 2. Determine whether the number of monitored deviation load intervals (2) is greater than the preset deviation load interval number threshold (2): Since 2 is not greater than 2, the condition is not met, and proceed to step S32.

[0111] Step 2: S32 Case 1 – Determining the Target for Association Settings and Judging the Reliable Monitoring Load Range: For each of L2, L3, and L4, the target number of associated settings is counted to determine whether the preset threshold of 4 switchgear units has been reached. Load interval L2: D1, D2, D3, and D4 meet the requirements, and the number of associated targets is set to 4, which is equal to the threshold of 4. L2 is determined as a reliable monitoring load interval.

[0112] Load interval L3: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 all meet the requirements, and the number of associated target settings is 5, which is greater than the threshold of 4. Therefore, L3 is determined as a reliable monitoring load interval.

[0113] Load interval L4: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 all meet the requirements, and the number of associated target settings is 5, which is greater than the threshold of 4. Therefore, L4 is determined as a reliable monitoring load interval.

[0114] The reliable monitoring load intervals are L2, L3, and L4, a total of 3.

[0115] Step 3: Determining S32 Case 2 and Case 3 – Determining the Activation Strategy: Determine whether the number of reliable monitoring load intervals (3) meets the preset reliable number threshold (2): 3 is greater than 3, meets the requirement, execute status 2, and determine the refined time period activation strategy.

[0116] If the number of reliable monitoring load intervals does not meet the preset reliable number threshold (Scenario 3 path), then the backup monitoring device will be turned on for all set targets during the 24 time periods from T0 to T23; in this scenario, the reliable number meets the threshold, so Scenario 3 will not be executed.

[0117] Step 4: S32 Case 2 – Determining the Activation Time Period for Each Target: For each target setting, the percentage of stable dates in each of the 24 time periods (T0-T23) is calculated. The time periods with a percentage of 20% or higher are designated as activation periods, and the corresponding backup monitoring devices are activated during these periods on all subsequent dates. The statistical results of the percentage of D1 (corresponding to C1) in each time period are as follows: T8 accounts for 35%, T9 accounts for 42%, T10 accounts for 38%, T14 accounts for 28%, and T15 accounts for 31%, all reaching 20%; the remaining time periods do not reach 20%. The activation time periods for D1 are determined to be T8, T9, T10, T14, and T15, a total of 5 time periods. The backup monitoring device corresponding to D1 is activated during the above time periods on all dates.

[0118] The statistical results of the percentage of D2 (corresponding to C5) in each time period are as follows: T9 accounts for 32%, T10 accounts for 27%, and T13 accounts for 24%, all reaching 20%; the remaining time periods do not reach 20%. It is determined that the activation time periods of D2 are T9, T10, and T13, a total of 3 time periods. The backup monitoring device corresponding to D2 is activated during the above time periods on all dates.

[0119] The statistical results of the percentage of D3 (corresponding to C6) in each time period are as follows: T8 accounts for 38%, T9 accounts for 45%, T15 accounts for 29%, and T16 accounts for 22%, all reaching 20%; the remaining time periods do not reach 20%. It is determined that the activation time periods of D3 are T8, T9, T15, and T16, a total of 4 time periods. The backup monitoring device corresponding to D3 is activated during the above time periods on all dates.

[0120] This embodiment, through steps S31 to S33, systematically determines the activation strategy for the backup monitoring device. Its core value lies in three aspects: First, by conducting a preliminary analysis of the overall coverage of the target load range, it quickly identifies monitoring blind spots that the target cannot effectively cover. Second, by using a hierarchical judgment that correlates the average number of target settings with the number of reliable monitoring load ranges, it achieves gradient optimization of the activation strategy from all time periods to target time periods. Third, by finely determining the target time periods for each target, it precisely limits the activation range of the backup monitoring device to the time period with the highest reliability of acoustic spectral feature acquisition, maximizing equipment operating efficiency while ensuring monitoring quality.

[0121] It should be noted that, in addition to activating the backup monitoring device during the aforementioned time periods, the target is to activate the monitoring device during all time periods, thereby constructing the acoustic spectrum characteristics of the switchgear in different load ranges.

