A secondary circuit photoelectric fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a secondary circuit photoelectric fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system and method, relates to the technical field of transformer operation and maintenance, and adopts a master-slave dual-end cooperative architecture, comprises a master, a slave, and a shared core layer, a medium front end layer and a diagnosis layer integrated in the system; the master is arranged at one end of a measured link and serves as an injection, scheduling, measurement and decision center; the slave is arranged at the other end of the measured link and serves as a remote identification, backhaul and on-site prompt terminal; the shared core layer realizes unified clock synchronization, spread spectrum sequence generation, path routing control and digital signal processing, the medium front end layer is divided into a cable front end and an optical fiber front end, the cable front end is used for signal injection and response extraction of a secondary cable loop, the optical fiber front end is used for optical signal modulation emission and detection reception of an optical fiber link, and the diagnosis layer realizes topology identification and fault diagnosis based on signal characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of substation operation and maintenance technology, and in particular to a secondary circuit optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In intelligent substations, power plants, and industrial control systems, secondary cable loops and communication fiber optic links are numerous, have complex interfaces, and are subject to strong on-site interference. During the laying, technical upgrade, maintenance, and commissioning verification phases, it is typically necessary to complete tasks such as core matching, fiber matching, topology confirmation, and fault diagnosis. Existing solutions often employ multimeter continuity testing and manual verification for secondary cable identification; fiber optic identification often uses red light pens or manual fiber patching for verification.

[0003] The above-mentioned solutions generally have the following shortcomings: First, they rely heavily on manual announcements, on / off coordination, or intercom synchronization, which is inefficient and prone to errors. Second, cable identification equipment and fiber optic identification equipment are disconnected, often requiring two or more sets of instruments to be carried on-site. Third, most can only complete point-like identification of "whether this one corresponds to that one," making it difficult to automatically output a full topology mapping table. Fourth, the identification results are disconnected from fault diagnosis, making it difficult to further determine whether there is a broken wire, incorrect connection, cross-connection, poor contact, abnormal attenuation, or abnormal return loss. Fifth, in environments with strong power frequency background, electromagnetic coupling, induced crosstalk, and complex grounding, the robustness of traditional single-frequency point, single-level, or single-resistance methods is limited.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a unified method and system that is compatible with both secondary cables and fiber optic links, explicitly adopts a master-slave dual-end collaborative working mode, and can output topology identification results and fault diagnosis conclusions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a system and method for optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis of secondary circuits, which solves the technical problem of unreasonable existing secondary circuit maintenance strategies.

[0006] On one hand, this invention provides a secondary loop optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system, which adopts a master-slave dual-end collaborative architecture, including a master unit, a slave unit, and a shared core layer, a media front-end layer, and a diagnostic layer integrated within the system. The master unit is located at one end of the link under test and serves as the injection, scheduling, measurement, and decision center. The slave unit is located at the other end of the link under test and serves as a remote identification, feedback, and on-site prompting terminal. The shared core layer realizes unified clock synchronization, spread spectrum sequence generation, channel routing control, and digital signal processing. The media front-end layer is divided into a cable front-end and an optical fiber front-end. The cable front-end is used for signal injection and response extraction of the secondary cable loop, and the optical fiber front-end is used for optical signal modulation transmission and detection reception of the optical fiber link. The diagnostic layer realizes topology identification and fault diagnosis based on signal characteristics.

[0007] In one implementation of the present invention, the shared core layer includes a synchronous clock module, a code sequence generator, a multi-channel distributor, an adaptive filter / notch filter, a digital correlation decoder, and a topology mapping engine; the code sequence generator is used to generate a low cross-correlation spread spectrum sequence, the adaptive filter / notch filter is used to suppress power frequency fundamental and harmonic interference, and the digital correlation decoder and topology mapping engine generate a channel mapping matrix through sliding cross-correlation operation.

[0008] In one implementation of the present invention, the cable front end includes a safety voltage and current limiting injection and isolation module and a surge protection and differential high-impedance sampling module; the safety voltage and current limiting injection and isolation module realizes signal voltage and current limiting and ground potential isolation, and the surge protection and differential high-impedance sampling module is used to realize surge protection and weak response signal extraction.

