A combined operation equipment for rice transplanting with plastic film covering

Abstract

This invention discloses a combined rice mulching and transplanting operation equipment, comprising a machine frame, a driving device, a transplanting device, a mulching device, a fertilizer tank, a control lever, and a motor. The mulching device is installed at the rear of the frame, below the transplanting device, and includes a punching mechanism, a film-cutting blade, and a film-cutting blade lifting control mechanism. The transplanting device is located above the mulching device, and the fertilizer tank is located behind it. During operation, the mulching device sequentially lays, flattens, and presses the edges of the mulch film; the punching mechanism forms transplanting holes in the mulch film; the transplanting device inserts seedlings into the holes, and the fertilizer tank simultaneously applies fertilizer to the roots. A stepper motor adjusts the punching speed to match the punching frequency with the transplanting frequency. The control lever controls the motor via a cable, which in turn controls the film-cutting blade lifting mechanism, achieving a hybrid mechanical-electrical control for the film-cutting operation. This invention integrates mulching, punching, transplanting, and fertilization, simplifying the planting process and improving operational efficiency and seedling survival rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular relates to a combined operation equipment for rice mulching and transplanting. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is an important food crop in my country, but traditional rice cultivation presents numerous environmental problems. In the southern rice-growing areas, abundant rainfall allows chemical fertilizers and pesticides to easily enter water bodies through surface runoff, leading to eutrophication. Nitrogen fertilizer utilization in paddy fields is only about 40%, resulting in significant waste and water pollution. On the other hand, traditional weeding methods rely on chemical herbicides, posing a threat to water bodies and ecosystems, while manual weeding is costly and inefficient.

[0003] Chinese patent CN202323602380.X proposes a rice mulching device, which focuses on the functions of mulching and mechanically cutting the film, but lacks a good perforation function. A perforation device can ensure the growth space and survival rate of seedlings, enhance the adhesion between the mulch film and the soil, and strengthen the effects of physical weed suppression, moisture retention and soil warming.

[0004] Therefore, developing a combined operation equipment that integrates mulching, punching, transplanting, and fertilization is an important direction for improving the mechanization level of rice planting, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and protecting the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a combined operation equipment for rice mulching and transplanting. This equipment integrates mulching, perforation, transplanting, and fertilization, enabling the sequential completion of mulch film laying, perforation on the film, transplanting, and root fertilization in a single operation. This simplifies the planting process and improves the efficiency of mechanized rice cultivation and agronomic quality.

[0006] Note that the description of these objectives does not preclude the existence of other objectives. One aspect of the invention does not require achieving all of the above objectives. Objectives other than those described above can be extracted from the description, drawings, and claims.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0008] A combined operation equipment for rice transplanting with mulch film includes a machine frame, a driving device, a transplanting device, a mulch film covering device, a fertilizer box, a control lever, and a motor;

[0009] The driving device is mounted at the front end of the machine frame;

[0010] The mulching device is installed at the rear end of the machine frame and located below the rice transplanting device; the mulching device includes a film cutting blade, a film cutting blade lifting control mechanism, and a punching mechanism; the film cutting blade is connected to the film cutting blade lifting control mechanism, and the punching mechanism is used to form rice transplanting holes in the mulch film;

[0011] The rice transplanting device is installed on the machine frame and is located above the mulching device;

[0012] The fertilizer box is installed on the machine frame and located behind the rice transplanter;

[0013] The control lever is mounted on the driving device;

[0014] The motor is mounted on the machine frame and connected to the control lever;

[0015] The motor is also connected to the film cutting blade lifting control mechanism in the film coating device, and is used to control the film cutting blade to perform film cutting operations.

[0016] In the above scheme, the film coating device also includes a film coating frame, springs, film hanging rollers, edge pressing mechanism, film spreading rollers, and stepper motors;

[0017] The film coating frame is connected to the main machine frame;

[0018] The film-coating roller, the film-spreading roller, and the perforation mechanism are respectively mounted on the film-coating machine frame; the film-spreading roller is located between the film-coating roller and the perforation mechanism; the film-coating roller is located in front of the perforation mechanism; the perforation mechanism is located behind the film-spreading roller;

[0019] The edge pressing mechanism is disposed on both sides of the film spreading roller;

[0020] The spring is located above the film-cutting blade, with one end connected to the film-coating frame and the other end connected to the film-cutting blade;

[0021] The film cutting knife lifting control mechanism is arranged side by side with the spring and is located above the film cutting blade; one end of the film cutting knife lifting control mechanism is connected to the film coating machine frame, and the other end is connected to the film cutting blade;

[0022] The stepper motor is located next to the drilling mechanism, and the output shaft of the stepper motor is connected to the drilling mechanism.

