Narrowband-based communication method and device

Abstract

A method for performing wireless communication and an apparatus supporting the method are provided. The apparatus can acquire configuration information related to subcarrier spacing, initiate a random access procedure, and send a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether it is permissible to omit the transmission of a first message and the reception of a second message during the random access procedure can be determined based on the subcarrier spacing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] 5G NR is the successor to LTE and a new type of mobile communication system with features such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to achieve goals such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced power consumption of battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) networked intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision for 6G systems can include four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 1 below. In other words, Table 1 shows the requirements for 6G systems.

[0004] [Table 1] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical solution

[0006] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a method can be provided. For example, the method may include: obtaining configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; initiating a random access procedure; and sending a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether to allow the omission of sending a first message and receiving a second message during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0007] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, an apparatus can be provided. For example, the apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the apparatus to perform operations including: obtaining configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; initiating a random access procedure; and transmitting a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether the transmission of a first message and the reception of a second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0008] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for a control device can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the apparatus to perform operations including: obtaining configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; initiating a random access procedure; and sending a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether the sending of a first message and the receiving of a second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0009] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a device to perform operations including: obtaining configuration information related to the subcarrier spacing; initiating a random access procedure; and sending a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether the sending of the first message and the receiving of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 The communication process between devices based on embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0011] Figure 2 A radio protocol architecture based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0012] Figure 3 The structure of a radio frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0013] Figure 4 The time slot structure of a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0014] Figure 5 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 6 This illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 7 An example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown.

[0017] Figure 8 An uplink resource grid for narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 9 An example of an OCC pattern applied to NPUSCH based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0019] Figure 10 A method for performing wireless communication using an apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 11 A method for a base station to perform wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 12 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 13 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 14 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 15 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 16 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 17 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle shown is based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In this disclosure, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0028] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0029] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0030] Additionally, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0031] Additionally, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "control message". In other words, "control message" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be cited as an example of "control message". Specifically, when indicated as "control message (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "control message".

[0032] In the following description, "when, if, or in the case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0033] The technical features described in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0034] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be parameters configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, a base station or network can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0035] In this disclosure, the term "configured or defined" can be interpreted as pre-configuring or configuring a device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, downlink control information (DCI), etc.) from a base station or network. In this disclosure, the term "configured or defined" can also be interpreted as pre-configuring or configuring a device via predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, sidelink control information (SCI), control information signaled between devices, etc.) from another device. In this disclosure, the term "configured or defined" can be interpreted as pre-configuring a device.

[0036] In this disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In this disclosure, base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmit / receive point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0037] The technologies described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and 5G NR.

[0038] The technologies proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technologies and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0039] Figure 1 The communication process between devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 1 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 In step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a UE and / or at least one of the devices proposed in this disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, network, RAN node, NTN node / cell, TRP, UE, and / or at least one of the devices proposed in this disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted based on rules predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include multiple synchronization signals based on structure or purpose classification (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.). In this way, the first device can check the boundaries of the frames, subframes, time units, time slots, and / or symbols of the second device, and the first device can obtain information for the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0041] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information sent by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to access the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be categorized based on content (e.g., whether it is inherently necessary for access), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is based on on-demand provision), etc. For example, the system information may be categorized into Main Information Blocks (MIBs) and System Information Blocks (SIBs). For example, the first device may send a signal requesting system information before receiving it, as needed. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after the random access procedure described later.

[0042] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can send and / or receive at least one message (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, supported preamble structure, etc.). For example, the first device can send a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), and the first device can send a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0043] In step S107, the first and second devices can execute signaling for control information. Here, for example, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as layers controlling connections (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer), layers handling mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., Medium Access Control (MAC) layer), layers handling physical channels (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer), and so on. For example, the first and second devices can execute at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining communication-related configurations, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information can be signaled / sent via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel can be used for scheduling data, data channels (e.g., shared channels), and / or control information on data channels.

[0044] In step S109, the first and second devices can transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first and second devices can process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive data. For example, when transmitting data, the first or second device can perform at least one of channel coding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first or second device can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0045] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified as Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), Layer 3 (L3), and so on. For instance, the physical layer, belonging to Layer 1, can provide information transmission services using physical channels, and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, can perform the function of controlling radio resources between the first and second devices. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first and second devices.

[0046] Figure 2 A radio protocol architecture based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 2 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. For example, Figure 2 (a) may show the radio protocol stack for the user plane used for uplink or downlink communication, and Figure 2 (b) may show the radio protocol stack for the control plane used for uplink or downlink communication. For example, Figure 2 (c) can illustrate the radio protocol stack for the user plane used for inter-device communication, and Figure 2 (d) can show the radio protocol stack of the control plane used for inter-device communication.

[0047] For example, the physical layer can use physical channels to provide information transmission services to higher layers. For example, the physical layer can connect to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, which is a higher layer, via a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer via a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified based on how and what characteristics are used to transmit data through the radio interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers (i.e., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device) via physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be used as radio resources.

[0048] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the higher-level Radio Link Control (RLC) layer via logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functionality from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functionality by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0049] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

[0050] For example, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer can be defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer can be used to control logical, transport, and physical channels related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB can refer to a logical path provided by first (e.g., the physical layer) and second layers (e.g., the MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, etc.) for data delivery between a first device and a second device.