[0009] In one implementation of the present invention, the optical fiber front end includes a laser modulation and emission module, a detection and receiving module, and a passive reflection terminal; the laser modulation and emission module modulates the spread spectrum sequence onto the optical carrier, the detection and receiving module realizes photoelectric conversion, and the passive reflection terminal supports single-end identification of optical fiber and echo feature analysis.

[0010] In one implementation of the present invention, the diagnostic layer extracts relevant peak values, peak widths, arrival delays, and crosstalk peak distribution characteristic parameters, and combines them with an adaptive threshold algorithm to achieve fault identification, outputting diagnostic results for open circuits, incorrect connections, short circuits, poor contact, and abnormal fiber optic attenuation. The multidimensional diagnostic feature module is the hardware carrier unit of the diagnostic layer, used to extract multidimensional diagnostic features using the cross-correlation function output by the digital correlation decoder, to achieve channel identification and fault-assisted judgment; the discrete-domain calculation formula of the sliding cross-correlation function Ri(τ) can be expressed as:

[0011] Where x(n) is the received signal sequence, c i (n) represents the local reference spreading sequence assigned to the i-th channel, where N is the sequence length. This represents the sliding delay.

[0012] In one implementation of the present invention, the host includes a code sequence or feature signal generation module, a channel scanning / allocation module, a media adaptation front end, a voltage / frequency / light intensity sampling module, a multi-dimensional diagnostic feature module, a human-computer interaction module, and a data storage module.

[0013] In one implementation of the present invention, the slave device includes a remote access terminal module, an encoding or backhaul module, a reception discrimination module, a status indication module, and a low-power control module.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis of secondary circuits, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Establish the resource table for the channel under test, and generate and allocate low cross-correlation spread spectrum sequence code groups; Step S2: Construct a routing matrix using a multi-channel distributor and send the sequence to the electrical injection module at the cable front end or the optical modulation module at the fiber front end; Step S3: Acquire the response of electrical or optical signals and digitize it using an analog-to-digital converter; Step S4: Perform power frequency suppression, band-limiting, gain normalization, and clock synchronization sequentially on the discrete sampled data; Step S5: Perform sliding cross-correlation calculations between the preprocessed signal and each reference code; Step S6: Restore the topology mapping relationship according to the maximum peak value principle, the main peak to sub-peak ratio threshold and the multi-peak co-occurrence rule, and output the fault diagnosis results and detection report according to the relevant feature parameters and topology structure.

[0015] In one implementation of the present invention, the low cross-correlation spreading sequence in step S1 is a Kasami code, a Gold code, an m-sequence, or a combination thereof.

[0016] In one implementation of the present invention, the fault diagnosis result in step S6 includes the judgment conclusions of normal correspondence, open circuit, incorrect connection, short circuit or series connection, poor contact, and optical fiber abnormality.

[0017] The present invention provides a method and system for secondary circuit optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention adopts a master-slave dual-end collaborative architecture to create a unified optoelectronic testing platform. One set of equipment is compatible with the testing of secondary cables and optical fiber links, which completely solves the problem of the fragmentation between traditional cable and optical fiber testing equipment, greatly reduces the types of instruments carried on site, simplifies the configuration of operation and maintenance equipment, and reduces the cost of on-site operation and equipment management.

[0018] 2. This invention breaks through the limitations of traditional point-to-point identification and can automatically complete the full topology mapping relationship recovery of multi-core cables and multi-fiber bundles and output the topology table, replacing the manual point-by-point verification mode, significantly improving the integrity, efficiency and accuracy of complex secondary circuit topology identification, and is suitable for large-scale link verification scenarios.

[0019] 3. This invention integrates topology identification and fault diagnosis. Based on features such as relevant peak values, delay, and crosstalk peaks, it accurately identifies faults such as open circuits, incorrect connections, short circuits, poor contact, and abnormal fiber attenuation, and automatically outputs diagnostic conclusions. This solves the problem of disconnect between identification and diagnosis and provides a reliable basis for operation and maintenance.

