Optical arrangement for determining objective and subjective refraction and centering of an eye and method of operation thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to an optical arrangement (1) and a method of operation thereof for determining the objective and subjective refractive errors of a human eye and the central positioning of a pair of glasses in front of the eyes (11, 12) of a human (2). The optical arrangement (1) includes the following devices: a shielding device (3) having an arched surface (4); a plurality of cameras (5) for capturing images of the head of a human (2) from different directions; a projection and measurement device (6) including an eye box (9) arranged at a defined position relative to the shielding device (3); and a human-machine interface (40) designed for communicating with a human (2). The projection and measurement device (6) includes an independent device (10) for each eye (11, 12) for projecting digital image content into the visual field of a person (2) and for projecting and reflecting a measurement beam to determine the objective refractive error of the person (2); an eye-tracking device (5, 19) for automatically aligning and adjusting the device (10) for projecting digital image content into the visual field of the person (2) relative to the position of the eye (11, 12) to be measured; a device (21, 22) for measuring the objective refractive error of the eye (11, 12); and a projector (20) for projecting at least one image from the eye box (9) that is visually perceptible as digital image content (25) for each eye.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an optical arrangement for determining (preferably, only in a single time period) the objective and subjective refractive errors of a person’s eye and the central positioning of a pair of glasses in front of the person’s (hereinafter referred to as the user for better distinction) eye, and a method for operating such an optical arrangement.

[0002] When manufacturing and fitting visual aids and eyeglasses by incorporating ophthalmic optical measurements of a person's or user's eye, objective refractive error, subjective refractive error, and eye centering are typically determined (especially measured) in separate steps by an optician or optometrist using different equipment. For example, objective refractive error is determined using an automated refractometer, subjective refractive error using a phoropter and a visual acuity chart or chart projection, and eye centering is determined, for example, using a centering device (e.g., VISUFIT 1000). Such procedures require positioning a person in front of various devices and necessitate skilled personnel (e.g., personnel trained in ophthalmic optics) capable of operating the corresponding equipment.

[0003] Existing technologies have disclosed solutions that combine the determination of objective and subjective refractive errors and use a single device (e.g., a device known under the trade name Topcon Chronos) for this purpose. Furthermore, US 2012 / 0 287 398A1 discloses a concept for jointly determining objective and subjective refractive errors in both eyes. US 7 357 509 B2 describes a measure for determining the subjective influence of ocular wavefront aberrations. WO 2020 / 219 711 A1 describes a light field display.

[0004] The introduction of AR (Augmented Reality) glasses, which can be worn in everyday life, has led to new requirements for workflows, user guidance, and diagnostic equipment. This particularly relates to AR glasses that combine consumer electronics with medical products in the context of individual visual impairment correction or individual user fitting. Specifically, it is desirable to perform complete measurements on the user, in terms of the parameters required to manufacture the glasses (e.g., AR glasses), for individualized fitting of AR, MR (Mixed Reality), or VR (Virtual Reality) glasses, for example, in a single time period, on a single device, or at a single measurement location. This can be done, for example, in the sales room of an optician or supplier of AR glasses or in a technology store. However, technology stores, in particular, often lack the necessary ophthalmic optics expertise and appropriately trained staff.

[0005] A significant drawback of currently used objective measurement techniques for determining visual aids required by the human eye on an individual basis may be the unnatural visual conditions during measurement, particularly when measuring each eye sequentially and individually, accompanied by instrumental myopia, and the separation between the determination of objective and subjective refractive errors. While measurement techniques exist that use open visual environments to measure objective refractive errors (e.g., from providers like Canon or Wavefront Science), these techniques offer no user feedback and, in particular, cannot optimize or improve the measurement results in any way. Furthermore, a solution is desired that can provide at least one combined measurement of refractive and central positioning in a single device, with a simple workflow that can be performed by personnel without ophthalmic optics training, such as in a technology store.

[0006] Following objective refractive measurements, a trained ophthalmic optics professional is required to perform precise subjective refractive measurements using the results as initial values. This process typically considers other factors such as instrumental myopia, binocular fine accommodation, binocular vision, near-vision refraction, and associated heterophoria. In a separate step, central positioning parameters are determined to adapt the glasses to the user's individual needs and ensure proper fit in terms of pupillary distance, pupillary height, and tilt. Until now, this has prevented such measurements from being performed in technical shops or any other desired sales area without the presence of a trained ophthalmic optics professional.

[0007] Against the backdrop described herein, the problem addressed by the present invention is to provide an advantageous optical arrangement for determining the objective and subjective refractive errors of a human eye and the central positioning of a pair of glasses (particularly real or virtual glasses) in front of the human eye. Another problem addressed is to provide a method for operating the corresponding optical arrangement.

[0008] The stated problems are solved by the optical arrangement as described in claim 1 and the method for operating the optical arrangement as described in claim 20. The dependent claims contain further advantageous configurations of the invention.

[0009] The optical arrangement according to the invention for determining (particularly for measuring and / or calculating) the objective and subjective refractive errors of a human eye, and for centering a pair of glasses (particularly real or virtual glasses) in front of the human eye (e.g., in the context of eyewear fitting), comprises: a shielding device with an arched surface, multiple cameras for capturing images of the human head from different directions, a projection and measurement device, and a human-machine interface (HMI). The multiple cameras (i.e., at least one of which) can be designed to capture images to generate a virtual avatar of the human head (i.e., a three-dimensional virtual image representation).

[0010] An arched surface can form the surface area of ​​a shielding device. The arched surface can arch inwards relative to the shielding device, which corresponds to an outward arch starting from the person being measured (see [reference]). Figure 1 (where the arched surface is identified by reference numeral 4 in the attached figure). An arched surface should be understood as a surface that at least partially encloses a defined volume. In the present case, the arching, created by the shielding device, forms a recess, cavity, or hollow space. The arched surface may, in particular, take the form of a concave surface.

[0011] Human-computer interfaces are designed for communication with people. Communication can be designed to be controllable, for example, through visual, auditory, and / or tactile means and / or through gestures and / or eye movements.

[0012] The projection and measurement device includes, has, or defines an eyepiece, wherein the eyepiece is arranged relative to a shielding device within a defined area. An eyepiece is understood to refer to a spatial area from which an image generated or transmitted by the projection and measurement device is considered to be perceptible to a human eye as an optical image.

[0013] For each eye, the projection and measurement apparatus includes a separate device (e.g., a heads-up display) for projecting digital (i.e., virtual) image content (virtual content) into the person's visual field (particularly in the direction of observation) and for projecting and reflecting a measurement beam to determine the person's objective refractive error. Furthermore, the projection and measurement apparatus includes an eye-tracking device (i.e., a device for gaze tracking) for automatically or automatically aligning and setting (e.g., accommodation and / or calibration) the device for projecting the digital image content into the person's visual field relative to the position of the eye to be measured. Eye tracking or gaze tracking can be performed by means of at least one camera or by means of a heads-up display.

