A method and apparatus for integrated treatment of corn stalks by crushing and mixing and returning them to the field.

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated method and device for crushing and mixing corn stalks for returning to the field, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery technology. A traction frame is installed on the upper right side of the equipment frame, and a support plate is fixedly connected to the inner side of the equipment frame. A reducer is installed above the support plate, and a power transmission shaft is connected to the input end of the reducer. Two sets of soil-breaking mechanisms are installed below the equipment frame. A preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism is installed to the left of the soil-breaking mechanism, a gripping mechanism is installed to the left of the preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism, and a secondary crushing mechanism is installed to the left of the gripping mechanism. This device adopts an integrated operating structure, including a deep soil-breaking mechanism, a preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism, a gripping mechanism, a secondary crushing mechanism, and an auxiliary compaction mechanism. The preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism achieves the initial crushing of the stalks and mixing with the soil. The gripping mechanism grabs the uncrushed stalks and performs secondary crushing within a collection frame, significantly improving the crushing effect and overall processing quality of the stalks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, and in particular to an integrated treatment method and device for crushing and returning corn stalks to the field. Background Technology

[0002] Corn stalk crushing and mixing with soil is a mainstream farming method for improving soil fertility and utilizing straw resources. Its core principle is to crush the corn stalks remaining in the field after harvest, then use tillage machinery to mix the crushed material into the topsoil. The soil microorganisms decompose the stalks, converting them into organic matter, thereby achieving multiple goals: improving soil fertility, improving soil structure, reducing fertilizer application, and preventing environmental pollution from straw burning. Currently, the straw crushing and mixing process typically involves first using a straw crusher to break up the upright or laid-out stalks in the field, then using a rotary tiller or combined tillage machine to compact the crushed stalks into the soil, achieving the straw returning to the field.

[0003] However, existing straw crushing and mixing equipment only has a single-stage crushing structure, which makes it difficult to achieve the ideal fineness for longer straws, thicker stalks, and high stubble retention. This results in long straw remaining on the surface, easily tangling with machinery and affecting sowing. Simultaneously, existing equipment cannot simultaneously crush underground stubble; uncrushed stubble mixed with long straw forms clumps, resulting in uneven particle size and difficulty in achieving uniform mixing of straw and soil. Furthermore, existing functional modules are mostly separate structures, requiring multiple machines to enter the field repeatedly for each process, leading to high costs, long processing times, and repeated compaction that damages the soil structure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated processing device that combines soil breaking, crushing and mixing, grabbing and conveying, secondary crushing, and compaction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated treatment method and apparatus for crushing and returning corn stalks to the field, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning to the field treatment device, comprising an equipment frame, a traction frame provided on the upper right side of the equipment frame, a support plate fixedly connected to the inner side of the equipment frame, a reducer provided above the support plate, a power transmission shaft connected to the input end of the reducer, a power output shaft connected to the output end of the reducer, a transmission pulley one, a transmission pulley two, and a transmission pulley three provided on the power output shaft, two sets of soil breaking mechanisms provided below the equipment frame, a preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism provided on the left side of the soil breaking mechanism, a gripping mechanism provided on the left side of the preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism, and a secondary crushing mechanism provided on the left side of the gripping mechanism; The gripping mechanism includes a gripping shaft, a fixed ring is fixedly connected to the gripping shaft, a plurality of connecting grooves are provided on the circumferential side wall of the fixed ring, a hinge plate is hinged to the connecting groove, the left end of the hinge plate abuts against the left inner wall of the connecting groove, and an L-shaped gripping rod is fixedly connected to the end of the hinge plate away from the fixed ring. The secondary crushing mechanism includes a collection frame, which is L-shaped. Several matching notches are provided on the right side of the lower sidewall of the collection frame. The fixing ring is located to the right of the matching notches, and the gripping rod extends into the matching notches from the end away from the fixing ring.

[0006] Preferably, the front and rear ends of the longitudinal sidewall of the collection frame are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the equipment frame, respectively. The right end of the lower sidewall of the equipment frame is inclined upward. Two side baffles are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the left side of the equipment frame. A secondary crushing shaft is rotatably connected to the rear side baffle. The front end of the secondary crushing shaft passes through the front side baffle and is fixedly connected to a driven pulley three. The driven pulley three and the transmission pulley three are driven by a belt. A secondary crushing blade is fixedly connected to the sidewall of the secondary crushing shaft. A material leakage hole is opened on the sidewall of the collection frame, and the secondary crushing blade is located in the material leakage hole.