[0020] 4. This invention is equipped with adaptive noise suppression and spread spectrum decoding technology, which can still work stably in complex field environments such as strong power frequency and electromagnetic crosstalk. The slave device supports local status prompts, supports single-person inspection and blind testing operations, eliminates the dependence on two-end manual cooperation, and greatly improves field operation efficiency and anti-interference robustness. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This invention provides an overall architecture diagram of a secondary loop optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system. Figure 2 A flowchart of a secondary circuit optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] This invention provides a system and method for secondary circuit optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis. The technical solutions proposed in this invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 This is a general architecture diagram of a secondary loop optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the system of this invention adopts a master-slave dual-end collaborative architecture, which is divided into three layers in terms of hardware topology and logical architecture: a shared core layer, a media front-end layer, and a diagnostic layer. The master-slave dual-end collaborative architecture includes a master unit located at one end of the link under test, a slave unit located at the other end of the link under test, and a secondary cable or optical fiber link under test used to connect the two. The master unit serves as the injection, scheduling, measurement, and decision center; the slave unit serves as the remote identification, feedback, and field prompting terminal. The master unit and slave unit can establish an identification link through the medium under test itself, or they can establish an auxiliary collaborative relationship through a preset common return path, a reflection terminal, or an independent low-speed synchronization channel.

[0024] The host unit includes at least: a code sequence or feature signal generation module, a channel scanning / allocation module, a media adapter front-end, a voltage / frequency / light intensity sampling module, a multi-dimensional diagnostic feature module, a human-machine interaction module, and a data storage module; the slave unit includes at least: a media adapter front-end, an encoding or return module, a receiving discrimination module, a status indication module, and a low-power control module.

[0025] The working relationship between the master and slave is not simply one end sending and the other end passively receiving, but rather a division of labor and cooperation according to a preset process: the master is responsible for applying characteristic signals to the candidate channels one by one in sequence and collecting feedback, while the slave is responsible for establishing unique identification conditions for different core wires or fiber cores under test at the remote end, completing local discrimination or executing feedback response, thereby forming a two-end mapping relationship that can be automatically solved.

[0026] (1) Shared core layer The shared core layer is preferably implemented using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and a digital signal processor (DSP) in collaboration to complete unified clock synchronization, spread spectrum sequence generation, channel routing control, digital signal processing, correlation decoding, and topology mapping.

[0027] Synchronous clock module: Provides a highly stable, low-jitter global clock from the same source, ensuring timing consistency and phase alignment under long-window correlation integration conditions.

[0028] Code sequence generator: Based on a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) or an equivalent digital sequence generation structure, it generates multiple sets of low cross-correlation spread spectrum sequences in parallel. The spread spectrum sequences are preferably Kasami codes, Gold codes, m-sequences, or combinations thereof.

[0029] Multichannel distributor: forms a high-speed digital routing matrix, which distributes different characteristic code streams to the electrical or optical front end under system control.

[0030] Adaptive filter / notch filter: suppresses the fundamental frequency and harmonics of the discrete sampled data at the receiving end. The filter can be implemented by variable step size LMS, adaptive notch filter, comb filter or a combination thereof.

[0031] Digital correlation decoder and topology mapping engine: Perform cross-correlation integration on the preprocessed received sequence to extract feature parameters such as correlation peak, peak position and peak width, and generate channel mapping relationship matrix accordingly.

[0032] (2) Dielectric front-end layer The media front-end layer is further divided into cable front-end and optical fiber front-end.

[0033] The cable front end is used to achieve secure injection, isolation coupling, and weak response extraction of characteristic sequences for secondary cables and metal conductor circuits.

[0034] Safety voltage and current limiting injection and isolation module: limits the voltage, current and ground potential of the injected signal, preferably including a self-resetting fuse, an overvoltage clamping network and an isolation drive unit; the isolation drive unit can be a high-speed optocoupler, a digital isolator, an isolation amplifier or a combination thereof, to drive the differential injection signal to be coupled to the circuit under test.

[0035] Surge protection and differential high-impedance sampling module: Provides surge protection for the receiver input and extracts weak response signals. Preferably includes a gas discharge tube, a transient suppression diode array, an instrumentation amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter. The input impedance is preferably not less than 1MΩ, and more preferably not less than 10MΩ, to reduce disturbance to the secondary circuit under test.

[0036] The fiber optic front end is used to enable the modulation, transmission, return, and reception of spread spectrum sequences in the fiber optic link, as well as the detection of link characteristics.