[0122] Furthermore, the environmental interference data is determined based on the environmental noise data from the acoustic spectrum monitoring data during the specified time period.

[0123] Furthermore, the method for determining the monitoring, analysis, and processing method for the switchgear is as follows: In this embodiment, based on the distribution data of interference risk periods and the overlap between interference risk periods and backup monitoring devices, the degree of influence of interference risk periods on the reliable construction of acoustic spectrum features of the target is determined. Using the degree of influence, the monitoring and analysis processing method for the switchgear excluding the target is determined, which ensures the efficiency of acoustic spectrum feature construction and processing, and also avoids monitoring and analysis processing during periods with high interference risk.

[0124] S41, using environmental interference data at different time periods, determine the distribution data of interference times in the time period, and using the distribution data of interference times, determine the interference risk period in the time period; The environmental interference data is determined based on the environmental noise data from the acoustic spectrum monitoring data during the specified time period; the interference time refers to the moment when the amplitude of the environmental interference signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold; the interference risk period refers to the period when the daily average number of interference times during the monitoring time is greater than a preset number percentage threshold, that is, the frequency of environmental noise interference is high during this period and the effectiveness of acoustic spectrum feature acquisition is low.

[0125] Assume the system analyzes the acoustic spectrum monitoring data for each time period, calculates the daily average percentage of interference times in each time period, marks the time periods with a daily average percentage exceeding a preset percentage threshold as interference risk periods, and records the total number of interference risk periods and their percentage in all time periods.

[0126] This step identifies high-risk periods of interference by statistically analyzing the distribution patterns of interference times. Its significance lies in clarifying which periods of the acoustic spectrum monitoring are more affected by environmental noise interference. This provides accurate input information for subsequent judgments on whether monitoring and analysis should still be carried out during high-risk periods of interference, ensuring that the selection of monitoring and analysis periods takes into account both the quality of acoustic spectrum feature acquisition and the need for interference avoidance.

[0127] S42, by utilizing the correlation between the interference risk period and the activation period of different target settings, determine the proportion of interference risk periods in the activation period of the backup monitoring device of the target settings; The impact coefficient of the target setting refers to the proportion of the number of time periods with interference risk during the operation of the backup monitoring device of a target setting to the total number of time periods during which the target setting is operated; the higher the impact coefficient, the higher the frequency of environmental interference to the backup monitoring device of the target setting during its operation period, and the greater the risk of interference to the quality of acoustic spectrum feature acquisition.

[0128] Assuming the target time range of each set target and all interference risk time periods identified by the system are known, the proportion of each set target falling into the interference risk time period during its activation period is calculated to obtain the influence coefficient of each set target, and then compared with the preset influence coefficient threshold.

[0129] This step maps environmental interference risk information to the operating time of each target. Its significance lies in accurately identifying the targets that are more affected by environmental interference during the operating time, providing a quantitative basis for subsequent judgment on whether monitoring and analysis of the switchgear is necessary during the interference risk period.

[0130] S43 determines the monitoring and analysis processing method for the switchgear based on the proportion of interference risk periods in the time period and the proportion of interference risk periods in the time period when the backup monitoring device for the target is turned on.

[0131] The reliable setting target refers to the setting target that is turned on in all time periods, that is, the setting target that adopts the all-time turn-on strategy, and its acoustic spectrum feature collection coverage is the most comprehensive; the preset reliable setting target quantity threshold refers to the critical value for judging whether the number of setting targets that are turned on in all time periods is sufficient to support monitoring and analysis without the need for interference risk periods.

[0132] Assuming that the proportion of time periods with interference risk, the interference impact coefficient of the set targets, and the number of reliable set targets that are turned on at all times need to be comprehensively considered, the monitoring and analysis of switch cabinets other than the set targets should be determined layer by layer under what time periods and conditions, so as to maximize the overall quality and efficiency of the acoustic spectrum feature construction.

[0133] This step integrates the time period distribution of interference risks with the interference situation during the opening period of the target. Its significance lies in determining, through multi-level judgment logic, whether switchgear other than the target needs to be monitored and analyzed during the interference risk period. Under the premise of ensuring the integrity of the acoustic spectrum feature construction, it effectively avoids the negative impact of high interference risk periods on the monitoring and analysis quality.