[0007] Preferably, a transverse moving frame is fitted on both the front and rear side walls of the equipment frame, and a synchronization plate is provided between the two transverse moving frames. A top baffle is fixedly connected to the lower end of the synchronization plate, and the front and rear ends of the synchronization plate are respectively fixedly connected to the adjacent side walls of the two transverse moving frames. A vertical limiting frame is fixedly connected to the ends of the two transverse moving frames that are far apart from each other. A U-shaped connecting frame is provided above the equipment frame. The lower ends of the front and rear side walls of the connecting frame pass through the vertical limiting frames and extend downward. The rear end of the gripping shaft is rotatably connected to the rear inner wall of the connecting frame, and the front end of the gripping shaft passes through the front side wall of the connecting frame. A second transmission gear is fixedly connected, and a first transmission gear is rotatably connected to the front side wall of the connecting frame. The first transmission gear meshes with the second transmission gear. A second driven pulley is fixedly connected to the front end of the first transmission gear. The second driven pulley and the second transmission pulley are driven by a belt. A vertical operating screw is provided above the connecting frame. The lower end of the vertical operating screw passes through the upper side wall of the connecting frame and is rotatably connected to the upper end of the synchronous plate. An internally threaded cylinder is rotatably connected to the right side end of the synchronous plate. A transverse threaded rod is internally threaded connected to the internally threaded cylinder. The right side end of the transverse threaded rod is fixedly connected to the left side end of the support plate.

[0008] Preferably, the right end of the gripping rod is hinged to an elastic telescopic rod, and the right end of the elastic telescopic rod is hinged to the circumferential side wall of the fixing ring.

[0009] Preferably, the initial crushing and mixing mechanism includes a crushing and mixing shaft and two crushing and mixing side plates. The two crushing and mixing side plates are respectively fixed below the front and rear side walls of the equipment frame. The crushing and mixing shaft is located between the two crushing and mixing side plates. A connecting ring is fixedly connected to the crushing and mixing shaft, and a plurality of crushing and mixing blades are fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting ring. Three connecting plates are rotatably connected to the mixing shaft. A rotating plate is set above the connecting plates. Auxiliary plates are rotatably connected to both ends of the rotating plate. The auxiliary plates are fixed to the inner right side of the equipment frame. An adjusting screw is set above the middle rotating plate. The lower end of the adjusting screw passes through the middle rotating plate and is rotatably connected to the upper end of the connecting plate. The adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the middle rotating plate. Limiting slide rods are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the front and rear connecting plates. The upper ends of the limiting slide rods pass through the rotating plate and are fixedly connected to a top plate. An abutment spring is sleeved on the limiting slide rod. The upper and lower ends of the abutment spring abut against the adjacent side walls of the rotating plate and the connecting plate, respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the mixed material side plate is provided with an arc-shaped position adjustment slide, and a limiting slide is slidably connected in the position adjustment slide. The rear end of the mixed material shaft is rotatably connected to the front end of the rear limiting slide. The front end of the mixed material shaft passes through the front limiting slide and is fixedly connected to a driven pulley. The driven pulley and the transmission pulley are driven by a belt.

[0011] Preferably, the soil breaking mechanism includes several soil loosening shovels, and the soil loosening shovels in the two sets of soil breaking mechanisms are arranged alternately, with the upper end of the soil loosening shovel fixedly connected to the lower end of the equipment frame.

[0012] Preferably, an auxiliary compaction mechanism is provided on the left side of the equipment frame. The auxiliary compaction mechanism includes a compaction cylinder. Both ends of the compaction cylinder are hinged with traction plates. The upper end of the traction plates is hinged to the left end of the equipment frame. Several compaction cones are provided on the outer wall of the compaction cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, an impact plate is provided inside the compaction cylinder, and a connecting shaft and a drive stop are fixedly connected to the rear inner wall of the compaction cylinder. The front end of the connecting shaft passes through the impact plate and is fixedly connected to the front inner wall of the compaction cylinder. A drive slide is provided on the impact plate, and the drive stop is located inside the drive slide.

[0014] Preferably, both the front and rear ends of the equipment frame are fixedly connected to a fixed outer frame, and a connecting vertical plate is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixed outer frame. The connecting vertical plate has several position adjustment holes. A fixing bolt is provided on the side of the fixed outer frame away from the equipment frame. The end of the fixing bolt near the equipment frame passes through the side wall of the fixed outer frame away from the equipment frame and the position adjustment hole in sequence. The end of the fixing bolt near the equipment frame is threadedly connected to the side wall of the fixed outer frame near the equipment frame. Both connecting vertical plates are rotatably connected to support wheels on the opposite sides.

[0015] A method for integrated treatment of corn stalks by crushing and mixing and returning them to the field, applied to the integrated treatment device for crushing and mixing corn stalks by crushing and mixing and returning them to the field as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, includes the following steps: S1. Power input: Connect the power transmission shaft to the power output end of the tractor. After the power is reduced and torque is increased by the reducer, the power output shaft simultaneously drives the first transmission pulley, the second transmission pulley and the third transmission pulley to rotate, which respectively drive the primary crushing and mixing mechanism, the grabbing mechanism and the secondary crushing mechanism to operate synchronously. S2, Breaking and Initial Crushing and Mixing: The equipment frame moves forward under traction. The loosening shovel loosens and digs up the corn stubble and residual straw in the soil. The turned-up material enters the initial crushing and mixing mechanism. The crushing and mixing blade rotates with the crushing and mixing shaft to initially cut and crush the material and initially mix it with the soil. S3. Grabbing and conveying: The material that has been initially crushed and mixed is conveyed to the grabbing mechanism. The grabbing shaft drives the fixed ring to rotate, and the hinge plate is thrown outward under the action of centrifugal force, which drives the L-shaped grabbing rod to unfold, grabbing the material and throwing it into the collection frame of the secondary crushing mechanism. S4. Secondary crushing: The material falling into the collection frame slides along the L-shaped collection frame to the material leakage hole. The secondary crushing shaft drives the secondary crushing blade to rotate at high speed, and the material is finely crushed in the second stage. The crushed material is discharged through the material leakage hole and scattered in the field. S5. Compaction and Return to Field: The material discharged after secondary crushing is compacted by an auxiliary compaction mechanism. While the compaction cylinder rolls, the compaction cone compacts the crushed straw fragments with the surface soil, completing the crushing and returning to field operation.