[0014] Eye-tracking devices can also be designed for human communication, specifically for use within or forming an HMI. This allows humans to communicate via eye movements. In this case, eye tracking or gaze tracking can be performed using at least one camera or via a heads-up display. Furthermore, eye-tracking devices can be designed to measure convergence and divergence.

[0015] The projection and measurement apparatus further includes devices for measuring the objective refraction of the eye (e.g., an optometer and / or aberrometer), and a projector for projecting at least one image for each eye, which is visually perceptible as digital image content from the eye box. In other words, the projector is therefore designed to project at least one image for each eye into the person's field of vision, where the image can be visually perceived by the person as a virtual image (virtual content). Thus, two separate processes can occur simultaneously. In the case of objective refraction, for example, a heads-up display can be used to send a measurement beam (typically an infrared measurement beam) into the eye to capture the resulting wavefront on a sensor, and thus confirm the person's "optical fingerprint." A decisive advantage here is that this can be done while the person is viewing a virtual eye chart in "free field of vision" (with both eyes). This solves the problem of the lack of natural visual conditions in the case of objective refraction.

[0016] The advantage of the optical arrangement according to the invention is that it allows for simultaneous, i.e., simultaneous or substantially simultaneous, measurements of the human eye regarding objective and subjective refractive errors and the central positioning of the eye, within the context of eyeglass fitting, or allows for measurements that can be performed directly and continuously. In this case, only a joint measurement arrangement in the form of the optical arrangement according to the invention is required, resulting in the elimination of the need to use different equipment or to measure the individual parameters at different locations or at different times.

[0017] Another advantage lies in the fact that data determined by the optical setup can be used as the basis for manufacturing or producing personalized devices that can be worn in front of the eyes (such as regular glasses, AR glasses, MR glasses, VR glasses, or head-mounted displays (HMDs)) without the need for additional fittings. This enables highly automated, self-service terminal-like setups that can be set up and operated in any desired location (e.g., in a sales office or technology store) and, under reproducible and optimizable environmental conditions, allow the determination of all or almost all parameters required for manufacturing and fitting optical devices that can be worn in front of the eyes, particularly objective refractive error, subjective refractive error, central positioning, and eyeglass fitting.

[0018] The solution according to the invention also improves ophthalmic optical diagnosis, wherein highly automated methods can be used that do not require on-site personnel trained in ophthalmic optics, but can be performed on-site by personnel trained in the application or operation of the optical arrangement according to the invention. The confirmed results can then be remotely examined and approved by personnel trained in ophthalmic optics (e.g., ophthalmologists and / or opticians). For example, the optical arrangement can be designed to measure objective and subjective refractive errors and to measure the central positioning of the eye within the range of spectacle fit, without requiring personnel trained in ophthalmic optics.

[0019] In an advantageous configuration, the optical arrangement is designed to simultaneously (i.e., concurrently) measure the eye's central positioning and objective and / or subjective refractive power. This relates to the advantages already described above, which allow for joint measurements of all desired parameters at a single measurement location using only one arrangement.

[0020] The shielding device can be configured as a hemisphere, screen, shield, or dome, or as an open, free-form hollow body. The arched surface can be spherical or aspherical, or shaped as a hollow spherical cutout, a hollow cylindrical cutout, a hollow frustoconical cutout, or any other free-form shape. For example, the arched surface can also include planar surface regions or planar sub-elements. Hollow spherical cutouts can be formed from the arched surface or arched surface region of the shielding device. A concave inner surface or concave inner surface region having at least one radius of curvature can be formed from the arched surface or arched surface region of the shielding device. Preferably, the arched surface covers or substantially covers the field of view. The arched surfaces should be configured as uniformly as possible and should have as little optical contrast as possible.

[0021] The masking device can be implemented and / or arranged such that, starting from a point within the eyepiece, the masking device covers a corresponding defined solid angle range in an azimuth plane (e.g., a horizontally extending plane) and / or a meridional plane (e.g., a vertically extending plane). The fixed solid angle range can, for example, define a measurable field of view, or be larger or smaller than the human field of view. Specifically, the eyepiece can be arranged such that it is positioned within the masking device relative to at least one solid angle. On the one hand, this ensures that the human field of view is not interfered with by other objects in the surrounding environment. On the other hand, the corresponding arrangement of the camera can simultaneously ensure that the area behind the human ear, necessary for fitting the temples of the eyeglasses, can also be captured by the camera.

[0022] Advantageously, starting from a point within the eye box, the shading device covers an angular range of at least 5 degrees, for example at least 20 degrees, advantageously at least 90 degrees, and particularly at least 140 degrees, for example at least 220 degrees, in the meridional and / or azimuth planes. In this case, the coverage in the azimuth plane can be greater than the coverage in the meridional plane. Preferably, starting from a point within the eye box, the shading device extends in the meridional plane over an angular range of at least 140 degrees, for example at least 160 degrees, and / or in the azimuth plane over an angular range of at least 220 degrees.

[0023] The arched surface of the occlusion device can be implemented to emit light with controllable brightness to provide a measurement environment for photopic and / or mesopic and / or scotopic refractive measurements and / or contrast sensitivity measurements, such as in conjunction with digital targets, like an alphabet that has been radiated and can be perceived as digital image content. Specifically, the occlusion device may include components for setting the brightness within the arched surface (e.g., a hemisphere) according to defined refractive measurement criteria. This enables and ensures high-quality measurements of the eye at different ambient brightness levels. The occlusion device is advantageously designed to ensure controlled visual conditions during measurement. The surface is preferably configured such that it forms a projected background that can be perceived in a non-contrast or uniform manner.

[0024] The arched surface of the shielding device can have a diameter of 0.1 m (r). min = 0.1 m (corresponding to an average diameter (d) of 0.2 m) min = 0.2 m)) and 4 m (r max = 4 m) (corresponding to an average diameter of 8 m (d max = 8 m) is the average radius of curvature. In the case of an elliptical shape, the above-mentioned dimension related to the radius of curvature can be one of the two semi-axes. In the case of a free-form dome-shaped configuration, the above-mentioned dimension is an average value related to the entire arched surface. Correspondingly, the large-sized design of the shading device reduces the instrumental myopia that occurs during objective and subjective refractive measurements as described at the beginning.