[0134] S431, obtain the percentage of the number of interference risk periods in the time period, and determine whether the percentage of the number of interference risk periods in the time period is greater than a preset percentage threshold. If yes, determine that the monitoring and analysis processing method of the switch cabinet is to perform monitoring and analysis processing in all interference risk periods, so as to quickly construct the acoustic spectrum characteristics of different switch cabinets under different load ranges. If no, proceed to step S432. The percentage of interference risk periods refers to the proportion of interference risk periods to the total number of monitoring periods. When this percentage is high, it indicates that interference risks are widely distributed in most periods. If all interference risk periods are avoided, the coverage of monitoring and analysis will be severely affected. In this case, monitoring and analysis will still be carried out in the interference risk periods to ensure the integrity of the time period for constructing the acoustic spectrum features.

[0135] If we count the number of interference risk periods in all monitoring periods and calculate their proportion, and if it exceeds the preset proportion threshold, it means that the interference risk periods are too widely distributed and cannot be effectively avoided. In this case, we must continue to monitor and analyze the interference risk periods to maintain the continuity of the acoustic spectrum feature construction.

[0136] This step uses the overall proportion of interference risk periods as the first-level judgment criterion. Its significance lies in the fact that when the distribution density of interference risk periods exceeds the avoidable range, continuing to perform monitoring and analysis processing is a necessary choice to maintain the integrity of the time period coverage of the acoustic spectrum feature construction, and to avoid the monitoring and analysis processing periods becoming too sparse due to excessive avoidance of interference risks.

[0137] S432, determine the influence coefficient of the setting target by the proportion of the interference risk period in the turn-on period of the backup monitoring device with different setting targets, and determine whether there is a setting target with an influence coefficient greater than the preset influence coefficient threshold. If so, determine that the monitoring and analysis processing method of the switch cabinet is to perform monitoring and analysis processing in all interference risk periods, so as to quickly construct the acoustic spectrum characteristics of different switch cabinets under different load ranges. If not, proceed to step S433. The influence coefficient refers to the proportion of the period during which the backup monitoring device of a certain target is turned on that is a period of interference risk. The higher the coefficient, the deeper the interference risk penetrates the target during its turn-on period, and the fewer the effective period for acoustic spectrum feature acquisition. When there is a target with an excessively high influence coefficient, its acoustic spectrum feature acquisition capability is severely interfered with, and it is necessary to make up for the lack of effective acquisition period by monitoring and analyzing during the interference risk period.

[0138] Assuming that the influence coefficient of each set target is calculated separately, if the influence coefficient of at least one set target exceeds the preset influence coefficient threshold, it indicates that the effective time period for collecting the acoustic spectrum features of that set target is severely limited. By monitoring and analyzing during the interference risk period, the acoustic spectrum features of each load interval can be constructed as soon as possible, avoiding the feature construction cycle being too long due to too few effective collection periods.

[0139] This step identifies the scenario where interference risk has the greatest impact on the target acquisition capability by judging the target impact coefficient. Its significance lies in the fact that when the effective opening period of the target is greatly compressed due to interference risk, it can actively continue monitoring and analysis during the interference risk period, which can effectively accelerate the accumulation and construction of acoustic spectrum features and ensure that the establishment of the acoustic spectrum feature library is not seriously delayed due to interference factors.

[0140] S433 will use the setting target that is turned on in all time periods as the reliable setting target, and determine whether the number of the reliable setting targets is greater than the preset reliable setting target number threshold. If yes, it is determined that the monitoring and analysis processing method of the switch cabinet is that no monitoring and analysis processing is required during the interference risk period. If no, it is determined that the monitoring and analysis processing method of the switch cabinet is to perform monitoring and analysis processing if the interference risk period belongs to the target period of the switch cabinet, and no monitoring and analysis processing is required in other cases.

[0141] The reliable target setting refers to a target setting that adopts an all-time activation strategy. Its acoustic spectrum feature acquisition is not limited by time period and continues to collect data during the interference risk period, providing the most comprehensive acoustic spectrum reference. When there are enough reliable targets setting, there are also sufficient backup acquisition resources to support the interference risk period, without the need for additional monitoring and analysis processing of other switchgear during the interference risk period. When there are not enough reliable targets setting, the decision to perform monitoring and analysis processing is made by determining whether the interference risk period belongs to the target period of the switchgear, so as to achieve localized and precise supplementation.