[0023] Furthermore, the drilling mechanism includes a drilling spike, a drilling wheel, and a rotating shaft;

[0024] The roller shaft is mounted on the film coating machine frame and connected to the output shaft of the stepper motor;

[0025] The punching wheel is mounted on the gear shaft;

[0026] The circumference of the punching wheel is provided with multiple punching spikes.

[0027] Furthermore, the film cutting knife lifting control mechanism includes a lifting platform, a lifting guide rod, a front end, and a film cutting motor;

[0028] The front end is fixedly connected to the film-coating machine frame; one end of the lifting guide rod is connected to the front end, and the other end of the lifting guide rod is connected to one end of the lifting platform; the other end of the lifting platform is connected to the film-cutting blade; the output shaft of the film-cutting motor is connected to the lifting platform, and the film-cutting motor drives the lifting platform to move up and down along the lifting guide rod, thereby driving the film-cutting blade to move up and down.

[0029] Furthermore, the pressing mechanism includes a pressing shaft and a pressing wheel;

[0030] One end of the pressing shaft is connected to the film-coating machine frame, and the other end is connected to the pressing wheel, which is located below the pressing shaft.

[0031] Furthermore, the film-attaching roller includes a film-attaching wheel and a film-attaching shaft; the film-attaching shaft is located inside the film-attaching wheel, and the film-attaching wheel is used to install mulch film.

[0032] Furthermore, the stepper motor adjusts the rotational speed frequency of the punching mechanism to match the operating frequency of the inserting claw mechanism of the rice transplanting device.

[0033] In the above scheme, the rice transplanting device includes a seedling tray, a main tray, a transplanting claw mechanism, and a rice transplanting frame;

[0034] The transplanting frame is installed on the machine frame, the seedling tray, the main tray and the transplanting claw mechanism are installed on the transplanting frame, and the main tray is installed at the rear end of the seedling tray, and the transplanting claw mechanism is located behind the main tray.

[0035] The seedling insertion mechanism includes a mechanism frame, seedling claws, and a structural gear; the mechanism frame is mounted on the seedling insertion frame; the seedling claws are oscillatingly mounted on the front end of the mechanism frame; the structural gears are rotatably mounted on the mechanism frame and located behind the seedling claws; the structural gears are connected to the seedling claws for driving the seedling claws to oscillate for picking up seedlings and inserting them.

[0036] In the above scheme, the driving device includes a control panel, a seat, and a chassis;

[0037] The chassis is mounted on the machine frame; the control panel is located above the chassis; the seat is located behind the control panel and mounted on the chassis.

[0038] The above solution also includes a cable tray; the motor is connected to the control lever via the cable tray.

[0039] The motor is also connected to the film-cutting blade lifting control mechanism in the film-coating device via a cable, and is used to control the film-cutting blade to perform film-cutting operations.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0041] The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment provided by this invention integrates mulching, hole punching, transplanting, and fertilization into one system, effectively...

[0042] Simplify the planting process and improve the level of mechanization and overall production efficiency in rice cultivation.

[0043] This invention, by incorporating a perforation mechanism, creates planting holes in the plastic film after mulching, thus ensuring sufficient growing space for the seedlings.

[0044] This improves the survival rate and enhances the adhesion between the mulch film and the soil, reducing water and fertilizer loss.

[0045] This invention uses a stepper motor to adjust the drilling speed, matching the drilling frequency with the transplanting frequency, thus achieving precise planting and avoiding [the need for other methods].

[0046] To prevent misalignment or omissions.

[0047] This invention employs a mechanical-electric hybrid control film cutting system, allowing operators to control the raising and lowering of the film cutting blade using a joystick.

[0048] The lowering mechanism facilitates quick cutting of the plastic film at the end of the field, and a spring-loaded shock absorber protects the blade and mechanism.

[0049] This invention's fertilizer box, used in conjunction with mulch film, applies fertilizer directly to the root zone, reducing fertilizer leaching and volatilization, and improving fertilizer efficiency.

[0050] Avoid the problem of weeds competing for fertilizer due to surface fertilization.