[0025] In another variation, the optical arrangement is implemented to project digital image content into the eye box, which is perceived as being at infinity in the viewing direction (e.g., a variable viewing direction), for example, for distance refractive measurements, i.e., when measuring distance refractive errors. Starting from the eye box, the occlusion device may have an area on the arched surface in the viewing direction (e.g., within a solid angle range of + / - 10 degrees) that has less or no monocular and / or binocular accommodative stimulation or accommodative cues compared to areas of the arched surface outside this area. Advantageously, no camera is positioned in this area, or a hidden camera is positioned. For example, an infrared camera (IR camera) may be positioned behind a covering, such as behind a fabric, within the aforementioned solid angle range. In this way, the viewer's perception of the digital test image (e.g., letters or a visual acuity chart or another target) projected at infinity or a distance is not obstructed or superimposed on the object of the optical arrangement in the viewing direction. The described configuration reduces or minimizes instrumental myopia in measurements taken while a person is looking at distant objects.

[0026] The masking device may include a component for receiving at least one camera from a plurality of cameras used to capture images to generate a virtual avatar of a human head. At least one camera may be secured in and / or on and / or integrated into the masking device. Preferably, the cameras are arranged such that they are invisible or nearly invisible from the eyebox. For example, relative to the eyebox, the plurality of cameras may be arranged in a horizontally extending straight line or curve along an azimuth or horizontal solid angle range, or in a horizontally extending strip, or in a horizontally extending plane. In principle, any desired arrangement of the cameras is possible. A circular arrangement is advantageous.

[0027] The optical arrangement may include 1 to 20 cameras for capturing images to generate a virtual avatar of a human head, such as 5 to 20 cameras, particularly 10 to 20 cameras. Multiple cameras for capturing images to generate a virtual avatar of a human head may be arranged along a strip-shaped area extending in azimuth along an arched surface (e.g., a hemisphere). Individual cameras may also be arranged outside the arched surface, for example, behind and / or above and / or beside the eyebox, particularly outside a 180-degree azimuth or horizontal solid angle range. At least one camera for capturing images to generate a virtual avatar of a human head may be arranged relative to the eyebox such that the at least one camera is designed to capture the area behind the human ear. This improves the capture of the area behind the human ear. A configuration with at least one camera that can move in space is also possible.

[0028] At least one camera or multiple cameras (e.g., in combination) can be designed to determine (e.g., measure or calculate) the centering position of the glasses in front of a person's eyes, particularly for direct determination and / or determination on a generated virtual avatar. At least one camera may include depth measurement techniques or a sensor system for measuring depth. At least one camera can be configured as an infrared camera and / or a visual camera and / or a grayscale camera and / or a light field camera. At least one camera (e.g., 5 to 10 out of a total of, for example, 20 cameras), or all cameras, or all cameras except one visual camera, can be designed as infrared cameras, particularly for VF1000 functionality. For example, determining centering position by virtual avatar may include interpupillary distance measurement and / or gaze measurement and / or tilt measurement and / or deflection measurement and / or corneal apex distance measurement.

[0029] In addition, at least one or more cameras (e.g., in combination with each other) used to capture images to generate virtual avatars can be designed for virtual try-on of digital eyeglass frames and / or AR glasses and / or MR glasses and / or VR glasses.

[0030] The projector can be implemented as a light field projector. With a light field projector, the emission direction distribution of each locally located light emitter can be set and varied. One configuration of the light field projector includes, for example, a light source composed of pixels having a lens field arranged in front of it in the emission direction, the lens field comprising a plurality of individual lenses arranged in a plane. The lens field can be implemented in a refractive and / or diffractive manner. Another configuration option of the light field projector includes a pixel array that is illuminated from different angles in a time-sequential manner, and in the process utilizes the temporal inertia of the eye to achieve a quasi-static, spatially variable illumination angle distribution for the eye on a time integral basis by rapidly switching the exposure direction and the transmittance or reflectance of the pixel array. These two examples, or other configurations, can be considered static or quasi-static, i.e., with respect to the flicker frequency perceptible to the eye, and the light field projector can set and vary the emission distribution of each locally located light emitter.

[0031] Independent devices (particularly heads-up displays) for projecting digital image content into a person's field of vision may each include a semi-transparent optical element. Each semi-transparent optical element is configured to transmit a measurement beam from a device for measuring the objective refraction of the eye into the corresponding eye, preferably individually into each eye, and to guide the wavefront emitted by the corresponding eye to an aberration meter of the device for measuring the objective refraction of the eye. The semi-transparent optical element may be configured, for example, as a simple beam splitter combiner, or a holographic combiner, or a curved combiner, or a waveguide combiner. The semi-transparent optical element may each be configured to transmit a measurement beam from a projector for measuring the subjective refraction of the eye into the corresponding eye. The semi-transparent optical element may each be configured to, for example, project a virtual or digital fixation target at infinity during the measurement of the objective or subjective refraction of the eye, and / or project a virtual or digital fixation target at a distance corresponding to the measured objective refraction. During objective wavefront measurement or determination of objective refractive error, for example, virtual or digital fixation targets can be projected at infinity for each eye in a manner adapted to the pupillary distance to ensure parallel binocular convergence and divergence of the visual axes, where accommodative stimulation is minimized.

[0032] Semi-transparent optical elements can also be designed as imaging cameras and used accordingly, for example, as eye-tracking devices or for identifying the direction of observation. Furthermore, they can be designed to scan wavefronts sequentially over time and used accordingly, for example, in the context of measuring the objective refractive power of the eye.

[0033] Devices for measuring objective refraction of the eye can be positioned below separate instruments and / or semi-transparent optical elements. This is advantageous both in minimizing interfering accommodative stimuli in the human visual field and, from an installation space perspective, in optimizing the use of the existing solid angle range for measurement.

[0034] The alignment and individualized adjustment of the independent device (particularly a head-up display) used to project digital image content into a person's field of vision can be achieved and monitored by at least one eye-tracking device. For example, the eye-tracking device can monitor the position of the eye and set the position of the independent device for projecting the digital image content based on that position. In a preferred configuration, a semi-transparent optical element deflects the image of the eye downwards onto the camera. This image can be used to track eye movements. Alternatively, a camera arranged on or within a shielding device (particularly a hemisphere) can be used to determine the eye position during measurement and thus adjust the position of the independent device.

[0035] Within the scope of this invention, instead of using conventional test lenses in a test frame or phoropter as the objective initial value for subjectively determining refractive error, virtual target units, for example in the form of two-dimensional or three-dimensional digital image content, can be projected into the human visual field in such a way that these virtual target units are imaged onto a fitting or compensating focal plane of the result for determining objective refractive error. This can be performed immediately after measuring objective refractive error and, optionally, by means of retinal image measurement (see, for example, US 7,357,509 B2) to refine the results. In this case, the focus can be switched from projecting a fixation target during objective refractive error determination to displaying a test card for determining subjective refractive error.

