A ridging and pressing machine and method for greenhouse vegetables

Abstract

A ridging and compacting machine and method for greenhouse vegetables are disclosed. The ridging and compacting machine includes: a frame; a suspension mechanism mounted on the frame for attaching an agricultural tractor; a soil covering mechanism mounted at the front end of the frame for collecting and guiding soil to achieve uniform distribution, the soil covering mechanism including a soil covering disc, the amount and range of collected soil being controlled by adjusting the angle of the soil covering disc; a soil leveling mechanism mounted on the frame and located behind the soil covering mechanism for leveling the soil collected by the soil covering mechanism, providing suitable soil conditions for subsequent operations; a compaction mechanism mounted at the rear end of the frame for compacting the soil into raised and recessed surfaces, ensuring consistent compaction and flatness of each raised surface and reducing energy consumption; and a ground wheel drive mechanism connected to the compaction mechanism, providing rotational torque to drive the compaction mechanism to compact the ridge. The invention also provides a method for ridging and compacting greenhouse vegetables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to a ridging and pressing machine and method for greenhouse vegetables. Background Technology

[0002] In both greenhouse agriculture and open-field cultivation, ridging is a crucial step in improving soil structure and optimizing the root growth environment for crops. Simultaneously, compaction enhances soil moisture retention and ridge stability. However, existing ridging and compaction machines generally suffer from performance limitations. For example, their fixed blades are ill-suited to different soil types and crop requirements, and their compaction mechanisms are incompatible with the soil conditions of greenhouse vegetables, leading to inconsistent operational results. Furthermore, when operating in areas with high soil resistance, equipment energy consumption increases significantly, and efficiency decreases.

[0003] Existing ridging and rolling machines have complex overall structures, and most are designed for open-field operations, making them unsuitable for the working conditions of greenhouse vegetable cultivation. They are inefficient and typically include fixed ridging blades, a ridging mechanism, a rolling mechanism, and a transmission mechanism. Their functions are limited and their adjustment capabilities are insufficient to meet the diverse needs of greenhouse vegetable cultivation. While existing machines are often equipped with rotary tillers for soil tillage, the soil in greenhouse vegetable cultivation is usually pre-treated by rotary tillers, making them unsuitable for the already tilled soil. Therefore, the structure of the rotary tillers increases equipment costs, energy consumption, and failure rates, making maintenance more difficult and hindering ease of use. Regarding ridge compaction and uniformity, existing rolling equipment often results in uneven compaction due to the shape of the rolling wheels or soil conditions, failing to meet the high requirements for ridge uniformity in greenhouse vegetable cultivation. The compaction mechanism is inadequate. The compaction wheels are usually smooth or have a simple texture, which cannot adapt well to the soil hardness and surface conditions in greenhouse vegetables. This can easily lead to uneven compaction and poor soil firmness, making subsequent mechanical harvesting difficult. In particular, the compaction mechanism is prone to slippage in moist and soft soil. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a ridging and pressing machine and a ridging and pressing method for facility vegetables, which addresses the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine, comprising:

[0006] frame;

[0007] A suspension mechanism, mounted on the frame, is used to attach an agricultural tractor.

[0008] A soil covering mechanism, installed at the front end of the frame, is used to collect and guide soil to achieve uniform distribution. The soil covering mechanism includes a soil covering disc, and the amount and range of soil collected can be controlled by adjusting the angle of the soil covering disc.

[0009] A soil leveling mechanism, installed on the frame and located behind the soil covering mechanism, is used to level the soil collected by the soil covering mechanism to provide suitable soil conditions for subsequent operations.

[0010] A compaction mechanism, installed at the rear end of the frame, is used to compact the soil into raised and recessed surfaces to ensure consistent compaction and flatness of each raised surface and to reduce energy consumption; and

[0011] A ground wheel drive mechanism is connected to the compaction mechanism and provides rotational torque to the compaction mechanism to drive the compaction mechanism to compact the ridge.

[0012] The aforementioned facility vegetable ridging and pressing machine also includes a furrow opener, which is installed on the frame and located in front of the pressing mechanism, for opening furrows of a set depth and shape to reduce pressing resistance and operating energy consumption.

