Load-based modulated hydronic circuit technology method and device for optimal configuration of multiple heat pumps

Abstract

A hydronic heating system is provided that can coordinate heat pumps, valves, and load circuits based on load factors and operating condition factors to evaluate optimal hydronic heating circuit configurations. In an example, the hydronic heating system includes: an air-liquid heat pump connected hydronically to a first load circuit; a liquid-liquid heat pump docked to a second source circuit and connected hydronically to the second load circuit; a water storage tank connected hydronically to the second load circuit and connected hydronically to a water circuit having a supply inlet and a water outlet; at least one three-way valve connecting the air-liquid heat pump to the liquid-liquid heat pump in a hydronic manner; and at least one controller configured to coordinate control of the at least one three-way valve, the air-liquid heat pump, and the liquid-liquid heat pump.

Description

[0001] Cross-referencing

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 600258, filed November 17, 2023, entitled “Load-based Regulated Plumbing Loop Technology and Apparatus for Optimized Configuration of Multiple Heat Pumps,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their detailed description below. Technical Field

[0003] The example implementation generally involves temperature control of the space and water supply within the premises. Background Technology

[0004] Many existing conventional heating systems are carbon-based furnaces or natural gas boilers. In residential and commercial properties with water-based systems, such as radiators that use water-based fluids to transfer heat from the machine room to the utilities, the water-based system is typically used only for space heating. Such water-based systems usually obtain heat from natural gas or propane boilers. These emit greenhouse gases, so the goal is to convert a large number of existing boiler-based heating systems to electrically driven heat pumps. These heat pumps extract heat from the cold outside air and transfer it to the water-based fluid in a similar manner to heat from a boiler, but without burning fossil fuels.

[0005] Replacing a boiler with a heat pump presents several challenges, ranging from the cleanliness and condition of the water and radiators to the available operating temperatures of both the boiler and the heat pump. Traditional boiler systems are designed to utilize supply water temperatures up to 180℉ (82.22℃) and return water temperatures of 130-150℉ (54.44-65.56℃). Modern heat pump systems, on the same design day, may only provide temperatures up to 140℉ (60℃) and return water temperatures between 90-100℉ (32.22-37.78℃). Therefore, in most retrofit applications, radiators may not be able to provide the required heat, necessitating larger surface areas. Furthermore, to deliver the same amount of heat with smaller supply and return water temperature differences, higher flow rates are required, meaning larger piping, larger pumps, and larger on-site equipment such as filling, draining, treatment, filtration, control valve systems, isolation valve systems, and expansion control devices. Not only are conversion projects to heat pumps challenging, but conversions often result in a loss of operational efficiency because the old system can fill the storage tank with domestic hot water to maintain the comfort of the space, regardless of whether the heating system is running or not.

[0006] Some heat pump systems incorporate cascaded refrigerant loops, creating highly complex machines designed to provide sufficient temperature rise for domestic hot water services. In scenarios where high-temperature heat pumps are installed specifically for domestic hot water, these pumps are often hampered by size limitations due to their energy efficiency ratings. When residents require hot water and the storage tank is insufficient, the heat pump's reheating rate is low, and it operates outside its most efficient operating point. Worse still, if one or any of the relevant refrigerant heat pumps in a building fails, domestic hot water, space heating circulation water, or in some cases, both may become unavailable. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Providing systems, methods, technologies, processes, and apparatus that overcome the aforementioned drawbacks may be beneficial, yielding optimal results from heat pump technology to address the challenges of temperature conditions, operational efficiency under various extreme conditions, and resilient retrofitting at lower upfront costs. It should be noted that while heat pumps are often most efficient at full load in heating mode, most comfort cooling or heating systems operate at less than 50% of their design load for over 95% of their operating time. Therefore, employing dual-capacity heat pumps with multiple configurations (modes) for different scenarios can improve the operating efficiency of a single heat pump and potentially reduce the start-stop cycles of the heat pump at lower loads because two heat pumps can be made smaller than if only one large heat pump were allocated to handle the entire workload. By keeping the two refrigerant circuits independent and avoiding cascading or other refrigerant circuit combinations, each heat pump is more resilient because their ability to provide partial or full temperature control services is unconstrained or independent of each other.

[0008] The example embodiments relate to the field of automatic control systems for temperature control systems, flow control systems, and plumbing systems, such as pumps, booster devices, and circulation devices for fans and centrifuges, as well as related systems. For example, the example embodiments relate to a space temperature control and liquid supply system.

[0009] The example embodiment relates to a hydronic heating system that can coordinate heat pumps, valves, and load circuits based on load and operating conditions to evaluate the optimal hydronic heating circuit operating configuration.

[0010] The example embodiments relate to heat pump applications in hydronic heating systems, some of which are used for heating domestic hot water. In each of these systems, there are occasional high-temperature demands, or high-temperature rise demands relative to the heat pump heat sink. In these situations, at least one controller can reconfigure the heat pump to meet operating conditions such as high or low temperature setpoints, high-capacity heat loads, and high-temperature and low-temperature rise scenarios; standard fixed configurations cannot achieve such a wide range of operating conditions, nor can they achieve the significant energy efficiency improvements obtained through this method. In the examples, various configurations are implemented via the hydronic interconnect of the heat pump.

[0011] The example embodiment relates to a digitally based automation device that enables multiple heat pumps in a hydronic system (e.g., a heating and / or cooling system) to operate in parallel, series, or a combination of parallel and series configurations. The device's operating mode employs load-based and condition-based digital model inputs to evaluate the optimal hydronic loop configuration for the device, which allows multiple heat pumps to deliver the required heating or cooling in an optimal manner.

[0012] An example embodiment is a hydronic heating system, comprising: an air-to-liquid heat pump, which is connected to a first source circuit to air and hydronically connected to a first load circuit having a first load input and a first load output; at least one hydronic heating coil, which is hydronically connected to the first load circuit; a liquid-to-liquid heat pump, which is connected to a second source circuit having a second source input and a second source output and hydronically connected to the second load circuit having a second load input and a second load output; a water storage tank, which is hydronically connected to the second load circuit and hydronically connected to a water circuit having a water supply input and a water consumption output; at least one three-way valve, which hydronically connects the air-to-liquid heat pump to the liquid-to-liquid heat pump; and at least one controller configured to coordinate control of at least one three-way valve, the air-to-liquid heat pump, and the liquid-to-liquid heat pump.

[0013] Another example embodiment is a hydronic heating system, comprising: a first heat pump, which is connected to a first source circuit having a first source input and a first source output, and is hydronically connected to a first load circuit having a first load input and a first load output; a second heat pump, which is connected to a second source circuit having a second source input and a second source output, and is hydronically connected to a second load circuit having a second load input and a second load output; a plurality of three-way valves, including: a first three-way valve that hydronically connects the first load output of the first load circuit to the second source input of the second source circuit; a second three-way valve that hydronically connects the first load input of the first load circuit to the second source output of the second source circuit; a third three-way valve that hydronically connects the first load output of the first load circuit to the second load output of the second load circuit; and a fourth three-way valve that hydronically connects the first load input of the first load circuit to the second load input of the second load circuit; and at least one controller configured to coordinate control of the plurality of three-way valves, the first heat pump, and the second heat pump.

[0014] Another exemplary embodiment is a method for controlling any of the above-described water heating systems, including changing the state of at least one three-way valve.

[0015] In another exemplary embodiment of the method, changing the state includes causing the corresponding pathways between the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump, i.e., between the first load output terminal and the second source input terminal, and between the first load input terminal and the second source output terminal.

[0016] In another example embodiment of the method, changing the state includes opening the corresponding pathways between the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump, i.e., between the second load output terminal and the first load output terminal, and between the first load input terminal and the second load input terminal.

[0017] Another example embodiment is a non-transitory computer-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by at least one controller, cause at least one controller to perform any of the methods described above. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The embodiments will now be described by way of example only, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 A water heating system according to an example embodiment is shown, the system including a space conditioning system with a first heat pump and a water supply system with a second heat pump; Figure 2 An example embodiment is shown. Figure 1 The water heating system is in a mode of operation where the water supply is supplied from the spatial regulation system to the water supply system; Figure 3 An example embodiment is shown. Figure 1 The water heating system is in a mode of operation that supplies water from the water supply system to the space conditioning system; Figure 4 It shows what will be used in Figure 1 An exemplary heat pump in a water heating system; Figure 5 It shows the method for using Figure 1 Water heating system control Figure 2 The flowchart of the operation mode method; Figure 6 It shows the method for using Figure 1 Water heating system control Figure 3 The flowchart of the operation mode method; Figure 7 It shows Figure 1 An exemplary load curve of the water heating system or its individual load; and Figure 8 An example embodiment is shown for use Figure 1 An example flow control system for a water heating system.

[0019] The same reference numerals in all the accompanying figures are used to denote similar elements and features. Detailed Implementation

[0020] At least some example embodiments typically include automated control systems for temperature control systems and circulation devices such as pumps, booster units, fans, centrifuges, and related systems.