[0051] For example, the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and encryption. Similarly, the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0052] For example, RB configuration can refer to the process of specifying radio protocol layers and channel attributes to provide a specific service and configuring each specific parameter and operating method. For instance, RBs can be divided into two types: Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs). For example, an SRB can be used as a path for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0053] For example, the downlink transport channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or other control messages. For example, in the case of traffic or control messages in downlink multicast or broadcast services, they may be transmitted via the downlink SCH, or they may be transmitted via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, the uplink transport channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or other control messages. For example, the logical channel located above the transport channel and mapped to the transport channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0054] Figure 3 The structure of a radio frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 3 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0055] Reference Figure 3 For example, radio frames can be used for uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or inter-device transmission. For example, a radio frame can be 10 ms long and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a subframe can be determined based on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, based on the cyclic prefix (CP), each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols.

[0056] For example, when using normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols. For example, when using extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), and / or single-carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbols (or discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0057] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot based on SCS configuration (u) when using normal CP or extended CP. Number of time slots per frame ( ) and the number of time slots per subframe ( Examples of ).

[0058] [Table 2]

[0059] For example, OFDM(A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently across multiple cells aggregated to a single UE. Correspondingly, the (absolute time) duration of time resources (e.g., subframes, time slots, or transmission time intervals (TTIs)) configured with the same number of symbols can be configured differently across the aggregated cells. For example, in this disclosure, time resources such as subframes, time slots, TTIs, etc., can be referred to as time units.

[0060] For example, multiple parameter sets or SCSs can be supported to support various services. For instance, with an SCS of 15kHz, wide-area coverage in conventional cellular bands can be supported, while with an SCS of 30kHz / 60kHz, dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. For instance, with an SCS of 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0061] Figure 4 The time slot structure of a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 4 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0062] Reference Figure 4 For example, a time slot can include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier can include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) can be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth portion (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain and can correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier can include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication can be performed by activating BWPs. For example, each element in a resource grid can be called a resource element (RE), and a complex symbol can be mapped to each element.

[0063] For example, a BWP can be a set of consecutive PRBs in a given parameter set. For example, a PRB can be selected from a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (CRBs) in a given parameter set on a given carrier.

[0064] For example, a BWP can be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, a UE may not monitor downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the primary cell (PCell). For example, a UE may not receive the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), or Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) (except for Radio Resource Management (RRM)) other than the active DL BWP. For example, a UE may not trigger Channel State Information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, a UE may not transmit the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) other than the active UL BWP. For example, in the downlink case, the initial BWP can be given as a set of contiguous resource blocks (RBs) for the Residual Minimal System Information (RMSI) Control Resource Set (CORESET) (configured by the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)). For example, in the uplink case, the initial BWP can be given by a System Information Block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be configured by higher layers. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP. To save energy, if the UE does not detect downlink control information (DCI) for a certain period of time, the UE can switch its active BWP to the default BWP.

[0065] Figure 5 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Figure 5 In this implementation, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0066] Reference Figure 5 For example, a common resource block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other, and a PRB can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. For example, point A can indicate a common reference point of the resource block grid.

[0067] For example, BWP can be defined by point A and offset from point A. and bandwidth N size BWP This can be configured. For example, point A can be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier, where all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) are 0-aligned with subcarriers. For example, offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given parameter set and point A. For example, bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given parameter set.

[0068] Figure 6This illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 6 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0069] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), terahertz (THz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cellless communication, wireless information and power transfer (WIET), integrated sensing and communication, integrated access and backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analytics, and large-scale intelligent surfaces (LIS) can be adopted.

[0070] - Artificial Intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use numerous analyses to determine methods for performing complex target tasks. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming operations such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine interactions. Additionally, AI may enable instant communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0071] - Terahertz (THz) Communication: Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-TH communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves are referred to as submillimeter radiation, typically indicating a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. 6G cellular communication capacity increases when the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band. The defined THz band of 300GHz to 3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300GHz to 3THz band is part of the optical band, but it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately follows the RF band. Therefore, the 300GHz to 3THz band is similar to RF. Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2The implementation methods can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Key features of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth capable of supporting very high data rates; and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a greater number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0072] - Massive MIMO technology (MMIMO)

[0073] - Holographic Beamforming (HBF)

[0074] - Optical wireless technology

[0075] - Free Space Light (FSO) Backhaul Network

[0076] - Quantum communication

[0077] - Cellular communication

[0078] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0079] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0080] - Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0081] Big Data Analytics

[0082] -Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0083] - Metaverse

[0084] - Blockchain

[0085] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and Unmanned Aircraft (UAV).

[0086] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), a core element in establishing autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), etc.

[0087] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources installed on a satellite (or UAS platform). NTN services can be considered to ensure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services to areas where installing wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0088] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler that acquires information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. It uses radio frequency to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of objects.

[0089] - Configurable Smart Surfaces (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, an RIS can consist of a metasurface or many small antennas arranged on a surface, and each small antenna can actively adjust the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For example, an RIS can improve signal reception by adjusting the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of an RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for adjusting the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because an RIS can be reconfigured according to various environments, it can meet various communication requirements and can operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0090] Figure 7 An example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown. Figure 7 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0091] Reference Figure 7 NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) (HIBS) serving as International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and UEs capable of over-the-air communication (e.g., AAM). For example, for purposes such as coverage enhancement, devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and UEs capable of over-the-air communication (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with base stations, satellite networks, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a UE, another AAM, etc.

[0092] Figure 8 An uplink resource grid for narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 8 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0093] For example, physical channels (e.g., Narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel (NPUSCH), Narrowband Physical Random Access Channel (NPRACH)) or signals (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)) can be based on N ULsc Subcarriers and N UL symb One or more resource grids of SC-FDMA symbols are used for transmission. For example, the slot number within a radio frame can be represented as n. s Where for Δf = 15kHz, n s ∈{0, 1, ..., 19}, and for Δf = 3.75kHz, n s ∈{0, 1, ..., 4}. For example, with subcarrier N UL sc The calculated uplink bandwidth and time slot duration T slot It can be defined as shown in Table 3.