[0013] In the above-mentioned facility vegetable ridging and pressing machine, the soil covering plate is installed on a fixed support, the fixed support is installed on the frame through an adjusting fixing ring, and the angle of the soil covering plate is adjusted through the adjusting fixing ring.

[0014] In the above-mentioned facility vegetable ridging and pressing machine, the adjusting and fixing ring includes a fixed plate and a perforated round tube with a welded nut. The fixing support is fixed to the welded nut on the perforated round tube by bolts. When it is necessary to adjust the angle of the covering plate, the bolts are loosened, the fixing support is adjusted to the required angle, and the bolts are tightened to fix it.

[0015] In the aforementioned facility vegetable ridging and pressing machine, the amount of soil collected by the soil covering mechanism is: Q = k·ρ·S·V m ;

[0016] Where Q is the amount of soil collected by the cover plate in kg / s, k is the cover plate efficiency coefficient, which is affected by the cover plate tilt angle θ and the friction coefficient μ, and ρ is the soil density in kg / m³. 3 S is the effective area of ​​the soil cover, S = π·R 2 ·sinθ,V m The forward speed of the machine is expressed in m / s.

[0017] The above-mentioned facility vegetable ridging and pressing machine includes a soil leveling mechanism comprising a soil leveling plate, a soil leveling plate surface, a soil scraper, and an adjusting lug. The soil scraper is connected to and perpendicular to the soil leveling plate surface. The soil leveling plate surface and the soil scraper cooperate to level the soil. The adjusting lug is disposed on the soil scraper and is hinged to the frame.

[0018] The above-mentioned facility vegetable ridging and pressing machine includes a leveling mechanism that further includes an adjusting screw, which adjusts the inclination angle and working depth of the leveling plate to adapt to different soil conditions.

[0019] The above-mentioned facility vegetable ridging and pressing machine includes a furrow opener comprising an adjusting frame, a furrowing column, and furrowing shovels arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The furrowing column is mounted on the machine frame via the adjusting frame, and the furrowing shovels are mounted at the lower end of the furrowing column. The adjusting frame is used to control the furrowing depth according to operational requirements to ensure that the shape of the furrow is precisely matched with the shape of the concave surface.

[0020] The aforementioned facility vegetable ridging and compaction machine includes a compaction mechanism comprising a connecting frame, a compaction roller, a compaction end plate, a compaction shaft head, and a hydraulic cylinder. The compaction end plate is disposed at both ends of the compaction roller, and both ends of the compaction roller are mounted and supported on the connecting frame via the compaction shaft head. The ground wheel drive mechanism is connected to the compaction shaft head via chain drive. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to both the connecting frame and the machine frame, and is used to provide a constant or real-time adjustable compaction pressure to the compaction roller. The roller surface of the compaction roller is evenly distributed with multiple toothed structures for forming the raised and recessed surfaces. The pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to ensure a balance between the compaction degree of the ridge surface and the soil aeration.

[0021] To better achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a method for ridging and compacting greenhouse vegetables, wherein the above-mentioned greenhouse vegetable ridging and compacting machine is used to complete the integrated ridging and compacting operation, including the following steps:

[0022] The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine is attached to the agricultural tractor via a suspension mechanism and then started to operate;

[0023] The tractor drives the vegetable ridging and pressing machine forward, and the soil covering mechanism collects and transports soil according to the set amount of soil.

[0024] After the leveling mechanism evenly levels the soil collected and transported by the covering mechanism, the trencher opens trenches of a predetermined depth and shape to reduce compaction resistance and operational energy consumption; and

[0025] The ground wheel drive mechanism drives the compaction mechanism to compact the soil into raised and concave surfaces under constant or real-time adjustable compaction pressure, so as to keep the compaction degree and flatness of each raised surface consistent and reduce energy consumption, thus completing the integrated operation of ridging and compaction.