[0036] Aberrometers and phorometers can be designed to determine objective refractive power by measuring spherical power, cylindrical power, axis, and optionally higher-order aberrations. They can be designed to utilize wavefront sensor technology and include at least one of the following sensors: Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, sensor for determining phase shift based on schlieren techniques, wavefront curvature sensor, pyramidal wavefront sensor, common-path interferometer, sensor for Foucault knife-edge test, shearing interferometer, polygonal shearing interferometer, Ronchi test, etc. When using an phorometer, the Badal system, rotatable lenses, Stokes units, Scheiner principle, and other suitable techniques can be used, such as methods for time-sequential wavefront determination based on ray tracing. Objective wavefront measurements can be performed sequentially for each eye or in parallel for both eyes.

[0037] Projected test content (e.g., in the form of letters or images) is essential for determining subjective refractive error. In this case, test lenses that compensate for the refractive error of each eye are typically placed in front of the eyes. For this purpose, a set of test lenses or trial lenses that compensate for spherical aberration and / or astigmatic aberration is required. This testing method is usually time-consuming and performed under conditions of limited free vision. Automated workflows are virtually impossible to achieve, and the tests require skilled personnel.

[0038] Within the scope of this invention, a projector can be designed to emit virtual or digital gaze targets or image content, such as holographic digital image content, and project them into an eye box; these targets or the content mimic correction of a determined (e.g., measured) refractive error, particularly based on the final results of determined objective and / or subjective refractive errors. This correction is preferably dynamically adjustable. For example, this can be achieved by means of a light field projector with a corresponding configuration (e.g., see WO2020 / 219 711 A1). This is advantageous because the aforementioned conventional test set is no longer necessary, and more accurate results can be achieved compared to the naturally limited conventional test lens set. In this case, in addition to spherical power and astigmatism, higher-order aberrations can also be considered for individual correction based on subjective feedback.

[0039] The projector is preferably implemented as a light field projector, wherein the projector includes a display composed of pixels and an array of refractive and / or diffractive optical elements arranged on the display (i.e., arranged in a beam path downstream of the display). The projector can be designed to dynamically generate a light field by projecting multiple images of different views of an object to be imaged at a frequency of at least 20 Hz (i.e., the display frequency). The array of refractive and / or diffractive optical elements may include microlenses. Microlenses may act as superpixels of the underlying display. In addition, or alternatively, an array of pixelated diffractive optical elements arranged on the display may be present. As already mentioned, another configuration option for the light field projector includes a pixel array that is illuminated from different angles in a time-sequential manner, and in the process utilizes the temporal inertia of the eye to achieve a quasi-static spatially variable illumination angle distribution for the eye on a time integral basis by rapidly switching the exposure direction and the transmittance or reflectance of the pixel array.

[0040] Projectors (especially light field projectors) can be designed to project digital image content at a distance relative to the eye box corresponding to a range of -20 diopters (dpt) to +20 diopters (e.g., -15 dpt to +10 dpt, -11 dpt to +8 dpt, -10 dpt to +5 dpt). A separate projector can be provided for each eye for simulating the test lens. The test lens simulation can also be performed using holograms or in a holographic manner. In this case, the projector can be designed to project holographic digital image content.

[0041] The projector may include a spatial light modulator for locally adjusting or modulating the amplitude and phase of a light wave (particularly an incident light wave) to simulate (e.g., dynamically simulate) a test lens. The spatial light modulator can be implemented holographically, for example, using multiple holograms or dynamically changing holograms.

[0042] The described options can also be used to simulate progressive lenses. Furthermore, the projector can include a device for retinal projection designed to simulate test lenses; in other words, designed to simulate the presence of test lenses in the beam path.

[0043] The described dynamic accommodation can significantly reduce the time required to determine subjective refractive error. Furthermore, it enables automated methods that do not require specialized personnel. Humans (e.g., users) can individually control the dynamic accommodation via an HMI. In principle, all tests can be performed using a controlled method. Instructions and communication can be controlled audiovisually, by gestures, or via tactile signals or eye movements. In this case, the person can operate an input device (e.g., at least with buttons and / or knobs and / or a microphone) to make input. For example, input via eye-tracking devices can also be provided through eye movements. The person can also receive audio and visual instructions via suitable devices (e.g., speakers, headphones, displays, etc.). Trained personnel can provide assistance in this process as needed.

[0044] In a particularly advantageous variant regarding efficiency and user comfort, the optical arrangement is designed to measure the parameters required for manufacturing eyeglasses in intervals of less than 15 minutes and / or at a single measurement location and in a single time period.

[0045] The method for operating the optical arrangement according to the invention comprises the following steps: In step S1, a person is positioned relative to the eye box such that the person's viewing direction extends for each eye through an individual device (e.g., a head-up display) for projecting digital image content. In step S2, the device for projecting digital image content into the person's field of vision is aligned and set, e.g., adjusted and / or calibrated, relative to the position of the eye to be measured, by means of an eye-tracking device. This is preferably implemented in an automated manner.

[0046] In step S3, images of the person's head are captured using multiple cameras. In step S4, the captured images are used to determine (e.g., measure and / or calculate) the centering of the glasses in front of the person's eyes. In step S5, the objective refractive error of the eye is determined (e.g., measure and / or calculate) using a projection and measurement device. In this case, values, such as those from the person's prescription, can also be input or read in and used as initial values. The person's previous glasses can also be measured to determine the initial values. This can be done individually in the corresponding measuring device or while the person is wearing glasses. In this case, at least one camera and / or projection and measurement device can be used.

[0047] In step S6, the subjective refractive error of the eye is determined (e.g., measured and / or calculated) by a projection and measurement device. In this case, for example, a digital image of simulated refractive error correction (preferably starting from the determined objective refractive error) is projected into the human's field of vision by a projection device, and human input is received by a human-machine interface.

[0048] Steps S3 to S6 can also be performed in different orders or at least partially or completely simultaneously. The method according to the invention has the features and advantages already described above in conjunction with the optical arrangement according to the invention.

[0049] In a favorable variant, a virtual avatar of a person's head is generated from the captured image, and the generated virtual avatar is used to determine (e.g., measure and / or calculate) the center positioning of the glasses in front of the eyes.

[0050] In an optional step S7, virtual glasses (e.g., including eyeglass frames and / or lenses) can be provided and displayed to a person on the generated virtual body in the form of digital image content (e.g., two-dimensional or three-dimensional digital image content), which is projected into the person's field of vision. The digitally displayed glasses can be ordinary glasses, AR glasses, MR glasses, VR glasses, or glasses with progressive lenses.

