A method to solve the problem of pithy core in guava fruit during spring

Abstract

This invention provides a method for solving the problem of hollow core in guava fruit during spring, belonging to the field of fruit tree cultivation technology. The method involves pruning fruiting branches back to two pairs of leaves at the fruiting node, and pruning non-fruiting vegetative branches back to three to five pairs of leaves. 25-35 days after pruning, weak and excessive branches are removed from the fruiting branches. 50-55 days after pruning, each fruiting tree retains 100-160 fruits. 50-60 days after flowering, when the young fruit is 2-3 cm in diameter, bagging begins. In late February, when the spring shoots have grown to 3-5 pairs of leaves and are 10-15 cm long, the shoots are pinched back, leaving two pairs of leaves. 20-25 days after pinching, when new buds have just sprouted to 3-5 cm, all newly sprouted buds are removed. This invention controls spring shoot growth through two pruning cycles, while simultaneously increasing nutrient supply to the roots and leaves, promoting normal fruit growth and development in spring, significantly reducing the hollow core rate of guava fruit in spring, increasing spring fruit yield and improving quality, thereby improving economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for solving the problem of hollow core in guava fruits in spring. Background Technology

[0002] Guava, also known as guava fruit, is cultivated in my country for a long time. Guava fruit is rich in vitamin C, pectin, and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and iron. It also contains large amounts of vitamin A, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, and niacin, possessing antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diarrheal, blood sugar-lowering, blood pressure-lowering, anti-mutagenic, and anti-tumor effects. Guava has the habit of flowering and fruiting multiple times a year; the duration of fruit growth and development varies depending on the timing of flowering and fruiting, resulting in different qualities of mature fruit. In the guava-producing areas of southern Fujian, by controlling the production period through pruning, three batches of fruit can be produced annually, with the third batch ripening and available in March and April. Because there are fewer fruit varieties on the market during this period, this batch of guava fruit is highly profitable. From late February to early March each year, guava spring shoots begin to sprout and grow. By March and April, the spring shoots are growing vigorously, coinciding with the rapid growth and enlargement of the third batch of fruits. Intense competition for nutrients between the fruits and spring shoots causes the fruit's parenchyma cells to lack or be deficient in usable nutrients, leading to air bubbles in the parenchyma cells, followed by cell gaps, and ultimately resulting in a hollow or pithy core (such as...). Figure 1 As shown in the image, guava fruits change from being dense, crisp, and juicy to dry and tasteless, severely impacting the commercial value of the spring fruit. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for solving the problem of pithy core in guava fruit during spring.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for solving the problem of pithy core in guava fruits during spring, comprising the following steps: (1) Prune guava trees from the end of September to the beginning of October. Leave 2 pairs of leaves on the fruiting branches that are bearing fruit and prune them back to the fruiting node. Leave 3 to 5 pairs of leaves on the nutrient branches that are not bearing fruit. Then prune the thin branches with a thickness of less than 1 cm that are too dense inside the canopy. (2) 25 to 35 days after pruning, depending on the size of the growing space, remove the weak and excessive branches on the fruiting branches, and select 1 to 2 new shoots with an opening angle ≥ 60° and moderate growth for each fruiting branch to cultivate into fruiting branches or vegetative branches. (3) 50 to 55 days after pruning, the newly sprouted branches will begin to flower and bear fruit. Only 1 to 2 fruits are left on each fruiting branch, and 100 to 160 fruits are left on each fruiting tree. (4) 50-60 days after the guava flowers wither, when the young fruit is 2-3 cm in diameter, start bagging; (5) In late February, when the spring shoots have grown to 3-5 pairs of leaves and are 10-15cm long, pinch off the tips of the spring shoots, leaving two pairs of leaves. 20-25 days after pinching off the tips, when the new buds have just sprouted to 3-5cm, remove all the newly sprouted buds.