[0026] The technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] This invention eliminates the need for rotary tillers, optimizes energy utilization, simplifies the machine structure, reduces equipment costs and ease of use, and better meets the actual needs of facility vegetable cultivation environments. The gear-shaped compaction mechanism improves the compaction and uniformity of the ridge surface by cooperating with the grooves opened by the furrow opener. The gear shape reduces compaction resistance, resulting in lower energy consumption during operation and further improving operational efficiency and economy.

[0028] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a soil covering mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering plate angle adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a flat soil slab structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment of the flat soil plate angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a trencher structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Among them, the attached figures are labeled

[0037] 1. Suspension mechanism

[0038] 2. Soil covering mechanism

[0039] 21 Fixed Supports

[0040] 22 Adjusting and fixing rings

[0041] 23 Covered Plate

[0042] 3 leveling mechanism

[0043] 31 Adjusting Screw

[0044] 32 square earthen board

[0045] 321 square meters of soil surface

[0046] 322 scraper

[0047] 323 Adjust the lifting lugs

[0048] 4 trenchers

[0049] 41 Adjustment bracket

[0050] 42 trenching posts

[0051] 43 trenching shovel

[0052] 5 repressive agencies

[0053] 51 Press Roller

[0054] 52-inch press plate

[0055] 53 Press Shaft Head

[0056] 54 hydraulic cylinder

[0057] 55 connecting bracket

[0058] 6-wheel drive mechanism

[0059] 7 racks Detailed Implementation

[0060] The structural and working principles of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0061] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. The facility vegetable ridging and compaction machine of the present invention includes: a frame 7; a suspension mechanism 1, installed on the frame 7, for attaching an agricultural tractor; a soil covering mechanism 2, installed at the front end of the frame 7, for collecting and guiding soil to achieve uniform distribution, the soil covering mechanism 2 including a soil covering disc 23, the amount and range of collected soil can be controlled by adjusting the angle of the soil covering disc 23; a soil leveling mechanism 3, installed on the frame 7 and located behind the soil covering mechanism 2, for leveling the soil collected by the soil covering mechanism 2, providing suitable soil conditions for subsequent ditching and compaction operations; a compaction mechanism 5, installed at the rear end of the frame 7, for compacting the soil into raised and recessed surfaces, so that the compaction degree and flatness of each raised surface are consistent and energy consumption is reduced; and a ground wheel drive mechanism 6, connected to the compaction mechanism 5, providing rotational torque to the compaction mechanism 5, driving the compaction mechanism 5 to compact the ridge.

[0062] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering mechanism 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3This is a schematic diagram illustrating the angle adjustment of the covering disc 23 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The covering mechanism 2 in this embodiment is an adjustable structure. By adjusting the angle and width of the covering disc 23, the amount and range of soil collected can be controlled, adapting to the covering needs of different plots, ensuring uniform soil distribution, and meeting the ridge shape requirements for different crops. The covering disc 23 is mounted on a fixed support column 21, which is mounted on the frame 7 via an adjusting fixing ring 22. The tilt angle θ of the covering disc 23 is adjusted via the adjusting fixing ring 22. The fixed support column 21 supports the covering disc 23, ensuring its stable operation during operation. The adjusting fixing ring 22 is bolted to the frame 7. During adjustment, the bolts are loosened, adjusted to the set angle, and then tightened again, allowing for quick adjustment and fixation. The adjusting and fixing ring 22 serves to fix and adjust the angle of the soil covering plate 23. It includes a perforated round tube with a fixing plate and a welded nut. The soil covering plate 23 is connected to the fixing support 21. The fixing support 21 is fixed to the welded nut of the perforated round tube by two bolts. When it is necessary to adjust the angle of the soil covering plate 23, the bolts are loosened, the fixing support 21 is adjusted to the required angle, and the bolts are tightened to fix it.