[0037] Laser modulation and emission module: modulates a low cross-correlation spread spectrum sequence onto an optical carrier and injects it into the fiber optic link under test. The modulation method can be intensity modulation, pulse modulation, pulse width modulation, or a combination thereof.

[0038] Detection and reception with optional reflection terminal: Receives transmitted light signals or echo signals and performs photoelectric conversion, preferably using PIN photodiodes or avalanche photodiodes (APDs) combined with transimpedance amplifiers; the system can also be configured with passive reflection tags, delay tags, or preset reflection terminals to support single-ended or quasi-single-ended fiber identification and echo characteristic analysis.

[0039] (3) Diagnostic layer The diagnostic layer utilizes the cross-correlation function output by the digital correlation decoder to extract multidimensional diagnostic features, thereby achieving channel identification and fault-assisted judgment; the discrete-domain calculation formula of the sliding cross-correlation function Ri(τ) can be expressed as:

[0040] Where x(n) is the received signal sequence, c i (n) represents the local reference spreading sequence assigned to the i-th channel, where N is the sequence length. This represents the sliding delay.

[0041] Relevant peak values: used to characterize the coupling strength or transmission attenuation level of the target channel, and combined with transmit power, link calibration parameters and receive gain to estimate connector resistance variation, cable-added loss or fiber optic link attenuation.

[0042] Peak bandwidth: used to characterize link bandwidth limitation, enhanced distributed parameters, reflection spread or multipath / dispersion effects, thereby helping to determine the impact of cable distributed capacitance, local anomalies in optical links or degradation of transmission quality.

[0043] Arrival delay: Used to estimate propagation delay based on the main peak offset, and combined with the calibrated propagation speed to provide auxiliary estimation of line length, abnormal branch location, or breakpoint location.

[0044] Crosstalk peak distribution: used to extract the secondary peak distribution of non-target channels. When the secondary peak rises abnormally, it indicates the presence of abnormal coupling, enhanced crosstalk, insulation degradation, or leakage path formation.

[0045] Threshold adaptive judgment: The background noise is dynamically estimated and the decision threshold is adjusted by using the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm or the equivalent adaptive threshold algorithm. When the feature parameter exceeds the limit, the fault criterion library is called to output the corresponding hidden danger type.

[0046] (4) Key Criteria Normal correspondence criteria: The host's current channel corresponds to only one unique identification result, and the frequency deviation, resistance deviation, time delay deviation or related peak values ​​all fall within the allowable range; Disconnection criteria: The slave device does not have a valid detection result after the host sends the data, or the host detects an open circuit, loss of echo, or a related peak value below the threshold. Incorrect connection criterion: The identification result of the current channel of the host corresponds to an unexpected remote number; Criteria for short-circuiting or cascading: Multiple remote channels respond simultaneously under the same transmission action, or multiple significant characteristic peaks are measured on the same channel; Criteria for poor contact: The signal voltage measured by the slave device is significantly lower than the calibrated threshold, or the characteristic value fluctuates too much during continuous sampling; Fiber optic anomaly criteria: Transmitted light intensity below the threshold is judged as abnormal attenuation, and abnormal drift of echo peak position is judged as path change or misconnection.

[0047] The above describes a secondary circuit optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a secondary circuit optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis method. Figure 2 A flowchart of a secondary circuit optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the method mainly includes: Step S1: Establish the resource table for the channel under test, and generate and allocate low cross-correlation spread spectrum sequence code groups; Step S2: Construct a routing matrix using a multi-channel distributor and send the sequence to the electrical injection module at the cable front end or the optical modulation module at the fiber front end; Step S3: Acquire the response of electrical or optical signals and digitize it using an analog-to-digital converter; Step S4: Perform power frequency suppression, band-limiting, gain normalization, and clock synchronization sequentially on the discrete sampled data; Step S5: Perform sliding cross-correlation calculations between the preprocessed signal and each reference code; Step S6: Restore the topology mapping relationship according to the maximum peak value principle, the main peak to sub-peak ratio threshold and the multi-peak co-occurrence rule, and output the fault diagnosis results and detection report according to the relevant feature parameters and topology structure.

[0048] In this invention, the low cross-correlation spreading sequence in step S1 is a Kasami code, a Gold code, an m-sequence, or a combination thereof.

[0049] In this invention, the fault diagnosis results in step S6 include the judgment conclusions of normal correspondence, broken wire, incorrect connection, short circuit or series connection, poor contact, and optical fiber abnormality.

[0050] The following are specific examples of embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1: Secondary Cable Topology Identification Example This embodiment provides a topology identification method for multi-core loops in secondary cables. Each core wire at the near end of the secondary cable under test is connected to the input of the transmitting-side scanning matrix, while the far end constructs an observable response path through a reference end, a common loop end, a coupling detection end, or other equivalent detection structures. The main control unit, according to a preset scheduling strategy, sequentially applies a uniquely identified excitation signal to each candidate core wire in a time-division manner. The excitation signal is preferably a spread spectrum sequence with low cross-correlation, a pseudo-random code sequence, an orthogonal approximation code sequence, or other distinguishable broadband identification signal to improve anti-aliasing and anti-interference capabilities under multi-channel identification conditions.

[0052] The receiving side performs analog-to-digital conversion on the response signal transmitted through the circuit under test, and sequentially performs power frequency interference suppression, band-limited filtering, baseline correction, and sliding cross-correlation calculation. Specifically, the digital signal processing unit performs correlation matching between the sampled signal and each candidate reference code to obtain the corresponding correlation peak value, main-to-sub-peak ratio, peak width parameter, and peak position information. When the correlation peak value corresponding to a certain reference code is significantly higher than that of other candidate reference codes, and its main-to-sub-peak ratio, correlation gain, or decision confidence meets the preset threshold conditions, it can be determined that a one-to-one mapping relationship is established between the current receiving point and the near-end core line corresponding to that reference code.

[0053] Furthermore, if the same detection point simultaneously generates significant correlation responses to multiple reference codes, or if the correlation peaks exhibit a non-unique competitive state among multiple candidate codes, the system can determine the existence of cascading, short-circuiting, parallel coupling, shielding layer crosstalk, or abnormal loop coupling. If the target reference code is undetectable as a whole, or if the correlation output is consistently below the minimum detectable threshold, it can be determined as a broken line, a suspended contact, an unclosed detection loop, or abnormal link attenuation. This embodiment, by introducing low cross-correlation coding injection and correlation decision mechanisms into traditional core-to-core operations, achieves an upgrade from "single-point connectivity judgment" to an integrated "multi-core topology identification and abnormal coupling diagnosis."

[0054] Example 2: Fiber Optic Transmission Type Fiber-to-Fiber Example This embodiment provides a method for transmission-type fiber identification in optical fiber links. At the transmitting end, different low-cross-correlation spread spectrum sequences are modulated and loaded onto different fiber optic channels under test, forming modulated optical signals with unique identification characteristics. The modulation method can be intensity modulation, pulse modulation, code modulation, or other equivalent optical domain modulation methods. After transmission through the fiber under test, the receiving end obtains the electrical signal response corresponding to the transmitted optical signal through a photodetector, transimpedance amplifier circuit, and digital sampling unit, and sends it to a digital signal processing module for decoding and identification.

[0055] The digital signal processing module performs preprocessing, synchronization correction, and correlation matching calculations on the sampling results, calculates the correlation output between the received signal and each candidate reference sequence, and outputs the mapping relationship of the current optical fiber channel according to the peak maximum principle, the main-to-sub-peak ratio criterion, or the comprehensive confidence criterion. When the correlation response of a candidate reference sequence is significantly dominant and meets the preset decision threshold, it is determined that the receiving fiber and the corresponding transmitting fiber have established a correct mapping. If the target code cannot be detected, or the correlation output is consistently below the minimum effective decision threshold, it is determined to be a broken fiber, not connected, coupling interrupted, or abnormal transmission loss. If the detection results show that the peak value of a non-target code is dominant, or multiple code responses reach a significant level simultaneously, it can be determined to be a wrong fiber, a skipped fiber error, crosslinking, or abnormal optical coupling.

[0056] Compared to simple identification methods based on constant light sources or single flashing marks, this embodiment introduces low cross-correlation coding modulation and digital correlation decoding mechanisms, enabling the system to achieve higher channel discrimination, stronger noise immunity, and more reliable fiber fault diagnosis capabilities in complex fiber optic environments. This makes it suitable for accurate mapping and identification in scenarios such as multi-fiber parallel verification, link acceptance, and maintenance within a station.

[0057] Example 3: Fiber Optic Echo Single-Ended Identification Example This embodiment provides a single-ended fiber optic identification method that does not require a remote active receiving device. Passive reflection tags, delay tags, characteristic reflection terminals, or other passive identification structures capable of introducing identifiable echo characteristics are respectively set at each fiber port at the remote end. The near-end transmitting end injects spread-spectrum modulated optical code into the fiber core under test and collects the echo signals reflected or returned from the remote end through a same-end receiving link. The echo signals are then converted from photoelectric signals and sampled by analog to digital signals before being sent to a digital processing module for sliding cross-correlation analysis and time delay estimation.

[0058] In the specific decision-making process, the system calculates the correlation function between the echo signal and the target spreading reference code, and determines the source of the echo by combining the propagation delay information corresponding to the correlation peak. If the echo of a fiber core under test forms a significant correlation peak on the target reference code, and its peak delay matches the preset reflection tag, preset port, or preset path length, then the near-end fiber core can be determined to correspond to the target far-end object. By configuring different reflection characteristics, reflection coefficients, delay tags, or composite identification structures at different far-end ports, the system can recover the correspondence between near-end and far-end ports under single-end injection and single-end reception conditions.

[0059] Furthermore, when the detected echo peak value drops significantly, or the relevant energy is below the normal range under the reference state, it can be determined as abnormal attenuation, connector contamination, end-face damage, reflection structure failure, or abnormal link-added loss. When the echo peak position drifts significantly compared to the calibration state, it can be determined as port access error, link path change, abnormal tag configuration, or the presence of additional reflection structures. This embodiment is particularly suitable for scenarios where the remote end is passive, space is limited, or it is inconvenient to deploy receiving equipment, and it can complete remote object identification and link status assessment with only the use of near-end equipment.

[0060] Example 4: Full Topology Recovery Example This embodiment provides a full topology recovery implementation method applicable to multi-core cables, multi-fiber bundles, and hybrid link scenarios. The system polls all candidate injection channels and all candidate receiving channels according to a preset time slice, repeatedly executing encoding excitation, response acquisition, relevant decisions, and result recording within multiple scan cycles to obtain multi-round detection data covering all objects under test. Based on the relevant peak values, peak positions, confidence levels, and anomaly markers obtained from each round of detection, the system constructs a multi-dimensional correlation matrix of "transmitting channel—receiving channel—decision index—status label".

[0061] During the topology restoration phase, the system performs one-to-one matching, conflict resolution, constraint optimization, or graph theory inference based on the aforementioned association matrix to restore the globally optimal connectivity. The restoration algorithm can employ maximum matching, constrained optimal allocation, bipartite matching, graph coloring, minimum cost flow inference, or other equivalent topology restoration strategies. The restoration results not only output explicit channel mapping relationships but also classify and label abnormal channels that do not meet the unique mapping condition. For example, the system can automatically identify and output structural diagnostic results such as channel swapping, one-to-many anomalies, many-to-one anomalies, isolated disconnections, weakly coupled leaky paths, abnormal reflection paths, and local crosstalk clusters.

[0062] Furthermore, the system can automatically compare the restored actual topology with pre-set design templates, standard wiring diagrams, or historical benchmark topologies, outputting a list of deviations and diagnostic conclusions, thereby generating an electronic report that can be directly used for project acceptance, fault diagnosis, and file collection. Through this embodiment, the complex cable / fiber verification process, which originally relied on manual point-to-point checking, manual marking, and experience-based judgment, can be transformed into an automated topology restoration process with globally consistent constraints, thereby significantly improving the completeness, accuracy, and traceability of complex link identification.