[0051] Note that the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. One aspect of the invention does not necessarily have to have all of them.

[0052] The effects described above are obvious from the description, drawings, claims, etc., and effects other than those described above can be extracted. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is an assembly drawing of a rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a rice transplanting device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the seedling claw mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 5This is a structural diagram of a coating mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 6 This is a side view of the coating mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a punching mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 8 This is a front view of the cutting knife lifting control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the pressing mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 10 This is a rear structural diagram of the film cutting knife lifting control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of a film-coating roller according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] In the diagram: 1-Driving device, 2-Transplanting device, 3-Mulching device, 4-Fertilizer box, 5-Control lever, 6-Motor, 7-Cylinder cable; 101-Control panel, 102-Seat, 103-Chassis; 201-Seedling tray, 202-Main panel, 203-Transplanting claw mechanism, 204-Transplanting frame; 2031-Seedling claw, 2032-Structural gear, 2033-Mechanism frame; 301-Mulching blade, 302-Spring, 303-Mulching knife Lifting control mechanism, 304-film mounting roller, 305-punching mechanism, 306-edge pressing mechanism, 307-film spreading roller, 308-stepper motor; 3051-punching spike, 3052-punching wheel, 3053-hanging wheel shaft; 3061-edge pressing shaft, 3062-edge pressing wheel; 3031-lifting platform, 3032-lifting guide rod, 3033-front end, 3034-film cutting motor; 3041-film mounting wheel, 3042-film mounting shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0065] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0066] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0067] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, this is a preferred embodiment of the rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment of the present invention. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment includes a machine frame, a driving device 1, a transplanting device 2, a mulching device 3, a fertilizer box 4, a control lever 5, and a motor 6.

[0069] The driving device 1 is installed at the front end of the machine frame and is used by the driver to control the movement of the machine. The mulching device 3 is installed at the rear end of the machine frame and is located below the transplanting device 2. The mulching device 3 includes a mulching blade 301, a mulching blade lifting control mechanism 303, and a punching mechanism 305. The mulching blade 301 is connected to the mulching blade lifting control mechanism 303, and the punching mechanism 305 is used to form transplanting holes in the mulch film. The transplanting device 2 is installed on the machine frame and is located above the mulching device 3. The fertilizer box 4 is installed on the machine frame and is located below the mulching device 3. The rear of the rice transplanter 2 is used to apply fertilizer to the roots of the rice seedlings; the bottom of the fertilizer box 4 is equipped with a fertilizer discharge device, which is connected to the fertilizer motor; the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharge device is connected to the furrow opener through a fertilizer delivery pipe, and the furrow opener is installed at the rear of the rice transplanter 2 to open fertilizer furrows on the side of the roots of the rice seedlings; the control lever 5 is set on the driving device 1; the motor 6 is installed on the machine frame and connected to the control lever 5; the motor 6 is also connected to the film cutting blade lifting control mechanism 303 in the film covering device 3 to control the lifting and lowering of the film cutting blade 301 to perform the film cutting operation.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, the driving device 1 includes an operating panel 101, a seat 102, and a chassis 103; the chassis 103 is mounted on the machine frame; the operating panel 101 is located above the chassis 103 and is used to control the movement of the machine; the seat 102 is located behind the operating panel 101 and is mounted on the chassis 103 for the driver to sit on.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, the rice transplanting device 2 includes a seedling tray 201, a main tray 202, a transplanting claw mechanism 203, and a rice transplanting frame 204. The rice transplanting frame 204 is mounted on the machine frame, and the seedling tray 201, the main tray 202, and the transplanting claw mechanism 203 are mounted on the rice transplanting frame 204. The main tray 202 is mounted at the rear end of the seedling tray 201, and the transplanting claw mechanism 203 is located behind the main tray 202.

[0072] like Figure 4 As shown, the seedling insertion mechanism 203 includes a mechanism frame 2033, a seedling claw 2031, and a structural gear 2032. The mechanism frame 2033 is mounted on the seedling insertion frame 204. The seedling claw 2031 is oscillatingly mounted on the front end of the mechanism frame 2033. The structural gear 2032 is rotatably mounted on the mechanism frame 2033 and located behind the seedling claw 2031. The structural gear 2032 is connected to the seedling claw 2031 in a transmission manner. When the structural gear 2032 rotates, it drives the seedling claw 2031 to swing, thereby taking seedlings from the main plate 202 and inserting them downward into the pre-drilled holes in the mulch film.

[0073] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, the laminating device 3 further includes a laminating frame, a film cutting blade 301, a spring 302, a film hanging roller 304, a pressing mechanism 306, a spreading roller 307, and a stepper motor 308; the laminating frame is connected to the main frame; the film hanging roller 304, the spreading roller 307, and the punching mechanism 305 are respectively mounted on the laminating frame; the spreading roller 307 is located between the film hanging roller 304 and the punching mechanism 305; the film hanging roller 304 is located in front of the punching mechanism 305; the punching mechanism 305 is located behind the spreading roller 307; the pressing mechanism 306 is disposed on both sides of the spreading roller 307. The side is used to press the edge of the mulch film into the soil; the spring 302 is located above the film-cutting blade 301, one end of the spring 302 is connected to the mulching machine frame, and the other end is connected to the film-cutting blade 301; the film-cutting blade lifting control mechanism 303 is arranged side by side with the spring 302 and is located above the film-cutting blade 301; one end of the film-cutting blade lifting control mechanism 303 is connected to the mulching machine frame, and the other end is connected to the film-cutting blade 301; the stepper motor 308 is located beside the punching mechanism 305, and the output shaft of the stepper motor 308 is connected to the punching mechanism 305 to drive the punching mechanism 305 to rotate and punch holes. The speed of the stepper motor 308 is adjustable, preferably within the range of 50-200Hz, so that the punching frequency of the punching mechanism 305 is consistent with the transplanting frequency of the transplanting claw mechanism 203 of the transplanting device 2, ensuring that each hole corresponds to one transplanting.

[0074] like Figure 7 As shown, the perforating mechanism 305 includes perforating spikes 3051, a perforating wheel 3052, and a hanging wheel shaft 3053. The hanging wheel shaft 3053 is mounted on the mulching machine frame and connected to the output shaft of the stepper motor 308. The perforating wheel 3052 is mounted on the hanging wheel shaft 3053. Multiple perforating spikes 3051 are arranged on the circumference of the perforating wheel 3052. In this embodiment, four perforating spikes 3051 are evenly arranged on the circumference of the perforating wheel 3052. When the perforating wheel rotates, the perforating spikes 3051 periodically puncture the mulch film, forming planting holes.

[0075] like Figure 8As shown, the film-cutting blade lifting control mechanism 303 includes a lifting platform 3031, a lifting guide rod 3032, a front end 3033, and a film-cutting motor 3034. The front end 3033 is fixedly connected to the laminating machine frame. One end of the lifting guide rod 3032 is connected to the front end 3033, and the other end of the lifting guide rod 3032 is connected to one end of the lifting platform 3031. The other end of the lifting platform 3031 is connected to the film-cutting blade 301. The output shaft of the film-cutting motor 3034 is connected to the lifting platform 3031. The film-cutting motor 3034 drives the lifting platform 3031 to move up and down along the lifting guide rod 3032, thereby driving the film-cutting blade 301 to move up and down, thus completing the film-cutting action. The spring 302 is compressed when the film-cutting blade 301 contacts the ground, absorbing impact energy and protecting the blade and the mechanism.

[0076] like Figure 9 and 10 As shown, the pressing mechanism 306 includes a pressing shaft 3061 and a pressing wheel 3062; one end of the pressing shaft 3061 is connected to the laminating machine frame, and the pressing wheel 3062 is rotatably mounted on the other end of the pressing shaft 3061, with the pressing wheel 3062 located below the pressing shaft 3061.

[0077] like Figure 11 As shown, the film-attaching roller 304 includes a film-attaching wheel 3041 and a film-attaching shaft 3042; the film-attaching shaft 3042 is located inside the film-attaching wheel 3041, and the film-attaching wheel 3041 is used to install the mulch film. After the mulch film is drawn out from the film-attaching wheel 3041, it is flattened by the film-spreading roller 307, then punched by the punching mechanism 305, and finally pressed by the edge-pressing mechanism 306.

[0078] The stepper motor 308 adjusts the rotational frequency of the punching mechanism 305 to match the operating frequency of the insertion claw mechanism 203 of the rice transplanting device 2.

[0079] To achieve the operations of drilling, transplanting, and fertilizing, this embodiment also includes a controller and a speed sensor. The speed sensor is mounted on the travel wheel axle of the machine frame and is used to detect the travel speed of the equipment in real time. The controller is electrically connected to the speed sensor, the stepper motor 308, the fertilizing motor, and the drive system of the transplanting device 2. Based on the travel speed detected by the speed sensor and the preset transplanting spacing, the controller calculates the transplanting frequency in real time and controls the stepper motor 308 to adjust the rotation speed of the drilling mechanism 305, ensuring that the drilling frequency matches the transplanting frequency. Simultaneously, based on the travel speed and the preset basic fertilization amount, the controller calculates the target rotation speed required for the fertilizer applicator in real time and controls the fertilizing motor to drive the fertilizer applicator to rotate, allowing the actual fertilization amount to dynamically adjust with the vehicle speed, which helps maintain a constant fertilization amount per unit area. This achieves integrated operation of mulching, drilling, transplanting, and fertilizing.

[0080] The spacing between rice seedlings can be adjusted using mechanical methods known in the art, according to agronomic requirements. For example, it can be adjusted by a gear shift lever on the gearbox of the transplanting device 2, changing the transmission ratio by replacing the spacing gear or drive sprocket, or by adjusting the spacing using a gearbox located between the traveling box and the working box. These adjustment methods are all commonly used techniques in the art, and this embodiment is not limited to them. Before operation, the spacing between rice seedlings and the amount of fertilizer applied per unit area are preset according to agronomic requirements such as rice variety and planting density.

[0081] The motor 6 is connected to the control lever 5 via the cable 7; the motor 6 is also connected to the film cutting blade lifting control mechanism 303 in the film covering device 3 via the cable 7, for controlling the film cutting blade 301 to perform film cutting operation.

[0082] Homework process:

[0083] Before operation, the plastic film roll is installed on the film-hanging wheel 3041 of the film-hanging roller 304. The end of the plastic film is pulled out, passed around the film-spreading roller 307 and below the perforation mechanism 305, and placed on the ground. Seedlings are placed on the seedling tray 201. Fertilizer is added to the fertilizer box 4. The planting spacing and fertilizer application rate per unit area are preset according to agronomic requirements. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a plant spacing speed adjustment handle, which is known in the art, is used to adjust the planting spacing. The plant spacing speed adjustment handle can be set on the gearbox of the transplanting device 2. The plant spacing speed adjustment handle is connected to the shift fork and the plant spacing changing sliding gear inside the gearbox. Different gears of the handle correspond to the sliding gear meshing with fixed gears with different numbers of teeth, thereby changing the driving speed of the transplanting mechanism and obtaining different planting spacings. The driver can obtain the required plant spacing by shifting the handle to the corresponding gear. The fertilizer application rate is adjusted using a conventional adjustment knob and valve. The adjustment valve is located at the bottom of the fertilizer tank 4. The adjustment knob is linked to the adjustment valve; rotating the knob changes the effective opening of the fertilizer outlet, thus setting the basic fertilizer application rate. The operator can set the desired fertilizer application rate by rotating the knob to the corresponding mark. The methods of adjusting the plant spacing with the plant spacing shift lever and controlling the fertilizer application rate with the adjustment knob are common knowledge in the art, and those skilled in the art can understand and implement them based on the above description.

[0084] The operator starts the equipment, and the driving device 1 propels the entire machine forward. The film-laying roller 304 releases the mulch film, the film-spreading roller 307 flattens the film, and the edge-pressing mechanism 306 presses the edges of the film into the soil. The controller receives signals from the speed sensor in real time and calculates the target transplanting frequency and the fertilizer motor speed. The controller controls the stepper motor 308 to drive the punching mechanism 305 to rotate, and the punching spikes 3051 periodically form transplanting holes on the mulch film, with the punching frequency matching the transplanting frequency. Simultaneously, the controller controls the fertilizer motor to drive the fertilizer applicator to rotate, and fertilizer is transported through the fertilizer delivery pipe to the furrow opener, where it is applied into the soil beside the seedling roots.

[0085] The transplanting claw mechanism 203 of the rice transplanting device 2 takes seedlings from the main plate 202 and inserts them into the holes pre-formed by the punching mechanism.

[0086] When a row of operations reaches the end of the field, the driver operates the control lever 5. The control lever 5, via the cable 7, starts the motor 6. The motor 6, in turn, via the cable 7, controls the cutting motor 3034 of the film-cutting blade lifting control mechanism 303, driving the lifting platform 3031 down along the lifting guide rod 3032, causing the cutting blade 301 to cut the plastic film downwards. The spring 302 is compressed, absorbing the impact. After cutting, the cutting motor 3034 reverses, the lifting platform 3031 rises, and the cutting blade 301 returns to its original position. The equipment can then be turned around to begin the next row of operations.

[0087] The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment provided by this invention integrates the driving device 1, transplanting device 2, mulching device 3, fertilizer box 4, control lever 5, motor 6, and cable tray 7 onto a single machine frame. The mulching device 3 is equipped with a film-cutting blade 301, a film-cutting blade lifting control mechanism 303, and a punching mechanism 305, achieving integrated operation of mulching, punching, transplanting, and fertilization. Compared with existing technologies, this equipment can complete mulch film laying, film punching, seedling transplanting, and root fertilization in a single operation, avoiding the cumbersome process of multiple operations with multiple machines, and significantly improving the mechanization level and operational efficiency of rice planting. Simultaneously, the control lever 5, via the cable tray 7, controls the motor 6, which in turn controls the film-cutting blade lifting control mechanism 303, achieving a mechanical-electric hybrid control for film cutting. This design is simple in structure, reliable in response, and facilitates rapid cutting of the mulch film at the end of the field.

[0088] The film-laying device 3 comprises a film-attaching roller 304, a film-spreading roller 307, and a perforating mechanism 305, which are sequentially mounted on the film-laying frame. The film-spreading roller 307 is located between the film-attaching roller 304 and the perforating mechanism 305, ensuring continuous and smooth operation of the mulch film from release and flattening to perforation. The edge-pressing mechanism 306 is located on both sides of the film-spreading roller 307, pressing the edge of the mulch film into the soil, enhancing the adhesion between the mulch film and the ground, effectively inhibiting weed growth and reducing water evaporation. One end of the spring 302 is connected to the film-laying frame, and the other end is connected to the film-cutting blade 301, which can absorb impact energy during film cutting and protect the blade and lifting mechanism. The stepper motor 308 is directly connected to the perforating mechanism 305, providing independent and reliable power for perforation. These structural optimizations ensure the stability and reliability of the film-laying operation.

[0089] The perforating mechanism 305 has a hanging wheel shaft 3053 mounted on the mulching machine frame and connected to the output shaft of the stepper motor 308. A perforating wheel 3052 is mounted on the hanging wheel shaft 3053, and multiple (preferably four) perforating spikes 3051 are arranged on the circumference of the perforating wheel 3052. This structure allows the perforating spikes 3051 to periodically puncture the mulch film when the stepper motor 308 drives the perforating wheel 3052 to rotate, forming uniform planting holes. The perforating wheel 3052 and the stepper motor 308 are coaxially driven, resulting in high transmission efficiency and controllable perforation pitch. This allows the perforation frequency to be changed by adjusting the speed of the stepper motor 308, thus matching the planting frequency.

[0090] The front end 3033 of the film-cutting blade lifting control mechanism 303 is fixed to the film-coating machine frame. A lifting guide rod 3032 connects the front end 3033 to the lifting platform 3031. The lifting platform 3031 is connected to the film-cutting blade 301, and the output shaft of the film-cutting motor 3034 is connected to the lifting platform 3031. The film-cutting motor 3034 drives the lifting platform 3031 to move up and down along the lifting guide rod 3032, thereby raising and lowering the film-cutting blade 301. This structure achieves linear reciprocating motion of the film-cutting blade 301, ensuring smooth movement and precise guidance. Combined with the buffer spring 302, it can cleanly and efficiently cut the plastic film while protecting the mechanism and extending the equipment's service life.

[0091] The edge-pressing mechanism 306 has an edge-pressing shaft 3061 connected to the mulching machine frame at one end, and an edge-pressing wheel 3062 rotatably mounted at the other end, with the wheel 3062 located below the shaft 3061. This structure allows the edge-pressing wheel 3062 to roll as the equipment moves forward, continuously pressing the edge of the mulch film into the soil, ensuring effective edge pressing while reducing mulch film wear. The rotatable mounting of the edge-pressing wheel 3062 reduces frictional resistance with the ground, improving operational smoothness.

[0092] The film-mounting shaft 3042 of the defined film-mounting roller 304 is located inside the film-mounting wheel 3041, on which the mulch film is mounted. This built-in shaft structure allows the mulch film roll to rotate freely for unloading. The film-mounting wheel 3041 acts as a support roller, resulting in low unloading resistance and preventing the film roll from shifting, thus ensuring the uniformity and stability of the mulch film unloading.

[0093] The stepper motor 308 adjusts the rotational frequency of the punching mechanism 305 to match the operating frequency of the planting claw mechanism 203 of the transplanting device 2. This feature enables punching and transplanting: for each hole formed by the punching mechanism 305, the planting claw mechanism 203 inserts a seedling into the hole, avoiding the phenomenon of "planting without holes" or "planting without seedlings in holes" caused by frequency mismatch, thus ensuring the survival rate and transplanting quality of the seedlings, while also avoiding the problem of weed growth caused by ineffective holes in the mulch film.

[0094] The transplanting frame 204 of the defined transplanting device 2 is mounted on the machine frame. The seedling tray 201, the main tray 202, and the transplanting claw mechanism 203 are sequentially mounted on the transplanting frame 204. The main tray 202 is located at the rear end of the seedling tray 201, and the transplanting claw mechanism 203 is located behind the main tray 202. In the transplanting claw mechanism 203, the mechanism frame 2033 is mounted on the transplanting frame 204, the seedling claw 2031 is oscillatingly mounted on the front end of the mechanism frame 2033, and the structural gear 2032 is rotatably mounted on the mechanism frame 2033 and connected to the seedling claw 2031 for transmission. This structure realizes a complete action chain from seedling supply from the seedling tray 201, through the main tray 202, to seedling removal and transplanting from the transplanting claw mechanism 203. The structural gear 2032 drives the seedling claw 2031 to oscillate, ensuring reliable operation, accurate seedling removal, and guaranteeing transplanting quality.

[0095] The chassis 103 of the driving device 1 is mounted on the machine frame, the control panel 101 is located above the chassis 103, and the seat 102 is located behind the control panel 101 and mounted on the chassis 103. This layout is compact and reasonable, providing the driver with a comfortable operating environment while ensuring the stability of the machine's center of gravity, which is conducive to improving operational safety and work accuracy.

[0096] The mechanical connection between the control lever 5 and the motor 6, and between the motor 6 and the film-cutting knife lifting control mechanism 303, is achieved through the cable 7, forming a complete film-cutting control system. Compared with a purely electric control system, this mechanical-electric hybrid control method has a simpler structure, lower cost, stronger anti-interference ability, and higher reliability in harsh field environments. Operators only need to pull the control lever 5 to activate the motor 6 via the cable 7, thereby controlling the film-cutting knife lifting control mechanism 303 to complete the film cutting. The operation is intuitive and responsive, reducing operational difficulty and labor intensity.

[0097] Variation Example

[0098] This invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. For example, the number of perforating spikes can be multiple (e.g., 3, 4, or 6); the speed adjustment range of the stepper motor can be set according to the actual plant spacing requirements; other elastic elements can also be used for the spring; the film-cutting knife lifting control mechanism can use a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder instead of the film-cutting motor. The controller can be a microcontroller (e.g., STM32 series) or a programmable logic controller (PLC), and the speed sensor can be a rotary encoder or a GPS / BeiDou positioning module. These simple substitutions are all within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0099] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0100] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0101] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific illustrations of feasible embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined operation equipment for rice transplanting with mulch film, characterized in that, It includes the machine frame, driving device (1), rice transplanting device (2), mulching device (3), fertilizer box (4), control lever (5) and motor (6); The driving device (1) is installed at the front end of the machine frame; The mulching device (3) is installed at the rear end of the machine frame and is located below the transplanting device (2); the mulching device (3) includes a film cutting blade (301), a film cutting blade lifting control mechanism (303), and a punching mechanism (305); the film cutting blade (301) is connected to the film cutting blade lifting control mechanism (303), and the punching mechanism (305) is used to form transplanting holes on the mulch film; The rice transplanting device (2) is installed on the machine frame and located above the film covering device (3); The fertilizer box (4) is installed on the machine frame and is located behind the rice transplanting device (2); The control lever (5) is mounted on the driving device (1); The motor (6) is mounted on the frame of the machine and connected to the control lever (5); The motor (6) is also connected to the film cutting blade lifting control mechanism (303) in the film covering device (3) to control the film cutting blade (301) to perform film cutting operation.

2. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The film coating device (3) also includes a film coating frame, a spring (302), a film hanging roller (304), a pressing mechanism (306), a film spreading roller (307), and a stepper motor (308). The film coating frame is connected to the main machine frame; The film-coating roller (304), the film-spreading roller (307), and the perforating mechanism (305) are respectively mounted on the film-coating machine frame; the film-spreading roller (307) is located between the film-coating roller (304) and the perforating mechanism (305); the film-coating roller (304) is located in front of the perforating mechanism (305); the perforating mechanism (305) is located behind the film-spreading roller (307); The edge pressing mechanism (306) is disposed on both sides of the film spreading roller (307); The spring (302) is located above the film cutting blade (301), one end of the spring (302) is connected to the film coating machine frame, and the other end is connected to the film cutting blade (301); The film cutting knife lifting control mechanism (303) is arranged side by side with the spring (302) and is located above the film cutting blade (301); one end of the film cutting knife lifting control mechanism (303) is connected to the film covering machine frame and the other end is connected to the film cutting blade (301); The stepper motor (308) is located beside the drilling mechanism (305), and the output shaft of the stepper motor (308) is connected to the drilling mechanism (305).

3. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drilling mechanism (305) includes a drilling spike (3051), a drilling wheel (3052), and a pulley shaft (3053). The roller shaft (3053) is mounted on the film coating machine frame and connected to the output shaft of the stepper motor (308); The perforating wheel (3052) is mounted on the gear shaft (3053); The circumference of the punching wheel (3052) is provided with a plurality of punching spikes (3051).

4. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The film cutting knife lifting control mechanism (303) includes a lifting platform (3031), a lifting guide rod (3032), a front end (3033), and a film cutting motor (3034). The front end (3033) is fixedly connected to the film coating machine frame; one end of the lifting guide rod (3032) is connected to the front end (3033), and the other end of the lifting guide rod (3032) is connected to one end of the lifting platform (3031); the other end of the lifting platform (3031) is connected to the film cutting blade (301); the output shaft of the film cutting motor (3034) is connected to the lifting platform (3031), and the film cutting motor (3034) drives the lifting platform (3031) to move up and down along the lifting guide rod (3032), thereby driving the film cutting blade (301) to move up and down.

5. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressing mechanism (306) includes a pressing shaft (3061) and a pressing wheel (3062). One end of the pressing shaft (3061) is connected to the film-coating machine frame, and the other end is connected to the pressing wheel (3062). The pressing wheel (3062) is located below the pressing shaft (3061).

6. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The film-attaching roller (304) includes a film-attaching wheel (3041) and a film-attaching shaft (3042); the film-attaching shaft (3042) is located inside the film-attaching wheel (3041), and the film-attaching wheel (3041) is used to install mulch film.

7. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The stepper motor (308) adjusts the rotational frequency of the punching mechanism (305) to match the operating frequency of the insertion claw mechanism (203) of the rice transplanting device (2).

8. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rice transplanting device (2) includes a seedling tray (201), a main tray (202), a transplanting claw mechanism (203), and a rice transplanting frame (204). The transplanting frame (204) is installed on the machine frame, the seedling tray (201), the main tray (202) and the inserting claw mechanism (203) are installed on the transplanting frame (204), and the main tray (202) is installed at the rear end of the seedling tray (201), and the inserting claw mechanism (203) is located behind the main tray (202); The seedling insertion mechanism (203) includes a mechanism frame (2033), a seedling claw (2031), and a structural gear (2032); the mechanism frame (2033) is mounted on the transplanting frame (204); the seedling claw (2031) is oscillatingly mounted on the front end of the mechanism frame (2033); the structural gear (2032) is rotatably mounted on the mechanism frame (2033) and located on the rear side of the seedling claw (2031); the structural gear (2032) is connected to the seedling claw (2031) for driving the seedling claw (2031) to oscillate for picking seedlings and transplanting.

9. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving device (1) includes a control panel (101), a seat (102), and a chassis (103). The chassis (103) is mounted on the machine frame; the control panel (101) is located above the chassis (103); the seat (102) is located behind the control panel (101) and mounted on the chassis (103).

10. The rice mulching and transplanting combined operation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a cable (7); the motor (6) is connected to the control lever (5) via the cable (7); The motor (6) is also connected to the film cutting blade lifting control mechanism (303) in the film covering device (3) via the box wire (7) to control the film cutting blade (301) to perform film cutting operation.

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