[0063] The amount of soil collected by the covering disc 23 is mainly affected by the tilt angle θ of the covering disc 23, the diameter D of the covering disc 23, the forward speed Vm of the implement, and the physical properties of the soil, such as density ρ and friction coefficient μ. The amount of soil collected can be precisely controlled according to the operating speed and required covering thickness, ensuring uniform and stable covering. The preferred soil collection amount by the covering mechanism 2 is: Q = k·ρ·S·V m ;

[0064] Where Q is the amount of soil collected by the cover plate 23, in kg / s; k is the efficiency coefficient of the cover plate 23, which is affected by the tilt angle θ and the friction coefficient μ of the cover plate 23; and ρ is the soil density in kg / m³. 3 S is the effective working area of ​​the soil cover plate 23, S=π·R 2 ·sinθ,V m The speed of the equipment is expressed in m / s. As the inclination angle θ of the cover plate increases, the amount of soil collected gradually increases. However, beyond a certain range, soil slippage increases, and collection efficiency decreases. The optimal angle θ needs to be determined based on the soil hardness, moisture content, and other characteristics of the work site.

[0065] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flat soil plate 32 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5This is a schematic diagram illustrating the angle adjustment of the leveling plate 32 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The leveling mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a leveling plate 32, which comprises a leveling plate surface 321, a scraper blade 322, and an adjusting lug 323. The scraper blade 322 is connected to and perpendicular to the leveling plate surface 321. The leveling plate surface 321 and the scraper blade 322 cooperate to level the soil. The adjusting lug 323 is mounted on the scraper blade 322 and hinged to the frame 7, allowing it a certain degree of freedom during operation to adapt to the undulating terrain of different plots. To achieve the adjustment of the tilt angle and height of the leveling plate 32 and to level the soil surface, the leveling mechanism 3 can adjust the tilt angle and working depth of the leveling plate surface 321 by adjusting the lead screw 31 to adapt to different soil conditions. The position and angle of the leveling plate surface 321 can be optimized according to the soil hardness and the machine's operating speed to ensure that the surface flatness meets agronomic requirements. The adjusting screw 31 includes a screw feed tube and a screw, which are connected to the frame 7 and the leveling plate 32 via upper and lower hinge points. Rotating the screw feed tube can extend the adjusting screw 31. Since the adjusting screw 31 is hinged to the leveling plate 32, extending or shortening the adjusting screw 31 can change the tilt angle of the leveling plate surface 321. Adjusting the tilt angle α of the leveling plate surface 321 from the initial 90° to 30° can change the working depth from deep to shallow.

[0066] During operation, the soil is leveled by the combined action of the leveling plate 321 and the scraper 322, preventing uneven soil distribution or obstruction of subsequent trenching operations. The lead screw 31 allows for flexible adjustment to ensure leveling effectiveness for different operational needs. The angle adjustment of the leveling plate 32 must consider soil fluidity and target flatness; an excessively small angle may cause soil accumulation, while an excessively large angle may affect the leveling effect.

[0067] See Figure 6 , Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the trencher 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the trencher 4 is also included, mounted on the frame 7 and located in front of the compaction mechanism 5. It provides a good working foundation for the subsequent gear-shaped compaction mechanism 5, creating trenches of a set depth and shape, allowing the compaction mechanism 5 to more easily contact the soil and apply pressure, ensuring the flatness after compaction, reducing compaction resistance, improving work efficiency, and reducing work energy consumption. The trencher 4 includes an adjusting frame 41, a trenching column 42, and trenching shovels 43 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides. The trenching column 42 is mounted on the frame 7 via the adjusting frame 41, and the trenching shovels 43 are mounted at the lower end of the trenching column 42. The adjusting frame 41 is used to control the trenching depth according to work requirements, ensuring that the shape of the trench precisely matches the toothed concave surface of the compaction roller 51. The trenching shovel 43 is made of wear-resistant material and consists of an upright wing-shaped structure composed of two rhomboid high-manganese wear-resistant steel plates. Its tail is higher than its head, forming an upward-pointing shape that effectively guides the cut soil to move to both sides of the trench, preventing soil accumulation within the trench. The trenching shovel 43 reduces soil resistance, improves work efficiency, reduces tractor power consumption, and optimizes overall work performance. During operation, it works in conjunction with the implement's power supply, with the tractor pulling the implement forward, allowing the trenching shovel 43 to penetrate deep into the soil for trenching. The trench opener 4 works in conjunction with the gear-shaped compaction mechanism 5, creating an optimized trench shape that allows the toothed concave surface of the compaction roller 51 to embed more smoothly into the soil. Working in tandem with the compaction mechanism 5, the trench opened by the trench opener 4 reduces compaction resistance and energy consumption, effectively preventing soil accumulation from hindering compaction, improving the pressure distribution of the compaction mechanism 5 at the bottom of the trench, and enhancing the compaction effect and soil compaction quality.

[0068] See Figure 7 , Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the compaction mechanism 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The compaction mechanism 5 in this embodiment includes a connecting frame 55, a compaction roller 51, a compaction end plate 52, a compaction shaft head 53, and a hydraulic cylinder 54. The compaction end plate 52 is disposed at both ends of the compaction roller 51. The two ends of the compaction roller 51 are mounted and supported on the connecting frame 55 via the compaction shaft head 53. The ground wheel drive mechanism 6 is connected to the compaction shaft head 53 via chain drive. The hydraulic cylinder 54 is connected to the connecting frame 55 and the frame 7 respectively, and is used to provide a constant or real-time adjustable compaction pressure to the compaction roller 51. For example, the compaction pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 54 on the compaction mechanism 5 can be adjusted in real time using an electronic control system. Multiple toothed structures for forming the raised and recessed surfaces are evenly distributed on the roller surface of the compaction roller 51. By adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 54, a balance is achieved between the compaction degree of the ridge surface and the soil aeration. The constant compaction pressure provided by hydraulic cylinder 54 compacts the soil into a concave-convex cross-sectional shape, ensuring that the ridge surface has good compaction and consistency, adapting to the soil hardness and compaction of the greenhouse vegetable operation plot, ensuring uniform soil compaction, flat ridge surface, and avoiding the problem of inconsistent compaction effect caused by uneven ground surface.

[0069] The V-shaped grooves created by the furrow opener 4 match the concave surface of the toothed structure of the compaction roller 51 in both width and depth, allowing the compaction mechanism 5 to smoothly embed itself into the grooves for operation. The stable pressure provided by the hydraulic cylinder 54 is evenly distributed at the bottom and sidewalls of the grooves, optimizing the compaction pressure distribution and improving the compaction quality of the soil. The integrated design of the furrow opener 4 and the compaction mechanism 5 ensures the consistency and firmness of the ridge surface, significantly reducing energy consumption and meeting the agronomical requirements of greenhouse vegetable cultivation. According to agronomic standards, greenhouse vegetables, especially leafy vegetables, require a compaction pressure of 300-500 kPa to press the ridge surface. Therefore, in this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 54 provides a stable compaction pressure of 300-500 kPa, ensuring close contact between the compaction mechanism 5 and the soil surface. Continuous compaction is achieved through the contact between the tooth tips of the compaction roller 51's toothed structure and the grooves. The ground wheel outputs power through a transmission sprocket to drive the compaction roller 51 to rotate, ensuring that it can evenly compact the soil during its movement. To achieve the best compaction effect, the relationship between soil compaction degree and compaction pressure in compaction mechanism 5 needs to be considered as follows:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, D c The pressure is expressed in kPa; F is the vertical force provided by the hydraulic cylinder 54 in N; A is the projected area of ​​the toothed structure of the pressing roller 51 in contact with the soil in m². 2The compaction roller 51 is optimized with parameters required for greenhouse vegetable ridges to ensure uniform compaction of the soil surface. To adapt to different soil types, the compaction mechanism 5 can also adjust the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 54 to ensure a balance between compaction and soil aeration, meeting the agronomic requirements of greenhouse vegetables.

[0072] During operation, the greenhouse vegetable ridging and compacting machine is attached to an agricultural tractor, such as a suspension mechanism 1, and then started. During operation, the tractor drives the machine forward, the soil covering mechanism 2 collects and transports soil to the leveling plate 32, which evenly levels the soil. The furrow opener 4 then completes the furrowing operation to reduce compaction resistance. Subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder 54 provides sufficient compaction pressure, while the ground wheel drive mechanism 6 provides rotational torque to the compaction mechanism 5 via sprocket transmission, driving the compaction mechanism 5 to compact the ridge, completing the integrated ridging and compaction operation. Covering, leveling, furrowing, and compaction can be completed in one operation, making the operation highly efficient and meeting agronomic requirements, providing a good working environment for subsequent mechanical harvesting.

[0073] The method for ridging and compacting greenhouse vegetables of the present invention uses the above-mentioned greenhouse vegetable ridging and compacting machine to complete the integrated ridging and compacting operation, and includes the following steps:

[0074] The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine is attached to the agricultural tractor via the suspension mechanism 1, and then started to operate;

[0075] The tractor drives the vegetable ridging and pressing machine of the facility forward, and the soil covering mechanism 2 collects and transports soil according to the set amount of soil.

[0076] After the leveling mechanism 3 evenly levels the soil collected and transported by the covering mechanism 2, the trencher 4 opens trenches of a set depth and shape to reduce compaction resistance and operational energy consumption; and

[0077] The ground wheel drive mechanism 6 drives the compaction mechanism 5 to compact the soil into raised and concave surfaces under constant or real-time adjustable compaction pressure, so as to keep the compaction degree and flatness of each raised surface consistent and reduce energy consumption, thus completing the integrated operation of ridging and compaction.

[0078] Under conditions of uniform working environment, consistent soil properties, and stable trench depth and shape, a constant compaction pressure ensures the working efficiency of the compaction mechanism 5 and the uniform compaction of the soil. This is suitable for large-scale facility vegetable planting sites with consistent soil quality, and simplifies operation and reduces equipment complexity. Real-time adjustment of compaction pressure is used in scenarios with complex soil conditions or varied ridge shapes. The electronic control system dynamically adjusts the pressure or flow rate output by the hydraulic pump based on sensor data such as soil hardness, trench depth, and implement forward speed. Soil hardness sensors detect compressive strength, depth sensors ensure consistent working depth, and speed sensors optimize compaction pressure based on implement travel speed. Through real-time detection and adjustment of these parameters, compaction quality and ridge shape consistency are further improved.

[0079] The higher the pressure provided by the hydraulic cylinder 54, the more tightly the gaps between soil particles are compressed, increasing compaction, but reducing permeability. Conversely, lower pressure increases soil permeability but may not provide sufficient support. By adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 54, dynamic control of compaction and permeability can be achieved.

[0080] The relationship between soil compaction degree and pressure is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Where D is the compacted soil density, in g / cm³. 3 D0 is the original soil density, in g / cm³. 3 P is the pressure applied by hydraulic cylinder 54, in kPa, and E is the elastic modulus of the soil, in kPa, which is related to the soil properties.

[0083] Soil permeability can be expressed by porosity, and its relationship with density is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] Where φ is the porosity and D is the current soil density, in g / cm³. 3 D P Soil particle density, in g / cm³ 3 The preferred value is 2.65 g / cm³. 3 By detecting and adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 54, the compaction degree D of the soil can be controlled, which in turn indirectly affects the air permeability φ.

[0086] For greenhouse vegetables, the general requirements are a ridge spacing of 120-150cm, a ridge width of 110-120cm, a furrow bottom width of 20cm, and a ridge height of 15-20cm. The toothed structure of the press roller 51 preferably results in a ridge spacing of 126cm, a ridge width of 110cm, a furrow bottom width of 20cm, and a ridge height of 15cm, all within agronomical standards. The toothed structure of the press roller 51 ensures a match with the furrow bottom width and ridge height. The concave-convex toothed design reduces soil accumulation and enhances furrow compaction, thus forming a regular ridge shape. Driven by a ground wheel, the toothed structure of the press roller 51 divides the ridge surface into raised and recessed surfaces, forming a rack-like ridge surface. This ridge surface ensures consistent firmness and flatness of each raised surface while reducing energy consumption.