[0021] At least some exemplary embodiments typically include a water heating system, such as a flow control system or a temperature control system. The exemplary embodiments relate to a "process" in an industrial sense, meaning a process that utilizes inputs (e.g., cold water, fuel, air, etc.) to output products (e.g., hot water, air, space temperature control).

[0022] In pumping systems where flow demand varies over time, there are several routine processes to adjust the operation of one or more pumps to meet this demand without exceeding the pressure rating of the plumbing system, and it is beneficial to improve or optimize energy consumption.

[0023] Figure 1 A hydronic heating system 100 according to an example embodiment is shown, which includes a space conditioning system 102 and a water supply system 104. The space conditioning system 102 is configured to regulate the temperature of a space such as a place, residence, building, or ship. For example, the space conditioning system 102 may be part of a place's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The water supply system 104 is configured to provide drinking water. The hydronic heating system 100 may operate in a cooling mode or a heating mode depending on the needs of the place. Examples of cooling systems are chillers, air conditioners, data cooling centers, etc. Examples of heating systems are boiler units, hot water supply units, furnaces, etc.

[0024] The space conditioning system 102 includes a first heat pump 106 (e.g., an air-to-liquid heat pump, such as an air-to-water heat pump 106), and the water supply system 104 includes a second heat pump 114 (e.g., a liquid-to-liquid heat pump, such as a water-to-water heat pump 114). The first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 are each configured to extract heat or cold energy from a source according to the specific needs of the location. In the example, the source, which may be a heat source or a cold source, may be the environment, thermal energy storage, a data center, hydrogen energy, a district energy system, geothermal energy, a boiler, solar thermal, wastewater, ground source heat sinks, cooling towers, natural water, etc. In the example, a wall 156 separates the interior of the location from the exterior (environment). The first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 may be configured to interchange their flow and operating sequence, thereby operating in heating or cooling mode as needed. In the example, the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 have variable, controllable motors. In the example, the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 have one or more sensors 160 for detecting parameters such as rotational speed, power, pressure, flow rate and / or temperature.

[0025] Typically, the plumbing system 100 has a controllable plumbing interconnect to control the flow between the space conditioning system 102 and the water supply system 104. The plumbing system 100 includes a circulating fluid, such as water. For example, the controllable plumbing interconnect can be controlled to improve the efficiency of one or both of the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114. For example, the controllable plumbing interconnect can be controlled to supply energy to a specific demand load of one or both of the space conditioning system 102 or the water supply system 104, especially under extreme temperatures. In one example, the output of the water supply system 104 may be partially or entirely redirected to the space conditioning system 102. In one example, the output of the space conditioning system 102 may be partially or entirely redirected to the water supply system 104. At least one controller 150 (illustrated as one, also referred to herein as "controller 150") is configured to receive parameters of the plumbing system 100 from a sensor 160 and control the operation of one or more devices in the plumbing system 100. In this example, controller 150 can be configured to operate automatically (autonomously) or receive manual control commands. In this example, controller 150 can be configured to improve or optimize energy efficiency or to achieve the temperature regulation required for the site's water heating system 100.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, referring to the space conditioning system 102, the air-to-water heat pump 106 is interfaced with a first source loop 108 to the air (e.g., the environment) and is hydrothermally connected to a first load loop 110 having a first load input 128 and a first load output 130. A first pump 146(1) is configured to pressurize the water flow from the air-to-water heat pump 106 to the first load output 130 to power the load. In this example, the first pump 146(1) is integrated with the air-to-water heat pump 106 (e.g., during factory assembly or in the field). In this example, the first pump 146(1) is a variable pump with a variable controllable motor.

[0027] The first load circuit 110 includes at least one water-heated coil 112 serving as a load, which is connected in a water-heated manner to the first load output terminal 130. The at least one water-heated coil 112 can receive cold water for cooling one or more spaces within the premises, and can receive hot water for heating the one or more spaces. In some examples not shown in the figures, a fan is configured to blow air across the at least one water-heated coil 112 to promote temperature circulation and distribution. In another example not shown in the figures, a heat exchanger is docked to the at least one water-heated coil 112 to provide temperature regulation to another subsystem, powering another load.

[0028] The water supply system 104 includes a second load circuit 118, a third load circuit 126, and a water supply circuit 122. The water supply system 104 is configured to supply domestic water, for example, through loads at the location, piping systems, sprinkler systems, faucets, users, and / or devices.

[0029] The water supply system 104 includes a water storage tank 120, which can be a tank-type water heater. The water storage tank 120 is configured to heat and store water, thus serving as a hot water storage tank. In the example, the water circuit 122 of the water storage tank 120 has a water supply inlet 136, for example from a municipal water supply, wastewater treatment system, filter, or other drinking water supply. The water storage tank 120 outputs to a water outlet 138 for use, for example for building water or domestic water. The water storage tank 120 is connected to a second load circuit 118 in a hydronic manner. A water-to-water heat exchanger (not shown) is provided between the water storage tank 120 and the second load circuit 118 to prevent the transfer of required heat without mixing drinking water from the water supply inlet 136 with the second load circuit 118.

[0030] In the example, when there is sufficient hot water in the water storage 120, the water in the second load circuit 118 can be redirected and circulated to the space conditioning system 102 to power loads such as the water heating coil 112.

[0031] Water-to-water heat pump 114 is connected in a hydronic manner to a second source circuit 116. The second source circuit 116 includes a second source input 140 and a second source output 142. Water-to-water heat pump 114 is connected in a hydronic manner to a second load circuit 118. The second load circuit 118 has a second load input 132 and a second load output 134. A second pump 146(2) is configured to pressurize the water flow from water-to-water heat pump 114 through the second load output 134 to a water reservoir 120. In the example, the second pump 146(2) is integrated with water-to-water heat pump 114 (e.g., during factory assembly or in the field). In the example, the second pump 146(2) is a variable pump with a variable controllable motor. In several examples, the first pump 146(1) and the second pump 146(2) are located at different locations within the hydronic system 100, and / or there are additional pumps within the hydronic system 100.

[0032] The air-to-water heat exchanger 124 includes a radiator 148, which interfaces with a third source loop 154, such as air (ambient). In some examples, the radiator 148 may include a fan coil unit. The air-to-water heat exchanger 124 is hydrothermally connected to a third load loop 126, which is hydrothermally connected to a second source loop 116. The air-to-water heat exchanger 124 operates as a heat exhaust and / or heat sink interface. In other examples, the radiator 148 may be replaced by a ground source loop or other heat source interface.

[0033] Similarly, in an example not shown in the figure, the first heat pump 106 may include a second liquid-liquid heat pump and a radiator that interfaces with a first source loop 108 to air (e.g., the environment).

[0034] The hydronic heating system 100 includes at least one three-way valve (each or more three-way valves are referred to as 144) that connects the air-to-water heat pump 106 to the water-to-water heat pump 114 in a hydronic manner. Figure 1 The example shown includes a first three-way valve 144(1), a second three-way valve 144(2), a third three-way valve 144(3), and a fourth three-way valve 144(4). The first three-way valve 144(1) connects the first load output terminal 130 of the first load circuit 110 to the second source input terminal 140 of the second source circuit 116 via a water heating method. The second three-way valve 144(2) connects the first load input terminal 128 of the first load circuit 110 to the second source output terminal 142 of the second source circuit 116 via a water heating method. The third three-way valve 144(3) connects the first load output terminal 130 of the first load circuit 110 to the second load output terminal 134 of the second load circuit 118 via a water heating method. The fourth three-way valve 144(4) connects the first load input terminal 128 of the first load circuit 110 to the second load input terminal 132 of the second load circuit 118 via a water heating method.

[0035] In the example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the plumbing system 100 includes at least one tee fitting 152 to provide plumbing interconnections within the plumbing system 100. Figure 1 As shown, multiple T-joints 152 are connected to the space regulation system 102 and the water supply system 104 via a water heating system. Figure 1 As shown, each tee connector 152 includes a tee open passage. In other examples, any connector may be a different connector with more or fewer than three passages. In the examples, the tee connector 152 may be interchangeable with other tee connectors 152 in the plumbing system 100, and / or share the same circuit with other tee connectors 152.

[0036] Controller 150 is configured to coordinate control of at least three-way valve 144, air-to-water heat pump 106, and water-to-water heat pump 114. In some examples, controller 150 is also configured to coordinate control of first pump 146(1) and / or second pump 146(2). Controller 150 is configured to receive data from sensors 160, such as sensor data, programming instructions, and manual instructions. Examples of sensors 160 include pressure sensors, flow sensors, temperature sensors, pump motor speed sensors, or power sensors, and related data can be detected and transmitted by these sensors 160. In examples, motor speed sensors and power sensors may be associated with first heat pump 106, second heat pump 114, first pump 146(1), and / or second pump 146(2). In examples, the respective motors of first heat pump 106, second heat pump 114, first pump 146(1), and / or second pump 146(2) are variable controllable motors, and controller 150 can control the variable controllable motors. In this example, controller 150 may be a dedicated computer or server on-site, or a remote server such as a cloud server. In this example, the functional elements of controller 150 may be located in the first heat pump 106 and / or the second heat pump 114, or in other devices within the plumbing system 100.

[0037] In the example, such as Figure 1 As shown, during the operation of the water heating system 100, the water or circulating fluid in the first load circuit 110, the second source circuit 116, and the second load circuit 118 are in a completely closed loop. This arrangement means that the water or circulating fluid will not be exposed to external contaminants, nor will it mix with the drinking water at the water supply outlet 138.

[0038] In the example, three-way valve 144 is a three-way isolating diverter valve. Controller 150 is configured to change the state of a particular three-way variable diverter valve to selectively provide passage between two of the three ports of a particular three-way diverter valve 144.

[0039] In other examples, the three-way valve 144 is a three-way variable flow divider valve. The controller 150 is configured to change the state of a particular three-way variable flow divider valve 144 so that the three-way variable flow divider valve 144 maintains a partially variable position. This partially variable position is another variable that can be optimized by the controller 150.

[0040] In some examples not shown in the figures, the water heating system 100 includes at least one or more additional heat pumps corresponding to additional three-way valves 144, which can be selectively controlled by the controller 150 such that at least one of the additional heat pumps operates in parallel or in series with the first heat pump 106 and / or the second heat pump 114.

[0041] In some examples shown in the figure, controller 150 is also configured to coordinate control with other devices in the plumbing system 100, such as at least one equipment station component, a microprocessor-based device, or a control sequence.

[0042] According to the example embodiment, Figure 2 Show Figure 1 The water heating system 100 is in the operation mode of supplying water from the space regulation system 102 to the water supply system 104. Figure 2 This illustrates how the controller 150 controls the plumbing interconnects in the plumbing system 100 to provide extremely high water temperatures (e.g., for domestic use) to the water storage tank 120. Figure 2 As shown, the first three-way valve 144(1) is controlled to open the passage between the air-to-water heat pump 106 and the water-to-water heat pump 114, that is, the passage between the first load output terminal 130 and the second source input terminal 140. Figure 2 As shown, the second three-way valve 144(2) is controlled to open the passage between the first load input terminal 128 and the second source output terminal 142. Figure 2 The operating mode shown in the diagram illustrates that the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 operate in series to power the water storage tank 120.

[0043] According to the example embodiment, Figure 3 Show Figure 1 The water heating system 100 is in the operation mode of supplying water from the water supply system 104 to the space regulation system 102. Figure 3 This illustrates how, when the hot water storage level in the water tank 120 is determined to be sufficient, the controller 150 controls the water heating interconnects in the water heating system 100 to enable the space regulation system 102 to operate at high capacity or high efficiency. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the third three-way valve 144(3) is controlled to open the passage between the air-to-water heat pump 106 and the water-to-water heat pump 114, that is, the passage between the second load output terminal 134 and the first load output terminal 130. Figure 3 As shown, the fourth three-way valve 144(4) is controlled to open the passage between the first load input terminal 128 and the second load input terminal 132. Figure 3 The operating mode shown in the diagram illustrates that the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 operate in parallel to power the water heating coil 112 of the space conditioning system 102 or other loads.

[0044] Therefore, the water-to-water heat pump 114 consumes less energy to reach its setpoint compared to the separate outputs of the air-to-water heat pump 106 and the water-to-water heat pump 114. Each of the air-to-water heat pump 106 and the water-to-water heat pump 114 is selectable to operate at full load when needed or for most of the time (or design day). Each of the air-to-water heat pump 106 and the water-to-water heat pump 114 can be shut off when neither is needed, or when one of the air-to-water heat pump 106 or the water-to-water heat pump 114 can maintain the load of both the space conditioning system 102 and the water supply system 104. In this example, the setpoint is a parameter of at least one load, such as the water coil 112 and / or the water usage output 138. Examples of setpoints include the temperature of the water coil 112, or the temperature of the space powered by the water coil 112. Examples of setpoints include the temperature of domestic water output 138 or the downstream load powered by domestic water output 138.

[0045] In some examples, additional control valves (not shown) are used to manage the flow rate to the plumbing coil 112. The control valves may be two-way valves. In the examples, each two-way valve may be used to manage the flow rate to each plumbing coil 112. As the valve opens, the pressure differential across the valve decreases. The controller 150 responds to this change by increasing the pump speed of the first heat pump 106 (or the first pump 146(1)) to achieve a specified output setpoint. If the control valve closes, the pressure differential across the valve increases, and the controller 150 responds to this change by decreasing the pump speed of the first heat pump 106 (or the first pump 146(1)) to achieve a specified output setpoint. The controller 150 performs similar operations on the water supply system 104, which may have faucets or other valves.

[0046] In the example of the water heating system 100, the controller 150 assesses real-time load demand based on operating conditions. Whether it is a basic load for heating or cooling, or an extreme temperature load (such as the high temperatures required for washing or showering, or extreme weather conditions), it can adapt by changing the arrangement of the water heating piping between the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 to achieve the following: A. Parallel configuration of a single load, B. Independent configuration of a single heat pump for two loads. C. Multiple heat pumps are connected in parallel to a second load, while the main base heat pump is used as a heating / cooling load, and / or D. Two or more heat pumps in a fully series configuration for an extreme load scenario of heating at high temperatures or cooling at low temperatures.

[0047] In the example of the hydronic heating system 100, the controller 150 can sense the load scenario and optimal response configuration based on the flow rate, temperature, and load scenario of the external heat sink, thereby allowing two independent heat pump loops to deliver heating or cooling services. These two heat pump loops are interconnected in a hydronic manner, providing better capacity operating range, head, extreme temperatures, and operating efficiency at a lower total installed capacity compared to operating in an interconnected manner. The hydronic heating system 100, which can interconnect the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114, can achieve even better performance, wherein the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 can use the same or different refrigerants, have the same or different capacities, or can be used in combination with other heat sources / heat sinks, which may be, for example, data centers, hydrogen energy, district energy systems, thermal storage tanks, ground source coils, wastewater flows, or any other possible heat sources / heat sinks that allow for better performance.

[0048] In the example of the plumbing system 100, the control method of the controller 150 is further enhanced when combined with the performance parameterization of the equipment and devices used to map the plumbing system 100.

[0049] In the example of the water heating system 100, the control method of the controller 150 is further enhanced when it is combined with self-learning optimization algorithms, model optimization and / or machine learning.

[0050] In some exemplary embodiments, controller 150 operates a control system for plumbing system 100. Plumbing system 100 operates in a control loop to periodically optimize a model for at least one optimizable input variable based on detected variables. The model provides predictions of input variable usage at all possible operating points or paths for system variables to achieve output setpoints. In some example embodiments, the control loop operates during the initial setup and subsequent operation of one or more operable elements in the operable system. In some exemplary embodiments, the control system is self-learning, and at least some initial and subsequent parameters of the system are automatically determined during operation, e.g., without manual configuration.

[0051] In the example, the water heating system 100 may include a heat recovery mode, such as recovering heat from hot water to the water storage tank 120.

[0052] In the example, the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 may serve the same or different loads.

[0053] In the example, the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 may be in the same mode or different modes (e.g., heating or cooling).

[0054] In the example, controller 150 includes, controls, or acquires data from necessary three-way valves 144 and sensors 160 (such as temperature sensors, flow and load indicators, or their inherent computing capabilities).

[0055] In the example, controller 150 is configured to adjust the interconnected hydronic circuit configuration of hydronic system 100 in transition mode to avoid compromising load-side comfort or damaging the heat pump cooling cycles of first heat pump 106 and second heat pump 114.

[0056] In the example, the water heating system 100 incorporates and utilizes an additional water storage device, such as water storage device 120, for the purpose of heat storage or domestic water use.

[0057] In the example, the water heating system 100 can be integrated with and utilize an additional ground source heat sink or heat storage device.

[0058] In the example of controller 150, the application of automation logic can be performed manually, automatically, autonomously, or by any method of operation. This automation logic is used to sequence the various water and heating loops of the water and heating system 100 (e.g., the space conditioning system 102 and the water supply system 104) to optimize the configuration of the first heat pump 106, the second heat pump 114, and other equipment station components.

[0059] In the example, the plumbing system 100 is manufactured in a factory or constructed by a third party in a factory, site (on-site), or some other location.

[0060] In the example, any or all of the first heat pump 106, the second heat pump 114, the first pump 146(1), and / or the second pump 146(2) are so-called intelligent sensorless pumps that can adjust their own speed and transmit flow readings. Flow data from specific intelligent sensorless pumps are used to determine the heating or cooling load of various systems. The intelligent sensorless pumps can share their power consumption, speed, and other important operating parameters with the controller 150 for the controller 150 to predict, model, and control the optimal operating configuration and operating point.

[0061] In the example, the intelligent sensorless pump requires no external sensor data. Intelligent sensorless control allows the pump to adjust its motor speed to suit system requirements without external signals. In other words, the intelligent sensorless pump simulates the performance of a remotely installed sensor by pre-programming the pump's curve characteristics into its integrated control. An example of intelligent sensorless control is coordinating the power and speed detected by the intelligent sensorless pump itself with the resulting flow rate and head, based on the system design of the plumbing system 100 for a specific location. Two or more intelligent sensorless pumps can also operate in conjunction, which may be referred to as coordinated sensorless pumps or parallel sensorless pumps, depending on the situation.

[0062] In the example, the number of pumps that generate circulation within the water heating system 100 can be configured to be more or less than the number of the first pump 146(1) and / or the second pump 146(2). For example, the load output from the air-water heat exchanger 124 to the third load loop 126 has a third pump (not shown in the figure).

[0063] Controller 150 may include diagnostic techniques that apply digital modeling, such as performance parameterization. In this example, the performance parameterization is learned in-situ during operation to collect operational baseline data. In this example, the aforementioned data is used to verify the performance of the system and equipment. In this example, early data parameters can be set as a benchmark in real time for comparison with future performance, thereby detecting performance degradation of individual units in the equipment station. In this example, by identifying digital performance degradation, the ability to recommend service activities under a state-based maintenance approach is provided.

[0064] In some examples, initial performance parameterization is performed on the device after assembly and before it is installed in the plumbing system 100 or before it is maintained. The device's parameters can be tested under various operating conditions using stand-alone test fixtures or test benches to evaluate its performance parameterization.

[0065] The first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 have on-demand available capacity, enabling the allocation of multiple configurations (modes) for different scenarios. This can improve the operating efficiency of a single heat pump and potentially reduce the start-stop cycles of the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 under low loads. This is because the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 can be made smaller compared to allocating only one large heat pump to handle all operating loads. By keeping the two refrigerant circuits independent and avoiding cascading or other refrigerant circuit combinations, each of the first heat pump 106 and the second heat pump 114 has stronger resilience because their ability to provide partial or full temperature control services is unconstrained or independent of each other.

[0066] Figure 4 Shown in Figure 1 An example heat pump 400 used in the water heating system 100. The example heat pump 400 shown is an air-liquid heat pump (e.g., Figure 1 The air-to-water heat pump 106 is an example. A similar heat pump 400, with appropriate modifications, can be used as a liquid-to-liquid heat pump (e.g., Figure 1 (Water-to-water heat pump 114 in the example). Heat pump 400 can be used to output temperature control to the circulating medium to provide either heating or cooling, depending on the situation. In the example, heat pump 400 can be reversed to provide either cooling or heating to the circulating medium, depending on the situation.

[0067] Figure 4The heat pump 400 shown includes a circulating medium (e.g., refrigerant), an evaporator 402, a compressor 404, a condenser 406, and an expansion valve 408. Air flows through the evaporator 402 to acquire heat, which is then transferred to the circulating refrigerant. The refrigerant, now vaporized, is compressed by the compressor 404, increasing its heat before it reaches the condenser 406. The refrigerant releases heat to the surrounding water using a heat exchanger (not shown). The condenser 406 condenses the refrigerant back into a liquid state to restart the cycle.

[0068] The heat pump 400 operates on a similar principle as a water-to-water heat pump, but it extracts heat from a water source instead of the air. The heat pump 400 is highly efficient in temperature-stable environments, such as geothermal systems or water circulation systems. In settings where water is a more stable heat reservoir than air, the heat pump 400 is particularly useful, providing an efficient alternative for heating water in various operating conditions.

[0069] As is known in the art, for example, heat pump 400 can be reversed to provide chilled water as a load output.

[0070] In another example not shown, the heat pump 400, which is an air-to-water heat pump, includes a liquid-to-liquid heat pump and a radiator that interfaces with air or the environment.

[0071] Reference Figure 1 The controller 150 can use the sensor 160 to determine parameters of the heat pump 400, such as the motor power and motor speed of the corresponding motor. The sensor 160 for the refrigerant, input circulation medium, and / or output circulation medium may include a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and / or a temperature sensor. For example, the sensor 160 may be associated with the input source circuit, the output load circuit, and / or the intermediate circuit (e.g., the intermediate circuit of the refrigerant circuit) of the heat pump 400.

[0072] Figure 5 A flowchart of method 500 executed by controller 150 is shown, which is used to control Figure 1 Water heating system 100 Figure 2The method 500 includes: in step 502, the controller 150 controls the first three-way valve 144(1) to open the passage between the first load output terminal 130 and the second source input terminal 140. In step 504, the controller 150 controls the second three-way valve 144(2) to open the passage between the first load input terminal 128 and the second source output terminal 142. Steps 502 and 504 can be performed simultaneously. The corresponding passages at steps 502 and 504 can also be closed by the controller 150 and restored to the original passages of the first three-way valve 144(1) and the second three-way valve 144(2), for example, based on the specific needs of the water heating system 100, so that the first heat pump 106 supplies power only to the first load output terminal 130 (e.g., to the water heating coil 112 in this example). When it is no longer necessary to meet the excess demand on the first load output 130, the controller 150 restores the water heating system 150 to its original independent loop.

[0073] Figure 6 A flowchart of method 600 executed by controller 150 is shown, which is used to control Figure 1 Water heating system 100 Figure 3 The method 600 operates in the following mode: In step 602, the controller 150 controls the third three-way valve 144(3) to open the passage between the second load output terminal 134 and the first load output terminal 130. In step 604, the controller 150 controls the fourth three-way valve 144(4) to open the passage between the first load input terminal 128 and the second load input terminal 132. Steps 602 and 604 can be performed simultaneously. The corresponding passages at steps 602 and 604 can also be closed by the controller 150 and restored to the original passages of the third three-way valve 144(3) and the fourth three-way valve 144(4), for example, based on the specific needs of the water heating system 100, so that the second heat pump 114 supplies power only to the second load output terminal 134 (e.g., to the water storage 120 in this example). When there is no longer a need to meet the excess demand on the second load output 134 (e.g., the water storage 120 in this example), the controller 150 restores the water heating system 150 to its original independent loop.

[0074] In some examples, controller 150 may be configured to control the passage defined by three-way valve 144 to partially open or partially close the passage as appropriate.

[0075] Figure 7 It shows Figure 1An example load curve 700 for a specific load of the plumbing system 100, such as the flow load of the space conditioning system 102 (e.g., plumbing coil 112) or the flow load (e.g., water consumption) of the water supply system 104. In some examples, the load curve 700 may represent the total load of the entire site or building served by the plumbing system. In other examples not shown in the figure, there are multiple independent load curves 700 for the site (building), such as a first load curve 700 set or settable for a first load output 130, and a second load curve 700 set or settable for a water consumption output 138.

[0076] For example, load curve 700 is an example of a “design day” for a predicted or measured timeframe. Load curve 700 shows the percentage of runtime versus the percentage of heating / cooling load. As shown in the figure, many example systems require only 0% to 60% of their load capacity for 90% or even longer of their runtime. Accordingly, specific pumps can be selected or designed for a particular plumbing system 100 to operate at optimal or improved efficiency most of the time. Examples of specific pumps to be optimized in plumbing system 100 include first heat pump 106, second heat pump 114, first pump 146(1), and / or second pump 146(2).

[0077] In some examples, a particular pump can be selected or designed for optimal efficiency under partial load, such as operating at 50% or approximately 50% of peak load. It's important to note that the ASHRAE 90.1 energy efficiency standard requires that the system be controlled so that, at 50% of the design flow rate, the pump motor's power consumption does not exceed 30% of the design power (e.g., 70% energy saving at 50% peak load). It should be understood that the "design day" is not limited to 24 hours and can also be determined for shorter or longer system cycles, such as a month, a year, or several years.

[0078] In the example, for instance, referring to load curve 700, the first maximum capacity of the first heat pump 106 or the first pump 146(1) is selected or designed to be at most 60% of the first full load or the first design point of the first load circuit 110. In another example, the first maximum capacity is 40% to 60% of the first full load or the first design point, or in yet another example, it is 50% or approximately 50%. In the example, the design point is the maximum pressure (considering temperature and / or flow rate) required by the load (e.g., the water heating coil 112 of the first load circuit 110). In the example, the second maximum capacity of the second heat pump 114 or the second pump 146(2) is selected or designed to be at most 60% of the second full load or second design point of the second load circuit 118 or the water circuit 122. In another example, the second maximum capacity is between 40% and 60%, and in yet another example it is equal to or about 50%. In the example, the design point is the maximum pressure (considering temperature and / or flow rate) required by the load (e.g., water circuit 122).

[0079] Therefore, the first heat pump 106 or the first pump 146(1) can be selected or designed to operate near its maximum capacity most of the time, which is more efficient than when holding too much capacity. Reference Figure 3 As the demand of the first load circuit 110 exceeds the maximum capacity of the first heat pump 106 or the first pump 146(1), the controller 150 can control and coordinate the second heat pump 114 (and / or the second pump 146(2)) to meet the remaining demand by activating the applicable settings of the third three-way valve 144(3) and the fourth three-way valve 144(4).

[0080] Therefore, similarly, the second heat pump 114 or the first pump 146(2) can be selected or designed to operate near its maximum capacity most of the time, which is more efficient than when holding excessive capacity. Reference Figure 2 As the demand of water circuit 122 exceeds the maximum capacity of the second heat pump 114 or the second pump 146(2), the controller 150 can control and coordinate the first heat pump 106 (and / or the second pump 146(2)) to meet the remaining demand by activating the appropriate settings of the first three-way valve 144(1) and the second three-way valve 144(2).

[0081] In the example, controller 150 or another device includes a graphical interface that can be used to configure or adjust load curve 700.

[0082] In the example, controller 150 or other devices determine or adjust load curve 700 based on the real-time operation of the site (building) and / or using test fixtures or test equipment.

[0083] Furthermore, or alternatively, another example of a load curve 700 for a location (building) is a temperature load curve 700 (not shown in the figure). In this example, the temperature load can be a heating load or a cooling load, both of which can be combined onto the same temperature load curve 700 or can be separate load curves. In this example, for a location (building), there are multiple separate load curves 700, such as a first temperature load curve 700 set or settable for the first load output terminal 130 of the space conditioning system 102, and a second temperature load curve 700 set or settable for the water consumption output terminal 138 of the water supply system 104.

[0084] According to the example embodiment, Figure 8 It shows the use of Figure 1 An example control system 800 for a plumbing system 100 is provided, which is operated by a controller 150. Typically, in the control system 800, measurements are taken at output 810 and inputs including optimizable input 804, and estimation methods 806 or algorithms are updated or adjusted to site-specific needs. In some example embodiments, the control system 800 includes one or more continuous feedback loops that operate (continuously or discretely) during the initial setup phase of the plumbing system 100 and during an unrestricted operating period. In some example embodiments, the control system 800 requires little or no prior knowledge of the plumbing system 100, instead relying on the self-learning capabilities of the controller 150 to initiate, control, and adapt its performance and control model.

[0085] The water heating system 100 produces certain outputs 810, which are characterized by one or more variables (e.g., flow rate, temperature, viscosity, thickness, speed, heat energy, output per minute, distance, etc.); the water heating system 100 consists of multiple components, and the operating point / path of each component can be characterized by a finite number of continuous or discrete variables (e.g., speed, temperature, power, operating status, rotation speed, operating mode, gear, braking position, etc.).

[0086] These continuous or discrete variables interact to produce one or more outputs 810 of the plumbing system 100, and their interaction causes the operating point / path of one output variable to determine or limit the operating points of other output variables. The operation of individual components may also be limited, meaning that the values ​​of variables characterizing their operating points are within a defined range. These continuous or discrete variables may include the device performance of controllable and operable elements, such as the respective pump motors of the first heat pump 106, the first pump 146(1), the second heat pump 114, and / or the second pump 146(2). The controller 150 may use the outputs 810 to control one or more three-way valves 144, each of which may be a three-way isolating diverter valve or a three-way variable diverter valve. One or more valves (not shown) corresponding to each plumbing coil 112 may also be controlled by the outputs 810.

[0087] The plumbing system 100 includes one or more input variables, which may include one or more uncontrollable variables 814 that are externally determined and uncontrollable (e.g., outdoor temperature, commodity prices, output demand, etc.) that affect the operation of various components of the system or should be considered when determining how to operate the plumbing system 100 efficiently. The plumbing system 100 includes input variables such as optimizable inputs 804, which can be optimized. Example optimizable inputs 804 could be consumable inputs, such as energy, chemicals, water, funds, or time. Other input variables 824 may also be input to the plumbing system 100. As shown, the input variables can be measured using a measurement module 808 from one or more sensors 160 so that the model adjustment module 820 can adjust the parameters of a suitable model, determine, or calculate a suitable model. Various input variables may include consumable inputs (energy, chemicals, etc.) or other inputs (outdoor temperature, demand, speed, line voltage, etc.).

[0088] In the water heating system 100, there is more than one operating point or path that can produce the desired output 810. The control system 800 is configured to produce the required output 810 (to meet output requirements) while optimizing the use of one or more optimizable inputs 804 required to generate the output 810.

[0089] In some example embodiments, controller 150 determines the components of the plumbing system 100 using methods or models, such as formulas, tables, vectors, matrices, machine learning models, or algorithms, to predict the usage of the plumbing system 100 for optimizable input 804 across all operating points within the permissible range of the plumbing system 100. The optimal point / path 812 is then determined and updated by the estimation method module 806.

[0090] The system operating point or system state 822 is determined by all characteristic variables of each component of the system, and is reduced by the constraints imposed by the interaction or interconnection of variables. Its range is limited by the operating constraints of each component.

[0091] For each permissible operating point of the system, the amount of optimizable input 804 consumed by the plumbing system 100 can be calculated as the sum of the consumption of its various components. The controllable variables of the system are its characteristic variables minus those externally determined uncontrollable variables 814.

[0092] like Figure 8 As shown, in the example embodiment, given an uncontrollable variable 814 (under the operating conditions in which the system must run), the optimization module 816 uses the estimation method 806 to find the optimal point / path 812 that is compatible with the given operating conditions, and then the controller 150 instructs each device of the plumbing system 100 to run at that point or along that path.

[0093] The usage of the input variable, which includes the optimizable input 804, is measured, and the estimation method 806 is updated using the model adjustment module 820 so that its prediction of the reported system state 822 is closer to the usage or consumption measured by the measurement module 808 of the optimizable input 804.

[0094] In several example embodiments, the optimization module 816, controller 150, and measurement module 808 may reside in one or more devices or be embedded within controller 150. In some example embodiments, the optimization method performed by optimization module 816 may be pre-executed by a microprocessor device or controller 150. A specific model or method that achieves optimal optimization for the optimum / path 812 can then be selected from a set of predetermined models or methods.

[0095] Accordingly, the control system 800 controls the water heating system 100 to produce the desired output 810, while optimizing the use of one or more optimizable inputs 804. This is achieved by using the optimization module 816 to dynamically determine the optimization scheme to predict the amount of optimizable inputs 804 used at each possible operating point or path (e.g., a time-varying operating trajectory) that produces the desired output 810. Then, the optimal point / path 812 is found, and finally, the controllable variables and optimizable inputs 804 are instructed to achieve the trajectory to the optimal point / path 812.

[0096] In some example embodiments, the use of optimizable inputs is estimated using explicit analytical formulas instead of measurement module 808. In some example embodiments, numerical tables are used to estimate the use of optimizable inputs for the system.

[0097] In some example embodiments, the optimizable input or formula of the estimation module 806 is simple enough to allow the optimization to be solved analytically and to obtain an explicit formula with output 810 and uncontrollable variable 814 as parameters, to instruct controllable variable and optimizable input 804.

[0098] In some example embodiments, the optimization module 816 is pre-solved numerically to obtain one or more numerical tables and / or explicit formulas to instruct controllable variables and optimizable inputs 804.

[0099] In some example embodiments, the optimization module 816 is executed by software from a microprocessor-based device while the system is running and in the event of specific uncontrollable conditions.

[0100] In some example embodiments, the estimation module 806 or the formulas have tuning parameters that are periodically adjusted based on actual use of measured, optimizable inputs. System tests can be performed at specified times to eliminate some variables and improve the accuracy of the estimation module 806.

[0101] Reference Figure 1 An example embodiment is a method for collecting and mapping equipment performance data of at least one or more devices operating in a plumbing system 100. In this example, the method includes: associating tests performed on the device; determining model values ​​for the device's performance parameters within an operating range of at least two operating parameters affecting the performance parameter, wherein each model value represents an operating point for the at least two operating parameters; storing the determined model values ​​of the performance parameters, along with the determined time, in a memory; and, when the device is installed in the system, comparing the detected numerical characteristics of the device's performance parameters with the stored determined model values ​​of the performance parameters relative to the at least two operating parameters. A controller 150 may determine or receive the performance parameters.

[0102] In an exemplary embodiment, regarding equipment performance data (e.g., an equipment performance map), the characteristic performance parameters of a mechanical object during operation can be characterized using n-dimensional operating parameters. Given a set of n-parameter coordinates, the map defines the expected utilization rate of the characteristic performance parameters of the equipment parts.

[0103] Performance maps can be generated during the factory testing phase after manufacturing and before shipment. After installation, the performance of each unit is compared with the map in real time. In this way, diagnostic, monitoring, and performance verification processes can easily detect performance degradation of the unit, thereby triggering remedial responses from local or remote operations managers before catastrophic failures or energy waste occur.

[0104] In some example embodiments, the performance parameters of each device are modeled using model values. In some example embodiments, the model values ​​are discrete values ​​that can be stored in tables, maps, databases, tuples, vectors, or multi-parameter computer variables. In other example embodiments, the model values ​​are numerical values ​​of the performance parameter (e.g., the standard unit of measurement for that particular performance parameter, such as imperial or metric units).

[0105] In some example embodiments, model values ​​are coefficients of performance parameters. Equipment coefficients are used to specify the behavioral response of individual units within each equipment group category. Each individual unit within each equipment category can be modeled individually, meaning each coefficient corresponds to a specific set of operating conditions reflecting the behavioral parameters in question. Equipment coefficients can be used for direct comparisons or as part of one or more equations to model behavioral parameters. It is understood that individual units may have different individual behavioral parameters and can be modeled and monitored individually according to example embodiments.

[0106] Mathematical models defining the efficiency performance of mechanical equipment include constants and coefficients that can parameterize the equations. Determining these coefficients during the manufacturing phase and tracking their ability to accurately predict real-time performance throughout the entire lifecycle of the machine enables preventative maintenance, fault detection, installation and commissioning verification, as well as benchmarking and long-term monitoring of energy or fluid consumption performance.

[0107] In the example embodiment, the control scheme employing a coefficient-based equipment station modeling architecture can be configured to optimize the energy or fluid consumption of individual units or the entire system, and can be monitored throughout the entire lifecycle of the equipment constituting the central refrigeration station. As building, refrigeration station, and outdoor environmental conditions change over time, these energy control coefficients can be subsequently adjusted.

[0108] The example embodiments can be modified. The relationships between the parameters can be approximated by specific similarity laws, which are affected by flow rate, pressure, and braking horsepower (BHP). For example, when the impeller diameter changes and the speed is constant: D1 / D2 = Q1 / Q2; H1 / H2 = D1² / D2²; BHP1 / BHP2 = D1³ / D2³. For example, when the speed changes and the impeller diameter is constant: S1 / S2 = Q1 / Q2; H1 / H2 = S1² / S2²; BHP1 / BHP2 = S1³ / S2³. Where: D = impeller diameter (Ins / mm); H = pump head (Ft / m); Q = pump flow rate (gpm / lps); S = speed (rpm / rps); BHP = braking horsepower (shaft power - hp / kW).

[0109] Some example embodiments are applicable to any variable speed device, and are not limited to variable speed controlled pumps. For example, other embodiments may use different parameters or variables, and may use more than two parameters (e.g., three parameters on a three-dimensional graph). For example, rotational speed (rpm) is also shown on the described control curve. Furthermore, the correspondence between temperature (℉ or ℃) and temperature load (BTU / hr or Joule / hr) can be used as a parameter or variable considered in the control curve, for example, for variable temperature control that can be controlled by a variable speed circulating fan. Some example embodiments are applicable to any device that depends on two or more related parameters. Some example embodiments may include variables that depend on parameters or variables such as liquid, temperature, viscosity, suction pressure, site altitude, number of pumps operating, etc.

[0110] In the example, controller 150 may be a processor, which may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or one or more integrated circuits.

[0111] Furthermore, the processor can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, the steps of the site optimization method described herein can be executed by integrated logic circuits in hardware form or by instructions in software form within the processor. Furthermore, the processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The processor can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams described in the example embodiments. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed with reference to the example embodiments can be executed directly by a hardware decoding processor, or they can be executed through a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can reside in storage media well-established in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers.

[0112] In the example embodiments, the illustrated boxes or modules may represent software, hardware, or a combination of both, depending on the context. Furthermore, in other example embodiments, some boxes or modules may be combined, and there may be more or fewer boxes or modules in other example embodiments. Additionally, in other embodiments, some boxes or modules may be divided into multiple sub-boxes or sub-modules.

[0113] Although some embodiments of the present invention are described in the form of methods, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention also relates to various devices, such as server devices comprising components for performing at least some aspects and features of the described methods, which may be implemented by hardware components, software, or any combination of both or any other means. Furthermore, articles of manufacture for use with such devices, such as pre-recorded storage devices or other similar non-transitory computer-readable media having program instructions recorded thereon, or computer data signals carrying computer-readable program instructions, may guide the devices to facilitate the implementation of the described methods. It should be understood that such devices, articles of manufacture, and computer data signals also fall within the scope of these exemplary embodiments.

[0114] While some of the examples above are described as being executed in a specific order, those skilled in the art will understand that some information, steps, or processes may be executed in a different order, provided that changing the order of any given step does not hinder or impair the performance of subsequent steps. Furthermore, in other embodiments, some of the aforementioned information or steps may be deleted or combined, and in other embodiments, some of the aforementioned information or steps may be broken down into multiple sub-information or sub-steps. Moreover, some or all of the steps of a session may be repeated if necessary. Elements described as methods or steps also apply to systems or sub-components, and vice versa.

[0115] As used herein, the term "computer-readable medium" includes any medium capable of storing instructions, program steps, etc., for use by or executed by a computer or other computing device (e.g., processor, microprocessor), including but not limited to: magnetic media, such as floppy disks, disk drives, magnetic drums, magneto-optical disks, magnetic tapes, magnetic core memory, etc.; electronic memory, such as random access memory (RAM) of any type, including static RAM, dynamic RAM, synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM); read-only memory (ROM); any type of programmable read-only memory, including programmable read-only memory (PROM), programmable read-only memory (EPROM, EEPROM), flash memory, electrically rewritable read-only memory (EAROM); so-called "solid-state drives"; any other type of electronic memory, including charge-coupled devices (CCDs) or bubble memory; any type of portable electronic data carrier card, including compact flash memory, secure digital storage (SD-CARD), memory stick, etc.; and optical media such as optical discs (CDs), digital versatile optical discs (DVDs), or Blu-ray discs.

[0116] An example embodiment is a hydronic heating system, comprising: an air-to-liquid heat pump, which is connected to a first source circuit to air and hydronically connected to a first load circuit having a first load input and a first load output; at least one hydronic heating coil, which is hydronically connected to the first load circuit; a liquid-to-liquid heat pump, which is connected to a second source circuit having a second source input and a second source output and hydronically connected to the second load circuit having a second load input and a second load output; a water storage tank, which is hydronically connected to the second load circuit and hydronically connected to a water circuit having a water supply input and a water consumption output; at least one three-way valve, which hydronically connects the air-to-liquid heat pump to the liquid-to-liquid heat pump; and at least one controller configured to coordinate control of at least one three-way valve, the air-to-liquid heat pump, and the liquid-to-liquid heat pump.

[0117] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the water heating system further includes at least one sensor to provide sensor data of the water heating system, wherein the coordinated control is based on the sensor data.

[0118] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, at least one sensor includes at least one of a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a pump motor speed sensor, or a power sensor.

[0119] In another example embodiment of any of the aforementioned water heating systems, at least one sensor is configured to detect the performance of the air-to-liquid heat pump and / or the liquid-to-liquid heat pump, respectively.

[0120] In another example embodiment of any of the aforementioned water heating systems, coordinated control includes controlling at least one three-way valve, an air-liquid heat pump, and a liquid-liquid heat pump to achieve a set value exceeding the independent corresponding capacity of the air-liquid heat pump for the first load circuit or the liquid-liquid heat pump for the second load circuit.

[0121] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the coordinated control includes controlling at least one three-way valve, an air-liquid heat pump, and a liquid-liquid heat pump. Compared to the independent corresponding outputs of the air-liquid heat pump to the first load circuit or the liquid-liquid heat pump to the second load circuit, the coordinated control consumes less energy.

[0122] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the first maximum capacity of the air-liquid heat pump is at most 60% of the first full load or the first design point of the first load circuit, and / or wherein the second maximum capacity of the liquid-liquid heat pump is at most 60% of the second full load or the second design point of the second load circuit.

[0123] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the coordinated control includes controlling at least one three-way valve to configure the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump to operate in parallel.

[0124] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the coordinated control includes controlling at least one three-way valve to configure the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump to operate in series.

[0125] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the water heating system further includes at least one additional heat pump and a corresponding three-way valve for the at least one additional heat pump, wherein the coordination control includes controlling the corresponding three-way valve to enable the at least one additional heat pump to operate in parallel and / or in series with an air-liquid heat pump and / or a liquid-liquid heat pump.

[0126] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, at least one three-way valve includes: a first three-way valve that connects the first load output terminal of the first load circuit to the second source input terminal of the second source circuit in a water heating manner; a second three-way valve that connects the first load input terminal of the first load circuit to the second source output terminal of the second source circuit in a water heating manner; a third three-way valve that connects the first load output terminal of the first load circuit to the second load output terminal of the second load circuit in a water heating manner; and a fourth three-way valve that connects the first load input terminal of the first load circuit to the second load input terminal of the second load circuit in a water heating manner.

[0127] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the coordinated control includes changing the state of at least one three-way valve during power supply to the first load circuit or the second load circuit.

[0128] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the water heating system further includes water or circulating fluid in a first load circuit, a second source circuit, and a second load circuit that are in a completely closed loop.

[0129] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, at least one of the three-way valves is a three-way isolation diverter valve.

[0130] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned plumbing systems, at least one of the three-way valves is a three-way variable flow divider valve, wherein at least one controller is configured to change the state of the three-way variable flow divider valve to maintain a partially variable position.

[0131] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the water heating system further includes a first variable pump located at a first load circuit and a second variable pump located at a second load circuit.

[0132] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the first variable pump is integrated with an air-liquid heat pump during factory assembly or in the field, or the second variable pump is integrated with a liquid-liquid heat pump during factory assembly or in the field.

[0133] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the first maximum capacity of the first variable pump is at most 60% of the first full load or the first design point of the first load circuit, and / or wherein the second maximum capacity of the second variable pump is at most 60% of the second full load or the second design point of the second load circuit.

[0134] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the water storage device is a tank-type water heater.

[0135] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the water heating system further includes an air-liquid heat exchanger that is connected to a third source circuit to air and is water-heated connected to a third load circuit that is water-heated connected to the second source circuit.

[0136] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described hydronic heating systems, the air-liquid heat exchanger includes a radiator that interfaces with air.

[0137] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the coordinated control includes controlling at least one equipment station component, a microprocessor-based device, or a control sequence.

[0138] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump are controlled by at least one controller to operate in heating or cooling mode.

[0139] Another example embodiment is a hydronic heating system, comprising: a first heat pump, which is connected to a first source circuit having a first source input and a first source output, and is hydronically connected to a first load circuit having a first load input and a first load output; a second heat pump, which is connected to a second source circuit having a second source input and a second source output, and is hydronically connected to a second load circuit having a second load input and a second load output; a plurality of three-way valves, including: a first three-way valve that hydronically connects the first load output of the first load circuit to the second source input of the second source circuit; a second three-way valve that hydronically connects the first load input of the first load circuit to the second source output of the second source circuit; a third three-way valve that hydronically connects the first load output of the first load circuit to the second load output of the second load circuit; and a fourth three-way valve that hydronically connects the first load input of the first load circuit to the second load input of the second load circuit; and at least one controller configured to coordinate control of the plurality of three-way valves, the first heat pump, and the second heat pump.

[0140] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the first heat pump is an air-liquid heat pump.

[0141] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the first source loop is connected to air or the environment.

[0142] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the second heat pump is a liquid-liquid heat pump.

[0143] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the water heating system further includes an air-liquid heat exchanger that interfaces with a third source loop leading to the air or environment and is water-heated connected to a third load loop leading to the second source loop.

[0144] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the water heating system further includes at least one sensor to provide sensor data of the water heating system, wherein coordinated control is based on the sensor data.

[0145] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, at least one sensor includes at least one of a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a pump motor speed sensor, or a power sensor.

[0146] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, at least one sensor is configured to detect the performance of the first heat pump and / or the second heat pump, respectively.

[0147] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, coordinated control includes controlling multiple three-way valves, a first heat pump, and a second heat pump to achieve a set value exceeding the respective independent capacity of the first heat pump to the first load circuit or the second heat pump to the second load circuit.

[0148] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the coordinated control includes controlling multiple three-way valves, a first heat pump, and a second heat pump. Compared with the independent corresponding output of the first heat pump to the first load circuit or the second heat pump to the second load circuit, the coordinated control uses less energy.

[0149] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the first maximum capacity of the first heat pump is at most 60% of the first full load or the first design point of the first load circuit, and / or wherein the second maximum capacity of the second heat pump is at most 60% of the second full load or the second design point of the second load circuit.

[0150] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the coordinated control includes controlling a plurality of three-way valves to configure the first heat pump and the second heat pump to operate in parallel.

[0151] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the coordinated control includes controlling a plurality of three-way valves to configure the first heat pump and the second heat pump to operate in series.

[0152] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the water heating system further includes at least one additional heat pump and a corresponding three-way valve for the at least one additional heat pump, wherein the coordination control includes controlling the corresponding three-way valve to enable the at least one additional heat pump to operate in parallel and / or in series with the first heat pump and / or the second heat pump.

[0153] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the coordinated control includes changing the state of at least one three-way valve during power supply to the first load circuit or the second load circuit.

[0154] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the water heating system further includes water or circulating fluid in a first load circuit, a second source circuit, and a second load circuit that are in a completely closed loop.

[0155] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, at least one of the three-way valves is a three-way isolation diverter valve.

[0156] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned plumbing systems, at least one of the three-way valves is a three-way variable flow divider valve, wherein at least one controller is configured to change the state of the three-way variable flow divider valve to maintain a partially variable position.

[0157] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the water heating system further includes a first variable pump located at a first load circuit and a second variable pump located at a second load circuit.

[0158] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the first variable pump is integrated with the first heat pump during factory assembly or on-site, or the second variable pump is integrated with the second heat pump during factory assembly or on-site.

[0159] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the first maximum capacity of the first variable pump is at most 60% of the first full load or the first design point of the first load circuit, and wherein the second maximum capacity of the second variable pump is at most 60% of the second full load or the second design point of the second load circuit.

[0160] In another example embodiment of any of the above-described water heating systems, the coordinated control includes controlling at least one equipment station component, a microprocessor-based device, or a control sequence.

[0161] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the first heat pump and the second heat pump are controlled by at least one controller to operate in heating mode or cooling mode.

[0162] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the first source circuit or the second source circuit is thermally connected to a cold source, wherein the cold source includes a ground source heat sink, a cooling tower, or natural water.

[0163] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the first source loop or the second source loop is thermally connected to a heat source, wherein the heat source includes a data center, hydrogen energy, a regional energy system, thermal energy storage, geothermal energy, a boiler, solar thermal energy, or wastewater.

[0164] In another example embodiment of any of the above-mentioned water heating systems, the water heating system further includes a water storage tank that is connected in a water heating manner to a second load circuit and to a water circuit having a water supply input and a water output.

[0165] Another example embodiment is a method for controlling any of the above-described plumbing systems, including changing the state of at least one three-way valve.

[0166] In another example embodiment of the method, changing the state includes opening the corresponding pathways between the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump, i.e., between the first load output and the second source input, and between the first load input and the second source output.

[0167] In another example embodiment of the method, changing the state includes opening the corresponding pathways between the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump, i.e., between the second load output terminal and the first load output terminal, and between the first load input terminal and the second load input terminal.

[0168] Another example embodiment is a non-transitory computer-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by at least one controller, cause at least one controller to perform any of the methods described above.

[0169] Variations may be made to some of the example embodiments, and these variations may include combinations and sub-combinations of any of the above-described elements. The various embodiments given above are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of these example embodiments. After understanding these exemplary embodiments, various variations of the innovations described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and such variations are all within the scope of protection. In particular, features may be selected from one or more of the above embodiments to form alternative embodiments consisting of feature sub-combinations that may not be explicitly described above. Furthermore, features from one or more of the above embodiments may be combined to form alternative embodiments consisting of feature combinations that may not be explicitly described above. Features applicable to such combinations and sub-combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art after a comprehensive review of the example embodiments. The subject matter described herein is intended to cover all suitable technical modifications.

Claims

1. A water heating system, comprising: An air-liquid heat pump, wherein the air-liquid heat pump is connected to a first source circuit to air and is connected in a water-heating manner to a first load circuit having a first load input and a first load output; At least one water heating coil is connected to the first load circuit via a water heating system; A liquid-liquid heat pump, wherein the liquid-liquid heat pump is connected to a second source circuit having a second source input terminal and a second source output terminal, and is connected to a second load circuit having a second load input terminal and a second load output terminal in a water-heating manner; A water storage device, which is connected to a second load circuit via a water heating system and to a water circuit having a water supply input and a water output via a water heating system. Connect the air-liquid heat pump to at least one three-way valve of the liquid-liquid heat pump via a water heating system; as well as At least one controller configured to coordinate the control of the at least one three-way valve, the air-liquid heat pump, and the liquid-liquid heat pump.

2. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, It also includes at least one sensor to provide sensor data of the water heating system, wherein the coordinated control is based on the sensor data.

3. The hydronic heating system of claim 2, wherein, The at least one sensor includes at least one of a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a pump motor speed sensor, or a power sensor.

4. The hydronic heating system of claim 2, wherein, The at least one sensor is configured to detect the performance of the air-liquid heat pump and / or the liquid-liquid heat pump, respectively.

5. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, The coordinated control includes controlling the at least one three-way valve, the air-liquid heat pump, and the liquid-liquid heat pump to achieve a set value exceeding the independent corresponding capacity of the air-liquid heat pump for the first load circuit or the liquid-liquid heat pump for the second load circuit.

6. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, The coordinated control includes controlling the at least one three-way valve, the air-liquid heat pump, and the liquid-liquid heat pump. Compared to the independent corresponding output of the air-liquid heat pump to the first load circuit or the liquid-liquid heat pump to the second load circuit, the coordinated control uses less energy.

7. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, The first maximum capacity of the air-liquid heat pump is at most 60% of the first full load or the first design point of the first load circuit, and / or the second maximum capacity of the liquid-liquid heat pump is at most 60% of the second full load or the second design point of the second load circuit.

8. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, The coordinated control includes controlling the at least one three-way valve to configure the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump to operate in parallel.

9. The water heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coordinated control includes controlling the at least one three-way valve to configure the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump to operate in series.

10. The water heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one additional heat pump and a corresponding additional three-way valve for the at least one additional heat pump, wherein the coordinated control includes controlling the corresponding additional three-way valve to enable the at least one additional heat pump to operate in parallel and / or in series with the air-liquid heat pump and / or the liquid-liquid heat pump.

11. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, The at least one three-way valve includes: The first three-way valve connects the first load output terminal of the first load circuit to the second source input terminal of the second source circuit via a water heating method. The second three-way valve connects the first load input terminal of the first load circuit to the second source output terminal of the second source circuit via a water heating method. A third three-way valve connects the first load output terminal of the first load circuit to the second load output terminal of the second load circuit via a water heating method; and The fourth three-way valve connects the first load input terminal of the first load circuit to the second load input terminal of the second load circuit via a water heating method.

12. The hydronic heating system of claim 11, wherein, The coordinated control includes changing the state of the at least one three-way valve while power is supplied to the first load circuit or the second load circuit.

13. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, It also includes water or circulating fluid in the first load circuit, the second source circuit, and the second load circuit, which are in a completely closed loop.

14. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, At least one of the three-way valves is a three-way isolation diverter valve.

15. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, At least one of the three-way valves is a three-way variable flow divider valve, wherein the at least one controller is configured to change the state of the three-way variable flow divider valve to maintain a partially variable position.

16. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a first variable pump located at the first load circuit and a second variable pump located at the second load circuit.

17. The hydronic heating system of claim 16, wherein, The first variable pump is integrated with the air-liquid heat pump during factory assembly or in the field, or the second variable pump is integrated with the liquid-liquid heat pump during factory assembly or in the field.

18. The water heating system according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first maximum capacity of the first variable pump is at most 60% of the first full load or the first design point of the first load circuit, and / or the second maximum capacity of the second variable pump is at most 60% of the second full load or the second design point of the second load circuit.

19. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, The water storage device is a tank-type water heater.

20. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, It also includes an air-liquid heat exchanger that is connected to a third source circuit to air and is water-heated to a third load circuit that is water-heated to the second source circuit.

21. The hydronic heating system of claim 20, wherein, The air-liquid heat exchanger includes a radiator that interfaces with air.

22. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, The coordinated control includes controlling at least one equipment station component, a microprocessor-based device, or a control sequence.

23. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, The air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump are controlled by the at least one controller to operate in heating mode or cooling mode.

24. The hydronic heating system of claim 1, wherein, The air-liquid heat pump includes a second liquid-liquid heat pump and a radiator that is connected to the first source circuit to the air.

25. A water heating system, comprising: The first heat pump is connected to a first source circuit having a first source input terminal and a first source output terminal, and is connected to a first load circuit having a first load input terminal and a first load output terminal in a water-heating manner. The second heat pump is connected to a second source circuit having a second source input terminal and a second source output terminal, and is connected to a second load circuit having a second load input terminal and a second load output terminal in a water-heating manner. Multiple three-way valves, including: The first three-way valve connects the first load output terminal of the first load circuit to the second source input terminal of the second source circuit via a water heating method. The second three-way valve connects the first load input terminal of the first load circuit to the second source output terminal of the second source circuit via a water heating method. The third three-way valve connects the first load output terminal of the first load circuit to the second load output terminal of the second load circuit via a water heating method. A fourth three-way valve connects the first load input terminal of the first load circuit to the second load input terminal of the second load circuit via a water heating method; and At least one controller configured to coordinate the control of the plurality of three-way valves, the first heat pump, and the second heat pump.

26. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The first heat pump is an air-liquid heat pump.

27. The hydronic heating system of claim 26, wherein, The first source circuit is connected to air or the environment.

28. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The second heat pump is a liquid-liquid heat pump.

29. The hydronic heating system of claim 28, wherein, It also includes an air-liquid heat exchanger that interfaces with a third source circuit leading to air or the environment and is connected in a water-heating manner to a third load circuit leading to the second source circuit.

30. The water heating system according to claim 25, characterized in that, The first heat pump includes a liquid-liquid heat pump and a radiator that interfaces with a third source circuit to the air or environment.

31. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, It also includes at least one sensor to provide sensor data of the water heating system, wherein the coordinated control is based on the sensor data.

32. The hydronic heating system of claim 31, wherein, The at least one sensor includes at least one of a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a pump motor speed sensor, or a power sensor.

33. The hydronic heating system of claim 31, wherein, The at least one sensor is configured to detect the performance of the first heat pump and / or the second heat pump, respectively.

34. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The coordinated control includes controlling the plurality of three-way valves, the first heat pump, and the second heat pump to achieve a set value exceeding the respective independent capacity of the first heat pump for the first load circuit or the second heat pump for the second load circuit.

35. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The coordinated control includes controlling the plurality of three-way valves, the first heat pump, and the second heat pump. Compared to the independent corresponding output of the first heat pump to the first load circuit or the second heat pump to the second load circuit, the coordinated control uses less energy.

36. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The first maximum capacity of the first heat pump is at most 60% of the first full load or the first design point of the first load circuit, and / or the second maximum capacity of the second heat pump is at most 60% of the second full load or the second design point of the second load circuit.

37. The hydronic heating system of claim 36, wherein, The first maximum capacity is or is approximately 50%, and / or the second maximum capacity is or is approximately 50%.

38. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The coordinated control includes controlling the plurality of three-way valves to configure the first heat pump and the second heat pump to operate in parallel.

39. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The coordinated control includes controlling the plurality of three-way valves to configure the first heat pump and the second heat pump to operate in series.

40. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, It also includes at least one additional heat pump and a corresponding additional three-way valve for the at least one additional heat pump, wherein the coordination control includes controlling the corresponding additional three-way valve to enable the at least one additional heat pump to operate in parallel and / or in series with the first heat pump and / or the second heat pump.

41. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The coordinated control includes changing the state of at least one of the three-way valves during power supply to the first load circuit or the second load circuit.

42. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, It also includes water or circulating fluid in the first load circuit, the second source circuit, and the second load circuit, which are in a completely closed loop.

43. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, At least one of the three-way valves is a three-way isolation diverter valve.

44. The water heating system according to claim 25, characterized in that, At least one of the three-way valves is a three-way variable flow divider valve, wherein the at least one controller is configured to change the state of the three-way variable flow divider valve to maintain a partially variable position.

45. The water heating system according to claim 25, characterized in that, It also includes a first variable pump located at the first load circuit and a second variable pump located at the second load circuit.

46. The hydronic heating system of claim 45, wherein, The first variable pump is integrated with the first heat pump during factory assembly or in the field, or the second variable pump is integrated with the second heat pump during factory assembly or in the field.

47. The hydronic heating system of claim 45, wherein, The first maximum capacity of the first variable pump is at most 60% of the first full load or the first design point of the first load circuit, and the second maximum capacity of the second variable pump is at most 60% of the second full load or the second design point of the second load circuit.

48. The hydronic heating system of claim 47, wherein, The first maximum capacity is 50% or about 50%, and / or the second maximum capacity is 50% or about 50%.

49. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The coordinated control includes controlling at least one equipment station component, a microprocessor-based device, or a control sequence.

50. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The first heat pump and the second heat pump are controlled by the at least one controller to operate in heating mode or cooling mode.

51. The hydronic heating system of claim 25, wherein, The first source circuit or the second source circuit is thermally connected to a cold source, wherein the cold source includes a ground source heat sink, a cooling tower, or natural water.

52. The water heating system according to claim 25, characterized in that, The first source circuit or the second source circuit is thermally connected to a heat source, wherein the heat source includes a data center, hydrogen energy, a regional energy system, thermal energy storage, geothermal energy, a boiler, solar thermal energy, or wastewater.

53. The water heating system according to claim 25, characterized in that, It also includes a water storage device, which is connected to the second load circuit in a water heating manner, and is also connected to a water circuit having a water supply input and a water output in a water heating manner.

54. A method for controlling a plumbing system according to any one of claims 1 to 53, comprising changing the state of at least one of the three-way valves.

55. The method of claim 54, wherein, The change of state includes establishing corresponding pathways between the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump, that is, between the first load output terminal and the second source input terminal, and between the first load input terminal and the second source output terminal.

56. The method of claim 54, wherein, The change of state includes establishing corresponding pathways between the air-liquid heat pump and the liquid-liquid heat pump, that is, between the second load output terminal and the first load output terminal, and between the first load input terminal and the second load input terminal.

57. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one controller, cause the at least one controller to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 56.

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