[0051] Near accommodation can be determined within the range of objective and / or subjective refractive error of the eye, wherein digital image content is displayed to the person monocularly, and the distance between the digital image content and the eye is decreased until the person can no longer focus the image clearly, i.e., the image becomes blurry. This step can then be repeated for the other eye.

[0052] Advantageously, stereoscopic displays can be used to confirm the individualized or individual focal plane used to project digital image content. This is particularly advantageous for AR, MR, or VR glasses. In this way, on the one hand, the individual's comfort range can be optimally utilized by taking advantage of the depth-of-field range. On the other hand, personalization can reduce or avoid undesirable effects such as headaches from wearing the corresponding glasses for extended periods.

[0053] To determine an individualized focal plane, the associated heterophoria of a person can be determined at at least one defined distance from the eye, and / or the fusion / convergence range of a person can be determined at at least one defined distance from the eye, wherein the test subject is projected into the person's visual field as a fusion stimulus. The focal plane can be defined based on the determined associated heterophoria and / or the determined fusion / convergence range. In this case, the focal plane can be defined such that the depth of field within the accommodation amplitude is fully utilized. In other words, the focal plane can therefore be positioned at a distance from the eye such that the person can still clearly see what is in front of and behind the focal plane.

[0054] In another variant, a person's hemianopia and / or convergence can be determined for either far or near vision (e.g., for near distances in the range of 10 cm to 40 cm) to identify an individualized focal plane. Furthermore, when defining the focal plane, minimum and / or maximum relative convergence can be identified and taken into account. Optionally, the ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation can be calculated, for example, in a step of determining the accommodative amplitude, and the focal plane can be defined based on the calculated ratio. This achieves improved individualization of the focal plane distance. The described variant improves human comfort, both when determining the desired ophthalmic optical parameters and later when using optical devices (e.g., AR glasses).

[0055] In principle, by means of the optical arrangement according to the invention, all ophthalmic optical parameters required for manufacturing an optical device (e.g., eyeglasses or a viewing window for a helmet) that can be worn in front of the eye can be determined. In this case, methods and tests known from ophthalmic optics can be applied quickly and easily in an automated manner. Preferably, the entire method according to the invention is performed in intervals of less than 15 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes.

[0056] In summary, this invention enables users to conveniently, quickly, and with high quality determine (e.g., measure) the ophthalmic optical and physical parameters required for manufacturing optical devices that can be worn in front of the eyes. Furthermore, virtual try-on of various individualized eyeglass frames is possible, resulting in further improvements in user comfort.

[0057] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments. Although the invention has been illustrated and described in more detail by way of preferred exemplary embodiments, the invention is not limited to the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived from the invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

[0058] These figures are not necessarily drawn to scale in every detail, and may be presented in enlarged or reduced form for clarity. Therefore, the functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but merely as an illustrative basis to provide guidance for those skilled in the art to use the invention in various ways.

[0059] When used in a series of two or more elements, the expression “and / or” as used herein means that any of the listed elements may be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed elements may be used. For example, if a structure is described as containing parts A, B, and / or C, then the structure may contain: A alone; B alone; C alone; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C.

[0060] Figure 1 The optical arrangement according to the invention is schematically shown in a three-dimensional view.

[0061] Figure 2 The optical arrangement according to the invention is schematically illustrated in block diagram form.

[0062] Figures 3 to 6 Various variations of the beam path-based operation mode of the optical arrangement according to the present invention are illustrated schematically.

[0063] Figure 7 An exemplary method for operating an optical arrangement according to the invention is illustrated schematically in the form of a flowchart.

[0064] Figure 1 An optical arrangement according to the invention is schematically illustrated in a perspective view. The optical arrangement 1 shown, for determining the objective and subjective refractive errors and centering of a person's eye 2, includes a shielding device 3 with an arched surface 4, multiple cameras 5, a projection and measuring device 6, and a human-machine interface (HMI) 40. In the illustrated variant, the shielding device 3 is configured in the form of a hemisphere, a hollow hemisphere, or a dome. In this case, the arched surface 4 is concave-spherical and curved, and has a radius of curvature, for example, between 0.1 m and 4 m, or a diameter between 0.2 m and 8 m. The projection and measuring device 6 and the human-machine interface (HMI) 40 may also be arranged at least partially or entirely within the shielding device 3.

[0065] Cameras 5 (which may include 5 to 20 cameras, such as 10 cameras) are arranged on or integrated into the surface 4 of the shielding device 3. Preferably, for this purpose, the shielding device 3 includes corresponding receiving or fastening devices. Advantageously, the cameras 5 are arranged such that they are invisible or nearly invisible to the person 2. At least, the cameras 5 should be arranged such that, in the viewing direction 7, for example in the spatial area identified by reference numeral 8, these cameras do not create accommodative stimuli or accommodative cues that could cause instrumental myopia. Preferably, cameras 5 are not arranged in the viewing direction 7, and optionally within a defined solid angle range (e.g., + / - 10 degrees) starting from the defined viewing direction 7, so as not to obstruct the person 2's view to the distance.

[0066] Surface 4 is configured such that it forms a projected background that can be perceived in a non-contrast or uniform manner. For example, surface 4 can be white or black. White has the advantage of reducing instrument-induced myopia. Black has the advantage of ensuring large pupils of the person 2 during measurement. A shielding device 3 may optionally be formed on surface 4 to emit light with controllable brightness to provide a measurement environment for photopic and / or mesopic and / or scotopic refractive measurements and / or contrast sensitivity measurements. As an alternative to these variations, the surface can also be gray, striped (e.g., with black and white stripes), or patterned. In this case, the stripes or patterns should be particularly fine (e.g., in the micrometer range) so that the person 2 cannot perceive them from eye box 9.

[0067] Camera 5 is designed to capture images of the head of person 2, or is arranged geometrically such that the captured images can generate a virtual avatar of the person's head. In this case, at least some of the cameras (i.e., all cameras or all cameras except at least one, e.g., 5 to 10 cameras) can be designed as infrared cameras. At least one (preferably two) of the cameras 5 can be arranged such that they can also capture the area behind the ears of person 2. For this purpose, at least one camera can also be arranged outside the shielding device 3.

[0068] In the variant shown, camera 5 is arranged on surface 4 along an azimuth or horizontal line, or within an azimuth or horizontal region (e.g., a corresponding strip region). Furthermore, the cameras can be arranged in a meridional direction or vertically offset relative to each other. In this case, any desired arrangement is possible, for example, a circular or elliptical arrangement.

[0069] The HMI 40 is designed for communication with a human, such as via audiovisual communication and / or gesture-driven communication and / or tactile communication. For this purpose, an input device with at least one button and / or knob and / or foot pedal and / or slider and / or touchpad and / or pressure sensor and / or temperature sensor and / or eye-tracking device and / or microphone may be provided.