[0087] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A ridging and pressing machine for greenhouse vegetables, characterized in that, include: frame; A suspension mechanism, mounted on the frame, is used to attach an agricultural tractor. A soil covering mechanism, installed at the front end of the frame, is used to collect and guide soil to achieve uniform distribution. The soil covering mechanism includes a soil covering disc, and the amount and range of soil collected can be controlled by adjusting the angle of the soil covering disc. A soil leveling mechanism, installed on the frame and located behind the soil covering mechanism, is used to level the soil collected by the soil covering mechanism to provide suitable soil conditions for subsequent operations. The compaction mechanism, installed at the rear end of the frame, is used to compact the soil into raised and recessed surfaces to ensure that the compaction degree and flatness of each raised surface are consistent and to reduce energy consumption. as well as A ground wheel drive mechanism is connected to the compaction mechanism and provides rotational torque to the compaction mechanism to drive the compaction mechanism to compact the ridge.

2. The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a trencher, which is mounted on the frame and located in front of the compaction mechanism, for creating trenches of a set depth and shape to reduce compaction resistance and operating energy consumption.

3. The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The soil covering plate is mounted on a fixed support, which is mounted on the frame via an adjusting ring. The angle of the soil covering plate is adjusted via the adjusting ring.

4. The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting and fixing ring includes a fixed plate and a perforated round tube with a welded nut. The fixing support is fixed to the welded nut on the perforated round tube by bolts. When it is necessary to adjust the angle of the soil covering plate, the bolts are loosened, the fixing support is adjusted to the required angle, and the bolts are tightened to fix it.

5. The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of soil collected by the soil covering mechanism is: Q = k·ρ·S·V m ; Where Q is the amount of soil collected by the cover plate in kg / s, k is the cover plate efficiency coefficient, which is affected by the cover plate tilt angle θ and the friction coefficient μ, and ρ is the soil density in kg / m³. 3 S is the effective area of ​​the soil cover, S = π·R 2 ·sinθ,V m The forward speed of the machine is expressed in m / s.

6. The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling mechanism includes a leveling plate, which includes a leveling plate surface, a scraper, and an adjusting lug. The scraper is connected to and perpendicular to the leveling plate surface. The leveling plate surface and the scraper cooperate to level the soil. The adjusting lug is set on the scraper and is hinged to the frame.

7. The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The leveling mechanism also includes an adjusting screw, which adjusts the tilt angle and working depth of the leveling plate to adapt to different soil conditions.

8. The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The trencher includes an adjusting frame, a trenching column, and trenching shovels arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The trenching column is mounted on the frame via the adjusting frame, and the trenching shovels are mounted at the lower end of the trenching column. The adjusting frame is used to control the trenching depth according to the operation requirements to ensure that the shape of the trench matches the concave surface precisely.

9. The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The compaction mechanism includes a connecting frame, a compaction roller, a compaction end plate, a compaction shaft head, and a hydraulic cylinder. The compaction end plate is located at both ends of the compaction roller, and both ends of the compaction roller are mounted and supported on the connecting frame via the compaction shaft head. The ground wheel drive mechanism is connected to the compaction shaft head via chain drive. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the connecting frame and the machine frame respectively, and is used to provide a constant or real-time adjustable compaction pressure for the compaction roller. The roller surface of the compaction roller is evenly distributed with multiple tooth-shaped structures for forming the raised and concave surfaces. The pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to ensure a balance between the compaction degree of the ridge surface and the soil aeration.

10. A method for ridging and compacting greenhouse vegetables, characterized in that, The integrated ridging and compaction operation of greenhouse vegetables using the greenhouse vegetable ridging and compaction machine according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: The greenhouse vegetable ridging and pressing machine is attached to the agricultural tractor via a suspension mechanism and then started to operate; The tractor drives the vegetable ridging and pressing machine forward, and the soil covering mechanism collects and transports soil according to the set amount of soil. After the leveling mechanism evenly levels the soil collected and transported by the covering mechanism, the trencher opens trenches of a set depth and shape to reduce compaction resistance and operating energy consumption. as well as The ground wheel drive mechanism drives the compaction mechanism to compact the soil into raised and concave surfaces under constant or real-time adjustable compaction pressure, so as to keep the compaction degree and flatness of each raised surface consistent and reduce energy consumption, thus completing the integrated operation of ridging and compaction.

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