[0005] Preferably, after pruning in step (1), organic fertilizer is applied. The amount of organic fertilizer applied is 10-12 kg / plant. The organic fertilizer includes the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts soybean meal, 5-15 parts pig manure, 5-15 parts cow manure, 3-8 parts wood ash, 3-8 parts seaweed residue, 3-8 parts oyster mushroom residue, and 0.5-1.5 parts fermentation agent. The fermentation agent includes Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, EM bacteria and Bacillus. The mass ratio of Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, EM bacteria and Bacillus is 1-3:1:1:1:1. The fermentation agent contains ≥200 million CFU / g of effective live bacteria.

[0006] Preferably, the application method includes the ring trench application method, which includes the following steps: digging a shallow ring trench around the outer edge of the tree canopy drip line, with a depth of 10-15cm and a width of 20-25cm; putting fertilizer into the trench and mixing it with the soil, and then covering it with the excavated soil.

[0007] Preferably, the interval between the fruiting branches in step (2) is 5-8 cm, and the number of fruiting branches is 80-100.

[0008] Preferably, after the flowers wither in step (4), a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied, and the amount of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer applied is 1~1.5 kg / plant.

[0009] Preferably, after bagging in step (4), high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied, and the application amount of high-potassium compound fertilizer is 1~1.5 kg / plant.

[0010] Preferably, after pinching and bud removal in step (5), foliar fertilizer is sprayed once each, and the amount of foliar fertilizer sprayed is 1.5~2.0L / plant.

[0011] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components: 0.1-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.03% chelated boron, 0.3-0.8% calcium nitrate, 0.01-0.05% chelated magnesium, 0.03-0.08% compound amino acids, 0.05-0.15% compound probiotic liquid, and 0.005-0.01% organosilicon nano-adjuvant.

[0012] Preferably, the complex amino acid comprises the following components: 1~3 mg / L glutamine, 50~150 mg / L proline and 30~80 mg / L GABA.

[0013] Preferably, the probiotics in the compound probiotic solution include Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria, wherein the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is ≥5×10¹. 0 CFU.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention controls spring shoot growth through two pruning cycles, while simultaneously increasing nutrient supply to the roots and leaves, promoting normal fruit growth and development in spring, significantly reducing the pithiness rate of guava fruits in spring, increasing spring fruit yield and improving quality, thereby enhancing economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 It is a picture of a hollow guava fruit; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the pinching locations (where a is the pinching location marked with an X, and b is the first spring shoot pinching). Figure 3 This is a diagram of a plant that has been topped (where a is a plant that has not been topped and b is a plant that has been topped). Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the removal of new shoots (where a represents the removal of new shoots in the second step of the plant, and b represents the removal of new shoots within the box in the diagram). Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a plant that has been pinched and its buds removed (where a is a plant that has not been pinched and its buds removed, and b is a plant that has been pinched and its buds removed). Detailed Implementation

[0016] This invention provides a method for solving the problem of pithy core in guava fruits during spring, comprising the following steps: (1) Prune guava trees from the end of September to the beginning of October. Leave 2 pairs of leaves on the fruiting branches that are bearing fruit and prune them back to the fruiting node. Leave 3 to 5 pairs of leaves on the nutrient branches that are not bearing fruit. Then prune the thin branches with a thickness of less than 1 cm that are too dense inside the canopy. (2) 25 to 35 days after pruning, depending on the size of the growing space, remove the weak and excessive branches on the fruiting branches, and select 1 to 2 new shoots with an opening angle ≥ 60° and moderate growth for each fruiting branch to cultivate into fruiting branches or vegetative branches. (3) 50 to 55 days after pruning, the newly sprouted branches will begin to flower and bear fruit. Only 1 to 2 fruits are left on each fruiting branch, and 100 to 160 fruits are left on each fruiting tree. (4) 50-60 days after the guava flowers wither, when the young fruit is 2-3 cm in diameter, start bagging; (5) In late February, when the spring shoots have grown to 3-5 pairs of leaves and are 10-15cm long, pinch off the tips of the spring shoots, leaving two pairs of leaves. 20-25 days after pinching off the tips, when the new buds have just sprouted to 3-5cm, remove all the newly sprouted buds.

[0017] In this invention, guava trees are pruned from late September to early October. Fruiting branches that bear fruit are pruned back to the fruiting node, leaving 2 pairs of leaves. Non-fruiting vegetative branches are pruned back to 3 to 5 pairs of leaves, preferably 4 pairs of leaves, in order to promote the sprouting of new shoots and flowering and fruiting. Then, the dense, thin branches with a thickness of less than 1 cm inside the canopy are thinned out. After pruning, apply organic fertilizer at a rate of 10-12 kg / plant, preferably 10.5-11.5 kg / plant, and more preferably 11 kg / plant. The organic fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 10-30 parts soybean meal, 5-15 parts pig manure, 5-15 parts cow manure, 3-8 parts wood ash, 3-8 parts seaweed residue, 3-8 parts oyster mushroom substrate residue, and 0.5-1.5 parts fermentation agent. The preferred amount of soybean meal is 15-25 parts, more preferably 20 parts; the preferred amount of pig manure is 8-12 parts, more preferably 10 parts; the preferred amount of wood ash is 4-7 parts, more preferably 5 parts; the preferred amount of seaweed residue is 4-7 parts, more preferably 5 parts; the preferred amount of oyster mushroom substrate residue is 4-7 parts, more preferably 5 parts; and the preferred amount of fermentation agent is... The amount is selected as 0.8~1.2 parts, more preferably 1 part; the fermentation agent includes Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, EM bacteria and Bacillus, the mass ratio of Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, EM bacteria and Bacillus is 1~3:1:1:1:1, preferably 2:1:1:1:1, the fermentation agent contains ≥200 million CFU / g of effective live bacteria; the organic fertilizer has an organic matter content ≥35%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥10%; the application method includes the ring trench application method, which includes the following steps: digging a shallow ring trench around the outer edge of the tree canopy drip line, the trench depth is 10~15cm, the trench width is 20~25cm, the fertilizer is put into the trench and mixed with the soil, and then the excavated soil is covered back; the trench depth is preferably 12~13cm, the trench width is preferably 22~24cm.

[0018] In this invention, 25-35 days after pruning, preferably 30 days, weak and excessive branches on the fruiting branches are removed according to the available space. One to two new shoots with an opening angle ≥60° and moderate growth are then selected from each fruiting branch and trained into fruiting branches or vegetative branches. The spacing between the fruiting branches is 5-8 cm, preferably 6-7 cm, and the number of fruiting branches is 80-100, preferably 85-95, and more preferably 90.

[0019] In this invention, 50-55 days after pruning, the newly sprouted branches begin to flower and bear fruit. Each well-grown fruiting branch can bear 2-6 fruits. In order to balance the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant, regulate the yield of fruits, and improve the quality, only 1-2 fruits are left on each fruiting branch. Excess fruits should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption. Each fruiting tree should retain 100-160 fruits, preferably 120-130 fruits.

[0020] In this invention, guava trees are bagged 50-60 days after flowering, when the young fruit is 2-3 cm in diameter. Insecticides and fungicides are sprayed before bagging. After flowering, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer is applied, with the main component being NPK=17-17-17, at a rate of 1-1.5 kg / plant, preferably 1.2-1.4 kg / plant. After bagging, a high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied, with the main component being NPK=10-4-45, at a rate of 1-1.5 kg / plant, preferably 1.2-1.4 kg / plant.

[0021] In this invention, when the spring shoots grow to 3-5 pairs of leaves and 10-15cm in length in late February, the shoots are pinched back, leaving two pairs of leaves, to inhibit further elongation and growth, reduce nutrient consumption due to shoot growth, ensure normal fruit growth and development, and promote fruit enlargement. 20-25 days after pinching, new buds of the spring shoots begin to sprout. Generally, each spring shoot will sprout 1-2 pairs of new buds at the base of the leaves. In order to reduce nutrient consumption, when the new buds have just sprouted to 3-5cm, all newly sprouted buds are removed to ensure that nutrients are concentrated on the fruit. After topping and bud removal, a foliar fertilizer is sprayed once each, at a rate of 1.5-2.0 L / plant. The foliar fertilizer comprises the following components: 0.1-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.03% chelated boron, 0.3-0.8% calcium nitrate, 0.01-0.05% chelated magnesium, 0.03-0.08% compound amino acids, 0.05-0.15% compound probiotic liquid, and 0.005-0.01% organosilicon nano-adjuvant. The preferred dosage of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3%; the preferred dosage of chelated boron is 0.02%; the preferred dosage of calcium nitrate is 0.5%; the preferred dosage of chelated magnesium is 0.03%; and the preferred dosage of compound amino acids is 0.05%. The compound amino acids comprise the following components: 1-3 mg / L glutamine, 50-150 mg / L proline, and 30-80 mg / L... The preferred dosage of glutamine is 2 mg / L; the preferred dosage of proline is 100 mg / L; the preferred dosage of GABA is 50 mg / L; the preferred dosage of the compound probiotic solution is 0.1%, wherein the probiotics in the compound probiotic solution include Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria, and the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is ≥5 × 10¹. 0 CFU; the preferred amount of the organosilicon nano-auxiliary agent is 0.008%.

[0022] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast and Bacillus were purchased from Shandong Hezhong Kangyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and EM bacteria were purchased from Beihai Yiqiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A method for solving the problem of pithy core in guava fruit during spring is as follows: (1) Pruning to regulate spring fruit production For fruit-bearing trees that are 3 years or older, prune from late September to early October. First, prune fruiting branches with fruiting nodes, leaving two pairs of leaves. Second, prune non-fruiting vegetative branches, leaving four pairs of leaves to promote new shoot growth and flowering. Finally, thin out overly dense, thin branches less than 1 cm thick inside the canopy. Thirty days after pruning, depending on the available space, remove weak and excessive branches from the fruiting branches. Select two new shoots with an opening angle of ≥60° and moderate growth from each fruiting branch to develop into fruiting branches or vegetative branches. Spacing the fruiting branches 7 cm apart, for a total of 90 branches.

[0026] Fifty-five days after pruning, the newly sprouted branches begin to flower and bear fruit. Each well-grown fruiting branch can produce 2-6 fruits. To balance the plant's vegetative and reproductive growth, regulate fruit yield, and improve quality, only two fruits should be left on each fruiting branch. Excess fruits should be removed promptly to reduce nutrient consumption. A total of 120 fruits should be left on each fruiting tree. Fifty-five days after the guava flowers have faded, when the young fruits reach a diameter of 2cm, they should be bagged. Insecticides and fungicides should be sprayed before bagging.

[0027] (2) Pinching and bud removal of spring shoots

[0028] To alleviate the problem of guava trees consuming excessive nutrients due to new shoot growth, resulting in hollow fruit, a two-step operation is performed. The first step involves pinching off the newly sprouted spring shoots in late February. When the spring shoots reach four pairs of leaves and are 12cm long, pinch them off, leaving two pairs of leaves. This inhibits further elongation of the spring shoots, reduces nutrient consumption due to shoot growth, ensures normal fruit growth and development, and promotes fruit enlargement. Figure 2 First step: pinching off the tips of spring shoots.

[0029] Step 2: 23 days after pinching, the new buds of the spring shoots begin to sprout. Generally, each spring shoot will sprout a pair of new buds at the base of the leaves. In order to reduce nutrient consumption, when the new buds have just sprouted 3cm, remove all the newly sprouted buds to ensure that the nutrients are concentrated on the fruit. Figure 3 The second step is to remove new shoots.

[0030] (3) Fertilizer and water management

[0031] After pruning from late September to early October, apply 11 kg of organic fertilizer per tree using a circular trench method. Dig a shallow circular trench around the outer edge of the tree's drip line, 12 cm deep and 22 cm wide. Place the fertilizer in the trench, mix it with the soil, and then cover it with the excavated soil. After fertilization, strengthen water management to promote the sprouting of new shoots and bud growth of pruned branches. The main components of the organic fertilizer are: 20 parts soybean meal, 10 parts pig manure, 10 parts cow manure, 5 parts wood ash, 5 parts seaweed residue, 5 parts oyster mushroom residue, and 1 part fermentation agent. The fermentation agent includes Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, EM bacteria, and Bacillus, with a mass ratio of 2:1:1:1:1. The fermentation agent contains ≥200 million CFU / g of effective live bacteria (organic matter content ≥35%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥10%). After flowering, apply a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer once, using 1.2 kg of NPK per plant. The main components of the compound fertilizer are: NPK=17-17-17. After bagging the fruit, apply 1.2 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer to each plant. The main component of the high-potassium compound fertilizer is NPK=10-4-45. After pinching off the spring shoots and removing buds, spray foliar fertilizer (1.5L / plant) once each to improve the quality of guava fruit. The main components of the foliar fertilizer are: 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.02% chelated boron, 0.5% calcium nitrate, 0.03% chelated magnesium, 0.05% compound amino acids (glutamine 2mg / L + proline 100 mg / L + GABA 50 mg / L), and 0.1% compound probiotic solution (Bacillus subtilis ≥5×10¹). 0 CFU+photosynthetic bacteria (Shandong Hezhong Kangyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), 0.008% organosilicon nano-auxiliaries.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A method for solving the problem of pithy core in guava fruit during spring is as follows: (1) Pruning to regulate spring fruit production For fruit-bearing trees that are 3 years or older, prune from late September to early October. First, prune fruiting branches with fruiting nodes, leaving two pairs of leaves. Second, prune non-fruiting vegetative branches, leaving three pairs of leaves to promote new shoot growth and flowering. Finally, thin out overly dense, thin branches less than 1 cm thick inside the canopy. 25 days after pruning, depending on the available space, remove weak and excessive branches from the fruiting branches. Select one new shoot with an opening angle ≥60° and moderate growth from each fruiting branch to cultivate into a fruiting branch or vegetative branch. Spacing the fruiting branches 5 cm apart, with a total of 80 branches.

[0034] Fifty days after pruning, the newly sprouted branches begin to flower and bear fruit. Each well-grown fruiting branch can produce 2-6 fruits. To balance the plant's vegetative and reproductive growth, regulate fruit yield, and improve quality, only one fruit should be left on each fruiting branch. Excess fruits should be removed promptly to reduce nutrient consumption. A total of 100 fruits should be left on each fruiting tree. Fifty days after the guava flowers have faded, when the young fruits reach a diameter of 2cm, begin bagging them. Spray insecticides and fungicides before bagging.

[0035] (2) Pinching and bud removal of spring shoots

[0036] To alleviate the problem of guava plants consuming excessive nutrients due to the growth of new shoots, resulting in hollow fruit, a two-step operation is performed. The first step involves pinching off the newly sprouted spring shoots in late February. When the spring shoots reach three pairs of leaves and are 10cm long, pinch them off, leaving two pairs of leaves. This inhibits further elongation of the spring shoots, reduces nutrient consumption due to shoot growth, ensures normal fruit growth and development, and promotes fruit enlargement.

[0037] Step 2: 20 days after pinching, the new buds of the spring shoots begin to sprout. Generally, each spring shoot will sprout a pair of new buds at the base of the leaves. In order to reduce the consumption of nutrients, when the new buds have just sprouted 3cm, remove all the newly sprouted buds to ensure that the nutrients are concentrated on the fruit.

[0038] (3) Fertilizer and water management

[0039] After pruning from late September to early October, apply 10 kg of organic fertilizer per tree using a circular trench method. Dig a shallow circular trench around the outer edge of the tree's drip line, 10 cm deep and 20 cm wide. Place the fertilizer in the trench, mix it with the soil, and then cover it with the excavated soil. After fertilization, strengthen water management to promote the sprouting of new shoots and the growth of pruned branches. The main components of the organic fertilizer are: 10 parts soybean meal, 5 parts pig manure, 5 parts cow manure, 3 parts wood ash, 3 parts seaweed residue, 3 parts oyster mushroom residue, and 0.5 parts fermentation agent. The fermentation agent includes Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, EM bacteria, and Bacillus, with a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1. The fermentation agent contains ≥200 million CFU / g of effective live bacteria (organic matter content ≥35%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥10%). After flowering, apply a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer once, using 1.0 kg of NPK per plant. The main components of the compound fertilizer are: NPK=17-17-17. After bagging the fruit, apply 1.0 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer to each plant. The main component of the high-potassium compound fertilizer is NPK=10-4-45. After pinching off the spring shoots and removing buds, spray foliar fertilizer (1.5L / plant) once each to improve the quality of guava fruit. The main components of the foliar fertilizer are: 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01% chelated boron, 0.3% calcium nitrate, 0.01% chelated magnesium, 0.03% compound amino acids (glutamine 1mg / L + proline 50 mg / L + GABA 30 mg / L), and 0.05% compound probiotic solution (Bacillus subtilis ≥5×10¹). 0 CFU + photosynthetic bacteria), 0.005% organosilicon nano-additives.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] A method for solving the problem of pithy core in guava fruit during spring is as follows: (1) Pruning to regulate spring fruit production For fruit-bearing trees that are 3 years or older, prune from late September to early October. First, prune fruiting branches with fruiting nodes, leaving 2 pairs of leaves. Second, prune non-fruiting vegetative branches, leaving 5 pairs of leaves to promote new shoot growth and flowering. Finally, thin out overly dense, thin branches less than 1 cm thick inside the canopy. 35 days after pruning, depending on the available space, remove weak and excessive branches from the fruiting branches. Select 2 new shoots with an opening angle ≥60° and moderate growth from each fruiting branch to cultivate into fruiting branches or vegetative branches. Spacing the fruiting branches 8 cm apart, for a total of 100 branches.

[0042] Fifty-five days after pruning, the newly sprouted branches begin to flower and bear fruit. Each well-grown fruiting branch can produce 2-6 fruits. To balance the plant's vegetative and reproductive growth, regulate fruit yield, and improve quality, only two fruits should be left on each fruiting branch. Excess fruits should be removed promptly to reduce nutrient consumption. A total of 160 fruits should be left on each fruiting tree. Sixty days after the guava flowers have faded, when the young fruits reach a diameter of 3cm, they should be bagged. Insecticides and fungicides should be sprayed before bagging.

[0043] (2) Pinching and bud removal of spring shoots

[0044] To alleviate the problem of guava plants consuming excessive nutrients due to new shoot growth, resulting in hollow fruit, a two-step operation is performed. The first step involves pinching off the newly sprouted spring shoots in late February. When the spring shoots reach 5 pairs of leaves and are 15cm long, pinch them off, leaving two pairs of leaves. This inhibits further elongation of the spring shoots, reduces nutrient consumption due to shoot growth, ensures normal fruit growth and development, and promotes fruit enlargement.

[0045] Step 2: 25 days after pinching, the new buds of the spring shoots begin to sprout. Generally, each spring shoot will sprout 2 pairs of new buds at the base of the leaves. In order to reduce the consumption of nutrients, when the new buds have just sprouted 5cm, remove all the newly sprouted buds to ensure that the nutrients are concentrated on the fruit.

[0046] (3) Fertilizer and water management

[0047] After pruning from late September to early October, apply 12 kg of organic fertilizer per tree using a circular trench method. Dig a shallow circular trench around the outer edge of the tree's drip line, 15 cm deep and 25 cm wide. Place the fertilizer in the trench, mix it with the soil, and then cover it with the excavated soil. After fertilization, strengthen water management to promote the sprouting of new shoots and the growth of pruned branches. The main components of the organic fertilizer are: 30 parts soybean meal, 15 parts pig manure, 15 parts cow manure, 8 parts wood ash, 8 parts seaweed residue, 8 parts oyster mushroom residue, and 1.5 parts fermentation agent. The fermentation agent includes Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, EM bacteria, and Bacillus, with a mass ratio of 3:1:1:1:1. The fermentation agent contains ≥200 million CFU / g of effective live bacteria. After flowering, apply a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer once, using 1.5 kg of NPK per plant. The main components of the compound fertilizer are: NPK=17-17-17 (Russian Acon Company). After bagging the fruit, apply 1.5 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer to each plant. The main component of the high-potassium compound fertilizer is NPK=10-4-45. After pinching off the spring shoots and removing buds, spray 2L / plant with foliar fertilizer once each time to improve the quality of guava fruit. The main components of the foliar fertilizer are: 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03% chelated boron, 0.8% calcium nitrate, 0.05% chelated magnesium, 0.08% compound amino acids (glutamine 3mg / L + proline 150 mg / L + GABA 80 mg / L), and 0.15% compound probiotic solution (Bacillus subtilis ≥5×10¹). 0 CFU + photosynthetic bacteria), 0.01% organosilicon nano-additives.

[0048] Experimental Example 1

[0049] Implementation period: 2022-2026

[0050] Location: Guava Planting Base of Zhangzhou Agricultural Research Institute, Chaoyang Town, Longwen District, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province

[0051] The planting base began planting guava 'Hongxiang No. 1' in March 2022, and the implementation plan began in September 2024. Among them, 30 trees were subjected to the shaping, pruning and fertilizer and water management of Example 1 of this invention, and 30 trees were cultivated using conventional production methods. The difference between the conventional production methods and Example 1 is that: no spring shoot pinching and bud removal were performed, no foliar fertilizer was used after spring shoot pinching and bud removal, and the organic fertilizer applied after pruning was replaced with "ordinary organic fertilizer, namely Lvming organic fertilizer, with an organic matter content of ≥35%, manufactured by Jian'ou Lvming Biotechnology Co., Ltd."

[0052] Single fruit weight and yield per plant: The weight of a single fruit was measured using a T1000 electronic balance, and the yield per plant was calculated by counting the number of fruits on the tree.

[0053] Fruit hollow core rate: The hollow core rate was determined by the fruit dissection observation method. Twenty mature fruits were selected from each plant and cut open longitudinally or transversely to observe whether the flesh showed symptoms of hollow core such as sponginess, hollowness, shriveling and browning. The number of hollow core fruits was counted and the hollow core rate was calculated as the percentage of hollow core fruits to the total number of fruits surveyed.

[0054] Soluble solids: 20 fruits were selected from each plant, the pulp of the guava was taken and the juice was extracted, and the soluble solids were measured using a digital handheld refractometer.

[0055] Experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Table 1. Effects of different methods on guava cultivation at the Agricultural Research Institute

[0057] As shown in Table 1, the two methods produce significant differences in guava yield and quality. Plants using the method of this invention show improved fruit yield and quality, and significantly reduced fruit pitting rate.