[0142] Assuming the number of target devices using the all-time on strategy is counted, if it exceeds the preset threshold for the number of reliable target devices, it means that there are already sufficient target devices continuously providing acoustic spectrum acquisition support during the interference risk period, and other switchgear does not need to be monitored and analyzed during the interference risk period. If it is insufficient, it is further determined whether the interference risk period belongs to the target period of the switchgear. If it is, monitoring and analysis are performed; otherwise, no monitoring or analysis is performed, thereby achieving targeted local supplementation.

[0143] This step, through the final determination of the number of target settings, achieves a refined design of the monitoring, analysis, and processing method during interference risk periods. Its significance lies in the fact that when there are sufficient target resources for all-time operation, there is no need to perform additional monitoring, analysis, and processing on other switchgear during interference risk periods. When resources for all-time operation are limited, local and precise supplementation can be achieved through matching judgment of target periods. This avoids ineffective monitoring of switchgear during non-target periods and ensures the time period integrity of the overall acoustic spectrum feature construction.

[0144] Furthermore, the switch cabinet is a switch cabinet excluding the set target.

[0145] Furthermore, the interference time is the moment when the amplitude of the environmental interference signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold.

[0146] Furthermore, the interference risk period in the time period refers to the period in which the average daily number of interference moments during the monitoring time is greater than a preset threshold.

[0147] Basic settings: Following the previous settings, there are a total of 8 switchgear units (C1-C8), and 5 target units D1-D5 corresponding to C1, C5, C6, C7, and C8 respectively. Time periods are divided into 24 time periods, T0-T23, based on 1-hour units. Excluding the target units, there are 3 switchgear units: C2, C3, and C4.

[0148] Step 1: S41 – Identification of Interference Risk Periods: The system analyzes the acoustic spectrum monitoring data for each time period, counts the number of times the environmental interference signal amplitude is greater than 60dB in each time period, and calculates the daily average percentage of interference times. The interference risk periods are T6, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, and T15, with interference times accounting for more than 30%, totaling 9 periods.

[0149] Step 2: S431 – Determining the percentage of periods with interference risk: The percentage of periods with interference risk is calculated as follows: Percentage of periods with interference risk = Number of periods with interference risk ÷ Total number of periods = 9 ÷ 24 = 0.375 = 37.5% Determine whether the percentage of the number of interference risk periods (37.5%) is greater than the preset percentage threshold (50%): 37.5% < 50%, the condition is not met, do not execute "monitoring and analysis processing in all interference risk periods", and proceed to step S432.

[0150] (S431 is a supplementary demonstration of the path) If the interference risk period is 14 periods from T4 to T17, then the percentage = 14 ÷ 24 ≈ 58.3% > 50%, the condition is met, and it is determined that the switch cabinets (C2, C3, C4) excluding the set target will be monitored and analyzed during the interference risk period.

[0151] Step 3: S432 – Setting the target influence coefficient for judgment: Calculate the impact coefficient of each set target (the proportion of the period during which interference risk occurs within the activation period): D1 activation periods: T8, T9, T10, T14, T15 (5 in total). Within the D1 activation periods, the following are considered interference risk periods: T8, T9, T10, T14, T15 (all 5). The impact coefficients are: D1 = 5 ÷ 5 = 1.00; D2 = 3 ÷ 3 = 1.00; D3 = 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75; D4 = 3 ÷ 3 = 1.00; D5 = 2 ÷ 2 = 1.00. The system determines if there are any targets with impact coefficients greater than the preset threshold (0.60): D1 impact coefficient 1.00 > 0.60, the condition is met. Therefore, all switchgear (C2, C3, C4) excluding the target switchgear are monitored and analyzed during the interference risk periods.

[0152] Example 2 Secondly, such as Figure 3 As shown, this application provides a switchgear operation monitoring system, which employs the aforementioned switchgear operation monitoring method, specifically including: Configure the target recognition module, enable the evaluation module, and the monitoring and analysis module; The target identification module is responsible for determining the identification strategy for the target of the backup monitoring device in the switch cabinet. The activation evaluation module is responsible for determining the activation processing strategy for the backup monitoring device of the set target; The monitoring and analysis module is responsible for determining the monitoring, analysis, and processing methods for the switchgear.