[0094] [Table 3]

[0095] For example, each element in the resource grid can be called a resource element and can be uniquely defined by an index pair (k, l) in a time slot. Here, k = 0, ..., N UL sc -1 and l = 0, ..., N UL symb -1 can be an index in the frequency domain and the time domain, respectively. For example, a resource element (k, l) can correspond to the complex value a. k,l .

[0096] For example, a resource unit can be used to describe the mapping from NPUSCH to resource elements. For example, a resource unit can be defined as N in the time domain. UL symb N UL slots N SC-FDMA symbols, and defined in the frequency domain as N RU sc N consecutive subcarriers. Here, for example, for frame structure type 1 and type 2, N RU sc and N UL symb The results can be given in Tables 4 and 5 respectively.

[0097] Table 4 shows N for frame structure type 1. RU sc N UL slots and N UL symb Examples of support for combinations.

[0098] [Table 4]

[0099] Table 5 shows N for frame structure type 2. RU sc N UL slots and N UL symb Examples of support for combinations.

[0100] [Table 5]

[0101] For example, NPUSCH format 1 can be used to carry UL-SCH, and NPUSCH format 2 can be used to carry uplink control information.

[0102] For example, each NPUSCH codeword can be mapped to one or more resource units N. RU And each resource unit can be sent M NPUSCH rep For example, the mapping to resource elements (k, l) corresponding to subcarriers assigned for transmission but not for transmitting reference signals can begin with the first time slot in the assigned resource unit, first index k, then index l in ascending order. For example, in mapping to N slots After one time slot, before continuing to map the complex-valued symbol block to subsequent time slots, the N slots Each time slot can be appended with repeating M. NPUSCH identical -1 times. Here, for example, M can be obtained based on Equation 1. NPUSCH identical and N slots .

[0103] [Formula 1]

[0104] Simultaneously, in next-generation systems, there is a need to increase the multiplexing capacity between NB-IoT UE transmissions, and this is particularly important in the case of IoT NTN systems. Additionally, it may be necessary to support code division multiplexing (CDM) between different NPUSCH DMRS using the same time / frequency resources.

[0105] Meanwhile, since phase continuity may not be maintained between UL segments, applying a single orthogonal overlay code (OCC) to different UL segments can significantly reduce orthogonality. Furthermore, due to UE transmission errors and SCS-dependent CP issues, directly transmitting MSG3 without a preamble may lead to inter-symbol interference. Additionally, in the case of symbol-level OCC, different OCC patterns are required due to the difference in the number of data symbols between time slots including and excluding DMRS.

[0106] Combinations of the various embodiments of this disclosure can be applied differently for single-tone transmission and multi-tone transmission. For example, in the case of single-tone transmission, one subcarrier (e.g., a 15 kHz subcarrier or a 3.75 kHz subcarrier) can be used. For example, in the case of multi-tone transmission, multiple subcarriers (e.g., 3, 6, or 12 subcarriers) can be used.

[0107] Combinations of various embodiments of this disclosure may be applied differently depending on the number of subcarriers allocated for transmission.

[0108] Combinations of various embodiments of this disclosure may be applied differently depending on the content transmitted by the NPUSCH (e.g., SIB1-NB, SIB, paging, random access procedure related information, or other data).

[0109] In embodiments of this disclosure, the multiplexing-related parameters for NPUSCH DMRS can be implicitly determined by the multiplexing-related parameters for NPUSCH data, and / or the determination in the opposite direction can be applied by extending the proposals of this disclosure.

[0110] Combinations of various embodiments of this disclosure may be applied differently depending on the type of satellite payload (e.g., regenerative or transparent payload).

[0111] Combinations of various embodiments of this disclosure can be applied differently for each type of non-terrestrial network node (e.g., geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), non-geostationary Earth orbit (NGEO), low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), high-altitude platform station (HASP), unmanned aerial vehicle) or high-altitude or fixed beam coverage area or cell mobile beam coverage area, etc.

[0112] Combinations of various embodiments of this disclosure may be applied differently depending on whether the NB-IoT UL transmission occurs in a pre-configured UL resource.

[0113] Meanwhile, for NPUSCH transmission, OCC in the time axis and / or frequency axis (e.g., subcarriers) can be applied to data symbols (excluding DMRS symbols).

[0114] For example, the units that apply OCC on the timeline can be configured / specified, and for each transport block (TB) and / or for each repetition (divided into N). rep (repetitions) or subsets thereof and / or for each resource unit (RU) (divided into N) RU (RU) or a subset thereof and / or for each cell (divided into N) to which the same complex value symbol is mapped in the NPUSCH mapping slots (Time slot groups) and / or applied repeatedly for each UL segment.

[0115] For example, N slots It can refer to the number of time slots included in a resource unit, N. RU This can refer to the number of resource units allocated for NPUSCH transmission, and N rep It can refer to the number of repetitions sent by NPUSCH.

[0116] For example, the OCC index or OCC sequence can jump between repetitions (e.g., changing based on a specific reception or pattern). For example, the jump can change based on the NB-IoT cell ID and / or Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) value, etc.

[0117] Meanwhile, even with different repetition values ​​and / or k0 (NPDCCH to NPUSCH timing) values ​​and / or N rep The NPUSCH values ​​also need to be aligned with the start / end of the OCC application position.

[0118] For example, since the value of k0 is already 2 N UL slots The value is in multiples of the value, so it can be assumed that there are no other NPUSCH transmissions starting in the middle of a specific RU of the NPUSCH.

[0119] For example, whether OCC is enabled or disabled and / or the OCC length and / or the start position of the applied OCC and / or the time domain and / or frequency domain of the applied OCC and / or the OCC sequence index can be configured by RRC in a cell-specific and / or UE-specific manner, and / or can be indicated by MAC CE, and / or can be indicated by DCI, and / or can be determined based on the resources of the NPDCCH in the DCI format used for scheduling NPUSCH (e.g., minimum or maximum NCCE or NREG or PRB or subcarrier NPDCCH candidate index, aggregation level, number of repetitions).

[0120] For example, if the OCC sequence application positions and sizes (based on NPUSCH allocation resources and / or start positions and / or UL segment and gap configurations, etc.) overlap differently between different NPUSCH transmissions, the UE may not expect all or part of the time and / or frequency resources of the NPUSCH transmissions to overlap.

[0121] For example, if the number of allocated subcarriers is at least 1, then NPUSCH format 1 can have 16 N for a RU. UL slots There are a total of 16 DMRS symbols and 96 data symbols. In this case, since only one subcarrier has been allocated, only the time axis OCC can be applied.

[0122] For example, if OCC is applied (repeatedly) within repetitions and / or subframes or time slots, it may require a different mapping structure than that of a legacy UE, and therefore may not be able to perform CDM with the legacy UE's NPUSCH format 1.

[0123] For example, a UE may not expect NPUSCH format 1 with OCC enabled / applied (with 1 allocated subcarrier) to share the same time / frequency resources as NPUSCH format 1 with OCC disabled / not applied.

[0124] For example, even when the number of allocated subcarriers is 1, when the UE maps the complex-valued symbol of NPUSCH to RE, N NPUSCH identical The value of N can be greater than 1. For example, N NPUSCH identical The value can be configured via RRC in a cell-specific and / or UE-specific manner, and / or indicated via MAC CE, and / or indicated in DCI. For example, in the case indicated in DCI, the value can be obtained from N. NPUSCH rep Derivation. That is, in the above case, even when the number of subcarriers allocated for NPUSCH is 1, it is possible to map a portion of complex-valued symbols for a specific number of time slots. This can then be repeatedly mapped with the value N. NPUSCH identical The same number of times, and the mapping of the remaining complex-valued symbols can continue from the next time slot.

[0125] For example, in the case of 3.75kHz SCS, when OCC is applied between time slots, the length of OCC can be 4 or its divisor value. For example, in the case of 3.75kHz SCS, when OCC is applied between subframes, the length of OCC can be 2. This is because, in the case of 3.75kHz SCS, the UE only applies OCC to the first group of N in the NPUSCH. slotsNPUSCH is transmitted only when a time slot spans at least two consecutive UL subframes that do not overlap with an invalid UL subframe.

[0126] For example, in the case of a 3.75kHz SCS, when an OCC is applied between symbols, the OCC length can be 2. This is based on the fact that the minimum number of consecutive data symbols divided by DMRS symbols in a time slot is 2. In the above case, an OCC of length 2 can be repeatedly applied in units of two data symbols.

[0127] For example, in the case of 3.75kHz SCS and / or 15kHz SCS, when OCC is applied between symbols, the length of the OCC can be 3. This is based on the fact that, in the case of 15kHz SCS, the minimum number of consecutive data symbols divided by the DMRS symbol in a time slot is 3. In the case of 3.75kHz SCS, an OCC of length 3 can be applied to three consecutive data symbols in the first part of the time slot, and an OCC of length 3 can be applied to one data symbol before and two data symbols in the second part of the time slot, respectively, before and after the DMRS symbol.

[0128] Meanwhile, in the case of NPUSCH transmission in non-terrestrial communication, after transmission and / or delay in a UL segment time unit with a length configured by RRC in a UE-specific manner, the gap of UE-specific RRC configuration can be considered for NPUSCH resource mapping, but actual transmission may not be performed.

[0129] For example, a gap can have the value of 1 symbol, 1 time slot, and / or 1 subframe.

[0130] For example, based on a full PRB allocation, the segment length can be the time length corresponding to 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 RUs, and in the case of a sub-PRB, for 6 SCs and 3 SCs, these values ​​can be obtained by dividing the above values ​​by 2 and 4, respectively.

[0131] For example, if the OCC application unit for a data symbol is per symbol (group), the UE may not expect the gap value to be 1 symbol, and / or may expect the gap value to be 1 slot and / or 1 subframe.

[0132] For example, if the OCC application unit for a data symbol is per slot (group), the UE may not expect the value of the gap to be 1 slot, and / or may expect the value of the gap to be 1 symbol and / or 1 subframe.

[0133] For example, if the OCC application unit for a data symbol is per subframe (group), the UE may not expect the gap value to be 1 subframe and / or 1 time slot, and / or may expect the gap value to be 1 symbol and / or 1 time slot.

[0134] For example, OCC applications can be applied to resources in the UL segment and / or resources where actual transmission occurs and / or resources that exclude gaps.

[0135] For example, when OCCs are applied in symbol (group) units, and / or in the case of a 3.75kHz SCS, an OCC of length 3 can be applied from the second symbol into the portion of the time slot (within the UL segment) that includes the gap before the DMRS. For example, if there is no gap, an OCC of length 4 or 2 can be applied from the first symbol.

[0136] For example, when OCCs are applied in symbol (group) units, and / or in the case of a 15kHz SCS, a 2-length OCC can be applied from the second symbol into the portion of the time slot (within the UL segment) that includes the gap before the DMRS. For example, if there is no gap, an OCC of length 3 or 2 can be applied from the first symbol.

