A cultivation substrate for improving the yield and quality of ganoderma lingzhi sclerotia and a cultivation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a cultivation substrate for improving Ganoderma lingzhi sclerotia yield and quality and a cultivation method thereof, relates to the technical field of edible and medicinal mushroom cultivation, and utilizes the physical structure complementation of rubber wood chip coarse / fine particles and the mycelium promoting, stress resistance enhancing and nucleation induction effects of natural brassinolide in rape pollen, so that the yield (nucleation rate, single bag sclerotia yield and biological efficiency) and quality (polysaccharide, crude protein, flavonoids and triterpene content) of Ganoderma lingzhi sclerotia are significantly improved. The rubber wood chip raw material of the cultivation substrate is low in cost, rich in source, low in nutritional supplement dosage and controllable in additional cost; the under-forest soil cultivation method is simple in process, compatible with the conventional management of rubber forests and strong in operability, and provides technical support for the industrial scale popularization of Ganoderma lingzhi in Hainan rubber forests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible and medicinal fungi cultivation technology, and in particular to a cultivation substrate and cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia. Background Technology

[0002] Tiger Milk Ganoderma ( Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota, class Agaricomycetes, order Polyporaceae, family Polyporaceae, and genus *Cooke*. It is a rare edible and medicinal fungus that possesses both fruiting bodies and sclerotia. The sclerotia are the main medicinal part, exhibiting various pharmacological activities such as anti-proliferation, immunomodulation, anticoagulation, antitumor (breast cancer, liver cancer), and asthma treatment. Wild *Cooke* Ryvarden is distributed in tropical rainforests near the equator, and in my country, it is only found in tropical rainforest areas such as Baoting County, Baisha County, and Wuzhishan City in Hainan Province. In recent years, the artificial cultivation area of ​​*Cooke* Ryvarden in Hainan has rapidly expanded, becoming an important industrial support for rural revitalization in the region.

[0003] However, existing Tiger Milk Ganoderma cultivation substrate formulas generally use hardwood sawdust, Acacia mangium sawdust, eucalyptus sawdust, or broadleaf sawdust as the main raw materials, supplemented with cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, lime / gypsum, sucrose, calcium carbonate, etc. The above-mentioned Tiger Milk Ganoderma cultivation substrate formulas generally have the following prominent problems in actual planting: (1) Uneven sclerotium emergence: some logs do not grow sclerotia or have a low sclerotium emergence rate, resulting in serious loss of effective yield per unit area; (2) Unstable yield: the sclerotium yield fluctuates greatly between different batches and different plots, making it difficult to standardize production; (3) Inconsistent quality: the content of key medicinal components such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and flavonoids in the sclerotia varies significantly, affecting the consistency of the quality of the final product. The root cause of the above problems is that the existing cultivation substrate formulas have not been optimized for the nutritional needs of Tiger Milk Ganoderma sclerotium development, and the existing formulas lack targeted sclerotium formation promoting factors, which has become a key technical bottleneck restricting the industrial production of Tiger Milk Ganoderma sclerotia.

[0004] Currently, several research reports have described various cultivation formulas for Ganoderma lucidum, such as Huang Nianlai (1999, *Chinese Edible Fungi* 18(3):8-9) who reported a formula of 39% sawdust, 39% cottonseed hulls, 20% wheat bran, 1% sucrose, and 1% calcium carbonate; Li Wengkun et al. (2021, *New Drugs and Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine* 32(2):259-262) who used a formula of 72% sawdust, 22% wheat bran, 2% soybean flour, 1% gypsum, and 3% glucose; Cheng Hanting et al. (2025, *Edible Fungi* 47(1):71-74) who reported a cultivation formula for rubber forests of 45% rubber sawdust, 40% cottonseed hulls, 10% wheat bran, 4% lime, and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Wu Xiangrong et al. (2025, *Tropical Agricultural Science* 2026, 46(01): (40-46) The effects of formulations using eucalyptus wood chips and Acacia mangium wood chips as the main materials on yield were compared; Abdullah et al. (2013) reported that the mycelial growth rate was fastest when the ratio of rubber wood chips: rice straw: brewer's waste yeast residue was 7.9:1:1. For example, patent CN117050886A discloses a new strain of Ganoderma lucidum and its cultivation method, which describes a cultivation formula of 85% broadleaf wood chips, 8% wheat bran, 5% rice straw powder, 1% sucrose, 1% quicklime, and 0.2% chlorpyrifos, as well as a method of removing the bag and covering with soil; patent WO2016076702A2 discloses a cultivation method of Ganoderma lucidum using 80%-90% wood chips, 10%-10.5% rice bran, and 1%-1.5% gypsum as the substrate and mixed soil as the covering soil. Although the above-mentioned Tiger Milk Ganoderma cultivation formulas can obtain sclerotia through soil covering cultivation, they all suffer from low sclerotia yield, unstable yield, and inconsistent quality (content of polysaccharides, triterpenoids, flavonoids, etc.). The yield and quality of sclerotia have not yet met the requirements for high-quality development of the Hainan Tiger Milk Ganoderma industry.