[0070] The projection and measurement device 6 includes an eyebox 9. In the illustrated variant, the eyebox 9 is located in the area of ​​the head of the person 2. The eyebox 9 is positioned relative to the occlusion device 3 at a defined location. In this case, the location can be defined individually during the installation of the optical arrangement, wherein spatial specifications or spatial conditions can be considered during the definition, among other factors. The projection and measurement device 6 includes a separate device 10 for each eye, which is used to project digital image content into the field of vision of the person 2, particularly in the viewing direction 7 or in the spatial region 8. For example, the separate device 10 may be a head-up display.

[0071] The projection and measurement device 6 may also optionally include a device for eye tracking (eye tracking device). Figure 1 (Not explicitly shown), this device is used to automatically align and set the device 10 for projecting digital image content relative to the area of ​​the eye of the person 2 to be measured. Furthermore, the projection and measurement device 6 includes a means for measuring the objective refraction of the person 2's eye. This measurement means preferably includes an optometer and a wavefront sensor. Additionally, the projection and measurement device 6 includes a projector for projecting at least one image for each eye, the image being visually perceptible from the eye box 9. A separate projector may be present for each eye or for each individual device for projecting digital image content. However, a single projector may also be present in combination with a suitably designed beam splitter device.

[0072] The projection and measurement device 6 is designed to determine multiple ophthalmic optical parameters required for manufacturing personalized optical devices (e.g., a pair of eyeglasses) that can be worn in front of the eyes. The eyeglasses can also be contact lenses or viewing windows for helmets. The eyeglasses can be configured as ordinary eyeglasses for correcting refractive errors, eyeglasses with progressive lenses, AR glasses, MR glasses, or VR glasses.

[0073] The ophthalmic optical parameters to be determined are objective refractive error, subjective refractive error, and central positioning of the eye. For example, central positioning of the eye is confirmed by a generated virtual avatar. Optionally, one or more of the following specified parameters can be confirmed by the projection and measurement device 6: associated heterophoria (latent strabismus), accommodative amplitude, accommodative convergence, and refractive error based on retinal image measurements. Parameters characterizing convergence-accommodation conflict and potentially causing physical symptoms (e.g., digital eye strain) can also be optionally determined. In principle, the spherical power, cylindrical power, and axis of the eye, as well as optionally higher-order aberrations, can be objectively measured by the projection and measurement device 6, and this can also be considered subjectively.

[0074] Figure 2 The optical arrangement 1 according to the invention is schematically illustrated in block diagram form. Virtual or digital images can be projected by the projection and measuring device 6 as targets for measurement at different distances from the eyepiece 9 or the eyes 11 and 12 of the person 2. A first exemplary virtual image plane is indicated by reference numeral 16 and is located outside the shielding device 3. A second exemplary virtual image plane is indicated by reference numeral 17 and is located inside the shielding device 3. Possible variations in the position of the image plane in the viewing direction 7 are indicated by arrows with reference numeral 18.

[0075] The projected digital image content or virtual target can be displayed or projected monocularly or binocularly. For this purpose, the independent device 10 can be set monocularly or binocularly. For example... Figure 2 As indicated by arrow 15, the independent device 10, in the form of a display, can be tilted relative to each other and relative to the viewing direction 7. This allows for the determination of associated heterophoria and the measurement of the ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation.

[0076] The projection and measurement device 6 includes multiple control and measurement devices. Here, in the illustrated variant, an eye-tracking device 19, a projection unit 20 (e.g., in the form of a light field projector having at least one projector for projecting digital image content), an optometer unit 21, a wavefront sensor unit 22, and optionally an audio unit 23 are provided individually for each eye. The audio unit 23 may be a component of an HMI. The projection and measurement device 6 can be controlled objectively or automatically by a control unit 13 (which may be, for example, a tablet computer). Another control unit 14 (which may be, for example, a component of an HMI 40, or may be coupled to it for signal transmission) enables subjective (i.e., individualized) control, for example, by the person whose eye is to be measured or a support staff member.

[0077] Figures 3 to 6 Various variations of the operation and implementation modes of the optical arrangement according to the invention based on the beam path are shown.

[0078] exist Figure 3 In this device 10, an optical unit with at least one relay lens 30 is arranged below the device 10, which is configured as a curved reflective HUD. The optical unit is used to transmit the beam path 33 of the digital image content to be projected by the projector 20 and the beam path 34 of the eye-tracking device 19 to the eye box 9 or the corresponding eye 11 or 12, and to propagate the light emitted by the eye 11 or 12 to the optometer 21 and the wavefront sensor 22 arranged downstream of the optometer in the beam path.

[0079] In the beam path between at least one relay lens 30 and the optometer 21, a first coated reflector 31 is arranged, configured to be transmissive to visible light and reflective to infrared light. Alternatively, the reflector 31 may also be configured to be reflective to visible light and transmissive to infrared light. In the illustrated variant, an eye-tracking device 19 is arranged such that it transmits infrared light to the first reflector 31, and the infrared light propagates through the first reflector 31 to the eye box 9 or the eye 11 or 12, and the eye-tracking device detects the infrared light reflected from the eye. Alternatively, at least one of the cameras 5 may be used to track the gaze of the eye 11 or 12. As a result of the eye-tracking options used accordingly, the position of the device 10 can be set independently for each eye according to the current viewing direction. This is indicated by the arrow with reference numeral 26.

[0080] A second coated mirror 32 is arranged in the beam path 33 between the first reflector 31 and the optometer 21. This mirror is configured to be reflective of visible light and transmissive of a defined component of light (e.g., a defined wavelength or frequency range), specifically transmissive of light to be guided to the optometer 21 and wavefront sensor 22. Light is radiated onto the second reflector 32 by the projector 20, and the light reflected from the second reflector propagates to the eye box 9 or the eye 11 or 12.

[0081] As an alternative to the coated mirrors 31 and 32, another configuration can be used to achieve the corresponding beam splitting.

[0082] Projector 20 is configured as a light field projector. For example, it includes an LED matrix 27, a light field display 29 (e.g., in the form of an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) display), and at least one lens 28 disposed between the LED matrix 27 and the light field display 29. The light to be projected and the resulting (e.g., three-dimensional) digital image 25 can be dynamically changed by the light field projector 20. In this way, corrections to various refractive errors can be dynamically simulated, and thus accurate subjective refractive determination can be performed. As an alternative to the projector 20 shown, a quasi-static light field can be achieved using a microlens array in front of the display or by means of a pixel-like diffraction element array.