[0153] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the embodiments of apparatus, devices, and non-volatile computer storage media are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0154] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.

[0155] The above description is merely one or more embodiments of this specification and is not intended to limit this specification. Various modifications and variations can be made to the one or more embodiments of this specification by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of one or more embodiments of this specification should be included within the scope of the claims of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the operation of a switchgear, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: By utilizing the monitoring data of switchgear, the similarity of the operating load between different switchgear is determined. In conjunction with the switchgear data, when it is necessary to set up a backup monitoring device, the identification strategy for setting up the backup monitoring device in the switchgear is determined based on the associated switchgear in different load ranges and the operating data of the switchgear in different load ranges. The activation strategy for the backup monitoring device of the set target is determined by utilizing the correlation between the stable load intervals of the set targets and the load intervals of set targets that do not belong to the stable load intervals. Based on the aforementioned activation processing strategy, acoustic spectrum monitoring data is determined for different time periods. Based on the acoustic spectrum monitoring data, environmental interference data for different time periods is determined. Combining the correlation between the time periods and the activation time periods of different set targets, the monitoring, analysis, and processing method for the switchgear is determined.

2. The switchgear operation monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring data of the switchgear includes the operating time of the switchgear in different load ranges.

3. The switchgear operation monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The similarity of the operating loads of the switchgear is determined based on the overlap of the associated load ranges of the switchgear.

4. The switchgear operation monitoring method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The associated load range is the load range whose runtime percentage is above the first runtime percentage threshold.

5. The switchgear operation monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The need to configure backup monitoring devices has been identified, and this includes: Based on the similarity of the operating loads between different switchgear cabinets, the overlap of the associated load ranges between different switchgear cabinets is determined; Based on the overlap, identify the switchgear that belongs to the associated load range in different load ranges and designate it as the associated switchgear. Based on the switchgear data and the associated switchgear in different load ranges, it is determined whether a backup monitoring device needs to be set up.

6. The switchgear operation monitoring method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the switchgear data and the associated switchgear in different load ranges, determine whether backup monitoring device setup is required, specifically including: Based on the switch cabinet data, the number of switch cabinets is determined. If the number of switch cabinets is less than a preset switch cabinet number threshold, then a backup monitoring device must be set up.

7. The switchgear operation monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental interference data is determined based on the environmental noise data from the acoustic spectrum monitoring data during the specified time period.

8. The switchgear operation monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the monitoring, analysis, and processing method for the switchgear is as follows: Using environmental interference data at different time periods, the distribution data of interference times in the time period is determined, and the interference risk periods in the time period are determined using the distribution data of interference times; By utilizing the correlation between the interference risk periods and the activation periods of different target devices, the proportion of interference risk periods in the activation periods of the backup monitoring devices of the target devices is determined. The monitoring, analysis and processing method for the switchgear is determined based on the proportion of interference risk periods in the time period and the proportion of interference risk periods in the time period when the backup monitoring device for the target is turned on.

9. The switchgear operation monitoring method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The monitoring and analysis processing method for the switchgear is determined based on the interference risk period within the specified time period and the activation period of the backup monitoring device for the target, specifically including: If the percentage of interference risk periods in the specified time period is obtained, and the percentage of interference risk periods in the specified time period is greater than a preset percentage threshold, then the monitoring and analysis processing method for the switchgear is determined to be to perform monitoring and analysis processing in all interference risk periods, so as to quickly construct the acoustic spectrum characteristics of different switchgear under different load ranges.

10. A switchgear operation monitoring system, employing the switchgear operation monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: Configure the target recognition module, enable the evaluation module, and the monitoring and analysis module; The target identification module is responsible for determining the identification strategy for the target of the backup monitoring device in the switch cabinet. The activation evaluation module is responsible for determining the activation processing strategy for the backup monitoring device of the set target; The monitoring and analysis module is responsible for determining the monitoring, analysis, and processing methods for the switchgear.

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