[0016] Compared with related technologies, the integrated treatment method and device for crushing and mixing corn stalks and returning them to the field provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This device adopts an integrated operating structure, which includes a deep soil breaking mechanism, a preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism, a grabbing mechanism, a secondary crushing mechanism, and an auxiliary rolling mechanism. The preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism realizes the initial crushing of straw and the mixing with soil. The grabbing mechanism grabs the uncrushed straw and collects it in the collection box. Then, the secondary crushing blade performs secondary crushing, which fully improves the crushing effect of straw and the overall processing quality.

[0017] 2. This device is also equipped with two sets of staggered loosening shovels below the equipment frame. When in use, the loosening shovels are used to break up the soil and remove the roots of the straw that are rooted in the soil, which facilitates the subsequent crushing operation. At the same time, the preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism can crush the soil while crushing the straw, and mix the soil and straw in the crushing process.

[0018] 3. This device is equipped with a position adjustment slide on the side plate of the crushing and mixing equipment. Under the action of the adjusting screw and the rotating plate, the position of the crushing and mixing shaft can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the depth of crushing and mixing. At the same time, the position of the gripping shaft can be adjusted by the cooperation of the vertical operating screw, the connecting frame, the internal threaded cylinder, and the horizontal threaded rod. This allows for the adjustment of the height of the gripping mechanism when adjusting the depth of soil breaking of the equipment, ensuring the tension effect between the driven pulley two and the transmission pulley two. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention from another angle; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the preliminary three-dimensional structure of the mixing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the mixing blade of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the gripping mechanism and the secondary crushing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the outer frame structure of the gripping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the collection frame position according to the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the gripping rod of the present invention; Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Enlarged view of a section at point C; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the compaction cylinder of the present invention; Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 12 Enlarged view of a section at point D.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Equipment frame; 2. Traction frame; 3. Reducer; 4. Power transmission shaft; 5. Power output shaft; 501. Transmission pulley one; 502. Transmission pulley two; 503. Transmission pulley three; 6. Loosening shovel; 7. Support plate; 8. Preliminary mixing mechanism; 801. Mixing side plate; 802. Position adjustment slide; 803. Limiting slide plate; 804. Driven pulley one; 805. Mixing shaft; 806. 807. Connecting ring; 808. Crushing and mixing blade; 809. Connecting plate; 800. Auxiliary plate; 810. Top plate; 811. Limiting slide bar; 812. Rotating plate; 813. Abutment spring; 814. Adjusting screw; 9. Gripping mechanism; 901. Lateral moving frame; 902. Vertical limiting frame; 903. Synchronizing plate; 904. Connecting frame; 905. Vertical operating screw; 906. Top baffle; 907. Lateral threaded rod; 908. Internal threaded cylinder; 909. Transmission gear one; 910. Driven pulley two; 911. Transmission gear two; 912. Gripping shaft; 913. Retaining ring; 914. Connecting groove; 915. Elastic telescopic rod; 916. Hinge plate; 917. Gripping rod; 10. Secondary crushing mechanism; 1001. Collection frame; 1002. Material leakage hole; 1003. Side baffle; 1004. Secondary crushing shaft; 1005. 1006 Driven pulley; 1007 Adaptive notch; 1008 Secondary crushing blade; 11. Auxiliary crushing mechanism; 1101 Traction plate; 1102 Crushing cylinder; 1103 Crushing cone; 1104 Connecting shaft; 1105 Impact plate; 1106 Drive stop bar; 1107 Drive slide; 12. Support wheel; 13. Fixed outer frame; 14. Connecting vertical plate; 15. Position adjustment hole; 16. Fixing bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1: Please see Figure 1 - Figure 6This invention provides a technical solution: an integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning to the field treatment device, including a frame 1, a traction frame 2 set on the upper right of the frame 1, a support plate 7 fixedly connected to the inner side of the frame 1, a reducer 3 set on the upper part of the support plate 7, a power transmission shaft 4 connected to the input end of the reducer 3, the power transmission shaft 4 is used to connect to the PTO power output end of the locomotive to realize the access and transmission of the whole machine's power, the output end of the reducer 3 is connected to a power output shaft 5, the reducer 3 realizes speed matching and torque amplification to meet the power adaptation requirements of multiple mechanisms such as straw crushing, grabbing, and secondary crushing, the power output shaft 5 is equipped with a first transmission pulley 501, a second transmission pulley 502 and a third transmission pulley 503, two sets of soil breaking mechanisms are set below