[0005] It is worth noting that rubberwood chips, due to the presence of latex residues and other inhibitory substances, have traditionally been considered unsuitable for direct use in edible mushroom cultivation, requiring long-term composting or chemical treatment before use. However, Hainan, as my country's largest natural rubber producing area, generates a large amount of rubberwood renewal and processing waste annually. If these resources can be effectively utilized for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum (Tiger Milk Ganoderma), they will possess both economic and ecological value.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a cultivation formula and method for Ganoderma lucidum that can simultaneously achieve uniform kernel emergence, high yield, stable quality, and make full use of local rubber sawdust resources in Hainan. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention proposes a cultivation substrate and cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of *Ganoderma lucidum* sclerotia, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems. The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: A cultivation substrate for improving the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia, the cultivation substrate comprising a culture medium and a nutrient supplement in a mass ratio of 56:1-2; The culture medium, by weight percentage, contains the following components: 40%-45% rubberwood chips, 35%-40% cottonseed hulls, 10%-15% wheat bran, and 5%-6% slaked lime; The rubberwood chips are at least one of coarse rubberwood chips with a particle size of 8-10 mm and fine rubberwood chips with a particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm. The mass ratio of the coarse rubber wood chips to the fine rubber wood chips is 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, or 0:4. The nutritional supplement is one or more of rapeseed pollen, pine pollen, and wild mountain flower pollen.

[0008] Furthermore, the cultivation substrate is packaged in bags, each bag containing 560g of culture medium and 15g of nutrient supplement, with a total mass of 1.4Kg per bag.

[0009] Furthermore, the nutritional supplement is rapeseed pollen.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for preparing the cultivation substrate includes: (1) Mix rubber wood chips, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran and quicklime evenly to obtain culture medium; (2) Dissolve the nutrient supplement in water, spray it into the culture medium and stir. Add water to the culture medium to a moisture content of 60%-65%, stir evenly, and obtain the target cultivation substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (2), the concentration of the nutritional supplement in water is 0.05-0.1 g / mL.

[0012] A cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia, comprising the following steps: S1. Bagging and sterilization: The cultivation substrate is packaged into mushroom bags, sterilized by autoclaving, and cooled to room temperature for later use. S2. Inoculation and mycelium culture: Under sterile conditions, inoculate the liquid spawn of Ganoderma lucidum into the sterilized cultivation substrate, and culture in the dark until the mycelium has fully grown the bag. Remove the bag to obtain the mycelium. S3. Understory soil covering cultivation: Turn over, level, clean, and rotary till and ridge the cultivation area. Lay the mushroom logs flat on the bed surface, with two logs arranged in one ridge. The direction of the mushroom logs should be consistent with the direction of the ridge. The spacing between the mushroom logs should be 10-12cm, and the spacing between the mushroom logs in the row should also be 10-12cm. The top surface of the mushroom logs should be covered with soil to a thickness of 5-7cm, and the sides of the bed surface should be covered with soil to a thickness of 8-10cm, forming a turtle back shape. S4. Sclerotium Management and Harvesting: Maintain soil temperature at 25-30℃ and relative moisture content at 60%-80%. Sclerotia will begin to grow on the substrate after 20 days. Cover the substrate with soil and cultivate for 180-185 days until the sclerotia mature and are ready for harvest.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the high-pressure sterilization is performed at 120-122°C for 110-130 minutes.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the light-protected culture is carried out for 40 days under conditions of 28-29℃ and 75%-80% relative humidity.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the specific steps of tilling, leveling, clearing, rotary tilling, and ridging in the cultivation area are as follows: tilling the rubber plantation area to a depth of 35-36 cm, keeping a distance of 0.5-0.6 m from the rubber trees during tilling and preparation, maintaining a plant spacing of 4 m × 6 m, removing tree roots and stones with a diameter greater than 4 cm from the planting area, rotary tilling the planting area to make the soil particle size less than 1.5 mm, ridging with a ridge width of 40-42 cm and a ridge depth of 20-22 cm.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The coarse rubber sawdust of this invention has a particle size of 8-10 mm, providing a substrate skeleton structure and aeration pores to ensure the oxygen supply required for mycelial respiration. The fine rubber sawdust has a particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm, providing mycelial colonization surface area and water retention, which is beneficial for rapid mycelial colonization and nutrient absorption. A mass ratio of 3:1 for coarse and fine rubber sawdust balances aeration and colonization surface area, providing a physical basis for robust mycelial growth and subsequent sclerotium formation. The nutrient supplement of this invention, rapeseed pollen, is rich in natural brassinolide. As a sterol plant hormone, natural brassinolide can activate the elongation and branching of mycelial apical cells in edible fungi cultivation, accelerate substrate colonization, enhance mycelial tolerance to environmental stresses (temperature fluctuations, humidity changes) after casing, reduce the necrosis rate of the substrate, promote the transformation of mycelium from vegetative growth to sclerotium formation, and increase the sclerotium primordium formation rate. Furthermore, the crude protein, free amino acids, vitamins, and minerals in rapeseed pollen provide synergistic nutrition for sclerotium development.