[0058] Experimental Example 2

[0059] Implementation period: 2022-2026

[0060] Implementation Location: Puli Village, Tianbao Town, Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province

[0061] The orchard began planting guava variety 'Hongxiang No. 1' in March 2022, and began implementing the scheme of Example 1 of this invention in September 2024. The conventional production and cultivation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0063] Table 2. Effects of different methods on guava cultivation in Puli Village

[0064] Table 2 shows that different cultivation methods have a significant impact on the yield and quality of guava fruits. Implementing the method of this invention improves both fruit yield and quality, with fruit yield increasing by approximately 10% and fruit solids content increasing by approximately 3%. The problem of pithy core in the fruit is effectively solved, with the pithy core rate decreasing by approximately 40%.

[0065] As can be seen from the above embodiments and experimental examples, the present invention controls the growth of spring shoots through two prunings, while increasing the nutrient supply to the roots and leaves, promoting the normal growth and development of spring fruits, greatly reducing the pithiness rate of guava fruits in spring, increasing the yield and quality of spring fruits, and thus improving economic benefits.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for solving the problem of pithy core in guava fruits during spring, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Prune guava trees from the end of September to the beginning of October. Leave 2 pairs of leaves on the fruiting branches that are bearing fruit and prune them back to the fruiting node. Leave 3 to 5 pairs of leaves on the nutrient branches that are not bearing fruit. Then prune the thin branches with a thickness of less than 1 cm that are too dense inside the canopy. (2) 25 to 35 days after pruning, depending on the size of the growing space, remove the weak and excessive branches on the fruiting branches, and select 1 to 2 new shoots with an opening angle ≥ 60° and moderate growth for each fruiting branch to cultivate into fruiting branches or vegetative branches. (3) 50 to 55 days after pruning, the newly sprouted branches will begin to flower and bear fruit. Only 1 to 2 fruits are left on each fruiting branch, and 100 to 160 fruits are left on each fruiting tree. (4) 50 to 60 days after the guava flowers wither, when the young fruit is 2 to 3 cm in diameter, start bagging; (5) In late February, when the spring shoots have grown to 3-5 pairs of leaves and are 10-15cm long, pinch off the tips of the spring shoots, leaving two pairs of leaves. 20-25 days after pinching off the tips, when the new buds have just sprouted to 3-5cm, remove all the newly sprouted buds.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (1) After pruning, apply organic fertilizer. The amount of organic fertilizer applied is 10-12 kg / plant. The organic fertilizer includes the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts soybean meal, 5-15 parts pig manure, 5-15 parts cow manure, 3-8 parts wood ash, 3-8 parts seaweed residue, 3-8 parts oyster mushroom residue, and 0.5-1.5 parts fermentation agent. The fermentation agent includes Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, EM bacteria and Bacillus. The mass ratio of Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, EM bacteria and Bacillus is 1-3:1:1:1:

1. The fermentation agent contains ≥200 million CFU / g of effective live bacteria.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The application method includes the ring trench application method, which includes the following steps: digging a shallow ring trench around the outer edge of the tree canopy drip line, with a depth of 10-15cm and a width of 20-25cm; putting fertilizer into the trench and mixing it with the soil, and then covering it with the excavated soil.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interval between the fruiting branches in step (2) is 5-8 cm, and the number of fruiting branches is 80-100.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (4) After the flowers wither, apply a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer applied is 1~1.5 kg / plant.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (4) After bagging, apply high-potassium compound fertilizer, the amount of which is 1~1.5 kg / plant.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After pinching and bud removal in step (5), foliar fertilizer is sprayed once each, and the amount of foliar fertilizer sprayed is 1.5~2.0L / plant.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The foliar fertilizer comprises the following components: 0.1-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.03% chelated boron, 0.3-0.8% calcium nitrate, 0.01-0.05% chelated magnesium, 0.03-0.08% compound amino acids, 0.05-0.15% compound probiotic liquid, and 0.005-0.01% organosilicon nano-adjuvant.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The complex amino acid comprises the following components: 1-3 mg / L glutamine, 50-150 mg / L proline, and 30-80 mg / L GABA.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The probiotics in the compound probiotic solution include Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria, and the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is ≥5×10¹. 0 CFU.

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