the frame 1, a preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism 8 is set on the left side of the soil breaking mechanism, a grabbing mechanism 9 is set on the left side of the preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism 8, and a secondary crushing mechanism 10 is set on the left side of the grabbing mechanism 9; The primary crushing and mixing mechanism 8 includes a crushing and mixing shaft 805 and two crushing and mixing side plates 801. The two crushing and mixing side plates 801 are fixed below the front and rear side walls of the equipment frame 1, respectively. The crushing and mixing shaft 805 is located between the two crushing and mixing side plates 801. A connecting ring 806 is fixedly connected to the crushing and mixing shaft 805. Several crushing and mixing blades 807 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting ring 806. As the crushing and mixing shaft 805 rotates at high speed, it cuts and crushes the shoveled corn stalks and soil clods, and at the same time realizes the initial mixing of crushed straw and soil, thus completing the primary crushing and mixing operation. Three connecting plates 808 are rotatably connected to the mixing shaft 805. A rotating plate 812 is set above the connecting plates 808. Auxiliary plates 809 are rotatably connected to both ends of the rotating plate 812. The auxiliary plates 809 are fixed to the inner right side of the equipment frame 1. An adjusting screw 814 is set above the middle rotating plate 812. The lower end of the adjusting screw 814 passes through the middle rotating plate 812 and is rotatably connected to the upper end of the connecting plate 808. The adjusting screw 814 is threadedly connected to the middle rotating plate 812. Limiting slide rods 811 are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the front and rear connecting plates 808. The upper end of the limiting slide rods 811 passes through the rotating plate 812 and is fixedly connected to a top plate 810. A retaining spring 813 is fitted onto the upper part of the plate. The upper and lower ends of the retaining spring 813 abut against the adjacent side walls of the rotating plate 812 and the connecting plate 808, respectively. When adjusting the height of the crushing and mixing blade 807, the adjusting screw 814 is rotated. Under the action of the adjusting screw 814 and the rotating plate 812, the connecting plate 808 and the crushing and mixing shaft 805 are moved along the position adjustment slide 802, thereby realizing the adjustment of the working height and position of the crushing and mixing shaft 805. At the same time, the retaining action of the retaining spring 813 eliminates the thread adjustment gap and supports the crushing and mixing shaft 805, thereby avoiding position displacement caused by working vibration and ensuring the adjustment accuracy and working stability of the crushing and mixing shaft 805. An arc-shaped position adjustment slide 802 is provided on the mixed-mixing side plate 801. The center of the circle containing the position adjustment slide 802 is located on the axis of the power output shaft 5. When adjusting the position of the mixed-mixing shaft 805, the belt is always in a taut state, thereby avoiding belt slippage. A limiting slide plate 803 is slidably connected inside the position adjustment slide 802. The rear end of the mixed-mixing shaft 805 is rotatably connected to the front end of the rear limiting slide plate 803. The front end of the mixed-mixing shaft 805 passes through the front limiting slide plate 803 and is fixedly connected to a driven pulley 804. The driven pulley 804 and the transmission pulley 501 are driven by a belt. During use, the power output shaft 5 realizes the rotation of the mixed-mixing shaft 805 through the driven pulley 804 and the transmission pulley 501. The soil breaking mechanism includes several loosening shovels 6. The loosening shovels 6 in the two sets of soil breaking mechanisms are staggered. The staggered arrangement of the loosening shovels 6 can expand the soil breaking operation width and avoid blind spots. The upper end of the loosening shovel 6 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the equipment frame 1. At the same time, the setting of the loosening shovel 6 can dig out the straw root system. Both ends of the equipment frame 1 are fixedly connected to a fixed outer frame 13. A connecting vertical plate 14 is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixed outer frame 13. Several position adjustment holes 15 are opened on the connecting vertical plate 14. A fixing bolt 16 is provided on the side of the fixed outer frame 13 away from the equipment frame 1. The end of the fixing bolt 16 near the equipment frame 1 passes through the side wall of the fixed outer frame 13 away from the equipment frame 1 and the position adjustment hole 15 in sequence. The end of the fixing bolt 16 near the equipment frame 1 is threadedly connected to the side wall of the fixed outer frame 13 near the equipment. Support wheels 12 are rotatably connected to the two connecting vertical plates 14 on opposite sides. During use, the traction frame 2 is connected to the drive equipment, and the power transmission shaft 4 is connected to the power output shaft 5 of the drive equipment. The depth of the loosening shovel 6 on the right side of the equipment is adjusted by the lifting structure of the drive equipment. At the same time, the fixing bolt 16 is removed, and the height of the support wheel 12 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the connecting vertical plate 14, thereby ensuring that the depth of straw crushing and mixing of the whole device is adjusted.