[0017] 2. This invention utilizes the complementary physical structures of coarse / fine rubberwood chips and the mycelial-promoting, stress-enhancing, and nucleation-inducing effects of natural brassinolide in rapeseed pollen. These two factors work synergistically to significantly improve the yield (sclerotium formation rate, yield per package, biological efficiency) and quality (polysaccharide, crude protein, flavonoid, and triterpenoid content) of *Ganoderma lucidum* sclerotia. Verification through examples shows that the optimal cultivation method of this invention yields 243 g / package of sclerotia, with a biological efficiency of 43.41%, a sclerotium formation rate of 97.05%, a polysaccharide content of 9.78 mg / g, a flavonoid content of 1.48 mg / g, a triterpenoid content of 2.71 mg / g, and a crude protein content of 61.18 g / kg, all significantly higher than existing formulations.

[0018] 3. The rubber sawdust raw material of the cultivation substrate of the present invention is low in cost and abundant in source, requires little nutritional supplement, and has controllable additional costs; the understory soil covering cultivation method is simple in procedure, compatible with conventional management of rubber forests, and highly operable, providing technical support for the large-scale promotion of the Tiger Milk Ganoderma industry under rubber forests in Hainan. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the Tiger Milk Ganoderma lucidum spawn cultivation under forest soil covering according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of the sclerotium morphology of Ganoderma lucidum in Example 4, using the optimal cultivation substrate formula of the present invention (Formula 1) and the existing technology formulas (Formulas 2-7). Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the invention.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are all conventional methods.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0024] The Tiger Milk Ganoderma lucidum liquid culture of this invention is obtained by inoculating a Tiger Milk Ganoderma lucidum strain into a liquid culture medium. The raw materials of the liquid culture medium are: 200 g / L peeled potato, 1.5 g / L magnesium sulfate, 3 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 g / L vitamin B, 20 g / L sucrose, and 3 g / L yeast extract; Tiger Milk Ganoderma lucidum (… Lignosus rhinocerus The strain (Cooke) Ryvarden, numbered EPPI-00159, originated from the Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. (Tiger Milk Ganoderma) Lignosus rhinocerusThe strain (Cooke) Ryvarden EPPI-00159 is described in the "Biological characteristics and domestication and cultivation of wild tiger oyster mushroom" in the Mycosystema, DOI: 10.13346 / j.mycosystema.250094.

[0025] The rapeseed pollen, pine pollen, wild mountain flower pollen, camellia pollen, and camellia pollen were all purchased from Jiangxi Wangshi Bee Garden Co., Ltd., Bozhou Zhongsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Xuyi Dow Bee Products Co., Ltd., respectively.

[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, the tiger milk Ganoderma lucidum is cultivated in the rubber plantation area of ​​Hainan.

[0027] Example 1 This study investigated the effects of different ratios of coarse and fine rubber sawdust on the yield of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia, and screened the optimal ratio of coarse rubber sawdust (particle size 8-10 mm) to fine rubber sawdust (particle size 0.5-1.5 mm).

[0028] Culture medium formula:

[0029] The preparation method of cultivation substrate includes: mixing rubber sawdust, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran and slaked lime evenly to obtain culture medium, which is the cultivation substrate.

[0030] Cultivation methods, including specific steps: S1. Bagging and sterilization: Dispense the cultivation substrate into mushroom bags (1.4Kg / bag, dry weight 560g), autoclave at 121℃ for 120min, cool to room temperature, and set aside for use; S2. Inoculation and mycelium culture: Under sterile conditions, the liquid mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum is inoculated into the sterilized cultivation substrate. It is then cultured in the dark for 40 days at a temperature of 28.5±0.5℃ and a relative humidity of 78%±2% until the mycelium has fully colonized the bag. The bag is then removed to obtain the mycelium. S3, Understory cultivation with soil covering: See also Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum under the rubber plantation with soil covering. The soil in the rubber plantation area is turned over to a depth of 35cm. When turning over the soil, the distance from the rubber trees is 0.5m. The spacing between the rubber trees and the rows is 4m×6m. Tree roots and stones with a diameter greater than 4cm are removed from the planting area. The planting area is rotary tilled to make the soil particle size less than 1.5mm. Ridges are made with a ridge width of 40cm and a ridge depth of 20cm. The mushroom sticks are laid flat on the ridge surface, with two sticks arranged in one ridge. The direction of the mushroom sticks is the same as the direction of the ridge. The spacing between mushroom sticks is 10cm. The spacing between mushroom sticks in the row is 10cm. The top surface of the mushroom sticks is covered with soil with a thickness of 5cm. The sides of the ridge are covered with soil with a thickness of 8cm, forming a turtle back shape. S4. Sclerotium growth management and harvesting: Maintain soil temperature at 28±2℃ and relative moisture content at 70%±5%. