Extended range (ELR) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) design

Abstract

This disclosure provides methods, components, apparatus, and systems for designing Extended Long-Range (ELR) Physical Layer Protocol Data Units (PPDUs). In some embodiments, a first wireless device may include a preamble for the PPDU, wherein a first portion of the PPDU may include one or more legacy fields, such as at least a Legacy Signal (L-SIG) field. In some examples, a second portion of the preamble may include at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. In such embodiments, at least the first ELR signature field may follow the L-SIG field. A second wireless device, i.e., a receiver of the PPDU, may identify the PPDU as associated with ELR communication based on the inclusion of the ELR signature field in the PPDU's preamble.

Description

Cross-referencing

[0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 423,248, filed January 25, 2024, entitled “EXTENDED LONGRANGE (ELR) PHYSICAL LAYER PROTOCOL DATA UNIT (PPDU) DESIGN”, which is assigned to the assignee of this patent application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates in general to wireless communications, and more specifically to the design of Extended Long Range (ELR) Physical Layer Protocol Data Units (PPDUs). Background Technology

[0003] A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) can be formed by one or more wireless access points (APs) that provide a shared wireless communication medium for use by multiple client devices (also known as wireless stations (STAs)). The basic building block of a WLAN conforming to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards is the Basic Service Set (BSS) managed by the AP. Each BSS is identified by a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) advertised by the AP. The AP periodically broadcasts beacon frames to enable any STA within the AP's wireless range to establish or maintain a communication link with the WLAN.

[0004] In some WLANs, one or more wireless devices (such as wireless APs or wireless STAs) can communicate within a coverage area that extends relative to other communications. This type of communication can be referred to as extended long-range (ELR) communication. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The systems, methods, and apparatus disclosed herein each have some innovative aspects, and no single aspect is solely responsible for the desired properties disclosed herein.

[0006] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented by a method for wireless communication by a first wireless device. The method may include: transmitting a preamble for a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an Old-Style Signal (L-SIG) field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with Extended Long-Range (ELR) communication, the first ELR signature field carrying at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of symbols of a first sequence recognized by a second wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0007] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented by a first wireless device. The first wireless device may include a processing system comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code. The processing system may be configured to cause the first wireless device to transmit a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. The first ELR signature field carries at least a first set of frequency modulations of a plurality of symbols of at least a first sequence recognized by a second wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0008] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented by a first wireless device. The first wireless device may include: components for transmitting a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field; and components for wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, the first ELR signature field carrying at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of frequencies identified by a second wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0009] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented by a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code. This code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to: transmit a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, the first ELR signature field carrying at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of frequencies identified by a second wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0010] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the second portion of the preamble further includes a second ELR signature field that carries a second set of frequency moduli of a second sequence identified by the second wireless device and occupying the second portion of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

[0011] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field may be equivalent to the second sequence of the second ELR signature field.

[0012] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the second sequence of the second ELR signature field may differ from the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0013] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the second set of multiple frequency modulations may differ from the first set of multiple frequency modulations.

[0014] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the second set of multiple frequency modulations may be the same as the first set of multiple frequency modulations.

[0015] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the non-transitory computer-readable medium, the first ELR signature field may be transmitted according to a first modulation scheme, and the second ELR signature field may be transmitted according to a second modulation scheme.

[0016] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first ELR signature field and the second ELR signature field can be transmitted according to the same modulation scheme.

[0017] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the second portion of the preamble further includes a third ELR signature field that carries a third sequence identified by the second wireless device and occupies a third set of multiple frequency moduli of the third symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

[0018] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the third sequence of the third ELR signature field may be a repetition of the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0019] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first ELR signature field occupies a subset of the first set of multiple frequency modulations.

[0020] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU also includes a Repeat Old Style Signal (RL-SIG) field, and the RL-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0021] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU includes one or more Universal Signal (U-SIG) fields, and the one or more U-SIG fields of the first portion of the preamble precede the first ELR signature field.

[0022] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the non-transitory computer-readable medium, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field can be transmitted according to a modulation scheme that can be modulated according to binary phase shift keying (BPSK) associated with phase rotation.

[0023] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the modulation scheme includes one of the following: the BPSK modulation scheme, the quadrature BPSK (QBPSK) modulation scheme, the inverse BPSK modulation scheme, a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the QBPSK modulation scheme, and a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the inverse BPSK modulation scheme.

[0024] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first ELR signature field may be partially reversed with the L-SIG field.

[0025] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first ELR signature field further indicates the basic service set identifier associated with the ELR communication.

[0026] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first ELR signature field may be equivalent to the legacy long training field (L-LTF) included in the first part of the preamble of the PPDU.

[0027] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field includes a sequence associated with a U-SIG field having a physical version number associated with the ELR communication.

[0028] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field can be selected based on the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with the ELR communication.

[0029] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, a channel estimate of the channel between the first wireless device and the second wireless device can be measured based on the first set of multiple frequency moduli of the first symbol used to transmit the first ELR signature field.

[0030] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented by a method for wireless communication by a wireless device. The method may include: receiving a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, the first ELR signature field carrying at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of symbols of a first sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0031] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented by a wireless device. The wireless device may include a processing system comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code. The processing system may be configured to cause the wireless device to receive a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, the first ELR signature field carrying at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of symbols of at least a first sequence identified by the wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0032] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented by a wireless device. The wireless device may include: components for receiving a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field; and components for a second portion of the preamble including at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, the first ELR signature field carrying at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of frequencies identified by the wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0033] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented by a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the following operations: receiving a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with extended long-range (ELR) communication, the first ELR signature field carrying at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of frequencies identified by the wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the second portion of the preamble includes a second ELR signature field that carries a second set of frequency moduli of a second sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupying the second portion of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field may be equivalent to the second sequence of the second ELR signature field.

[0036] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the second sequence of the second ELR signature field may differ from the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the second set of multiple frequency modulations may differ from the first set of multiple frequency modulations.

[0038] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the second set of multiple frequency modulations may be the same as the first set of multiple frequency modulations.

[0039] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first ELR signature field can be received according to a first modulation scheme, and the second ELR signature field can be received according to a second modulation scheme.

[0040] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first ELR signature field and the second ELR signature field can be received according to the same modulation scheme.

[0041] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the second portion of the preamble includes a third ELR signature field that carries a third sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupies a third set of multiple frequency moduli of the third symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

[0042] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the third sequence of the third ELR signature field may be a repetition of the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0043] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first ELR signature field occupies a subset of the first set of multiple frequency modulations.

[0044] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU further includes an RL-SIG field, and the RL-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0045] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU includes one or more U-SIG fields, and the one or more U-SIG fields of the first portion of the preamble precede the first ELR signature field.

[0046] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first ELR signature field can be received according to a modulation scheme that can be based on a BPSK modulation scheme with phase rotation.

[0047] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the modulation scheme includes one of the following: the BPSK modulation scheme, the QBPSK modulation scheme, the inverse BPSK modulation scheme, a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the QBPSK modulation scheme, and a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the inverse BPSK modulation scheme.

[0048] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field may be the reverse of the L-SIG field portion.

[0049] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field further indicates a basic service set identifier associated with the ELR communication.

[0050] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field may be equivalent to the L-LTF included in the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU.

[0051] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field includes a sequence associated with a U-SIG field having a physical version number associated with the ELR communication.

[0052] In some examples of the methods, wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first ELR signature field may be selected based on the PAPR associated with the ELR communication.

[0053] The methods, wireless devices, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing channel estimation of the channel between the wireless device and a second wireless device using the first set of multiple frequency modulations of the first symbol.

[0054] Details of one or more specific embodiments of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. Note that the relative dimensions in the following drawings may not be drawn to scale. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network, such as an extended long-range (ELR) communication network between two wireless devices, is shown.

[0056] Figure 2 An example Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is shown that can be used for communication between a wireless access point (AP) and one or more wireless stations (STAs) in an ELR communication network.

[0057] Figure 3A , Figure 3B , Figure 3C and Figure 3D An example of a Physical Layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) is shown that can be used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs in an ELR communication network.

[0058] Figure 4 An example signaling diagram illustrating the transmission of a PPDU is shown, which includes one or more ELR identifiers (ELR-IDs) indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication.

[0059] Figure 5 An example signaling diagram illustrating the transmission of a PPDU is shown, which includes one or more ELR-IDs following a legacy signaling field, where the ELR-IDs indicate that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication.

[0060] Figure 6 An example signaling diagram illustrating the transmission of a PPDU is shown, which includes one or more ELR-IDs following a repeating legacy signal field, where the ELR-IDs indicate that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication.

[0061] Figure 7An example signaling diagram illustrating the transmission of a PPDU is shown, which includes one or more ELR-IDs following one or more general signal fields, where the ELR-IDs indicate that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication.

[0062] Figure 8 An example of a process flow illustrating the transmission of a PPDU comprising a first part and a second part is shown, wherein the second part includes one or more ELR-IDs indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication.

[0063] Figure 9 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device is shown, which supports an ELR PPDU design by implementing one or more components within the wireless communication device.

[0064] Figure 10 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device is shown, which supports an ELR PPDU design by implementing one or more components within the wireless communication device.

[0065] Figure 11 and Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating an example process that can be executed by or at a wireless device that supports an ELR PPDU design is shown.

[0066] The same reference numerals and names in different figures denote the same elements. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The following description refers to certain specific examples in order to illustrate the innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. Some or all of the examples described can be applied in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, the IEEE 802.15 standard, or Bluetooth as defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). ®This can be implemented in any device, system, or network that transmits and receives radio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more of the standards or those published by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G, 5G (New Radio (NR)), or 6G. The described examples can be implemented in any suitable device, component, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to one or more of the following technologies or techniques: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Rate Split Multiple Access (RSMA), Multi-User Shared Access (MUSA), Single-User (SU) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), and Multi-User (MU)-MIMO (MU-MIMO). The described examples can also be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of the following networks: Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), or Internet of Things (IoT).

[0068] Various aspects collectively involve the Extended Long-Range (ELR) Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format. In some specific implementations, one or more wireless devices in a WLAN communication system, such as radio stations (STAs), radio access points (APs), or both, can extend the distance or coverage on which they provide wireless communication. For example, a first wireless device can communicate with a second wireless device over an extended distance relative to other WLAN communication systems. To facilitate such ELR communication, the wireless devices can utilize PPDUs designed to achieve a target data rate over an extended coverage area. Thus, the first wireless device can send a PPDU formatted according to ELR communication to the second wireless device, allowing the second wireless device to detect and decode the packet. In such examples, the second wireless device can attempt, for example, to identify whether a packet is associated with ELR communication, such as whether it is intended for ELR communication, by performing one or more hypothesis tests. However, performing one or more hypothesis tests can increase the complexity of packet detection at the second wireless device. This complexity can lead to an increase in the number of PPDUs lost or misinterpreted during ELR communication, thereby increasing latency in ELR communication.

[0069] As described herein, one or more wireless devices can implement a PPDU design that enables a second wireless device to detect the PPDU relatively quickly while reducing the complexity of such testing. For example, a first wireless device can transmit a first portion of the PPDU's preamble, which may include one or more legacy fields, such as a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, a repeated legacy signal (RL-SIG) field, one or more universal signal fields (U-SIG), or a combination of each of these. Based on transmitting the first portion of the preamble, the first wireless device can transmit a second portion of the preamble, which includes at least a first ELR signature field. This first ELR signature field includes a first sequence recognized by the second wireless device, indicating to the second wireless device that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. Therefore, a second wireless device (such as a receiver of the PPDU) can identify the PPDU's association with ELR communication based on the inclusion of the first sequence of the first ELR signature field in the PPDU's preamble.

[0070] In such examples, the first wireless device may transmit the first ELR signature field after transmitting the L-SIG field of the first part of the preamble. Alternatively, if the first part of the preamble includes an RL-SIG field, the first wireless device may transmit the first ELR signature field after transmitting the RL-SIG field. In some examples, if the first part of the preamble includes a U-SIG field, the first wireless device may transmit the ELR signature field after transmitting one or more U-SIG fields. Additionally, to increase the likelihood of reception by a second wireless device, the first wireless device may transmit one or more additional ELR signature fields following the first ELR signature field, such as a second or third ELR signature field.

[0071] In some implementations, to distinguish the PPDU from existing PPDU formats, the first sequence (such as bits of the first ELR signature field) may be a partial inverse of the L-SIG field sequence, equivalent to the old-style long training field (L-LTF) included in the first part of the preamble, or a U-SIG sequence with a different or unused physical version number compared to the sequence transmitted via the U-SIG field of the first part of the preamble. In some other implementations, the first sequence may further indicate a Basic Service Set (BSS) identifier (ID). In some implementations, the first wireless device may select the first sequence to minimize the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the first symbol carrying the first ELR signature in the time domain.

[0072] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by including a first ELR signature field within the preamble of the PPDU, the described techniques can be used by a second wireless device to effectively identify whether the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, thereby reducing the likelihood of the second wireless device losing or misinterpreting packets. Additionally, by transmitting one or more additional ELR signature fields as part of a second portion of the preamble, the second wireless device can have an increased likelihood of receiving at least one ELR signature field, thereby reducing the likelihood of misinterpreting or losing the PPDU. By selecting a first sequence according to the PAPR of the channel, the first wireless device can transmit the first ELR signature field with less distortion and an increased power boost, thereby improving reception reliability at the second wireless device. This improved reception reliability can improve throughput and user experience with respect to wireless communication, thereby improving power and spectral efficiency. Therefore, having a known sequence of ELR signature fields at the first wireless device (such as a transmitter) and the second wireless device (such as a receiver) can be used to improve channel estimation. Additionally, in examples using two or three ELR signature fields (with simple repetition between each of these ELR signature fields), the wireless device can improve frequency tracking for ELR PPDU decoding.

[0073] Figure 1A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network 100 (such as an extended long-range (ELR) communication network between two wireless devices) is shown. Depending on some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a wireless local area network (WLAN) (such as a Wi-Fi network). For example, the wireless communication network 100 may be a network implementing at least one of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard families (such as those defined by the IEEE 802.11-2020 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, 802.11bc, 802.11bd, 802.11be, 802.11bf, and 802.11bn). In some other examples, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a cellular radio access network (RAN), such as a 5G RAN or 6G RAN implementing one or more cellular protocols (such as those specified in one or more 3GPP standards). In some other examples, the wireless communication network 100 may include a WLAN that operates in a manner interoperable with or converged with one or more cellular RANs to provide greater or enhanced network coverage to wireless communication devices within the wireless communication network 100, or to enable these devices to connect to the core of the cellular network, such as accessing network management capabilities and functionality provided by the cellular network core. In some other examples, the wireless communication network 100 may include a WLAN that operates in a manner interoperable with or converged with one or more personal area networks (PANs), such as networks implementing Bluetooth or other wireless technologies, to provide greater or enhanced network coverage or to provide or implement other capabilities, functionality, applications, or services.

[0074] Wireless communication network 100 may include numerous wireless communication devices, such as at least one wireless access point (AP) 102 and any number of wireless stations (STA) 104. Although Figure 1 Only one AP 102 is shown, but the wireless communication network 100 may include multiple APs 102. AP 102 may be or represent various different types of network entities, including but not limited to home networking APs, enterprise APs, single-band APs, dual-band synchronous (DBS) APs, tri-band synchronous (TBS) APs, standalone APs, non-standalone APs, software-enabled APs (software APs), and multi-link APs (also known as AP multi-link devices (MLDs)), as well as cellular (such as 3GPP, 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G) base stations or other cellular network nodes (such as Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), gNB, Transmit Receive Point (TRP)) or another type of equipment or apparatus included in the radio access network (RAN), including open RAN (O-RAN) network entities such as central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), or radio units (RUs).

[0075] Each STA 104 may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), mobile device, mobile phone, wireless phone, access terminal (AT), user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), or subscriber unit, etc. STA 104 can represent a variety of devices such as mobile phones, other handheld or wearable communication devices, netbooks, laptops, tablets, laptops, Chromebooks, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), or extended reality (XR) wireless headsets or other peripherals, wireless earbuds, other wearable devices, display devices (such as TVs, computer monitors, or video game consoles), video game controllers, navigation systems, music or other audio or stereo devices, remote control devices, printers, kitchen appliances (including smart refrigerators) or other home appliances, remote keys (such as those for passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and vehicles, etc.

[0076] A single AP 102 and its associated set of STA 104s may be referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS), which is managed by the respective AP 102. Figure 1 Additionally, an example coverage area 108 of AP 102 is shown, which may represent the Basic Service Area (BSA) of wireless communication network 100. The BSA can be identified by STA 104 and other devices via a Service Set Identifier (SSID) and a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), which may be the Media Access Control (MAC) address of AP 102. AP 102 may periodically broadcast beacon frames (“beacons”) including the BSSID to enable any STA 104 within the wireless range of AP 102 to “associate” or reassociate with AP 102 to establish or maintain a corresponding communication link 106 (also referred to hereinafter as a “Wi-Fi link”) with AP 102. For example, the beacon may include an identifier or indication of the primary channel used by the corresponding AP 102, and a Timing Synchronization Function (TSF) for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with AP 102. AP 102 can provide access to external networks to each STA 104 in the wireless communication network 100 via the corresponding communication link 106.

[0077] To establish a communication link 106 with AP 102, each STA 104 is configured to perform passive or active scanning operations (“scans”) on frequency channels in one or more frequency bands (such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, or 60 GHz bands). To perform a passive scan, STA 104 listens for beacons transmitted by the corresponding AP 102 at periodic time intervals (referred to as the Target Beacon Transmission Time (TBTT)). To perform an active scan, STA 104 generates probe requests and transmits these requests sequentially on each channel to be scanned, and listens for probe responses from AP 102. Each STA 104 can identify, determine, detect, or select an AP 102 to associate with based on the scanning information obtained through passive or active scanning, and performs authentication and association operations to establish a communication link 106 with the selected AP 102. The selected AP 102 assigns an association identifier (AID) to STA 104 at the end of the association operation, and AP 102 uses the association identifier (AID) to track STA 104.

[0078] As wireless networks become increasingly prevalent, STA 104 may have the opportunity to choose from one of many BSSs within its range or from multiple APs 102 that together form an Extended Service Set (ESS) (comprising multiple connected BSSs). For example, wireless communication network 100 may be connected to a wired or wireless distribution system capable of connecting multiple APs 102 in such an ESS. Therefore, STA 104 may be covered by more than one AP 102 and may be associated with different APs 102 at different times for different transmissions. Additionally, after associating with an AP 102, STA 104 may periodically scan its surroundings to find a more suitable AP 102 to associate with. For example, STA 104 moving relative to its associated AP 102 may perform a “roaming” scan to find another AP 102 with more desirable network characteristics, such as a larger Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or reduced traffic load.

[0079] In some examples, STA 104 can form a network without AP 102 or any other equipment besides STA 104 itself. An example of such a network is an ad hoc network (or wireless ad hoc network). Ad hoc networks may also be referred to as mesh networks or peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In some examples, ad hoc networks can be implemented within a larger network, such as wireless communication network 100. In such examples, while STA 104 may be able to communicate with each other via communication link 106 through AP 102, STA 104 can also communicate directly with each other via direct wireless communication link 110. Additionally, two STA 104 can communicate via direct wireless communication link 110, regardless of whether the two STA 104 are associated with and served by the same AP 102. In such ad hoc systems, one or more STAs among STA 104 can assume the role played by AP 102 in the BSS. Such STA 104 can be referred to as the group owner (GO) and can coordinate transmissions within the ad hoc network. Examples of direct wireless communication links 110 include Wi-Fi direct connections, connections established by using Wi-Fi Tunneling Direct Link Establishment (TDLS) links, and other P2P group connections.

[0080] In some networks, AP 102 or STA 104, or both, can support applications associated with high throughput or low latency requirements, or provide lossless audio to one or more other devices. For example, AP 102 or STA 104 can support applications and use cases associated with ultra-low latency (ULL), such as ULL gaming, or streaming lossless audio and video to one or more personal audio devices (such as peripherals) or AR / VR / MR / XR headsets. In scenarios where a user uses two or more peripherals, AP 102 or STA 104 can support extended personal audio networks that enable communication with these two or more peripherals. Additionally, AP 102 and STA 104 can support additional ULL applications with ULL and high throughput requirements, such as cloud-based applications (such as VR cloud gaming).

[0081] As indicated above, in some implementations, AP 102 and STA 104 may operate and communicate according to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol family of standards (via the corresponding communication link 106). These standards define WLAN radio and baseband protocols for the physical (PHY) layer and MAC layer. AP 102 and STA 104 transmit and receive wireless communications to and from each other in the form of PHY Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) (also referred to below as "Wi-Fi communication" or "wireless packets").

[0082] Each PPDU is a composite structure comprising a PHY preamble and a payload in the form of a PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU). The information provided in the preamble can be used by the receiving device to decode subsequent data in the PSDU. In instances where the PPDU is transmitted on a bound channel or a wideband channel, the preamble field may be repeated and transmitted in each of the multiple component channels. The PHY preamble may include both a legacy portion (or "legacy preamble") and a non-legacy portion (or "non-legacy preamble"). The legacy preamble can be used for other purposes such as packet detection, automatic gain control, and channel estimation. The legacy preamble is also typically used to maintain compatibility with legacy equipment. The format, decoding, and information provided in the non-legacy portion of the preamble are associated with the specific IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol to be used to transmit the payload.

[0083] AP 102 and STA 104 in wireless communication network 100 can transmit PPDUs on unlicensed spectrum, which may be a portion of the spectrum including bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technologies, such as the 2.4 GHz band, 5 GHz band, 6 GHz band, 45 GHz band, and 60 GHz band. Some examples of AP 102 and STA 104 described herein can also communicate in other bands that can support both licensed and unlicensed communication. For example, AP 102 or STA 104, or both, may also be able to communicate on licensed operating bands, where multiple operators may have corresponding licenses to operate in the same or overlapping frequency ranges. Such licensed operating bands may be mapped to or associated with the following frequency ranges specified: FR1 (410MHz–7.122GHz), FR2 (24.22GHz–52.6GHz), FR3 (7.122GHz–24.22GHz), FR4a or FR4–1 (52.6GHz–71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz–114.22GHz), and FR5 (114.22GHz–240GHz).

[0084] Each of these frequency bands may include multiple sub-bands and frequency channels (also referred to as sub-channels). The terms "channel" and "sub-channel" may be used interchangeably herein, as each term may refer to a portion of the spectrum within the frequency band (such as a 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, or 160MHz portion of the spectrum) through which communication between two or more wireless communication devices may occur. For example, PPDUs conforming to revisions of the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be, and 802.11bn standards may be transmitted on one or more of the 2.4GHz, 5GHz, or 6GHz frequency bands, each of which is divided into multiple 20MHz channels. Thus, these PPDUs are transmitted on physical channels with a minimum bandwidth of 20MHz, but larger channels can be formed through channel bonding. For example, a PPDU can be transmitted on a physical channel with bandwidths of 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz, 240MHz, 320MHz, 480MHz, or 640MHz by bundling multiple 20MHz channels together.

[0085] AP 102 can determine or select the operational or operational bandwidth for STA 104 in its BSS, and select a series of channels within the band to provide that operational bandwidth. For example, AP 102 can select sixteen 20MHz channels that collectively span a 320MHz operational bandwidth. Within the operational bandwidth, AP 102 typically selects a single primary 20MHz channel on which AP 102 and STA 104 in its BSS monitor contention-based access schemes. In some examples, AP 102 or STA 104 may be able to monitor only a single primary 20MHz channel for packet detection (such as for detecting preambles of PPDUs). Conventionally, any transmission made by AP 102 or STA 104 within the BSS must involve transmission on the primary 20MHz channel. Therefore, in a conventional system, the transmitting device must compete for and win the TXOP on the primary channel in order to make any transmission. However, some APs 102 and STAs 104 that support Ultra-High Reliability (UHR) communication or communication revised according to the IEEE 802.11bn standard can be configured to operate, monitor, compete for, and communicate using multiple primary 20MHz channels. This monitoring of multiple primary 20MHz channels can be sequential, such that in response to determining, identifying, or detecting that a first primary 20MHz channel is unavailable, the wireless communication device can switch to monitoring and competing using a second primary 20MHz channel. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication device can be configured to monitor multiple primary 20MHz channels in parallel. In some examples, the first primary 20MHz channel may be referred to as the main primary (M-primary) channel, and one or more additional secondary primary channels may each be referred to as the opportunistic primary (O-primary) channel. For example, if the wireless communication device measures, identifies, identifies, detects, or otherwise determines that the M-primary channel is busy or occupied (e.g., due to overlapping BSS (OBSS) transmissions), the wireless communication device can switch to monitoring and competing on the O-primary channel. In some examples, the M primary channel can be used for beacon transmission and to serve legacy client equipment, while the O primary channel can be used by non-legacy (such as UHR or IEEE 802.11bn compatible) equipment for opportunistic access to spectrum that may otherwise be underutilized.

[0086] In some implementations, a combination of one or more STA 104s, one or more AP 102s, or such wireless devices can communicate over an extended coverage area relative to other communication systems. In such implementations, the wireless devices can utilize a PPDU format designed to achieve a target data rate over an extended coverage area while reducing the complexity of packet detection and identification at the receiving wireless device. Therefore, a first wireless device (such as the transmitting STA 104 or AP 102) can transmit one or more ELR signature fields via a preamble to indicate that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. For example, the first wireless device can transmit one or more ELR signature fields following an old-signal field (L-SIG) of the PPDU, a repeated L-SIG (RL-SIG) of the PPDU, or one or more universal signal (U-SIG) fields of the PPDU. Thus, a second wireless device (such as the receiving STA 104 or AP 102) can receive the preamble of the PPDU and perform packet identification and detection based on one or more ELR signature fields. In other words, based on the presence of one or more ELR signature fields, the second wireless device can identify that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, thereby reducing the complexity at the second wireless device.

[0087] Figure 2 An example protocol data unit (PDU) 200 is shown that can be used for wireless communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs in an ELR communication network. For example, the AP and STA can be reference... Figure 1 Examples of AP 102 and STA 104 are described. PDU 200 can be configured as a PPDU. As shown, PDU 200 includes a PHY preamble 202 and a PHY payload 204. For example, preamble 202 may include a legacy portion, which itself includes a legacy short training field (L-STF) 206 consisting of two symbols, a legacy long training field (L-LTF) 208 consisting of two symbols, and an L-SIG 210 consisting of two symbols. The legacy portion of preamble 202 may be configured according to the IEEE 802.11a wireless communication protocol standard. Preamble 202 may also include a non-legacy portion, which includes one or more non-legacy fields 212, for example, conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard family.

[0088] L-STF 206 generally enables receiving devices (such as AP 102 or STA 104) to perform coarse timing and frequency tracking, as well as automatic gain control (AGC). L-LTF 208 generally enables receiving devices to perform fine timing and frequency tracking, and also to perform initial estimation of the radio channel. L-SIG 210 generally enables receiving devices to determine (such as acquire, select, identify, detect, detect, calculate, or operate) the duration of the PDU and use the determined duration to avoid transmission over the PDU. The legacy portion of the preamble can be modulated according to binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation schemes, including L-STF 206, L-LTF 208, and L-SIG 210. The payload 204 can be modulated according to a BPSK modulation scheme, a quadrature BPSK (Q-BPSK) modulation scheme, a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme, or another suitable modulation scheme. Payload 204 may include a PSDU containing a data field (DATA) 214, which in turn may carry higher-level data in the form of, for example, MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) or Aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU).

[0089] PDU 200 can be configured as one or more existing PPDU formats, such as 11a PPDU format, High Throughput (HT) Green Field (GF) PPDU format, HT Mixed Function (MF) PPDU format, Super HT (VHT) PPDU format, High Efficiency (HE) Single User format, HE Trigger-Based (TB) PPDU format, HE Multi-User (MU) PPDU format, HE Extended Range (ER) SU PPDU format, Wake-Up Radio (WUR) PPDU format, Extremely High Throughput (EHT) MU PPDU format, EHT TB PPDU format, ER SU PPDU format, or Post-11be PPDU format.

[0090] Figure 3A An example of a PPDU 300 for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs in an ELR communication network is shown. For example, the AP and STA can be reference... Figure 1Examples of AP 102 and STA 104 are described below. As shown, PPDU 300 includes a PHY preamble (which includes a first part 302 and a second part 304) and a payload 306 (which includes a data field 326). The first part 302 of the preamble includes L-STF 308, L-LTF 310, and L-SIG 312. The second part 304 of the preamble includes RL-SIG 314 and several wireless communication protocol version-related signal fields following RL-SIG 314. For example, the second part 304 may include a U-SIG field 318 (referred to herein as "U-SIG 318") and an EHT signal field 320 (referred to herein as "EHT-SIG 320"). The presence of RL-SIG 314 and U-SIG 318 indicates to an EHT-compliant or later version STA 104 that PPDU 300 is an EHT PPDU or any later (post-EHT) version PPDU conforming to a new wireless communication protocol (conforming to the future IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard). One or both of U-SIG 318 and EHT-SIG 320 can be configured as other wireless communication protocol versions above EHT that are associated with a revision of the IEEE standards family and carry version-related information for those protocol versions. For example, U-SIG 318 can be used by a receiving device (such as AP 102 or STA 104) to interpret bits in one or more of EHT-SIG 320 or data field 326. Similar to L-STF 308, L-LTF310 and L-SIG 312, in instances involving the use of bound channels, the information in U-SIG 318 and EHT-SIG 320 can be repeated and transmitted in each of the component 20MHz channels.

[0091] Part 2, 304, also includes an additional short training field 322 (referred to herein as "EHT-STF 322," but which can be constructed for other wireless communication protocol versions above EHT and carries version-related information for those protocols) and one or more additional long training fields 324 (referred to herein as "EHT-LTF 324," but which can be constructed for other wireless communication protocol versions above EHT and carry version-related information for those protocols). EHT-STF 322 can be used for timing and frequency tracking and AGC, while EHT-LTF 324 can be used for more refined channel estimation.

[0092] The EHT-SIG 320 can be used by the AP 102 to identify one or more STAs 104 and notify those STAs that the AP 102 has scheduled uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) resources for them. The EHT-SIG 320 can be decoded by each compatible STA 104 served by the AP 102. The EHT-SIG 320 can generally be used by the receiving device to interpret the bits in the data field 326. For example, the EHT-SIG 320 may include resource unit (RU) allocation information, spatial flow configuration information, and per-user (such as STA-specific) signaling information. Each EHT-SIG 320 may include a common field and at least one user-specific field. In the context of OFDMA, the common field may indicate the RU distribution across multiple STAs 104, indicate RU assignment in the frequency domain, indicate which RUs are allocated for MU-MIMO transmission and which RUs correspond to OFDMA transmission, and the number of users in the allocation, etc. The user-specific field is assigned to a specific STA 104 and carries STA-specific scheduling information, such as user-specific MCS values ​​and user-specific RU allocation information. This information enables the corresponding STA 104 to identify and decode the corresponding RU in the associated data field 326.

[0093] In some implementations, wireless devices can utilize the PPDU 300 format, which is designed to achieve the target data rate over extended coverage while reducing the complexity of packet detection and identification at the receiving wireless device. Therefore, a first wireless device (such as transmitting STA 104 or AP 102) can transmit one or more ELR signature fields indicating that the PPDU 300 is associated with ELR communication via the PPDU 300 preamble. For example, the first wireless device can transmit one or more ELR signature fields following L-SIG 312, RL-SIG 314, or U-SIG 318 of the PPDU 300. Thus, a second wireless device (such as receiving STA 104 or AP 102) can receive the PPDU 300 preamble and perform packet identification and detection based on one or more ELR signature fields. In other words, based on the presence of one or more ELR signature fields, the second wireless device can identify that the PPDU 300 is associated with ELR communication, thereby reducing complexity at the second wireless device.

[0094] Figure 3BAn example of a PPDU 301 is shown that can be used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs in an ELR communication network. In some specific implementations, PPDU 301 may be an ELR GF PPDU, which may include preambles, wherein the preambles include Ultra-High Reliability (UHR) ELR-STF 328, UHR-ELR-LTF 330, and UHR-ELR-SIG 332. Additionally, PPDU 301 may also include UHR-ELR-DATA 334. The wireless device may use PPDU 301 for a Short ELR Request (ELR-RTS) and utilize the PPDU to protect UHR-ELR-DATA 334, wherein UHR-ELR-DATA 334 may include an increased number of data.

[0095] The first wireless device can transmit PPDU 301 in an efficient and simple manner (e.g., by not spoofing the preamble), which reduces the overhead of PPDU 301. In such an implementation, PPDU 301 may not include one or more legacy fields in the preamble, making legacy preamble coverage potentially limited, thus allowing PPDU 301 to be detected by other peripheral wireless devices (such as ELR legacy receivers). Within PPDU 301, a second wireless device (such as a receiver) can utilize UHR-ELR-STF 328 for packet detection and ELR pattern classification. For example, UHR-ELR-STF 328 can carry the same sequence as L-STFs (such as L-STF 308), but transmitted with a 3dB boost at a fixed frequency offset (such as 625kHz for classification). In this way, the second wireless device can perform packet detection using an enhanced autocorrect-based algorithm and ELR pattern classification using a 625kHz offset. Additionally, the first wireless device can transmit UHR-ELR-STF 328 with a 3dB power boost, and transmit UHR-ELR-SIG 332 and UHR-ELR-DATA 334 with multiple repetitions (such as 4 repetitions).

[0096] Figure 3CAn example of a PPDU 303 is shown that can be used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs in an ELR communication network. In some other specific implementations, the PPDU 303 may be a spoofed GFPPDU 303 that may include a preamble, wherein the preamble includes one or more legacy fields (such as L-STF 336, L-LTF 338, L-SIG 340, RL-SIG 342, U-SIG 344-a, and U-SIG 344-b) and one or more ELR fields (such as UHR-ELR-STF346, UHR-ELR-LTF 348, and UHR-ELR-SIG 350). Additionally, the PPDU 303 may include a UHR-ELR-DATA 352 field as part of the data portion of the PPDU 303.

[0097] In such implementations, the first wireless device (such as a transmitter) can transmit PPDU 303 via two segments, where processing at the second wireless device (such as an ELR receiver) can be relatively simple and efficient. In such implementations, the second wireless device can discard any spoofed preamble fields. Furthermore, the first wireless device can transmit UHR-ELR-SIG 350 after UHR-ELR-LTF 348. The second wireless device can perform ELR packet detection and ELR mode classification based on the sequence of UHR-ELR-STF 346, where late packet detection may increase the likelihood of collisions. UHR-ELR-STF 346 can carry the same sequence as L-STF 336, but is transmitted with a 3dB boost at a fixed frequency offset (such as 625kHz for mode classification). In some implementations, the second wireless device can perform ELR mode indication detection based on either UHR-ELR-LTF 348 or UHR-ELR-SIG 350.

[0098] For example, the first wireless device can set the sequence of UHR-ELR-LTF 348 using a reserved sequence of ELR mode indication, or set the sequence of UHR-ELR-SIG 350 using mode indication bits. For example, the first wireless device can set the sequence of UHR-ELR-SIG 350 (such as bits 24 to 27) to indicate the BSS ID (6+2 bits), the duration of PPDU 303 (bits 5-6 in a 16-microsecond symbol), the MCS indication (1 bit), the CRC indication of PPDU 303 (bits 4-6), and include a tail (6 bits). Additionally, the first wireless device can transmit UHR-ELR-STF 346 with a 3dB power boost and transmit UHR-ELR-SIG 350 and UHR-ELR-DATA 352 with multiple repetitions (such as 4 repetitions).

[0099] Figure 3D An example of a PPDU 305 is shown that can be used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs in an ELR communication network. In some specific implementations, the PPDU 305 may include a preamble having one or more legacy fields (such as L-STF 354, L-LTF 356, L-SIG 358, RL-SIG 360-a, RL-SIG 360-b, RL-SIG 360-c, and RL-SIG 360-d) and one or more ELR fields (such as ELR-SIG 362-a, ELR-SIG 362-b, ELR-SIG 362-c, ELR-SIG 362-d, UHR-ELR-STF 364, and EHT-ELR-LTF 366). Additionally, the PPDU 305 may include a UHR-ELR-DATA 368 field. In such a specific implementation, the first wireless device may transmit PPDU 305 via one or two segments, depending on the modulation scheme used to transmit the SIG and data fields.

[0100] In this implementation, the second wireless device can perform packet detection based on L-STF 354, thereby reducing the likelihood of collisions. In this implementation, the first wireless device can send four repetitions of L-SIG 358, allowing the second wireless device to reuse the length of one or more legacy fields, which reduces the number of bits in ELR-SIG 362. Furthermore, the second wireless device can perform ELR pattern classification in part based on the four repetitions of L-SIG 358. Using PPDU305, the second wireless device can perform ELR pattern detection based on fields preceding ELR-SIG 362 or based on ELR-SIG 362 itself.

[0101] In some specific implementations, the second wireless device may perform ELR mode detection based on the frequency offset transmitted by L-STF 354, four repetitions of L-SIG 358, RL-SIG360-c or RL-SIG 360-a (which may include a 6-bit length), the signature sequence at ELR-SIG 362, four repetitions of ELR-SIG 362, or four repetitions of ELR-SIG 362 and the mode indication bits included in ELR-SIG 362. To perform ELR mode detection according to ELR-SIG 362, the first wireless device may set a sequence of ELR-SIG bits (such as bits 24 to 27) in ELR-SIG 362 to indicate the BSS ID (6+2 bits), the duration of PPDU 305 (bits 5-6 in a 16-microsecond symbol), the MCS indication (1 bit), the CRC indication of PPDU 305 (bits 4-6), and include a tail (6 bits).

[0102] Figure 4 An example of signaling diagram 400 illustrating the transmission of a PPDU is shown, the PPDU including one or more ELR identifiers (ELR-IDs) indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. Aspects of signaling diagram 400 can be implemented as referenced herein. Figure 1 – Figure 3 illustrates aspects of the wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, PPDU 301, PPDU 303, and PPDU 305. For example, signaling diagram 400 may include wireless device 402-a (such as a transmitter), which may be as referenced herein. Figure 1 Examples of wireless STA 104 or wireless AP 102 described herein. Furthermore, signaling diagram 400 may include wireless device 402-b (such as a receiver), which may be as referenced herein. Figure 1 Examples of wireless STA 104 or wireless AP 102 described herein. The techniques described in the context of signaling diagram 400 enable wireless device 402-b to receive PPDU 404, which includes one or more ELR-IDs 420 indicating that PPDU 404 is associated with ELR communication.

[0103] Wireless device 402 can perform ELR communication, during which it communicates within an extended coverage area or distance relative to other WLAN communication networks. To facilitate such ELR communication, wireless devices 402-a and 402-b can utilize PPDUs designed to achieve target data rates and throughput during communication within the extended coverage area. For example, the PPDUs used for ELR communication can be backward compatible, such as being formatted or containing references to this document. Figure 2 Similar fields to those described in Figure 3 for other PPDU formats. Additionally, PPDUs used for ELR communication can be formatted in a way that reduces or otherwise limits classification overhead.

[0104] However, in some examples, PPDUs used for ELR communication may lead to increased latency during ELR communication. For example, wireless device 402-a may send a PPDU to wireless device 402-b during ELR communication. In such examples, wireless device 402-b may receive the PPDU and perform one or more hypothesis tests to determine whether the received PPDU is associated with ELR communication. However, in such examples, wireless device 402-b may perform an increased number of hypothesis tests to determine the type of PPDU, resulting in increased complexity at wireless device 402-b. Additionally, this increased number of hypothesis tests may lead to additional hardware complexity and relatively longer durations compared to a single hypothesis test, thereby increasing latency in the ELR communication system. Therefore, techniques that enable wireless device 402-b to identify whether a PPDU is associated with ELR communication relatively quickly while also reducing the operational complexity at wireless device 402-b are desirable.

[0105] As described herein, wireless device 402-a can transmit PPDU 404, which is designed (e.g., formatted) to reduce complexity at wireless device 402-b, allowing wireless device 402-b to detect PPDU 404 relatively quickly while avoiding multiple hypothesis tests during detection. For example, PPDU 404 may include a PHY preamble and a PHY payload, such as those described herein with reference to Figure 3. The PHY preamble of PPDU 404 may include a first part 406 and a second part 408. The first part 406 may include one or more legacy fields and non-legacy fields, such as L-STF410, L-LTF 412, L-SIG 414, RL-SIG 416, U-SIG 418-a, or U-SIG 418-b, which may be referenced herein. Figure 2 Examples of the corresponding fields described in Figure 3.

[0106] The second part 408 of the preamble may include one or more ELR-IDs 420, which may be referred to as an ELR signature field, an ELR signature sequence, etc. Such ELR-IDs 420 may indicate that the PPDU 404 is associated with ELR communication (e.g., intended for use in ELR communication). For example, each ELR-ID in the ELR-ID 420 may include (e.g., carry) a corresponding sequence (e.g., a set of bits) known at wireless devices 402-a and 402-b, such that wireless device 402-b can identify the PPDU 404 as associated with ELR communication based on the corresponding sequence included in the ELR-ID 420.

[0107] PPDU 404 may also include an ELR modulation section 422, which may include one or more additional fields of the PHY preamble and data fields of the PHY payload. For example, the ELR modulation section 422 of the PPDU may include one or more ELR-STFs, one or more ELR-LTFs, and one or more ELR-SIGs, wherein such fields may be referred to as a third part of the preamble. Additionally, the ELR modulation section 422 may include data fields, such as UHR-ELR data fields.

[0108] In some implementations, wireless device 402-a may transmit PPDU 404 via one or two segments, depending on the modulation scheme used for the SIG field and the UHR-ELR data field. Wireless device 402-b may perform ELR packet detection according to L-STF 410, thereby reducing the likelihood of packet collisions. In some implementations, if automatic gain control (AGC) reset is not performed due to the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the channel, wireless device 402-a may not transmit one or more ELR-STFs (not shown) as part of ELR modulation section 422. Additionally, depending on whether PPDU 404 is transmitted via one or two segments, wireless device 402-a may not transmit one or more ELR-LTFs (not shown) as part of ELR modulation section 422.

[0109] In some specific implementations, wireless device 402-a can transmit up to three ELR-IDs 420, such as ELR-ID 420-a, ELR-ID 420-b, and ELR-ID 420-c, carrying corresponding sequences via corresponding symbols that are part of the second part 408 of the preamble of PPDU 404. For example, after transmitting the first part 406 of the preamble of PPDU 404, wireless device 402-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 420-a via a first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol. Therefore, wireless device 402-b can monitor the first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol to receive ELR-ID 420-a. In this way, wireless device 402-a can transmit ELR-ID 420-a using a single symbol.

[0110] However, in such examples, the transmission of ELR-ID 420-a may fail to achieve the target data rate and throughput of ELR communication, may be unreliable, or both. Therefore, in some specific implementations, wireless device 402-a may transmit two ELR-IDs 420 (such as ELR-ID 420-a and ELR-ID 420-b) to meet the target data rate and improve transmission reliability. For example, after transmitting the first part 406 of the preamble, wireless device 402-a may transmit ELR-ID 420-a via a first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol. Similarly, wireless device 402-a may transmit ELR-ID 420-b via a second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol. Thus, wireless device 402-b can monitor the first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol to obtain the sequence of ELR-ID 420-a, and monitor the second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol to obtain the sequence of ELR-ID 420-b. In such examples, the first symbol may precede the second symbol in time. In this way, wireless device 402 can improve the reliability of ELR-ID transmission.

[0111] To further improve the reliability of the second part 408 of the preamble and the automatic detection of this second part of the preamble, the wireless device 402-a can transmit three ELR-IDs 420 via corresponding symbols, such as ELR-ID 420-a, ELR-ID 420-b, and ELR-ID 420-c. For example, the wireless device 402-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 420-a via a first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol, and transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 420-b via a second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol. Similarly, the wireless device 402-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 420-c via a third set of frequency modulations of the third symbol. In this way, the wireless device 402 can further improve the reliability of ELR-ID transmission.

[0112] In some specific implementations, the positioning of ELR-ID 420 within PPDU 404 can vary between different PPDU formats. That is, wireless device 402-a can optionally transmit RL-SIG 416 and U-SIG 418 as part of the first part 406 of the preamble of PPDU 404. Therefore, wireless device 402-a can transmit ELR-ID 420 after L-SIG 414, after RL-SIG 416, or after U-SIG 418.

[0113] For example, wireless device 402-a can utilize the first format of PPDU 404, wherein wireless device 402-a can send ELR-ID 420 after sending L-SIG 414. Such techniques can be referenced herein. Figure 5 To be further described. Alternatively, wireless device 402-a may utilize a second format of PPDU 404, wherein wireless device 402-a may transmit ELR-ID 420 after transmitting RL-SIG 416. Such techniques can be referenced herein. Figure 6 To further describe. Wireless device 402-a can utilize the third format of PPDU 404, wherein wireless device 402-a can send ELR-ID 420 after U-SIG 418. Such techniques can be referenced in this document. Figure 7 Let me describe it further.

[0114] In some implementations, wireless device 402-a may use a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation scheme to modulate corresponding symbols, such as a first symbol, a second symbol, and a third symbol. Additionally or alternatively, wireless device 402-a may utilize a quadrature BPSK (QBPSK) modulation scheme to modulate the corresponding symbols, wherein the QBPSK modulation scheme may include performing BPSK modulation with a 90-degree rotation. In some examples, wireless device 402-a may use an inverse BPSK modulation scheme to modulate the corresponding symbols, wherein the inverse BPSK modulation scheme may include performing BPSK modulation with a 180-degree rotation. In some other examples, wireless device 402-a may modulate the corresponding symbols based on a combination (such as a hybrid) of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes or a combination of BPSK and inverse BPSK modulation schemes.

[0115] In some specific implementations, wireless device 402-a may transmit ELR-ID 420 via a subset of the frequency modalities of the corresponding symbol, such as by filling every other frequency modal or every X frequency modals in the frequency modal set with data. That is, the wireless device may transmit ELR-ID 420-a such that the sequence of ELR-ID 420-a is transmitted across a subset of the first set of frequency modals. As an illustrative example, the first symbol may include 52 frequency modals, such as 52 frequency ranges, where each frequency modal may be used to transmit a single data bit. Therefore, wireless device 402-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 420-a via each of the 52 frequency modals, via a subset of the 52 frequency modals, using each odd frequency modal, using each even frequency modal, or using every X frequency modals of the 52 frequency modals.

[0116] Additionally, if wireless device 402-a transmits one or more additional ELR-IDs 420, wireless device 402-a may use the same set of frequency modulations across each symbol, different sets of frequency modulations across each symbol, or a combination of such frequency modulation structures. For example, wireless device 402-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-IDs 420 via a first set of frequency modulations. Therefore, wireless device 402-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-IDs 420-b via the first set of frequency modulations, via a second set of frequency modulations different from the first set of frequency modulations, or via a subset of the first set of frequency modulations. In such a specific implementation, wireless device 402-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-IDs 420-c via the first set of frequency modulations, via the second set of frequency modulations, or via a third set of frequency modulations different from the first and second sets of frequency modulations.

[0117] In some specific implementations, because ELR-ID 420 is used to indicate that PPDU 404 is associated with ELR communication or ELR mode, wireless device 402-a can transmit ELR-ID 420-a differently from the field of the existing PPDU format at the same location via the first set of frequency modulation of the first symbol, thereby reducing false alarms at wireless device 402-b. Therefore, wireless device 402-a can use various modulation schemes, frequency modulation structures, etc., to transmit ELR-ID via the corresponding symbol to distinguish the corresponding symbol as carrying ELR-ID 420.

[0118] As an illustrative example, a VHT PPDU may include a VHT-SIG-A1 field after L-SIG 414, while PPDU 404 may include ELR-ID 420-a after L-SIG 414. Therefore, to prevent wireless device 402-b from misinterpreting ELR-ID 420-a of PPDU 404 as the VHT-SIG-A1 field of the VHT PPDU, wireless device 402-a may transmit ELR-ID 420-a via a first symbol, wherein the first symbol is transmitted using a different modulation scheme, a different frequency modulation structure, or both, than the symbol used to transmit the VHT-SIG-A1 field of the VHT PPDU.

[0119] As described herein, each ELR-ID in ELR-ID 420 may include a corresponding sequence (such as a set of bits) such that wireless device 402-b can identify PPDU 404 associated with ELR communication based on the corresponding sequence. In some specific implementations, wireless device 402-a may select a corresponding sequence for ELR-ID 420 to maximize the Hamming distance from RL-SIG 416. For example, if wireless device 402-a transmits ELR-ID 420-a starting at the second symbol after L-LTF 412 (such as after L-SIG 414), wireless device 402-a may set the first N bits of ELR-ID 420-a to the inverse (such as the opposite) of the first N bits of the encoded L-SIG 41, thereby distinguishing PPDU 404 from various existing PPDU formats.

[0120] In some specific implementations, wireless device 402-a may indicate additional information, such as a BSSID, via ELR-ID 420. For example, each BSSID may be associated with a different sequence, where a portion of each of these sequences may be orthogonal. Thus, if wireless device 402-a transmits ELR-ID 420-a via a first symbol using 48 frequency moduli (carrying 48 bits) after L-SIG 414, wireless device 402-a may determine a bit sequence from a 32-bit sequence in an orthogonal mapping (such as a Walsh mapping) based on 5 of the 6 bits of the BSSID. Based on the determined 32-bit sequence, wireless device 402-a may set 32 ​​of the 48 frequency moduli of the first symbol to carry the 32-bit sequence, set one or more of the 48 frequency moduli of the first symbol to carry the remaining 1 bit of the BSSID, and set the remaining X frequency moduli of the 48 frequency moduli to carry X bits of other stationary information.

[0121] In some other specific implementations, wireless device 402-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 420-a to be equal to the sequence of L-LTF 412. As an illustrative example, if the L-LTF sequence is equal to 0110, then wireless device 402-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 420-a to be equal to 0110. Additionally or alternatively, wireless device 402-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 420-a to be associated with U-SIG 418 (such as the content of U-SIG 18), but having a physical version number that is different from or unused by the PHY version number transmitted via U-SIG 418. That is, wireless device 402-a may transmit a first U-SIG sequence with a first PHY version number via U-SIG 418, and a second U-SIG sequence with a second physical version number via ELR-ID 420-a, wherein the second physical version number is different from the first physical version number or is not used by the transmitted U-SIG 418. In some specific implementations, wireless device 402-a can select a sequence of ELR-IDs (such as a set of bits) such that the transmission of ELR-ID 420-a is based on the minimum PAPR. That is, wireless device 402-a can select a sequence of ELR-ID 420-a such that the transmitted PAPR can be minimized.

[0122] Because the sequence of ELR-ID 420 is known at both wireless device 402-a and wireless device 402-b, wireless device 402-b can perform channel estimation boosting on the corresponding symbols used to transmit ELR-ID 420. Therefore, in such an implementation, wireless device 402-b can monitor the corresponding symbols of ELR-ID 420 and use the corresponding frequency-modulated symbols used to transmit ELR-ID 420 to perform channel estimation boosting, such as channel measurement. In some examples, if wireless device 402-a transmits multiple ELR-ID 420s, where each sequence of the multiple ELR-ID 420s is identical (repeated), then wireless device 402-a can use the corresponding frequency modulation of the corresponding symbols to perform frequency tracking.

[0123] In this way, by sending one or more ELR-ID420s via the second part 408 of the preamble of PPDU 404, the wireless device can detect and identify that PPDU 404 is associated with ELR communication without performing multiple hypothesis tests, thereby reducing the complexity and latency during ELR communication.

[0124] Figure 5An example of a signaling diagram 500 illustrating the transmission of a PPDU is shown. This PPDU includes one or more ELR-IDs following a legacy signaling field, where the ELR-IDs indicate that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. Aspects of signaling diagram 500 can implement aspects of wireless communication network 100, PPDU 300, PPDU 301, PPDU 303, PPDU 305, and signaling diagram 400. For example, signaling diagram 500 may include wireless devices 502-a and 502-b, which may be as referenced herein. Figure 4 Examples of wireless devices 402-a and 402-b are described herein. Wireless device 502 can communicate using PPDU 504, which can be as referenced herein. Figure 4 An example of the described PPDU 404. The techniques described in the context of signaling diagram 500 enable wireless device 502-a to send one or more ELR-IDs 516 after L-SIG 514 of PPDU 504, so that wireless device 502-b can identify PPDU 504 as associated with ELR communication based on one or more ELR-IDs 516.

[0125] PPDU 504 may include a preamble and a data field, wherein the preamble may include at least a first part 506 and a second part 508. The first part 506 of the preamble may include one or more legacy fields, such as L-STF 510, L-LTF 512, and L-SIG 514, which may correspond to, as referenced herein. Figure 2 – Figure 4 The described one or more legacy fields. The second part 508 of the preamble may include one or more ELR-IDs 516, such as ELR-ID 516-a, ELR-ID 516-b, and ELR-ID 516-c, which may follow L-SIG 514 of the first part 506. ELR-ID 516 may be an example of ELR-ID 420. PPDU 504 may also include an ELR modulation section 518, which may be an example of ELR modulation section 422. Wireless device 502-a may transmit one or more ELR-IDs 516 following L-SIG 514, such that wireless device 502-b can identify PPDU 504 associated with ELR communication relatively quickly without increasing complexity at wireless device 502-b.

[0126] In some specific implementations, in order to integrate PPDU 504 with existing PPDU formats (such as those referenced in this document), Figure 2Distinguished from the PPDU format described in Figure 3, wireless device 502-a can transmit one or more ELR-IDs 516 according to various modulation schemes, various frequency modulation structures, different sequences, or combinations thereof. For example, ELR-ID 516-a can be consistent with the RL-SIG detection and QBPSK check at the symbol following L-SIG 514 in existing PPDU formats. That is, in one or more existing PPDU formats, the field following L-SIG 514 can be RL-SIG, VHT-SIG, or HT-SIG, where HT-SIG can be transmitted according to a QBSK modulation scheme. Therefore, in order to prevent the wireless device 502-b from interpreting ELR-ID 516-a as RL-SIG, VHT-SIG, or HT-SIG, the wireless device 502-a may transmit ELR-ID 516-a using a modulation scheme different from the modulation scheme used for RL-SIG, VHT-SIG, or HT-SIG transmission, a frequency modulation structure different from the frequency modulation structure used for RL-SIG, VHT-SIG, or HT-SIG transmission, a sequence different from the sequence used for RL-SIG, VHT-SIG, or HT-SIG, or a combination of each of the above.

[0127] In such a specific implementation, wireless device 502-a can determine the modulation scheme, frequency modulation structure, and sequence for transmitting ELR-ID 516-a based on the legacy data rate defined in L-SIG of PPDU 504. For example, the modulation scheme, frequency modulation structure, or both used in existing PPDU formats for transmitting the second symbol after L-LTF (such as at the same position as RL-SIG) can vary based on the legacy data rate of the PPDU. Additionally, the sequence of the second symbol after L-LTF in existing PPDU formats can also vary based on the legacy data rate of the PPDU. Therefore, in order to distinguish ELR-ID 516-a of PPDU 504 from RL-SIG, VHT-SIG, or HT-SIG of existing PPDU formats, wireless device 502-a can determine the modulation scheme, frequency modulation structure, or both of the first set of frequency modulations for transmitting the first symbol of ELR-ID 516-a based on the legacy data rate of PPDU 504. Similarly, wireless device 502-a can determine the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a based on the legacy data rate of PPDU 504.

[0128] In some examples, the legacy data rate of PPDU 504 can be set to 6 megabits per second (Mbps). In such examples, wireless device 502-a can transmit ELR-ID 516-a via each frequency in a first set of frequency modulations, according to a BPSK modulation scheme. In this way, wireless device 502-b can distinguish PPDU 504 from existing PPDU formats, such as the 11n mixed-mode (MM) PPDU format. Additionally or alternatively, to distinguish the RL-SIG field of an existing PPDU format from ELR-ID 516-a of PPDU 504, wireless device 502-a can, for example, set the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a to maximize the Hamming distance from L-SIG 514 by setting the first N bits of ELR-ID 516-a to the inverse of the first N bits of the encoded L-SIG 514, thereby ensuring that RL-SIG detection will fail at wireless device 502-b. In other words, wireless device 502-a can select the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a such that the sequence is partially reversed from the sequence of L-SIG 514.

[0129] As an illustrative example, the first four bits of L-SIG 514 can correspond to the rate field, while the single bit following the first four bits can be a reserved field. Such fields of L-SIG 514 can be included in any existing MM PPDU format. In response to Block Convolutional Decoder (BCC) encoding, the first five bits of L-SIG 514 can be transformed into the first 10 decoded bits. Therefore, wireless device 502-a can set a portion of the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a equal to the 10 decoded bits using inverse BPSK modulation (such as BPSK with a 180-degree rotation). That is, wireless device 502-a can set a portion of the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a equal to the inverse of the first 10 decoded bits of L-SIG 514, thereby distinguishing ELR-ID 516-a of PPDU 504 from the RL-SIG of existing PPDU formats. In such an example, wireless device 502-a can perform BCC interleaving on 10 bits of ELR-ID 516-a, such that the 10 bits of ELR-ID 516-a are interleaved on the same frequency as L-SIG 514. In this way, the Hamming distance between the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a and RL-SIG can be at least 10, thereby distinguishing ELR-ID 516-a of PPDU 504 from RL-SIG in the existing PPDU format.

[0130] In some specific implementations, if the data rate is equal to 6 Mbps, wireless device 502-a can further distinguish ELR-ID 516-a of PPDU 504 from RL-SIG, VHT-SIG, or HT-SIG in existing PPDU formats by transmitting a sequence of ELR-ID 516-a via a subset of the first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol and according to the BPSK modulation scheme. For example, wireless device 502-a can transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 516-a via even-numbered frequency modulations in the first set of frequency modulations, odd-numbered frequency modulations in the first set of frequency modulations, every other frequency modulation in the first set of frequency modulations, or every X frequency modulations in the first set of frequency modulations. Therefore, because the frequency modulation structure of the first symbol used to transmit ELR-ID 516-a is different from the frequency modulation structure of the symbols used to transmit RL-SIG, VHT-SIG, or HT-SIG in existing PPDU formats, wireless device 502-b may be able to distinguish ELR-ID 516-a from RL-SIG, VHT-SIG, or HT-SIG. In such an example, wireless device 502-a may perform a power boost on a frequency modulation subset of the sequence used to transmit ELR-ID 516-a, such as increasing the transmit power by 3dB.

[0131] Additionally, wireless device 502-a may transmit the field following ELR-ID 516-a according to the BPSK modulation scheme to avoid triggering 11ac MM detection at wireless device 502-b. That is, wireless device 502-a may transmit ELR-ID 516-a via the first symbol according to the BPSK modulation scheme, and transmit the field via the symbol following the first symbol according to the BPSK modulation scheme.

[0132] In some other implementations, the legacy data rate of PPDU 504 can be set to greater than 6 Mbps. Therefore, wireless device 502-a can transmit ELR-ID 516-a via each frequency in the first set of frequency modulations according to a QBPSK modulation scheme. In such examples, wireless device 502-a can modulate the symbol following the first symbol according to a BPSK modulation scheme. In this way, a legacy receiver (not shown) can decode PPDU 504 into an 11a PPDU.

[0133] By transmitting the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a via each frequency modulator in the first set of frequency modulators and according to the QBSK modulation scheme, wireless device 502 can distinguish PPDU 504 from all existing PPDU formats except the 11n MM PPDU format. To distinguish PPDU 504 from the 11n MM PPDU format and thus avoid false detection of the 11n MM PPDU format, wireless device 502-a can transmit the symbol following the first symbol according to the BPSK modulation scheme. In addition to modulating the subsequent symbol according to the BPSK modulation scheme, the wireless device can also transmit ELR-ID 516-a via a subset of the first set of frequency modulators (such as by transmitting ELR-ID 516-a via even frequency modulators in the first set of frequency modulators or by transmitting ELR-ID 516-a every other frequency modulator in the set of frequency modulators), and select different sequences of ELR-ID 516-a from all possible HT-SIG1 sequences that can be included in 11n MM communication.

[0134] In some other embodiments, to distinguish between PPDU 504 and the 11n MM PPDU format, wireless device 502-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a via the first symbol according to a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes, wherein the first symbol is optionally modulated using BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes on the filled frequency modulus. In some other embodiments, to distinguish between PPDU 504 and existing PPDU formats, wireless device 502-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a via a subset of the first set of frequency modulus, such as by filling every X frequency modulus, even frequency modulus, or odd frequency modulus, and performing a 3dB power boost on the transmission of the subset of the first set of frequency modulus. In this way, wireless device 502-a can transmit PPDU 504 such that wireless device 502-b can avoid misinterpreting PPDU 504 as an existing PPDU format.

[0135] As described herein, wireless device 502-a may transmit one or more additional ELR-IDs 516 as part of the second part 508 of the preamble. In such a specific implementation, wireless device 502-a may transmit ELR-IDs 516-a according to the legacy data rate of PPDU 504. For example, if the legacy data rate of PPDU 504 is set to equal to 6 Mbps, wireless device 502-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-IDs 516-a via each of the first set of frequency moduli of the first symbol and according to BPSK modulation. Alternatively, if the legacy data rate of PPDU 504 is set to greater than 6 Mbps, wireless device 502-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-IDs 516-a via each of the first set of frequency moduli of the first symbol and according to a QBPSK modulation scheme.

[0136] Therefore, wireless device 502-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b via a second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol according to the BPSK modulation scheme, to distinguish PPDU 504 from the existing PPDU format, thereby reducing error detection at wireless device 502-b and improving performance reliability. In other words, wireless device 502-a can change the modulation scheme used for transmitting ELR-ID 516-a to the modulation scheme used for transmitting ELR-ID 516-b to reduce error detection at wireless device 502-b. In such a specific implementation, wireless device 502-a can set the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b to be a repetition of the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b, allowing wireless device 502-b to perform frequency tracking. That is, wireless device 502-a can transmit ELR-ID 516-a and ELR-ID 516-b via the same set of frequency modulations of the corresponding symbols and using the same sequence. Alternatively, wireless device 502-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b to a sequence different from that of ELR-ID 516-a. In some specific implementations, wireless device 502-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b to a shifted or interleaved version of the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a.

[0137] As an illustrative example of the modulation scheme for transmitting ELR-ID 516-a and ELR-ID 516-b, if the legacy data rate of PPDU 504 is set to 6 Mbps, then wireless device 502-a can transmit ELR-ID 516-a via the first symbol according to the BPSK modulation scheme, and transmit ELR-ID 516-b via the second symbol according to the BPSK modulation scheme. Alternatively, if the legacy data rate of PPDU 504 is set to greater than 6 Mbps, then wireless device 502-a can transmit ELR-ID 516-a via the first symbol according to the QBPSK modulation scheme, and transmit ELR-ID 516-b via the second symbol according to BPSK. In some implementations, if the legacy data rate of PPDU 504 is set to greater than 6 Mbps, the wireless device 502-a can transmit ELR-ID 516-a and ELR-ID 516-b via corresponding symbols according to a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes (such as BPSK modulation for the first symbol and QBPSK modulation for the second symbol). In some other implementations, if the legacy data rate of PPDU 504 is set to greater than 6 Mbps, the wireless device can transmit ELR-ID 516-a via the first symbol according to a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes, and transmit ELR-ID 516-b via the second symbol according to a combination of QBPSK and BPSK modulation schemes, wherein ELR-ID 516-a and ELR-ID 516-b are simple repetitions of each other or transmitted with modulation changes.

[0138] As an illustrative example of the frequency modulation structure for transmitting ELR-ID 516-a and ELR-ID 516-b, wireless device 502-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 516-a via each frequency modulation in a first set of frequency modulations for the first symbol, and transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 516-b via each frequency modulation in a second set of frequency modulations for the second symbol. In such examples, wireless device 502-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b to be equal to the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a, or change the modulation scheme used for each symbol. In some specific implementations, wireless device 502-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 516-a via each frequency modulation in the first set of frequency modulations, and transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 516-b via a subset of frequency modulations in the first set of frequency modulations. In such embodiments, wireless device 502-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b to be equal to the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a on the filled frequency moduli in the first and second sets of frequency moduli. In some embodiments, wireless device 502-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a via a subset of the first set of frequency moduli and transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b via a subset of the first set of frequency moduli, wherein the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b is equal to the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a. In some embodiments, wireless device 502-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a via a subset of the first set of frequency moduli and transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b via each frequency moduli in the first set of frequency moduli, wherein the sequence of ELR-ID 516-b is equal to the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a on the filled frequency moduli in the first and second sets of frequency moduli.

[0139] In some implementations, wireless device 502-a may transmit three ELR-IDs 516. For example, wireless device 502-a may transmit ELR-ID 516-a via a first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol, ELR-ID 516-b via a second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol, and ELR-ID 516-c via a third set of frequency modulations of the third symbol. In such implementations, ELR-ID 516-c may be a repetition of ELR-ID 516-a. That is, wireless device 502-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 516-c to be equal to the sequence of ELR-ID 516-a, and transmit ELR-ID 516-c via the same frequency modulation as the first set of frequency modulations, according to the same modulation scheme used for the first symbol, or both.

[0140] Figure 6An example of signaling diagram 600 illustrating the transmission of a PPDU is shown. This PPDU includes one or more ELR-IDs following a repeating legacy signal field, where the ELR-IDs indicate that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. Aspects of signaling diagram 600 can be implemented as referenced herein. Figure 1 – Figure 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, PPDU 301, PPDU 303, PPDU 305, signaling diagram 400, and signaling diagram 500 are all aspects thereof. For example, signaling diagram 600 may include wireless devices 602-a and 602-b, which may be as referenced herein. Figure 4 and Figure 5 Examples of corresponding wireless devices described herein. Additionally, signaling diagram 600 may include PPDU 604, which may be as referenced herein. Figure 4 An example of the described PPDU 404. The techniques described in the context of signaling diagram 600 enable wireless device 602-a to send one or more ELR-IDs 618 after RL-SIG 616 of PPDU 604, so that wireless device 602-b can identify PPDU 604 as associated with ELR communication based on one or more ELR-IDs 618.

[0141] PPDU 604 may include a preamble and a data field, wherein the preamble may include a first part 606 and a second part 608. The first part 606 of the preamble may include one or more fields, such as L-LTF 610, L-LTF 612, L-SIG 614, and RL-SIG 616, which may be as referenced herein. Figure 2 – Figure 5 Examples of the corresponding fields described herein. The second part 608 of the preamble may include one or more ELR-IDs 618, such as ELR-ID 618-a, ELR-ID 618-b, and ELR-ID 618-c, which may be examples of one or more ELR-IDs 420 and one or more ELR-IDs 516 as described herein. PPDU 604 may also include an ELR modulation section 620, which may be an example of an ELR modulation section 422. As described herein, wireless device 602-a may transmit one or more ELR-IDs 618 following RL-SIG 616, allowing wireless device 602-b to identify PPDU 604 as associated with ELR communication relatively quickly without increasing complexity at wireless device 602-b.

[0142] To facilitate the transmission of one or more ELR-IDs 618 after transmitting RL-SIG 616, wireless device 602-a may transmit one or more ELR-IDs 618 according to various modulation schemes, various frequency modulation structures, various sequences, or combinations thereof. For example, using some existing PPDU formats (such as 11ax PPDU format and later PPDU formats), wireless device 602-a may modulate the symbol following RL-SIG 616 according to a BPSK modulation scheme, while using other existing PPDU formats (such as 11n PPDU format and 11ac), wireless device 602-a may modulate the symbol according to a QBPSK modulation scheme, wherein each data frequency modulus of the symbol is occupied. Therefore, to distinguish PPDU 604 from such existing PPDU formats, wireless device 602-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-IDs 618-a via a subset of a first set of the frequency modulus of the first symbol according to a QBPSK modulation scheme, a BPSK modulation scheme, or a combination of both.

[0143] In some specific implementations, to distinguish PPDU 604 from existing PPDU formats, wireless device 602-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via the first symbol according to a QBPSK modulation scheme. For example, since most existing PPDU formats use BPSK modulation for the symbol following RL-SIG 616, wireless device 602-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via the first symbol, where the first symbol is modulated using the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a according to the QBPSK modulation scheme, thereby reducing the possibility of erroneous detection or misinterpretation of PPDU 604 at wireless device 602-b.

[0144] In some other embodiments, to distinguish PPDU 604 from existing PPDU formats, wireless device 602-a may optionally transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via the first symbol on a filled frequency modulation according to a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes. For example, wireless device 602-a may modulate a first subset of the first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol according to a BPSK modulation scheme and a second subset of the first set of frequency modulations according to a QBPSK modulation scheme, thereby interleaving the first symbol. In such embodiments, wireless device 602-b may reduce misinterpretations of PPDU 604, such as error detection, by 3dB.

[0145] In some other embodiments, to distinguish PPDU 604 from existing PPDU formats, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via a subset of the first set of frequency moduli of the first symbol. For example, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via every X frequency moduli in the first set of frequency moduli, every other frequency moduli in the first set of frequency moduli, every even frequency moduli in the first set of frequency moduli, or every odd frequency moduli in the first set of frequency moduli. Additionally, wireless device 602-a may perform power boosting (such as by increasing the transmit power by 3dB) on the subset of the first set of frequency moduli, which may reduce misinterpretations of PPDU 604, such as error detection, by 3dB. In such embodiments, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via a subset of the first set of frequency moduli of the first symbol according to a QBPSK modulation scheme or an interleaved combination of QBPSK and BPSK modulation schemes.

[0146] In some specific implementations, to distinguish PPDU 604 from the U-SIG field of existing PPDU formats, wireless device 602-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a as a U-SIG sequence (such as known U-SIG content) having a physical version number that is different from or unused than the PHY version number transmitted via the U-SIG field in existing PPDU formats. Therefore, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via each frequency in a first set of frequency modes. Consequently, one or more legacy wireless devices may discard PPDU 604 based on the physical version number included in ELR-ID 618-a being unsupported by one or more legacy wireless devices, different from the PHY version number used by one or more legacy wireless devices, or both.

[0147] In some implementations, wireless device 602-a may transmit corresponding sequences of two ELR-IDs 618 (such as ELR-ID 618-a and ELR-ID 618-b) as part of PPDU 604. In such implementations, wireless device 602-a may determine various modulation schemes, frequency modulation structures, and sequences for the two ELR-IDs 618 to distinguish PPDU 404 with two ELR-IDs 618 from fields in existing PPDU formats (such as the repeating HE-SIG-A field in the HE ER SU PPDU format and the U-SIG field in the ER SU PPDU format).

[0148] For example, wireless device 602-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via a subset of the first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol and according to a QBPSK modulation scheme. Therefore, wireless device 602-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via a subset of the second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol according to a BPSK modulation scheme to distinguish PPDU 504 from existing PPDU formats, thereby reducing error detection at wireless device 502-b and improving performance reliability. In other words, wireless device 602-a can change the modulation scheme used for transmitting ELR-ID 618-a to the modulation scheme used for transmitting ELR-ID 618-b to reduce error detection at wireless device 602-b.

[0149] In some implementations, wireless device 602-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b as a repetition of the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b, enabling wireless device 602-a to perform frequency tracking. Alternatively, wireless device 602-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b as a sequence different from the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a. In some implementations, wireless device 602-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b as a shifted or interleaved version of the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a. In some implementations, wireless device 602-a may set the corresponding sequences of ELR-ID 618-a and ELR-ID 618-b as sequences associated with a U-SIG field having a different or unused PHY version number than that transmitted via the U-SIG field in an existing PPDU format. In such a specific implementation, wireless device 602-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via each frequency modulator in a first set of frequency modulators of the first symbol according to a BPSK modulation scheme, and transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via each frequency modulator in a second set of frequency modulators of the second symbol according to a BPSK modulation scheme.

[0150] As an exemplary example of a modulation scheme for transmitting ELR-ID 618, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via a first symbol according to a QBPSK modulation scheme, and transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via a second symbol according to a BPSK modulation scheme. Alternatively, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via a first symbol and the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via a second symbol according to a QBPSK modulation scheme, wherein the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b is equivalent to the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a. In some specific implementations, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via the first symbol and the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via the second symbol, according to the BPSK modulation scheme, wherein the corresponding sequences of ELR-ID 618-a and ELR-ID 618-b may have U-SIG fields with unused or different PHY version numbers.

[0151] In some other embodiments, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via a first symbol according to a BPSK modulation scheme, and transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via a second symbol according to a QBPSK modulation scheme. In such embodiments, wireless device 602-a may set the corresponding sequences of ELR-ID 618-a and ELR-ID 618-b to have an unused or different PHY version number in the U-SIG field. In some embodiments, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via a first symbol and the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via a second symbol according to a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes. In such embodiments, wireless device 602-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b to be equivalent to the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a.

[0152] In some other embodiments, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via a first symbol according to a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes, wherein BPSK and QBPSK modulation may optionally be applied to the padded frequency modulation. In such embodiments, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via a second symbol according to a combination of QBPSK and BPSK modulation schemes, wherein QBPSK and BPSK modulation may optionally be applied to the padded frequency modulation.

[0153] As an exemplary example of the frequency modulation structure for transmitting ELR-ID 618, wireless device 602-a can transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via every other frequency modulation in a first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol, and transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via every other frequency modulation in a second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol, wherein the first and second sets of frequency modulations can be the same. In such an implementation, wireless device 602-a can set the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b to be equal to the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a, or it can transmit each corresponding sequence of ELR-ID 618 according to different modulation schemes. In some other implementations, wireless device 602-a can transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via each frequency modulation in the first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol, and transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via each frequency modulation in the second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol. In such an implementation, wireless device 602-a may set the corresponding sequences of ELR-ID 618-a and ELR-ID 618-b to U-SIG sequences with unused or different PHY version numbers. In some other implementations, wireless device 602-a may transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via even-numbered frequencies in a first set of frequencies of the first symbol, and transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via each frequency in the first set of frequencies, wherein ELR-ID 618-a and ELR-ID 618-b use the same sequence on the same set of frequencies (such as the same filled frequencies).

[0154] In some implementations, wireless device 602-a may transmit three ELR-IDs 618. For example, wireless device 602-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 618-a via a first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol, a sequence of ELR-ID 618-b via a second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol, and a sequence of ELR-ID 618-c via a third set of frequency modulations of the third symbol. In such implementations, ELR-ID 618-c may be a repetition of ELR-ID 618-a. That is, wireless device 602-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 618-c to be equal to the sequence of ELR-ID 618-a, and transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 618-c via the same frequency modulation as the first set of frequency modulations, according to the same modulation scheme used for the first symbol, or both.

[0155] Figure 7An example of signaling diagram 700 illustrating the transmission of a PPDU is shown. This PPDU includes one or more ELR-IDs following one or more general signal fields, where the ELR-IDs indicate that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. Aspects of signaling diagram 700 can be implemented as referenced herein. Figure 1 – Figure 6 The described wireless communication networks 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, PPDU 301, PPDU 303, PPDU 305, signaling diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, and signaling diagram 600 are all aspects thereof. For example, signaling diagram 700 may include wireless devices 702-a and 702-b, which may be as referenced herein. Figure 4 – Figure 6 Examples of corresponding wireless devices described herein. Additionally, signaling diagram 700 may include PPDU 704, which may be as referenced herein. Figure 4 An example of the described PPDU 404. The techniques described in the context of signaling diagram 700 enable wireless device 702-a to send one or more ELR-IDs 720 after U-SIG 718 of PPDU 704, so that wireless device 702-b can identify PPDU 704 as associated with ELR communication based on one or more ELR-IDs 720.

[0156] PPDU 704 may include a preamble and a data field, wherein the preamble may include a first part 706 and a second part 708. The first part 706 of the preamble may include one or more fields, such as L-LTF 710, L-LTF 712, L-SIG 714, RL-SIG 716, U-SIG 718-a, and U-SIG 718-b, which may be as referenced herein. Figure 2 – Figure 6 Examples of the corresponding fields described herein. The second part 708 of the preamble may include one or more ELR-IDs 720, such as ELR-ID720-a, ELR-ID 720-b, and ELR-ID 720-c, which may be examples of one or more ELR-ID420s, one or more ELR-IDs 516s, and one or more ELR-IDs 618 as described herein. PPDU 704 may also include an ELR modulation section 722, which may be an example of ELR modulation section 422. As described herein, wireless device 702-a may transmit one or more ELR-IDs 720 following U-SIG 718, allowing wireless device 702-b to identify PPDU 704 associated with ELR communication relatively quickly without increasing complexity at wireless device 702-b.

[0157] To facilitate the transmission of one or more ELR-ID 720s after transmitting U-SIG 718, the wireless device 702-a may transmit one or more ELR-ID 720s according to various modulation schemes, various frequency modulation structures, various sequences, or combinations thereof. For example, the symbol following U-SIG 718-b (such as the fifth symbol after L-LTF 712) may be an ER SU SIG field transmitted according to a random BPSK modulation scheme in a 11ax or 11be ER SU PPDU format, a random SIG field transmitted according to a variable modulation scheme in a MU PPDU format, an STF in a TB PPDU format, or an LTF in a 11n MM or 11ac PPDU format. In such formats, legacy mode detection can be performed by receiving the symbol following U-SIG 718-b.

[0158] In some specific implementations, wireless device 702-a can set the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a to any sequence known to both wireless device 702-a and wireless device 702-b that has a phase rotation (such as a 90-degree or 180-degree phase rotation). Alternatively, wireless device 702-a can set the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a to a sequence equal to L-LTF 712. Therefore, by setting the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a to a previously used or predefined (such as known) sequence, wireless device 702 can perform channel estimation boosting using a first set of frequency modulations and a first symbol.

[0159] Therefore, to distinguish PPDU 704 from existing PPDU formats, wireless device 702-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a via a first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol, according to a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes. For example, wireless device 702-a can modulate a first subset of the first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol according to a BPSK modulation scheme and a second subset of the first set of frequency modulations according to a QBPSK modulation scheme, thereby modulating the first symbol in an interleaved manner. Additionally or alternatively, wireless device 702-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a via a subset of the first set of frequency modulations, for example, by transmitting the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a via every X frequency modulations in the first set of frequency modulations, via even frequency modulations in the first set of frequency modulations, via odd frequency modulations in the first set of frequency modulations, and via every other frequency modulation in the first set of frequency modulations. In such a specific implementation, wireless device 702-a can perform a power boost on a subset of the first set of frequency modulations, such as by increasing the transmit power by 3dB, thereby reducing the error detection at wireless device 702-b by 3dB.

[0160] In some implementations, wireless device 702-a can transmit corresponding sequences of two ELR-IDs 720 (such as ELR-ID 720-a and ELR-ID 720-b) as part of PPDU 704. Wireless device 702-a can set the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a to any known sequence or the sequence used in L-LTF 712 with a phase-rotated preamble. In such implementations, wireless device 702-a can transmit the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a via a subset of a first set of frequency modulations, based on a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes or both. In such implementations, wireless device 702-a can transmit ELR-ID 720-b via a second set of frequency modulations of a second symbol or via a subset of the second set of frequency modulations of a second symbol, wherein the second set of frequency modulations may be the same as or different from the first set of frequency modulations. Additionally, wireless device 702-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 720-b to be equal to the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a. Alternatively, wireless device 702-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 720-b to a different sequence, a shifted sequence, or an interleaved sequence of the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a.

[0161] In some implementations, wireless device 702-a may transmit three ELR-IDs 720. For example, wireless device 702-a may transmit a sequence of ELR-ID 720-a via a first set of frequency modulations of the first symbol, a sequence of ELR-ID 720-b via a second set of frequency modulations of the second symbol, and a sequence of ELR-ID 720-c via a third set of frequency modulations of the third symbol. In such implementations, ELR-ID 720-c may be a repetition of ELR-ID 720-a. That is, wireless device 702-a may set the sequence of ELR-ID 720-c to be equal to the sequence of ELR-ID 720-a, and transmit ELR-ID 720-c via the same frequency modulation as the first set of frequency modulations, according to the same modulation scheme used for the first symbol, or both.

[0162] Figure 8 An example of a process flow illustrating the transmission of a PPDU comprising a first part and a second part is shown, wherein the second part includes one or more ELR-IDs indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. Aspects of process flow 800 can be implemented as referenced herein. Figure 1 – Figure 7The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, PPDU 301, PPDU 303, PPDU 305, signaling diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, signaling diagram 600, and signaling diagram 700 are aspects of, or can be implemented by, these aspects. For example, process flow 800 may include wireless devices 802-a and 802-b, which may be references Figure 4 – Figure 7 An example of the described wireless device. The techniques described in the context of process flow 800 enable wireless device 802-a to send an ELR signature field via a PPDU, allowing wireless device 802-b to identify the PPDU as associated with ELR communication.

[0163] At 804, wireless device 802-a can transmit the first part of the preamble of the PPDU. For example, wireless device 802-a can transmit the first part of the preamble, wherein the first part of the preamble includes as referenced herein. Figure 5 The L-STF field, L-LTF field, and L-SIG field are described. In some specific implementations, the wireless device 802-a may transmit the first part of the preamble, wherein the first part of the preamble includes, as referenced herein... Figure 6 The L-STF field, L-LTF field, L-SIG field, and RL-SIG are described. In some other specific implementations, the wireless device 802-a may transmit the first part of the preamble, wherein the first part includes as referenced herein. Figure 7 The described L-STF field, L-LTF field, L-SIG field, RL-SIG, and one or more U-SIG fields.

[0164] At 806, in response to transmitting the first portion of the preamble, wireless device 802-a may transmit a second portion, wherein the second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field (such as ELR-ID1) indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication (such as intended for ELR communication). In some specific implementations, wireless device 802-a may transmit the first ELR signature field following the L-SIG in the first portion of the preamble, such that wireless device 802-b receives the L-SIG before receiving the first ELR signature field, as referenced herein. Figure 5 As described herein. In some other specific implementations, wireless device 802-a may send a first ELR signature field following the RL-SIG in the first part of the preamble, such that wireless device 802-b receives the RL-SIG before receiving the first ELR signature field, as referenced herein. Figure 6As described herein. In some other specific implementations, wireless device 802-a may send a first ELR signature field following one or more U-SIGs after the first part of the preamble, such that wireless device 802-b receives one or more U-SIGs before receiving the first ELR signature field, as referenced herein. Figure 7 As described herein. In some specific implementations, the wireless device 802-a may send one or more additional ELR signature fields, such as a second ELR signature field or a third ELR signature field, as referenced herein. Figure 4 – Figure 7 As described.

[0165] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device 802-a may optionally or otherwise identify the sequence (such as a bit set) of the first ELR signature field. For example, the wireless device 802-a may set the sequence of the first ELR signature field as a partial inverse (such as the reverse) of the sequence of the L-SIG field. In some specific implementations, the wireless device 802-a may indicate a BSS ID (such as a BSS color) associated with ELR communication via the first ELR signature field. The wireless device 802-a may set the sequence of the first ELR signature field as a sequence of L-LTF equivalent to the first part of the preamble, including a sequence associated with the U-SIG field having a PHY version number associated with ELR communication, a PAPR minimization based on the first symbol used to carry the ELR signature in the time domain, or a combination of each of the above.

[0166] At 808, wireless device 802-b may transmit the ELR modulation portion of the PPDU, such as ELR modulation portion 422, which may include zero or one or more ELR-STFs, zero or one or more ELR-LTFs, one or more ELR-SIGs, ELR data, or combinations of such fields. At 810, in response to receiving a second portion of the preamble of the PPDU, wireless device 802-b may identify that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication (e.g., intended for ELR communication) based on a first sequence of the first ELR signature field included in the preamble of the ELR PPDU. Therefore, wireless device 802-b can decode the data associated with the ELR PPDU and obtain the data based on the identification.

[0167] Figure 9 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device 920 is shown, which supports an ELR PPDU design by implementing one or more components within the wireless communication device. In some examples, the wireless communication device 920 is configured to perform reference... Figure 11The process described is 1100. Wireless communication device 920 may include one or more chips, SoCs, chipsets, packages, components, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system may interface with other components of wireless communication device 920 and typically processes information (such as inputs or signals) received from and outputs information (such as outputs or signals) to such other components. In some aspects, an example chip may include a processing system, a first interface for outputting or transmitting information, and a second interface for receiving or acquiring information. For example, the first interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a transmitting component, allowing wireless communication device 920 to transmit information output from the chip. In such examples, the second interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a receiving component, allowing wireless communication device 920 to receive information, which is then passed to the processing system. In some such examples, the first interface may also, for example, acquire information from the transmitting component, and the second interface may also, for example, output information to the receiving component.

[0168] The processing system of the wireless communication device 920 includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), neural processing unit (NPU) (also referred to as a neural network processor or deep learning processor (DLP)) or digital signal processor (DSP)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein. The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or ROM or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “memory” or collectively as “memory” or “memory circuitry”). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors and may store processor-executable code, individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors, configures one or more processors to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without software configuration. The processing system may also include or be coupled to one or more modems (such as Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modems or cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modems). In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems. The processing system may also include or be coupled to multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers.

[0169] In some embodiments, one or more of a plurality of memories may be configured to store processor-executable code, which, when executed, may configure one or more of the plurality of processors to perform the various functions described herein (as part of a processing system). In some other embodiments, the processing system may be pre-configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0170] In some examples, the wireless communication device 920 may be configured to be used for, or be configured to be used for, in an AP such as a reference. Figure 1 The described AP 102 is used. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 920 may be an AP that includes such a processing system as well as other components including multiple antennas. The wireless communication device 920 is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communications, for example, in the form of wireless packets. For example, the wireless communication device 920 may be configured to transmit and receive packets in the form of physical layer PPDUs and MPDUs conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 series of wireless communication protocol standards. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 920 may be configured to transmit and receive signals and communications conforming to one or more 3GPP specifications, including those for 5G NR or 6G. In some examples, the wireless communication device 920 also includes one or more application processors or may be coupled to one or more application processors, which may also be coupled to one or more other memories. In some examples, the wireless communication device 920 also includes at least one external network interface coupled to the processing system, which enables communication with a core network or backhaul network that allows the wireless communication device 920 to access external networks, including the Internet.

[0171] Wireless communication device 920 includes a PPDU preamble component 922 and an ELR signature component 924. A portion of one or more of the PPDU preamble component 922 and the ELR signature component 924 may be implemented at least partially in hardware or firmware. For example, one or more of the PPDU preamble component 922 and the ELR signature component 924 may be implemented at least partially by at least a processor or a modem. In some examples, a portion of one or more of the PPDU preamble component 922 and the ELR signature component 924 may be implemented at least partially by a processor and software in the form of processor-executable code stored in memory.

[0172] According to the examples disclosed herein, wireless communication device 920 may support wireless communication. PPDU preamble component 922 may be configured or configured to transmit a preamble for a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field. ELR signature component 924 may be configured or configured to include in a second portion of the preamble at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, the first ELR signature field carrying at least a first set of frequency moduli of a first sequence recognized by a second wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein the at least L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0173] In some examples, the ELR signature component 924 may be configured or configured to include a second ELR signature field in the second part of the preamble, the second ELR signature field carrying a second set of multiple frequency moduli of a second sequence recognized by a second wireless device and occupying the second part of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second part of the preamble.

[0174] In some examples, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the second sequence of the second ELR signature field.

[0175] In some examples, the second sequence of the second ELR signature field is different from the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0176] In some examples, the second set of multiple frequency tunes differs from the first set of multiple frequency tunes.

[0177] In some examples, the second set of multiple frequency tunes is the same as the first set of multiple frequency tunes.

[0178] In some examples, a first ELR signature field is sent according to a first modulation scheme, and a second ELR signature field is sent according to a second modulation scheme.

[0179] In some examples, the first ELR signature field and the second ELR signature field are sent according to the same modulation scheme.

[0180] In some examples, the ELR signature component 924 may be configured or configured to include a third ELR signature field in the second part of the preamble, the third ELR signature field carrying a third sequence recognized by the second wireless device and occupying a third set of multiple frequency moduli of the third symbols in the second part of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second part of the preamble.

[0181] In some examples, the third sequence of the third ELR signature field is a repetition of the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0182] In some examples, the first ELR signature field occupies a subset of the first set of multiple frequency moduli.

[0183] In some examples, the first part of the PPDU preamble also includes an RL-SIG field, and the RL-SIG field of the first part of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0184] In some examples, the first part of the PPDU preamble includes one or more U-SIG fields, and the one or more U-SIG fields of the first part of the preamble precede the first ELR signature field.

[0185] In some examples, a first sequence of the first ELR signature field is transmitted according to a modulation scheme based on BPSK modulation associated with phase rotation.

[0186] In some examples, the modulation scheme includes one of the following: BPSK modulation scheme, QBSK modulation scheme, inverse BPSK modulation scheme, a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes, and a combination of BPSK and inverse BPSK modulation schemes.

[0187] In some examples, the first ELR signature field is partially reversed with the L-SIG field.

[0188] In some examples, the first ELR signature field further indicates the basic service set identifier associated with the ELR communication.

[0189] In some examples, the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the L-LTF included in the first part of the PPDU preamble.

[0190] In some examples, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field includes a sequence associated with the U-SIG field, which has a physical version number associated with ELR communication.

[0191] In some examples, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is selected based on the PAPR associated with the ELR communication.

[0192] In some examples, the channel estimation improvement of the channel between the wireless device and the second wireless device is measured based on a first set of multiple frequency moduli used to transmit the first symbol of the first ELR signature field.

[0193] Figure 10 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device 1020 is shown, which supports an ELR PPDU design by implementing one or more components within the wireless communication device. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1020 is configured to perform reference... Figure 12 The process 1200 is described. Wireless communication device 1020 may include one or more chips, SoCs, chipsets, packages, components, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system may interface with other components of wireless communication device 1020 and typically processes information (such as inputs or signals) received from and outputs information (such as outputs or signals) to such other components. In some aspects, an example chip may include a processing system, a first interface for outputting or transmitting information, and a second interface for receiving or acquiring information. For example, the first interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a transmitting component, allowing wireless communication device 1020 to transmit information output from the chip. In such examples, the second interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a receiving component, allowing wireless communication device 1020 to receive information, which is then passed to the processing system. In some such examples, the first interface may also, for example, acquire information from the transmitting component, and the second interface may also, for example, output information to the receiving component.

[0194] The processing system of the wireless communication device 1020 includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), neural processing unit (NPU) (also referred to as a neural network processor or deep learning processor (DLP)) or digital signal processor (DSP)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein. The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or ROM or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “memory” or collectively as “memory” or “memory circuitry”). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors and may store processor-executable code, individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors, configures one or more processors to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without software configuration. The processing system may also include or be coupled to one or more modems (such as Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modems or cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modems). In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems. The processing system may also include or be coupled to multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers.

[0195] In some embodiments, one or more of a plurality of memories may be configured to store processor-executable code, which, when executed, may configure one or more of the plurality of processors to perform the various functions described herein (as part of a processing system). In some other embodiments, the processing system may be pre-configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0196] In some examples, the wireless communication device 1020 can be configured for or be configured for use in STA (such as reference) Figure 1 The described STA 104) is used. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 1020 may be an STA that includes such a processing system and other components including multiple antennas. The wireless communication device 1020 is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communications, for example, in the form of wireless packets. For example, the wireless communication device 1020 may be configured to transmit and receive packets in the form of physical layer PPDUs and MPDUs conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 series of wireless communication protocol standards. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 1020 may be configured to transmit and receive signals and communications conforming to one or more 3GPP specifications, including those for 5G NR or 6G. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1020 also includes one or more application processors or may be coupled to one or more application processors, which may also be coupled to one or more other memories. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1020 also includes a user interface (UI) (such as a touchscreen or keypad) and a display that may be integrated with the UI to form a touchscreen display coupled to the processing system. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1020 may also include one or more sensors, such as one or more inertial sensors, accelerometers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or altitude sensors coupled to the processing system.

[0197] Wireless communication device 1020 includes a PPDU preamble component 1022 and an ELR signature component 1024. A portion of one or more of the PPDU preamble component 1022 and the ELR signature component 1024 can be implemented at least partially in hardware or firmware. For example, one or more of the PPDU preamble component 1022 and the ELR signature component 1024 can be implemented at least partially by at least a processor or a modem. In some examples, a portion of one or more of the PPDU preamble component 1022 and the ELR signature component 1024 can be implemented at least partially by a processor and software in the form of processor-executable code stored in memory.

[0198] According to the examples disclosed herein, wireless communication device 1020 may support wireless communication. PPDU preamble component 1022 may be configured or configured to receive a preamble for a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field. ELR signature component 1024 may be configured or configured to include in a second portion of the preamble at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, the first ELR signature field carrying at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of at least a first sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol in the second portion of the preamble, wherein the at least L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0199] In some examples, the ELR signature component 1024 may be configured or configured to include a second ELR signature field in the second part of the preamble, the second ELR signature field carrying a second sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupying a second set of multiple frequency moduli of the second symbols in the second part of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second part of the preamble.

[0200] In some examples, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the second sequence of the second ELR signature field.

[0201] In some examples, the second sequence of the second ELR signature field is different from the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0202] In some examples, the second set of multiple frequency tunes differs from the first set of multiple frequency tunes.

[0203] In some examples, the second set of multiple frequency tunes is the same as the first set of multiple frequency tunes.

[0204] In some examples, a first ELR signature field is received according to a first modulation scheme, and a second ELR signature field is received according to a second modulation scheme.

[0205] In some examples, the first ELR signature field and the second ELR signature field are received according to the same modulation scheme.

[0206] In some examples, the ELR signature component 1024 may be configured or configured to include a third ELR signature field in the second part of the preamble, the third ELR signature field carrying a third sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupying a third set of multiple frequency moduli of the third symbols in the second part of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second part of the preamble.

[0207] In some examples, the third sequence of the third ELR signature field is a repetition of the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0208] In some examples, the first ELR signature field of the ELR signature component 1024 occupies a subset of the first set of multiple frequency moduli.

[0209] In some examples, the first part of the PPDU preamble also includes an RL-SIG field, and the RL-SIG field of the first part of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0210] In some examples, the first part of the PPDU preamble includes one or more U-SIG fields, and the one or more U-SIG fields of the first part of the preamble precede the first ELR signature field.

[0211] In some examples, the first ELR signature field is received according to a modulation scheme based on a BPSK modulation scheme with phase rotation.

[0212] In some examples, the modulation scheme includes one of the following: BPSK modulation scheme, QBSK modulation scheme, inverse BPSK modulation scheme, a combination of BPSK and QBPSK modulation schemes, and a combination of BPSK and inverse BPSK modulation schemes.

[0213] In some examples, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is partially reversed with the L-SIG field.

[0214] In some examples, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field further indicates the basic service set identifier associated with the ELR communication.

[0215] In some examples, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the old-style long training field (LTF) included in the first part of the PPDU preamble.

[0216] In some examples, the first sequence of the first ELR signature field includes a sequence associated with the U-SIG field, which has a physical version number associated with ELR communication.

[0217] In some examples, the first ELR signature field is selected based on the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with ELR communication.

[0218] In some examples, the ELR signature component 1024 may be configured or be configured to perform channel estimation boosting of the channel between a wireless device and a second wireless device using a first set of multiple frequency moduli of the first symbol.

[0219] Figure 11A flowchart illustrating an example process 1100 that can be executed by or at a wireless device supporting an ELR PPDU design by implementing one or more components within the wireless communication device is shown. Operation of process 1100 can be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, process 1100 can be implemented by a wireless communication device (such as reference 1100) operating as or within a wireless AP. Figure 9 The described wireless communication device 900) performs this process. In some examples, process 1100 may be performed by a wireless AP (such as reference 900). Figure 1 The AP described in AP 102 is executed.

[0220] In some examples, in 1102, the wireless device may transmit a preamble for the PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. This first ELR signature field carries at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of symbols of a first sequence recognized by a second wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein the at least L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field. Operation of 1102 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of 1102 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The PPDU preamble component 922 is described to perform this.

[0221] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating an example process 1200 that can be executed by or at a wireless device supporting an ELR PPDU design is shown. The operation of process 1200 can be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, process 1200 can be implemented by a wireless communication device (such as reference 1200) operating as a wireless STA or within a wireless AP. Figure 10 The described wireless communication device 1000 may perform this process. In some examples, process 1200 may be performed by a wireless STA (such as reference STA). Figure 1 The STA described in STA 104 is executed.

[0222] In some examples, in 1202, the wireless device can receive a preamble for the PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication. This first ELR signature field carries at least a first set of frequency moduli of a plurality of symbols of a first sequence recognized by a second wireless device and occupying at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein the at least L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field. Operation of 1202 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of 1202 can be derived from references... Figure 10 The PPDU preamble component 1022 described herein is used for execution.

[0223] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses: Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: transmitting a preamble for a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, the first ELR signature field carrying a first sequence identified by a second wireless device and occupying at least a first plurality of frequency modulations of at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein the at least L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0224] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, the second portion of the preamble further includes a second ELR signature field, the second ELR signature field carrying a second sequence identified by the second wireless device and occupying a second plurality of frequency modulations of the second symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

[0225] Aspect 3: According to the method of aspect 2, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the second sequence of the second ELR signature field.

[0226] Aspect 4: According to the method of aspect 2, wherein the second sequence of the second ELR signature field is different from the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0227] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 4, wherein the second plurality of frequency modulations are different from the first plurality of frequency modulations.

[0228] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 4, wherein the second plurality of frequency modulations is the same as the first plurality of frequency modulations.

[0229] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 6, wherein the first ELR signature field is transmitted according to a first modulation scheme, and the second ELR signature field is transmitted according to a second modulation scheme.

[0230] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 6, wherein the first ELR signature field and the second ELR signature field are transmitted according to the same modulation scheme.

[0231] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 8, wherein the second portion of the preamble further includes a third ELR signature field, the third ELR signature field carrying a third sequence identified by the second wireless device and occupying a third plurality of frequency modulations of the third symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

[0232] Aspect 10: According to the method of aspect 9, wherein the third sequence of the third ELR signature field is a repetition of the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0233] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the first ELR signature field occupies a subset of the first plurality of frequency modulations.

[0234] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU further includes an RL-SIG field, and the RL-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0235] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU includes one or more U-SIG fields, and the one or more U-SIG fields of the first portion of the preamble precede the first ELR signature field.

[0236] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is transmitted according to a modulation scheme based on BPSK modulation associated with phase rotation.

[0237] Aspect 15: According to the method of aspect 14, the modulation scheme includes one of the following: the BPSK modulation scheme, the QBPSK modulation scheme, the reverse BPSK modulation scheme, a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the QBPSK modulation scheme, and a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the reverse BPSK modulation scheme.

[0238] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein the first ELR signature field is partially reversed from the L-SIG field.

[0239] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein the first ELR signature field further indicates a basic service set identifier associated with the ELR communication.

[0240] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the L-LTF field included in the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU.

[0241] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field includes a sequence associated with a U-SIG field having a physical version number associated with the ELR communication.

[0242] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 19, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is selected according to the PAPR associated with the ELR communication.

[0243] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 20, wherein a channel estimate of the channel between the first wireless device and the second wireless device is measured based on the first plurality of frequency modulations of the first symbol used to transmit the first ELR signature field.

[0244] Aspect 22: A method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: receiving a preamble of a PPDU, wherein a first portion of the preamble includes at least an L-SIG field, and wherein a second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with ELR communication, the first ELR signature field carrying a first sequence identified by the wireless device and occupying at least a first plurality of frequency modulations of at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein the at least L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0245] Aspect 23: According to the method of aspect 22, the second portion of the preamble includes a second ELR signature field, the second ELR signature field carrying a second sequence identified by the wireless device and occupying a second plurality of frequency modulations of the second symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

[0246] Aspect 24: According to the method of aspect 23, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the second sequence of the second ELR signature field.

[0247] Aspect 25: The method according to aspect 23, wherein the second sequence of the second ELR signature field is different from the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0248] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 23 to 25, wherein the second plurality of frequency modulations are different from the first plurality of frequency modulations.

[0249] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of aspects 23 to 25, wherein the second plurality of frequency modulations is the same as the first plurality of frequency modulations.

[0250] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of Aspects 23 to 27, wherein the first ELR signature field is received according to a first modulation scheme, and the second ELR signature field is received according to a second modulation scheme.

[0251] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of Aspects 23 to 27, wherein the first ELR signature field and the second ELR signature field are received according to the same modulation scheme.

[0252] Aspect 30: The method according to any one of Aspects 23 to 29, wherein the second portion of the preamble includes a third ELR signature field, the third ELR signature field carrying a third sequence identified by the wireless device and occupying a third plurality of frequency modulations of the third symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

[0253] Aspect 31: According to the method of aspect 30, wherein the third sequence of the third ELR signature field is a repetition of the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

[0254] Aspect 32: The method according to any one of aspects 22 to 31, wherein the first ELR signature field occupies a subset of the first plurality of frequency modulations.

[0255] Aspect 33: The method according to any one of Aspects 22 to 32, wherein the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU further includes an RL-SIG field, and the RL-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

[0256] Aspect 34: The method according to any one of Aspects 22 to 32, wherein the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU includes one or more U-SIG fields, and the one or more U-SIG fields of the first portion of the preamble precede the first ELR signature field.

[0257] Aspect 35: The method according to any one of Aspects 22 to 34, wherein the first ELR signature field is received according to a modulation scheme based on a BPSK modulation scheme with phase rotation.

[0258] Aspect 36: According to the method of aspect 35, the modulation scheme includes one of the following: the BPSK modulation scheme, the QBPSK modulation scheme, the inverse BPSK modulation scheme, a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the QBPSK modulation scheme, and a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the inverse BPSK modulation scheme.

[0259] Aspect 37: The method according to any one of Aspects 22 to 36, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is partially reversed with respect to the L-SIG field.

[0260] Aspect 38: The method according to any one of Aspects 22 to 36, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field further indicates a basic service set identifier associated with the ELR communication.

[0261] Aspect 39: The method according to any one of Aspects 22 to 36, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the old-style long training field (LTF) included in the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU.

[0262] Aspect 40: The method according to any one of Aspects 22 to 36, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field includes a sequence associated with a U-SIG field having a physical version number associated with the ELR communication.

[0263] Aspect 41: The method according to any one of Aspects 22 to 40, wherein the first ELR signature field is selected according to the PAPR associated with the ELR communication.

[0264] Aspect 42: The method according to any one of aspects 22 to 41, the method further comprising: performing channel estimation of the channel between the wireless device and the second wireless device using the first plurality of frequency modulations of the first symbol.

[0265] Aspect 43: A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 21.

[0266] Aspect 44: A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 21.

[0267] Aspect 45: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 21.

[0268] Aspect 46: A wireless device for wireless communication, the wireless device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the wireless device to perform a method according to any one of aspects 22 to 42.

[0269] Aspect 47: A wireless device for wireless communication, the wireless device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 22 to 42.

[0270] Aspect 48: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of aspects 22 to 42.

[0271] As used herein, the term "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, estimation, investigation, searching (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), reasoning, probing, or measurement, among other possibilities. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory), or sending (such as sending information), among other possibilities. Additionally, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, obtaining, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0272] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” or “one or more of” refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. For example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc. As used herein, “or” is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense unless otherwise expressly indicated. For example, “a or b” may include only a, only b, or a combination of a and b. Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase referring to “a” element means one or more of such elements that act individually or collectively to perform the stated function. Additionally, “set” means one or more items, and “subset” means less than the entire set, but not empty.

[0273] As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated, “based on” is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense. For example, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, “based on” may be used interchangeably with “at least partially based on,” “associated with,” “associated with,” or “according to.” Specifically, unless the phrase in the context means “based on only one” or an equivalent, whether it is “based on ’one’” or “at least partially based on ’one’”, it may be based solely on “one” or based on a combination of “one” and one or more other factors, conditions, or information. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” should be interpreted in the same way as the phrases “at least partially based on,” “associated with,” or “according to,” unless otherwise expressly indicated. Specifically, unless the phrase in the context means “based solely on ’one’” or an equivalent, whether it is “based on ’one’” or “at least partially based on ’one’”, it may be based solely on “one” or based on a combination of “one” and one or more other factors, conditions, or information.

[0274] The various exemplary components, logic units, logic blocks, modules, circuits, operations, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the examples disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or a combination of hardware, firmware, or software, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents. This interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software has been generally described in terms of its functionality and exemplified in the various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether this functionality is implemented in hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0275] Various modifications to the examples described in this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the examples shown herein, but are to be granted the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles disclosed herein, and the novel features.

[0276] Additionally, the various features described in this specification in the context of individual examples may also be implemented in combination in a single specific embodiment. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single specific embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple examples. Thus, although features may be described above as functioning in a particular combination, and even initially claimed in this way, one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from the combination in some cases, and the claimed combination may involve sub-combinations or variations of sub-combinations.

[0277] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a specific order in the diagrams, this should not be construed as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in sequential order, or to perform all illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the accompanying figures may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of flowcharts or flow diagrams. However, other operations not depicted may be incorporated into the schematically illustrated example processes. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the examples described above should not be construed as requiring such separation in all examples, but rather should be understood as meaning that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or encapsulated in multiple software products.

Claims

1. A first wireless device, the first wireless device comprising: The processing system, including processor circuitry and memory circuitry for storing code, is configured to cause the first wireless device to: A preamble for transmitting a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), wherein the first part of the preamble includes at least an Old Style Signal (L-SIG) field; The second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with extended long-range (ELR) communication. The first ELR signature field carries a first sequence recognized by a second wireless device and occupies at least a first plurality of frequency modulations of at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble. The first portion of the preamble includes at least the L-SIG field preceding the first ELR signature field.

2. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the preamble further includes a second ELR signature field, the second ELR signature field carrying a second sequence identified by the second wireless device and occupying a second plurality of frequency modulations of the second symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

3. The first wireless device according to claim 2, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the second sequence of the second ELR signature field.

4. The first wireless device according to claim 2, wherein the second sequence of the second ELR signature field is different from the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

5. The first wireless device according to claim 2, wherein the second plurality of frequency modulations are different from the first plurality of frequency modulations.

6. The first wireless device according to claim 2, wherein the second plurality of frequency modulations are the same as the first plurality of frequency modulations.

7. The first wireless device according to claim 2, wherein the first ELR signature field is transmitted according to a first modulation scheme, and the second ELR signature field is transmitted according to a second modulation scheme.

8. The first wireless device according to claim 2, wherein the first ELR signature field and the second ELR signature field are transmitted according to the same modulation scheme.

9. The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the second portion of the preamble further includes a third ELR signature field, the third ELR signature field carrying a third sequence identified by the second wireless device and occupying a third plurality of frequency modulations of the third symbol of the second portion of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

10. The first wireless device of claim 9, wherein the third sequence of the third ELR signature field is a repetition of the first sequence of the first ELR signature field.

11. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first ELR signature field occupies a subset of the first plurality of frequency modulations.

12. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU further includes a Repeat Old Style Signal (RL-SIG) field, and the RL-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

13. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU includes one or more Universal Signal (U-SIG) fields, and the one or more U-SIG fields of the first portion of the preamble precede the first ELR signature field.

14. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is transmitted according to a modulation scheme based on binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation associated with phase rotation.

15. The first wireless device of claim 14, wherein the modulation scheme comprises one of the following: the BPSK modulation scheme, the quadrature BPSK (QBPSK) modulation scheme, the inverse BPSK modulation scheme, a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the QBPSK modulation scheme, and a combination of the BPSK modulation scheme and the inverse BPSK modulation scheme.

16. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first ELR signature field is partially reversed from the L-SIG field.

17. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first ELR signature field further indicates a basic service set identifier associated with the ELR communication.

18. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first ELR signature field is equivalent to the legacy long training field (L-LTF) included in the first portion of the preamble of the PPDU.

19. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field includes a sequence associated with a Universal Signal (U-SIG) field having a physical version number associated with the ELR communication.

20. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first sequence of the first ELR signature field is selected based on the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with the ELR communication.

21. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein a channel estimate of the channel between the first wireless device and the second wireless device is measured based on the first plurality of frequency modulations of the first symbol used to transmit the first ELR signature field.

22. A wireless device, the wireless device comprising: A processing system, comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry for storing code, is configured to enable the wireless device to: The preamble of the received physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) is provided, wherein the first part of the preamble includes at least an old-style signal (L-SIG) field; The second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with extended long-range (ELR) communication. The first ELR signature field carries a first sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupies at least a first plurality of frequency modulations of at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

23. The wireless device of claim 22, wherein the second portion of the preamble further includes a second ELR signature field, the second ELR signature field carrying a second sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupying a second plurality of frequency modulations of the second symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

24. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second portion of the preamble further includes a third ELR signature field, the third ELR signature field carrying a third sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupying a third plurality of frequency modulations of the third symbol of the second portion of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

25. A method for performing wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: A preamble for transmitting a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), wherein the first part of the preamble includes at least an Old Style Signal (L-SIG) field; The second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with extended long-range (ELR) communication. The first ELR signature field carries a first sequence recognized by a second wireless device and occupies at least a first plurality of frequency modulations of at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble. The first portion of the preamble includes at least the L-SIG field preceding the first ELR signature field.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the second portion of the preamble further includes a second ELR signature field, the second ELR signature field carrying a second sequence identified by the second wireless device and occupying a second plurality of frequency modulations of the second symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the second portion of the preamble further includes a third ELR signature field, the third ELR signature field carrying a third sequence identified by the second wireless device and occupying a third plurality of frequency modulations of the third symbol of the second portion of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

28. A method for conducting wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: The preamble of the received physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) is provided, wherein the first part of the preamble includes at least an old-style signal (L-SIG) field; The second portion of the preamble includes at least a first ELR signature field indicating that the PPDU is associated with extended long-range (ELR) communication. The first ELR signature field carries a first sequence recognized by the wireless device and occupies at least a first plurality of frequency modulations of at least a first symbol of the second portion of the preamble, wherein at least the L-SIG field of the first portion of the preamble precedes the first ELR signature field.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the second portion of the preamble includes a second ELR signature field carrying a second sequence identified by the wireless device and occupying a second plurality of frequency modulations of the second symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the first ELR signature field preceding the second ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the second portion of the preamble includes a third ELR signature field carrying a third sequence identified by the wireless device and occupying a third plurality of frequency modulations of the third symbols of the second portion of the preamble, the second ELR signature field preceding the third ELR signature field in the second portion of the preamble.

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