[0083] Figure 4 The variants shown are Figure 3 The variant shown differs in the configuration of the projector 20, except that... Figure 3 In addition to the configuration shown for improving image quality through angle-specific filtering effects, the projector also includes additional optical elements in the form of additional lenses 35 and 36, and an additional pinhole aperture 37. The plane in which the intermediate image is generated is labeled by reference numeral 38.

[0084] Figure 5 The variants shown are Figure 4 The difference in the variant shown is firstly the use of a planar reflective HUD 10 instead of a curved HUD 10, and secondly, the arrangement of additional optical elements (e.g., a relay lens 39) in the beam path downstream of the intermediate image plane 38. Since the HUD 10 no longer has optical effects (it is no longer curved, but planar), the optical effects are generated by the additional relay lens 39. In this case, light is projected to infinity.

[0085] Figure 6 The variants shown are Figure 5The difference in the variant shown is that HUD 10 includes an optical waveguide for propagating light via total internal reflection and / or for expanding the exit pupil. The optical waveguide can be implemented with or without pupil expansion (also known as pupil replication).

[0086] Figure 7 The flowchart schematically illustrates the method for operating based on the present invention. Figures 1 to 6 An exemplary method of optical arrangement according to the present invention is described.

[0087] In step S1, the person 2 is positioned relative to the eye box 9 such that the person 2's observation direction 7 extends through the individual device 10 (e.g., head-up display) for projecting digital image content in the direction of the arched surface 4 of the shielding device 3 for each eye 11 or 12.

[0088] In step S2, the device 10 for projecting digital image content 25 into the field of vision of the person 2 is aligned and set, for example adjusted and / or calibrated, relative to the positions of the eyes 11 and 12 to be measured, using the eye-tracking device 19. This is preferably implemented in an automated manner.

[0089] In step S3, images of the head of person 2 are captured by multiple cameras 5. In step S4, the center positioning of eyes 11 and 12 is determined (e.g., measured and / or calculated) using the captured images. A virtual avatar of the head of person 2 is advantageously generated using the captured images, and the center positioning of the eyes is determined (e.g., measured and / or calculated) using the generated virtual avatar.

[0090] In step S5, the objective refractive error of eyes 11 and 12 is determined (e.g., measured and / or calculated) by the projection and measurement device 6. In step S6, the subjective refractive error of eyes 11 and 12 is determined (e.g., measured and / or calculated) by the projection and measurement device 6. In this case, for example, digital image content 25 simulating refractive error correction (preferably starting from the determined objective refractive error) is projected into the visual field of person 2 by the projection device 20, and input from person 2 is received by the human-machine interface 40, particularly input for improving the simulated refractive error correction.

[0091] Steps S3 to S6 can also be performed in different orders or at least partially or completely simultaneously.

[0092] In optional step S7, virtual glasses (e.g., including eyeglass frames and / or lenses) can be provided and displayed to person 2 on the generated virtual body in the form of a digital image (e.g., a two-dimensional or three-dimensional digital image). This digital image is projected into person 2's field of vision and can be visually perceived by person 2. The digitally displayed glasses can be ordinary glasses, AR glasses, MR glasses, VR glasses, or glasses with progressive lenses.

[0093] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0094] 1 Optical Arrangement

[0095] 2 people

[0096] 3 shielding devices

[0097] 4 surfaces

[0098] 5 cameras

[0099] 6 Projection and Measurement Device

[0100] 7. Observation direction

[0101] 8 Observation Direction Area

[0102] 9-eye box

[0103] 10 Head-up Display

[0104] 11 eyes

[0105] 12 eyes

[0106] 13 Controllers

[0107] 14 Controllers

[0108] 15HUD settings

[0109] 16 Virtual Projection Planes

[0110] 17 Virtual Projection Plane

[0111] 18. Changes in the position of the virtual projection plane

[0112] 19 eye-tracking devices

[0113] 20 projectors

[0114] 21 refractometer

[0115] 22 wavefront sensors

[0116] 23HMI

[0117] 25. Digital image content (virtual content)

[0118] 26HUD settings

[0119] 27 LED matrix

[0120] 28 Lens or Illumination Lens

[0121] 29 Light Field Display

[0122] 30 relay lenses

[0123] 31 Coated Mirror

[0124] 32 Coated Mirror

[0125] 33 beam paths

[0126] 34 beam paths

[0127] 35 pinhole lens

[0128] 36 relay lenses

[0129] 37 pinhole aperture

[0130] 38 intermediate images

[0131] 39 relay lenses

[0132] 40 Human-Machine Interface (HMI)

[0133] S1 positions the person relative to the eye box.

[0134] S2 uses an eye-tracking device to align and set the HUD.

[0135] The S3 uses multiple cameras to capture images of a person's head.

[0136] S4 uses the captured image to determine the center location of the eye.

[0137] The S5 uses a projection and measurement device to determine the objective refractive error of the eye.

[0138] The S6 uses a projection and measurement device to determine the eye's subjective refractive error.

[0139] The S7 allows for virtual try-on on the device.

Claims

1. An optical device (1) for determining the objective and subjective refractive errors of a human eye and centering the eyeglasses in front of the eyes (11, 12) of the person (2), Its features are, The optical device (1) includes the following: - A shielding device (3) having an arched surface (4). - Multiple cameras (5) are used to capture images of the person's (2) head from different directions. - Projection and measurement device (6), the projection and measurement device including eye box (9), wherein the eye box (9) is arranged at a defined position relative to the shielding device (3), and - Human-machine interface, which is designed to communicate with the person (2), The projection and measuring device (6) includes - For each eye (11, 12), an independent device (10) is used to project digital image content into the visual field of the person (2) and to project and reflect a measurement beam to determine the objective refractive error of the person (2). - An eye-tracking device (5, 19) is used to automatically align and set the device (10) for projecting digital image content into the field of vision of the person (2) relative to the position of the eye (11, 12) to be measured. - Devices (21, 22) for measuring objective refraction of the eye (11, 12), and - Projector (20) for projecting at least one image that can be visually perceived as digital image content (25) from the eye box (9).

2. The optical device (1) as described in claim 1. Its features are, The optical device (1) is designed to simultaneously measure the central positioning of the eyes (11, 12) and the objective and / or subjective refractive power of the eyes (11, 12).

3. The optical device (1) as described in claim 1 or 2. Its features are, The shielding device (3) is configured as a hemisphere, or screen, or shield, or dome, or an open free-form hollow body, and / or the arched surface is shaped as a spherical or aspherical surface, or in the form of a hollow spherical cutout, a hollow cylindrical cutout, or a hollow truncated cone cutout, and / or includes a flat surface area.

4. The optical device (1) as described in any one of claims 1 to 3. Its features are, The shielding device (3) is implemented and / or arranged such that, starting from a point within the eyebox (9), the shielding device covers a defined solid angle range in the azimuth plane and / or the meridional plane, respectively.

5. The optical device (1) as described in claim 4. Its features are, Starting from a point within the eye box (9), the shielding device (3) covers an angular range of at least 5 degrees in the meridional plane and / or an angular range of at least 5 degrees in the azimuth plane.

6. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5. Its features are, The arched surface (4) of the shielding device (3) is configured to emit light with controllable brightness in order to provide a measurement environment for photopic and / or mesopic and / or scotopic refractive measurements and / or contrast sensitivity measurements.

7. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6. Its features are, The arched surface (4) of the shielding device (3) has an average radius of curvature between 0.1 m and 4 m.

8. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7. Its features are, The optical device (1) is implemented to project digital image content (25) into the eye box (9), which can be perceived at infinity in the viewing region (7, 8) for use in distance refractive measurements. Starting from the eye box (9), the occlusion device (3) has a region in the defined visual area (7, 8) at the arched surface (4), which has less or no monocular and / or binocular accommodative stimulation compared to the area of ​​the arched surface (4) located outside the region.

9. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8. Its features are, The masking device (3) includes a component for receiving at least one of the plurality of cameras (5) for capturing images to generate a virtual avatar of the head of the person (2), and / or at least one of the plurality of cameras (5) is fastened in the masking device (3) and / or fastened at the masking device (3), and / or integrated into the masking device.

10. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9. Its features are, The optical device (1) includes 1 to 20 cameras (5) for capturing images to generate a virtual avatar of the head of the person (2), and / or Multiple cameras (5) used to capture images to generate a virtual avatar of the head of the person (2) are arranged in a horizontally extending straight line or curve along the azimuth or horizontal solid angle range, or in a horizontally extending strip area, or in a horizontally extending plane.

11. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10. Its features are, At least one camera (5) for capturing images to generate a virtual avatar of the head of the person (2) is arranged relative to the eye box (9) such that the camera is designed to capture the back of the ear of the person (2).

12. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11. Its features are, The at least one camera (5) or multiple cameras (5) are designed to determine the center positioning of the eyes (11, 12) of a person (2), and / or The at least one camera (5) or multiple cameras (5) used to capture images to generate virtual avatars are designed for virtual try-on of digital eyeglass frames and / or AR and / or MR glasses and / or VR glasses.

13. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12. Its features are, The projector (20) is implemented as a light field projector.

14. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13. Its features are, Each independent device (10) for projecting digital image content (25) into the field of vision (8) of the person (2) comprises a semi-transparent optical element, which is respectively configured to radiate a measuring beam from a device (21, 22) for measuring the objective refraction of the eye (11, 12) into the corresponding eye (11, 12), and to guide the wavefront emitted by the corresponding eye (11, 12) to the wavefront sensor (22) of the device (21, 22) for measuring the objective refraction of the eye (11, 12), and / or The translucent optical elements are respectively configured to radiate the measurement beam of the projector (20) into the corresponding eyes (11, 12) for measuring the subjective refractive error of the eyes (11, 12), and / or The translucent optical elements are respectively configured to project the digital image (25) as a virtual gaze target to infinity and / or to project the digital image (25) as a virtual gaze target to a distance corresponding to the measured objective refractive error.

15. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14. Its features are, The projector (20) is configured to emit digital image content (25) that mimics the correction of the measured refractive error.

16. The optical device (1) as claimed in claim 15. Its features are, The projector (20) is implemented as a light field projector, wherein the projector (20) includes a display (27) constructed of pixels and an array (28) of refractive and / or diffractive optical elements arranged on the display (27), and / or The projector (20) is designed to dynamically generate a light field by projecting multiple images of different views of the object to be imaged at a frequency of at least 20 Hz. And / or the projector (20) includes a spatial light modulator for locally adapting the amplitude and phase of the light waves, And / or the projector (20) includes a device for retinal projection, which is implemented to simulate test lenses.

17. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16. Its features are, The projection and measurement device (6) includes a head-up display (10) which includes an optical waveguide with or without pupil replication.

18. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17. Its features are, The optical device (1) is designed to measure the parameters required for manufacturing eyeglasses in time intervals of less than 15 minutes and / or at a single measurement location and in a single time period.

19. The optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18. Its features are, The eye-tracking device is designed to communicate with the person (2) and / or to measure convergence and divergence.

20. A method for operating the optical device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, Its features are, The method includes the following steps: - Position the person (2) relative to the eye box (9) such that the person's (2) gaze (7) extends for each eye (11, 12) in the direction of the arched surface (4) of the shielding device (3) through the individual device (10) for projecting digital image content (25) (S1). - Using the eye-tracking device (5, 19), the device (10) for projecting digital image content (25) into the field of vision of the person (2) is aligned and set relative to the position of the eye (11, 12) to be measured (S2). - Using multiple cameras (5), capture an image of the person's (2) head (S3). - Using the captured image, determine the center position of the glasses in front of the eyes (11, 12) of the person (2) (S4). -The objective refractive error of the eye (11, 12) is determined by means of the projection and measurement device (6). -The subjective refractive error of the eye (11, 12) is determined by means of the projection and measurement device (6), wherein a digital image content (25) simulating refractive error correction is projected into the field of vision of the person (2), and the input of the person (2) is received by means of the human-machine interface (40).

21. The method of claim 20, Its features are, Using the captured image, a virtual avatar of the person's (2) head is generated, and the center position of the glasses in front of the eyes (11, 12) is determined by using the generated virtual avatar.

22. The method as described in claim 21, Its features are, Provide virtual glasses and display them to the person (2) on the generated virtualization in the form of digital image content projected into the person's (2) field of vision (S7).

23. The method as described in any one of claims 20 to 22, Its features are, The near accommodation of the person (2) is determined within the range of objective and / or subjective refractive error of the eye (11, 12), wherein the digital image content (25) is displayed to the person (2) monocularly and the distance of the digital image content (25) from the eye (11, 12) is reduced until the person (2) can no longer focus the image clearly.

24. The method as described in any one of claims 20 to 23, Its features are, Using a stereoscopic display, an individualized focal plane is determined for the person (2) to project digital image content.

25. The method of claim 24, Its features are, To determine the individualized focal plane, the person (2)’s heterophoria is determined for at least one defined distance from the eyes (11, 12), and / or the person (2)’s convergence is determined for at least one defined distance from the eyes (11, 12), wherein the test subject is projected as a fusion stimulus into the person’s (2) visual field, and the focal plane is defined based on the determined heterophoria and / or the determined convergence.

26. The method as described in claim 24 or 25, Its features are, Calculate the ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation, and define the focal plane based on the calculated ratio.

Images