[0023] Example 2: Please see Figure 7 - Figure 13As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: the gripping mechanism 9 includes a gripping shaft 912, a fixing ring 913 is fixedly connected to the gripping shaft 912, a plurality of connecting grooves 914 are formed on the circumferential side wall of the fixing ring 913, a hinge plate 916 is hinged to the connecting groove 914, the left end of the hinge plate 916 abuts against the left inner wall of the connecting groove 914, and an L-shaped gripping rod 917 is fixedly connected to the end of the hinge plate 916 away from the fixing ring 913. In use, the power output shaft 5 transmits power through the transmission pulley 5. 02 and driven pulley 2 910 work together to drive transmission gear 1 909 to rotate. Through transmission pulley 3 503 and driven pulley 3 1005, they drive secondary crushing shaft 1004 to rotate. With the cooperation of transmission gear 1 909 and transmission gear 2 911, they drive gripping shaft 912 to rotate. The gripping shaft 912 rotates in the opposite direction to the crushing shaft 805. While the gripping shaft 912 is rotating, it drives the gripping rod 917 to rotate. The gripping rod 917 is used to grab the uncrushed straw and throw it into the collection frame 1001. The secondary crushing mechanism 10 includes a collection frame 1001, which is L-shaped. Several matching notches 1006 are provided on the right side of the lower side wall of the collection frame 1001. A fixing ring 913 is located on the right side of the matching notch 1006. The end of the gripping rod 917 away from the fixing ring 913 extends into the matching notch 1006. After entering the collection frame 1001, the straw slides along the inclined lower side wall of the collection frame 1001 into the position of the secondary crushing blade 1007. The front and rear ends of the longitudinal sidewall of the collection frame 1001 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the equipment frame 1, respectively. The right end of the lower sidewall of the equipment frame 1 is inclined upward. Two side baffles 1003 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the left side of the equipment frame 1. The rear side baffle 1003 is rotatably connected to a secondary crushing shaft 1004. The front end of the secondary crushing shaft 1004 passes through the front side baffle 1003 and is fixedly connected to a driven pulley 3 1005. The driven pulley 3 1005 and the transmission pulley 3 503 are driven by a belt. A secondary crushing blade 1007 is fixedly connected to the sidewall of the secondary crushing shaft 1004. A material leakage hole 1002 is opened on the sidewall of the collection frame 1001. The secondary crushing blade 1007 is located in the material leakage hole 1002. While the secondary crushing blade 1007 rotates, it crushes the straw in the collection frame 1001. The crushed straw is discharged from the material leakage hole 1002. Horizontal moving frames 901 are fitted on both the front and rear side walls of the equipment frame 1. A synchronization plate 903 is set between the two horizontal moving frames 901. A top baffle 906 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the synchronization plate 903. The top baffle 906 prevents uncrushed straw from being thrown out. The front and rear ends of the synchronization plate 903 are fixedly connected to the adjacent side walls of the two horizontal moving frames 901, respectively. Vertical limiting frames 902 are fixedly connected to the ends of the two horizontal moving frames 901 that are far apart from each other. Above the equipment frame 1 A U-shaped connecting frame 904 is provided. The lower ends of the front and rear side walls of the connecting frame 904 pass through the vertical limiting frame 902 and extend downwards. The rear end of the gripping shaft 912 is rotatably connected to the inner rear wall of the connecting frame 904. The front end of the gripping shaft 912 passes through the front side wall of the connecting frame 904 and is fixedly connected to a second transmission gear 911. A first transmission gear 909 is rotatably connected to the front side wall of the connecting frame 904. The first transmission gear 909 meshes with the second transmission gear 911. The front end of the first transmission gear 909 is fixedly connected to... A driven pulley 910 is connected, and the driven pulley 910 and the transmission pulley 502 are driven by a belt. A vertical operating screw 905 is provided above the connecting frame 904. The lower end of the vertical operating screw 905 passes through the upper side wall of the connecting frame 904 and is rotatably connected to the upper end of the synchronization plate 903. An internally threaded cylinder 908 is rotatably connected to the right end of the synchronization plate 903. A transverse threaded rod 907 is internally threaded to the internally threaded cylinder 908. The right end of the transverse threaded rod 907 is connected to the left side of the support plate 7. The end is fixedly connected. When adjusting the position of the gripping shaft 912, the internal threaded cylinder 908 is rotated. Under the action of the internal threaded cylinder 908 and the horizontal threaded rod 907, the synchronous plate 903, the connecting frame 904, the horizontal moving frame 901, and the vertical limiting frame 902 are adjusted in the left and right directions. At the same time, the vertical operating screw 905 is rotated. Under the action of the vertical operating screw 905 and the upper side wall of the connecting frame 904, the position of the gripping shaft 912 is adjusted in the vertical direction. The right end of the gripping rod 917 is hinged to an elastic telescopic rod 915. The right end of the elastic telescopic rod 915 is hinged to the circumferential side wall of the fixing ring 913. During the gripping operation, the working angle of the gripping rod 917 can be adaptively adjusted through the elastic buffering effect of the elastic telescopic rod 915 to buffer the instantaneous impact force when gripping straw, avoid rigid impact that could cause deformation or breakage of the rod, and at the same time ensure the accurate resetting of the gripping rod 917. An auxiliary compaction mechanism 11 is provided on the left side of the equipment frame 1. The auxiliary compaction mechanism 11 includes a compaction cylinder 1102. Both ends of the compaction cylinder 1102 are hinged with traction plates 1101. The upper end of the traction plates 1101 is hinged to the left end of the equipment frame 1. Several compaction cones 1103 are provided on the outer wall of the compaction cylinder 1102. During the movement of the equipment frame 1, the compaction cylinder 1102 rolls on the ground. During the rolling of the compaction cylinder 1102, the compaction cones 1103 pierce the broken straw into the soil. An impact plate 1105 is installed inside the compaction cylinder 1102. A connecting shaft 1104 and a drive stop 1106 are fixedly connected to the rear inner wall of the compaction cylinder 1102. The front end of the connecting shaft 1104 passes through the impact plate 1105 and is fixedly connected to the front inner wall of the compaction cylinder 1102. A drive slide 1107 is provided on the impact plate 1105. The drive stop 1106 is located in the drive slide 1107. Under the action of the drive stop 1106, the impact plate 1105 is driven to rotate. When the drive stop 1106 moves to the right side of the top position, the impact plate 1105 falls from the right side under the action of gravity, thereby realizing the impact force of the compaction cylinder 1102 on the soil and achieving the auxiliary effect of soil crushing.