[0063] The various embodiments in this invention are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the device embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0064] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0065] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A secondary circuit optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system, characterized in that, The system adopts a master-slave dual-end collaborative architecture, including a master unit, slave units, and a shared core layer, media front-end layer, and diagnostic layer integrated within the system. The master unit is located at one end of the link under test and serves as the injection, scheduling, measurement, and decision center. The slave unit is located at the other end of the link under test and serves as the remote identification, feedback, and field prompt terminal. The shared core layer realizes unified clock synchronization, spread spectrum sequence generation, channel routing control, and digital signal processing. The media front-end layer is divided into a cable front-end and an optical fiber front-end. The cable front-end is used for signal injection and response extraction of secondary cable loops, and the optical fiber front-end is used for optical signal modulation transmission and detection reception of optical fiber links. The diagnostic layer realizes topology identification and fault diagnosis based on signal characteristics.

2. The secondary circuit photoelectric fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shared core layer includes a synchronous clock module, a code sequence generator, a multi-channel distributor, an adaptive filter / notch filter, a digital correlation decoder, and a topology mapping engine. The code sequence generator is used to generate low cross-correlation spread spectrum sequences, the adaptive filter / notch filter is used to suppress power frequency fundamental and harmonic interference, and the digital correlation decoder and topology mapping engine generate a channel mapping matrix through sliding cross-correlation operations.

3. The secondary circuit photoelectric fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable front end includes a safety voltage and current limiting injection and isolation module, and a surge protection and differential high-impedance sampling module. The safety voltage and current limiting injection and isolation module realizes signal voltage and current limiting and ground potential isolation, and the surge protection and differential high-impedance sampling module is used to realize surge protection and weak response signal extraction.

4. The secondary circuit photoelectric fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical fiber front end includes a laser modulation and emission module, a detection and receiving module, and a passive reflection terminal; the laser modulation and emission module modulates the spread spectrum sequence onto the optical carrier, the detection and receiving module realizes photoelectric conversion, and the passive reflection terminal supports single-end identification of optical fiber and echo feature analysis.

5. The secondary circuit photoelectric fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The host includes a code sequence or feature signal generation module, a channel scanning / allocation module, a media adapter front end, a voltage / frequency / light intensity sampling module, a multi-dimensional diagnostic feature module, a human-computer interaction module, and a data storage module.

6. The secondary circuit photoelectric fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slave device includes a remote access terminal module, an encoding or backhaul module, a reception discrimination module, a status indication module, and a low-power control module.

7. The secondary circuit photoelectric fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diagnostic layer extracts relevant peak values, peak widths, arrival delays, and crosstalk peak distribution characteristic parameters, and combines them with an adaptive threshold algorithm to identify faults, outputting diagnostic results for open circuits, incorrect connections, short circuits, poor contact, and abnormal fiber optic attenuation. The multidimensional diagnostic feature module is the hardware carrier unit of the diagnostic layer, used to extract multidimensional diagnostic features using the cross-correlation function output by the digital correlation decoder, so as to realize channel identification and fault auxiliary judgment; the discrete domain calculation formula of the sliding cross-correlation function Ri(τ) can be expressed as: where x(n) is a received signal sequence, c i (n) is a local reference spreading sequence assigned to the i-th channel, N is the sequence length, is a sliding delay.

8. A secondary circuit photoelectric fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis method, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Establish the resource table for the channel under test, and generate and allocate low cross-correlation spread spectrum sequence code groups; Step S2: Construct a routing matrix using a multi-channel distributor and send the sequence to the electrical injection module at the cable front end or the optical modulation module at the fiber front end; Step S3: Acquire the response of electrical or optical signals and digitize it using an analog-to-digital converter; Step S4: Perform power frequency suppression, band-limiting, gain normalization, and clock synchronization sequentially on the discrete sampled data; Step S5: Perform sliding cross-correlation calculations between the preprocessed signal and each reference code; Step S6: Restore the topology mapping relationship according to the maximum peak value principle, the main peak to sub-peak ratio threshold and the multi-peak co-occurrence rule, and output the fault diagnosis results and detection report according to the relevant feature parameters and topology structure.

9. The method for optoelectronic fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis of secondary circuits according to claim 8, characterized in that, The low cross-correlation spreading sequence mentioned in step S1 is a Kasami code, a Gold code, an m-sequence, or a combination thereof.

10. The secondary circuit photo-fusion topology identification and fault diagnosis method of claim 8, wherein, The fault diagnosis results in step S6 include the judgment conclusions of normal correspondence, open circuit, incorrect connection, short circuit or series connection, poor contact, and fiber optic abnormality.

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