[0137] In embodiments of this disclosure, the OCC length may refer to the frequency axis length and / or the time axis length (each of which), and / or may refer to the total length of the frequency axis and the time axis.

[0138] For example, the DCI format can indicate the OCC (index) applied to the NPUSCH scheduled by that DCI format. For example, the OCC (index) can be limited to the frequency axis OCC. For example, the field indicating the allocated subcarrier in the DCI format can be used together to indicate the allocated subcarrier and OCC information.

[0139] For example, a first OCC (e.g., all 1s) can be applied to a conventional value indicated in the assigned subcarrier indication field (e.g., index 0 to 18).

[0140] For example, information about the subcarriers for which other OCCs are assigned can be indicated by using the current reserved state value (e.g., all or a subset of indices 19 to 63).

[0141] For example, a symbol group that applies the same OCC can be a symbol group to which the same data complex value symbol is mapped and / or a symbol group with the same redundant version.

[0142] For example, this value can be changed so that the same redundant version is applied to symbol groups that apply the same OCC.

[0143] For example, if OCC is applied to NPUSCH, the value of B (which is the number of consecutive NB-IoT UL slots to which the data complex value symbols used for the same redundancy version are mapped for NPUSCH transmission) can be extended or increased. For example, the value of B can be in the form of multiplying the existing value of B by a specific scaling value (e.g., 2 or the OCC length and / or a value configured via SIB / RRC).

[0144] For example, if OCC is applied to NPUSCH, a single redundant version can be used for NPUSCH transmission. For example, whether a single redundant version is used for a single NPUSCH and its value can be indicated in the DCI format and / or can be configured by SIB / RRC.

[0145] In embodiments of this disclosure, symbol groups can be configured with symbols that are actually continuous in time, and / or with symbols that are actually discontinuous in time, or with time slots that are actually continuous in time, and / or with time slots that are actually discontinuous in time.

[0146] For example, when OCC is applied to NPUSCH (data RE), the Transport Block Size (TBS) value can be the floor value and / or floor value and / or rounded value obtained by dividing the TBS value determined without OCC by the OCC length. This is based on the fact that the number of repetitions of the complex value symbol for the RE can be determined by the length of the OCC. For example, if there are multiple OCC lengths, the maximum, minimum, or average value among the OCC lengths can be used for the Transport Block Size (TBS) conversion.

[0147] For example, if the number of allocated subcarriers is 3 and the applied OCC length is 3, the TBS determination method for NPUSCH can follow the TBS determination method when the number of allocated subcarriers is 1.

[0148] For example, if the number of allocated subcarriers is 6 and the applied OCC length is 6, the TBS determination method for NPUSCH can follow the TBS determination method when the number of allocated subcarriers is 1.

[0149] For example, if the number of allocated subcarriers is 12 and the applied OCC length is 12, the TBS determination method for NPUSCH can follow the TBS determination method when the number of allocated subcarriers is 1.

[0150] For example, if the number of allocated subcarriers is 6 and the applied OCC length is 3, the TBS determination method for NPUSCH can follow the TBS determination method when the number of allocated subcarriers is 1.

[0151] For example, when interpreting the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index in the above case, it can be assumed that the number of subcarriers allocated is 1.

[0152] For example, if OCC is applied across multiple RUs, the resource count of the multiple RUs is converted to 1, and TBS can be calculated based on the RU index corresponding to the reduced number of RUs.

[0153] In embodiments of this disclosure, the OCC length may refer only to the time axis OCC length, and / or may refer only to the frequency axis OCC length, and / or may refer to the product of the time axis OCC length and the frequency axis OCC length, i.e., the time-frequency axis OCC length.

[0154] Meanwhile, in the next-generation system, the DMRS pattern of NPUSCH can vary depending on the time slot, and the number and / or presence of DMRS symbols can also vary for each time slot.

[0155] Figure 9 An example of an OCC pattern applied to NPUSCH based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 9 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0156] For example, for the first time slot, N (e.g., 2 or 3) of the 7 symbols may be DMRS symbols, and / or for the second time slot, M (e.g., 2 or 3) of the 7 symbols may be DMRS symbols, and / or for the third time slot, there may be no DMRS symbols among the 7 symbols, and / or for the fourth time slot, there may be no DMRS symbols among the 7 symbols. Figure 9 In the implementation, for ease of description, the case in which DMRS symbols are mapped to symbol indices 5 and 6 in the first time slot and DMRS symbols are mapped to symbol indices 0 and 1 in the second time slot is described.

[0157] For example, the OCC patterns applied to the first and third time slots can be the same. For example, the OCC patterns applied to the second and fourth time slots can be the same. For example, the OCC patterns applied to the first and second time slots can be the same as the OCC patterns applied to the third and fourth time slots.

[0158] For example, for the first and second time slots, an OCC (length 5) can be applied to symbol indices 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the first time slot, and / or an OCC (length 4) can be applied to symbol indices 5 and 6 of the first time slot and symbol indices 0 and 1 of the second time slot, and / or an OCC (length 5) can be applied to symbol indices 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the second time slot. For example, a symbol for which an OCC of length 4 is applied can be a DMRS symbol.

[0159] For example, the OCC pattern applied to the third and fourth time slots can be the same as the OCC pattern applied to the first and second time slots, and the symbol for the OCC with a length of 4 can be a data symbol (in this case) instead of a DMRS symbol. The advantage of doing this is that it limits the types of OCCs to a small number and restricts the maximum length of the OCC.

[0160] For example, the OCC patterns applied to the first and third time slots can be different. For example, the OCC patterns applied to the second and fourth time slots can be different. For example, the OCC patterns applied to the first and second time slots can be different from the OCC patterns applied to the third and fourth time slots.

[0161] For example, the OCC pattern applied to the third and fourth time slots can be the same. For example, for the third (and / or fourth) time slot, the OCC (with a length of 7) can be applied to the symbol indices 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the third (and / or fourth) time slot.

[0162] In embodiments of this disclosure, a DMRS symbol may be a symbol to which the actual DMRS is transmitted, or it may be a symbol to which the DMRS can be transmitted or a symbol to which data is not mapped.

[0163] Meanwhile, for the purpose of Early Data Transmission (EDT), communication between the base station (e.g., eNB) and the UE can be initiated with MSG3 transmission even without MSG1 / MSG2. However, in the case of NTN communication, due to UE location errors (based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), etc.) and / or NTN node location information errors, the time / frequency offset pre-compensation based on the ephemeris information and / or location information of the NTN node and the UE's location information may be inaccurate, and if correction via timing advance (TA) command is not performed, the UL reception at the base station may be inaccurate.

[0164] For example, in an initial access procedure where MSG3 is initially transmitted (without MSG1 / MSG2 transmission), the UL subcarrier spacing for MSG3 can be limited to 3.75 kHz. This is based on the premise that there is room to overcome timing errors caused by location information errors through a relatively long CP. Here, for example, MSG1 can refer to the physical random access channel (e.g., narrowband physical random access channel, random access preamble, etc.), MSG2 can refer to the random access response (e.g., narrowband random access response, grant), and MSG3 can refer to the physical uplink shared channel (e.g., narrowband physical uplink shared channel). Whether MSG1 / MSG2 transmission / reception is allowed to be omitted in the initial access procedure (e.g., random access procedure) can be based on the subcarrier spacing. For example, based on a subcarrier spacing of 3.75 kHz, it is permissible to omit MSG1 / MSG2 transmission / reception in the initial access procedure (e.g., random access procedure). For example, if the subcarrier spacing is not 3.75 kHz, it may not be permissible to omit MSG1 / MSG2 transmission / reception during the initial access procedure (e.g., random access procedure).

[0165] For example, in the initial access process where transmission is initially via MSG3 (without MSG1 / MSG2 transmission), the symbol structure of the configured time slots and / or the CP length for MSG3 can differ from those transmitted by other ULs. For instance, ULs using MSG3 for NB-IoT can use extended CPs, and / or their length can be 512. T s (Here T) s It is 1 / 15000 / 2048), and / or the number of symbols in the configured time slot can be 6. On the other hand, for all or part of the other UL transmissions, normal CP (160) can be used. T s Or 144 (T), and the number of symbols configured for a time slot can be 7. For example, the length of an extended CP can be 256. T s .

[0166] Figure 10 A method for performing wireless communication using an apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 10 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0167] refer to Figure 10In step S1010, the device can obtain configuration information related to the subcarrier spacing. In step S1020, the device can initiate a random access procedure. In step S1030, the device can send a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether the sending of the first message and the receiving of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0168] For example, a third message can be transmitted based on a narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel. For example, orthogonal overlay codes for the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel can be applied within the uplink segment. For example, applying orthogonal overlay codes to the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel allows for the use of a single redundant version for transmissions on the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel. For example, whether to use a single redundant version for transmissions on the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel can be configured based on at least one of downlink control information, system information blocks, or radio resource control (RRC). For example, the reference signal pattern for the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel can be different for each time slot. For example, the orthogonal overlay code pattern applied to the time slot to which the reference signal is mapped can be the same as the orthogonal overlay code pattern applied to the time slot to which the reference signal is not mapped. For example, the reference signal can be a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).

[0169] For example, the first message may be a narrowband-associated physical random access channel, and the second message may be a narrowband-associated random access response that includes authorization.

[0170] For example, based on a subcarrier spacing of 3.75 kHz, it is permissible to omit the transmission of the first message and the reception of the second message during random access.

[0171] For example, if the subcarrier spacing is not 3.75 kHz, it is not permissible to omit the transmission of the first message and the reception of the second message during random access.

[0172] For example, the sending of a third message can be performed based on an extended loop prefix, and the sending of messages other than the third message can be performed based on a normal loop prefix.

[0173] For example, the transmission of the third message can be performed based on a time slot containing 6 symbols, and the transmission of other messages can be performed based on a time slot containing 7 symbols.

[0174] The proposed method can be applied to an apparatus based on various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 102 of apparatus 100 can obtain configuration information related to the subcarrier spacing. Second, the processor 102 of apparatus 100 can initiate a random access procedure. Third, the processor 102 of apparatus 100 can control the transceiver 106 to transmit a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether to allow the omission of the transmission of the first message and the reception of the second message during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0175] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, an apparatus can be provided. For example, the apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the apparatus to perform operations including: obtaining configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; initiating a random access procedure; and sending a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether the sending of a first message and the receiving of a second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0176] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for a control device can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the apparatus to perform operations including: obtaining configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; initiating a random access procedure; and sending a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether to allow the omission of sending a first message and receiving a second message during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0177] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a device to perform operations including: obtaining configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; initiating a random access procedure; and sending a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether the sending of a first message and the receiving of a second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0178] Figure 11 A method for a base station to perform wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 11 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0179] refer to Figure 11In step S1110, the base station may send configuration information related to the subcarrier spacing. In step S1120, the base station may receive a third message during the random access procedure. For example, whether to allow the omission of receiving the first message and sending the second message during the random access procedure can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0180] For example, a third message can be received based on a narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel. For example, orthogonal coverage codes for the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel can be applied within the uplink segment. For example, applying orthogonal coverage codes to the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel allows the use of a single redundant version for reception of the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel. For example, whether a single redundant version is used for reception of the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel can be configured based on at least one of downlink control information, system information blocks, or radio resource control (RRC). For example, the reference signal pattern for the narrowband-dependent physical uplink shared channel can be different for each time slot. For example, the orthogonal coverage code pattern applied to the time slot to which the reference signal is mapped can be the same as the orthogonal coverage code pattern applied to the time slot to which the reference signal is not mapped. For example, the reference signal can be a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).

[0181] For example, the first message could be a narrowband-dependent physical random access channel, and the second message could be a narrowband-dependent random access response that includes authorization.

[0182] For example, based on a subcarrier spacing of 3.75 kHz, it is permissible to omit the reception of the first message and the transmission of the second message during random access.

[0183] For example, if the subcarrier spacing is not 3.75 kHz, it is not permissible to omit the reception of the first message and the transmission of the second message during random access.

[0184] For example, the reception of a third message can be performed based on an extended cyclic prefix, and the reception of messages other than the third message can be performed based on a normal cyclic prefix.

[0185] For example, the reception of the third message can be performed based on a time slot containing 6 symbols, and the reception of messages other than the third message can be performed based on a time slot containing 7 symbols.

[0186] The proposed method can be applied to a base station based on various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 202 of the base station 200 can control the transceiver 206 to transmit configuration information related to the subcarrier spacing. Second, the processor 202 of the base station 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive a third message during random access. For example, whether to allow the omission of receiving the first message and transmitting the second message during random access can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0187] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a base station can be provided. For example, the base station may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the base station to perform operations including: transmitting configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; and receiving a third message during random access. For example, whether to allow the omission of receiving a first message and transmitting a second message during random access can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0188] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a base station can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the base station to perform operations including: sending configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; and receiving a third message during random access. For example, whether to allow the omission of receiving a first message and sending a second message during random access can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0189] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a base station to perform operations including: sending configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; and receiving a third message during random access. For example, whether to allow the omission of receiving a first message and sending a second message during random access can be based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0190] Based on various embodiments of this disclosure, since OCC used for NPUSCH can be applied within the same UL segment, the orthogonality between NPUSCHs applying OCC can be guaranteed to be above a certain level even when multiple UL segments exist. Because the SCS for transmitting and receiving MSG without preamble is limited to 3.75 kHz, MSG3 can be transmitted in a way that is robust to UE transmission timing errors. Furthermore, by matching the OCC patterns of time slots with and without DMRS identically, OCC can be used efficiently regardless of DMRS.

[0191] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with each other.

[0192] The following will describe apparatuses to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0193] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures described herein can be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0194] The following description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0195] Figure 12 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 12 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0196] Reference Figure 12 The communication system 1, which applies various embodiments of this disclosure, includes wireless devices, base stations (BS), and networks. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) and / or aircraft (AVs) (e.g., advanced air mobility (AAM)). XR devices can include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and can be implemented in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices can include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses) and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices can include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and network can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0197] In addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may also include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee, which takes into account low power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) related to low / low power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0198] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0199] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, access backhaul integration (IAB)). The wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0200] Figure 13 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 13 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0201] Reference Figure 13 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 12 The {Wireless Device 100x and BS200} and / or {Wireless Device 100x and Wireless Device 100x}.

[0202] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed herein. For example, the processors 102 may process information in the memories 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106. The processors 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memories 104. One or more memories 104 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 102. For example, one or more memories 104 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures disclosed herein. Here, one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 106 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with one or more radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0203] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed herein. For example, the processors 202 may process information in the memories 204 to generate a third message / signal, and subsequently transmit a radio signal including the third message / signal via the transceivers 206. The processors 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth message / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth message / signal in the memories 204. One or more memories 204 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 202. For example, one or more memories 204 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 206 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with one or more RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0204] The hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will now be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented, but are not limited to, by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document.

[0205] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and such firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, thereby being driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document can be implemented in software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or sets of commands.

[0206] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0207] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operation of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, proposal, method, and / or operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0208] Figure 14 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 14 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0209] Reference Figure 14 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a pre-encoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. It can perform... Figure 14 The operation / functions, but not limited to Figure 13The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) can be used. Figure 13 Implemented by processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) Figure 14 Hardware components. For example, it can be achieved through... Figure 13 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, they can be implemented using... Figure 13 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1050, and can be used to... Figure 13 The transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement the 1060 box.

[0210] Can be via Figure 14 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts codewords into radio signals. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). Radio signals can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0211] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-encoded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 1030 with N. The M precoding matrix W is obtained by multiplying the two matrices. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0212] Resource mapper 1050 maps modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. Time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. Signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. For this purpose, signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0213] Able to be with Figure 14 The signal processing procedures (1010~1060) are configured in reverse order for the signal processing procedures used to receive signals in a wireless device. For example, a wireless device (e.g., Figure 13 The receiver (e.g., 100, 200) can receive radio signals from the outside via the antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signals can be converted into baseband signals using a signal recovery unit. For this purpose, the signal recovery unit may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signals can be recovered into codewords through a resource demapping process, a post-encoding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be recovered into the original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuitry (not illustrated) used for receiving signals may include a signal recovery unit, a resource demapping unit, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0214] Figure 15 Another example of a wireless device based on an implementation of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see reference). Figure 12 ). Figure 15 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0215] Reference Figure 15 The wireless devices (100, 200) can correspond to Figure 13 The wireless devices (100, 200) can be configured using various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and (one or more) transceivers 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 13 One or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, transceiver 114 may include one or more transceivers. Figure 13The device comprises one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0216] The add-on component 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the add-on component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in, but is not limited to, the following forms: robot ( Figure 12 100a), vehicles ( Figure 12 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 12 100c), handheld device ( Figure 12 100d), home appliances ( Figure 12 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 12 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 12 400), BS ( Figure 12 (e.g., 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed locations.

[0217] exist Figure 15In the wireless devices (100, 200), all various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules can be connected to each other via wired interfaces, or at least partially connected wirelessly via communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), control unit 120 and communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired connection, and control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may also include one or more elements. For example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of one or more processors. As an example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing units, and memory control processors. As another example, memory 130 may be constructed using random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0218] The implementation will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 15 Examples.

[0219] Figure 16 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device may include a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT). Figure 16 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0220] Reference Figure 16 The handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to... Figure 15 The frame is 110 to 130 / 140.

[0221] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of handheld device 100. Control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). Storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive handheld device 100. Storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. Power supply unit 140a can supply power to handheld device 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Interface unit 140b can support connection of handheld device 100 to other external devices. Interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). I / O unit 140c can input or output user-input video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or information. I / O unit 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit 140d, speaker and / or haptic module.

[0222] For example, in the case of data communication, I / O unit 140c can acquire user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130. Communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. Communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS, and then recover the received radio signals into the original information / signals. The recovered information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130 and can be output in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic feedback) through I / O unit 140.

[0223] Figure 17 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Vehicles or autonomous vehicles can be implemented using mobile robots, automobiles, trains, manned / unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs), ships, etc. Figure 17 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0224] Reference Figure 17 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to... Figure 15 The frame size is 110 / 130 / 140.

[0225] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BS (e.g., gNB and roadside units), and servers. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. Control unit 120 may include electronic control unit (ECU). Drive unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the road. Drive unit 140a may include engine, motor, transmission system, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. Power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. Sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. Sensor unit 140c may include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, collision sensors, wheel sensors, speed sensors, slope sensors, weight sensors, heading sensors, position modules, vehicle forward / reverse sensors, battery sensors, fuel sensors, tire sensors, steering sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lighting sensors, pedal position sensors, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for maintaining the vehicle's lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomously driving along a defined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path when a destination is set.

[0226] For example, communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. Autonomous driving unit 140d can generate autonomous driving paths and driving plans from the acquired data. Control unit 120 can control drive unit 140a, enabling the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, communication unit 110 can periodically or non-periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. Autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. Communication unit 110 can transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0227] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, technical features in the method claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Additionally, technical features in one or more method claims and one or more device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device.

Claims

1. A method comprising the following steps: Obtain configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; Initiate a random access procedure; as well as A third message is sent during the random access process. Whether the sending of the first message and the receiving of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access process is based on the subcarrier spacing.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The third message is sent based on the narrowband-related physical uplink shared channel.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The orthogonal overlay code used for the narrowband-related physical uplink shared channel is applied within the uplink segment.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, Based on the application of orthogonal overlay codes to the narrowband-associated physical uplink shared channel, a single redundant version is allowed for transmissions on the narrowband-associated physical uplink shared channel.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, Whether to use the single redundancy version for transmission of the narrowband-related physical uplink shared channel is configured based on at least one of downlink control information, system information block, or radio resource control (RRC).

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The reference signal pattern used for the narrowband-related physical uplink shared channel is different for each time slot.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The orthogonal overlay code pattern applied to the time slot to which the reference signal is mapped is the same as the orthogonal overlay code pattern applied to the time slot to which the reference signal is not mapped.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The reference signal is the demodulation reference signal DMRS.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first message is a narrowband-associated physical random access channel, and the second message is a narrowband-associated random access response including authorization.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the subcarrier spacing of 3.75 kHz, it is permissible to omit the transmission of the first message and the reception of the second message during the random access process.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Since the subcarrier spacing is not 3.75 kHz, it is not permissible to omit the transmission of the first message and the reception of the second message during the random access process.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The sending of the third message is performed based on the extended cyclic prefix, while the sending of messages other than the third message is performed based on the normal cyclic prefix.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The transmission of the third message is performed based on a time slot comprising 6 symbols, and all other transmissions are performed based on a time slot comprising 7 symbols.

14. An apparatus comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtain configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; Initiating a random access procedure; and A third message is sent during the random access process. Whether the sending of the first message and the receiving of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access process is based on the subcarrier spacing.

15. A processing apparatus suitable for a control device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtain configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; Initiating a random access procedure; and A third message is sent during the random access process. Whether the sending of the first message and the receiving of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access process is based on the subcarrier spacing.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause a device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtain configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; Initiate a random access procedure; as well as A third message is sent during the random access process. Whether the sending of the first message and the receiving of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access process is based on the subcarrier spacing.

17. A method comprising the steps of: Send configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; as well as Receive a third message during random access. Whether or not the reception of the first message and the transmission of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access process is based on the subcarrier spacing.

18. A base station, the base station comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the base station to perform an operation, the operation including: Send configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; and Receive a third message during random access. Whether or not the reception of the first message and the transmission of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access process is based on the subcarrier spacing.

19. A processing apparatus suitable for controlling a base station, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the base station to perform an operation, the operation including: Send configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; and Receive a third message during random access. Whether or not the reception of the first message and the transmission of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access process is based on the subcarrier spacing.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause a base station to perform an operation, the operation comprising: Send configuration information related to subcarrier spacing; as well as Receive a third message during random access. Whether or not the reception of the first message and the transmission of the second message are allowed to be omitted during the random access process is based on the subcarrier spacing.

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