[0024] A method for integrated treatment of corn stalks by crushing and mixing and returning them to the field, using the aforementioned integrated treatment device for crushing and mixing corn stalks and returning them to the field, includes the following steps: S1. Power input: Connect the power transmission shaft 4 to the power output end of the tractor. After the power is reduced and increased in torque by the reducer 3, the power output shaft 5 simultaneously drives the transmission pulley 1 501, transmission pulley 2 502 and transmission pulley 3 503 to rotate, which respectively drive the primary crushing and mixing mechanism 8, the grabbing mechanism 9 and the secondary crushing mechanism 10 to operate synchronously. S2, Breaking and Initial Mixing: The equipment frame 1 moves forward under traction, and the loosening shovel 6 loosens and digs up the corn stubble and residual straw in the soil. The turned-up material enters the initial mixing mechanism 8, and the mixing blade 807 rotates with the mixing shaft 805 to initially cut and crush the material and initially mix it with the soil. S3. Grabbing and conveying: The material that has been initially crushed and mixed is conveyed to the grabbing mechanism 9. The grabbing shaft 912 drives the fixed ring 913 to rotate. The hinge plate 916 is thrown outward under the action of centrifugal force and drives the L-shaped grabbing rod 917 to unfold, grabbing the material and throwing it into the collection frame 1001 of the secondary crushing mechanism 10. S4. Secondary crushing: The material falling into the collection frame 1001 slides along the L-shaped collection frame 1001 to the material leakage hole 1002. The secondary crushing shaft 1004 drives the secondary crushing blade 1007 to rotate at high speed, and the material is finely crushed in the second stage. The crushed material is discharged through the material leakage hole 1002 and scattered in the field. S5. Compaction and Return to Field: The material discharged after secondary crushing is compacted by the auxiliary compaction mechanism 11. While the compaction cylinder 1102 is rolling, the compaction cone 1103 compacts the crushed straw fragments with the surface soil, completing the crushing and returning to field operation.

[0025] Working principle: When in use, connect the traction frame 2 to the drive equipment, and connect the power transmission shaft 4 to the power output shaft 5 of the drive equipment. Adjust the depth of the soil shovel 6 on the right side of the equipment into the soil through the lifting structure of the drive equipment. At the same time, remove the fixing bolt 16, adjust the position of the connecting vertical plate 14, and then adjust the height of the support wheel 12 to ensure that the overall device can adjust the depth of straw crushing and mixing. In use, the drive unit moves the device, using the loosening shovel 6 to break up the soil and simultaneously remove the roots of the corn stalks. The drive unit's power output shaft 5 drives the power transmission shaft 4 to rotate, and power is output from the power output shaft 5 under the action of the reducer 3. While the power output shaft 5 rotates, it drives the mixing shaft 805 to rotate through the transmission pulley 501 and the driven pulley 804. The mixing shaft 805 then drives the mixing blade 807 to rotate, using the high-speed rotating mixing blade 807 to break up the removed corn stalks and large soil particles. The crushing process mixes soil and crushed straw simultaneously. When the position of the crushing and mixing blade 807 needs to be adjusted, the adjusting screw 814 is rotated. Under the action of the adjusting screw 814 and the intermediate rotating plate 812, the position of the crushing and mixing shaft 805 is moved within the position adjusting slide 802, thereby adjusting the position of the crushing and mixing blade 807. The center of the circle containing the position adjusting slide 802 is located on the axis of the power output shaft 5. While the position of the crushing and mixing shaft 805 is being adjusted, the belt between the drive pulley 501 and the driven pulley 804 is always kept taut. Meanwhile, the power output shaft 5 drives the transmission gear 909 to rotate through the transmission pulley 502 and the driven pulley 910. It drives the secondary crushing shaft 1004 to rotate through the transmission pulley 503 and the driven pulley 1005. With the cooperation of the transmission gear 909 and the transmission gear 911, the gripping shaft 912 rotates. The gripping shaft 912 rotates in the opposite direction to the crushing shaft 805. While the gripping shaft 912 rotates, it drives the gripping rod 917 to rotate. The gripping rod 917 grabs the uncrushed straw and throws it into the collection frame 1001. After entering the collection frame 1001, the straw slides along the lower side wall of the inclined collection frame 1001 to the position of the secondary crushing blade 1007. While the secondary crushing blade 1007 rotates, it crushes the straw in the collection frame 1001. The crushed straw is discharged from the discharge hole 1002. As the equipment frame 1 moves, the compaction cylinder 1102 rolls on the ground. During the rolling of the compaction cylinder 1102, the compaction cone 1103 pierces the broken straw into the soil. At the same time, under the action of the drive stop 1106, the impact plate 1105 is driven to rotate. When the drive stop 1106 moves to the right side of the top position, the impact plate 1105 falls from the right side under the action of gravity, thereby realizing the impact force of the compaction cylinder 1102 on the soil and achieving the auxiliary effect of soil crushing.

[0026] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing treatment device for returning to the field, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: A traction frame (2) is provided on the upper right side of the equipment frame (1). A support plate (7) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the equipment frame (1). A reducer (3) is provided above the support plate (7). A power transmission shaft (4) is connected to the input end of the reducer (3). A power output shaft (5) is connected to the output end of the reducer (3). A transmission pulley one (501), a transmission pulley two (502), and a transmission pulley three (503) are provided on the power output shaft (5). Two sets of soil breaking mechanisms are provided below the equipment frame (1). A preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism (8) is provided on the left side of the soil breaking mechanism. A grabbing mechanism (9) is provided on the left side of the preliminary crushing and mixing mechanism (8). A secondary crushing mechanism (10) is provided on the left side of the grabbing mechanism (9). The gripping mechanism (9) includes a gripping shaft (912), a fixing ring (913) is fixedly connected to the gripping shaft (912), and a plurality of connecting grooves (914) are provided on the circumferential side wall of the fixing ring (913). A hinge plate (916) is hinged to the connecting groove (914), and the left end of the hinge plate (916) abuts against the left inner wall of the connecting groove (914). An L-shaped gripping rod (917) is fixedly connected to the end of the hinge plate (916) away from the fixing ring (913). The secondary crushing mechanism (10) includes a collection frame (1001), which is L-shaped. Several matching notches (1006) are provided on the right side of the lower side wall of the collection frame (1001). The fixing ring (913) is located to the right of the matching notch (1006). The gripping rod (917) extends into the matching notch (1006) from the end away from the fixing ring (913).

2. The integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning-to-field treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the longitudinal sidewall of the collection frame (1001) are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the equipment frame (1), respectively. The right side of the lower sidewall of the equipment frame (1) is inclined upward. Two side baffles (1003) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the left side of the equipment frame (1). The rear side baffle (1003) is rotatably connected to a secondary crushing shaft (1004). The front end of the secondary crushing shaft (1004) passes through the front side baffle (1003) and is fixedly connected to a driven pulley three (1005). The driven pulley three (1005) and the transmission pulley three (503) are driven by a belt. A secondary crushing blade (1007) is fixedly connected to the sidewall of the secondary crushing shaft (1004). A material leakage hole (1002) is opened on the sidewall of the collection frame (1001). The secondary crushing blade (1007) is located in the material leakage hole (1002).

3. The integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning-to-field treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment frame (1) is fitted with transverse moving frames (901) on both the front and rear side walls. A synchronization plate (903) is provided between the two transverse moving frames (901). A top baffle (906) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the synchronization plate (903). The front and rear ends of the synchronization plate (903) are fixedly connected to the adjacent side walls of the two transverse moving frames (901), respectively. A vertical limiting frame (902) is fixedly connected to the two transverse moving frames (901) at opposite ends. A U-shaped connecting frame (904) is provided above the equipment frame (1). The lower ends of the front and rear side walls of the connecting frame (904) pass through the vertical limiting frame (902) and extend downward. The rear end of the gripping shaft (912) is rotatably connected to the rear inner wall of the connecting frame (904). The front end of the gripping shaft (912) passes through the front side wall of the connecting frame (904) and is fixedly connected to a transmission gear (911). A transmission gear is rotatably connected to the front side wall of the connecting frame (904). Wheel 1 (909), the transmission gear 1 (909) meshes with transmission gear 2 (911), the front end of the transmission gear 1 (909) is fixedly connected to driven pulley 2 (910), the driven pulley 2 (910) and the transmission pulley 2 (502) are driven by a belt, a vertical operating screw (905) is provided above the connecting frame (904), the lower end of the vertical operating screw (905) passes through the upper side wall of the connecting frame (904) and is synchronized. The upper end of the plate (903) is rotatably connected, and the right end of the synchronous plate (903) is rotatably connected to an internal threaded cylinder (908). The internal threaded cylinder (908) is internally threaded to a transverse threaded rod (907). The right end of the transverse threaded rod (907) is fixedly connected to the left end of the support plate (7). The right end of the gripping rod (917) is hinged to an elastic telescopic rod (915). The right end of the elastic telescopic rod (915) is hinged to the circumferential side wall of the fixing ring (913).

4. The integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning-to-field treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preliminary mixing mechanism (8) includes a mixing shaft (805) and two mixing side plates (801). The two mixing side plates (801) are respectively fixed below the front and rear side walls of the equipment frame (1). The mixing shaft (805) is located between the two mixing side plates (801). A connecting ring (806) is fixedly connected to the mixing shaft (805). Several mixing blades (807) are fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting ring (806). Three connecting plates (808) are rotatably connected to the mixing shaft (805). A rotating plate (812) is provided above the connecting plates (808). Auxiliary plates (809) are rotatably connected to both ends of the rotating plate (812). The auxiliary plates (809) are fixed to the inner right side of the equipment frame (1). An adjusting screw (814) is provided above the middle rotating plate (812). The lower end of the adjusting screw (814) passes through the middle rotating plate (812) and is connected to the connecting plate (808). The upper end is rotatably connected, and the adjusting screw (814) is threadedly connected to the middle rotating plate (812). The upper ends of the front and rear connecting plates (808) are fixedly connected to the limiting slide rods (811). The upper end of the limiting slide rods (811) passes through the rotating plate (812) and is fixedly connected to the top plate (810). The limiting slide rods (811) are fitted with abutting springs (813). The upper and lower ends of the abutting springs (813) abut against the adjacent side walls of the rotating plate (812) and the connecting plate (808) respectively.

5. The integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning-to-field treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: An arc-shaped position adjustment slide (802) is provided on the mixed side plate (801). A limiting slide (803) is slidably connected in the position adjustment slide (802). The rear end of the mixed shaft (805) is rotatably connected to the front end of the rear limiting slide (803). The front end of the mixed shaft (805) passes through the front limiting slide (803) and is fixedly connected to a driven pulley (804). The driven pulley (804) and the transmission pulley (501) are driven by a belt.

6. The integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning-to-field treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil breaking mechanism includes several soil loosening shovels (6), and the soil loosening shovels (6) in the two sets of soil breaking mechanisms are staggered. The upper end of the soil loosening shovel (6) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the equipment frame (1).

7. The integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning-to-field treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An auxiliary rolling mechanism (11) is provided on the left side of the equipment frame (1). The auxiliary rolling mechanism (11) includes a rolling cylinder (1102). Both ends of the rolling cylinder (1102) are hinged with traction plates (1101). The upper end of the traction plate (1101) is hinged to the left end of the equipment frame (1). Several rolling cones (1103) are provided on the outer wall of the rolling cylinder (1102).

8. The integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning-to-field treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: An impact plate (1105) is provided inside the rolling cylinder (1102). A connecting shaft (1104) and a drive stop rod (1106) are fixedly connected to the rear inner wall of the rolling cylinder (1102). The front end of the connecting shaft (1104) passes through the impact plate (1105) and is fixedly connected to the front inner wall of the rolling cylinder (1102). A drive slide (1107) is provided on the impact plate (1105), and the drive stop rod (1106) is located inside the drive slide (1107).

9. The integrated corn stalk crushing and mixing and returning-to-field treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the equipment frame (1) are fixedly connected to a fixed outer frame (13). A connecting vertical plate (14) is slidably connected to the inner side of the fixed outer frame (13). Several position adjustment holes (15) are opened on the connecting vertical plate (14). A fixing bolt (16) is provided on the side of the fixed outer frame (13) away from the equipment frame (1). The end of the fixing bolt (16) near the equipment frame (1) passes through the side wall of the fixed outer frame (13) away from the equipment frame (1) and the position adjustment hole (15) in sequence. The end of the fixing bolt (16) near the equipment frame (1) is threadedly connected to the side wall of the fixed outer frame (13) near the equipment. The two connecting vertical plates (14) are rotatably connected to support wheels (12) on the side away from each other.

10. A method for integrated treatment of corn stalks by crushing and mixing and returning them to the field, applied to the integrated treatment device for crushing and mixing corn stalks and returning them to the field as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Power input: Connect the power transmission shaft (4) to the power output end of the tractor. After the power is reduced and increased in torque by the reducer (3), the power output shaft (5) simultaneously drives the transmission pulley one (501), transmission pulley two (502) and transmission pulley three (503) to rotate, which respectively drive the primary crushing and mixing mechanism (8), the grabbing mechanism (9) and the secondary crushing mechanism (10) to operate synchronously. S2, breaking soil and initial crushing: The equipment frame (1) moves forward under traction, and the loosening shovel (6) loosens and digs up the corn stubble and residual straw in the soil. The turned-up material enters the initial crushing mechanism (8), and the crushing blade (807) rotates with the crushing shaft (805) to cut and crush the material for the first time and mix it with the soil. S3, grabbing and conveying: The material after preliminary crushing and mixing is conveyed to the grabbing mechanism (9). The grabbing shaft (912) drives the fixed ring (913) to rotate. The hinge plate (916) is thrown outward under the action of centrifugal force and drives the L-shaped grabbing rod (917) to unfold, grabbing the material and throwing it into the collection frame (1001) of the secondary crushing mechanism (10). S4, Secondary crushing: The material falling into the collection frame (1001) slides along the L-shaped collection frame (1001) to the material leakage hole (1002). The secondary crushing shaft (1004) drives the secondary crushing blade (1007) to rotate at high speed, and performs secondary fine crushing on the material. The crushed material is discharged through the material leakage hole (1002) and scattered in the field. S5, Compaction and Return to Field: The material discharged after secondary crushing is compacted by the auxiliary compaction mechanism (11). While the compaction cylinder (1102) is rolling, the compaction cone (1103) compacts the crushed straw fragments with the surface soil, thus completing the crushing and returning to field operation.

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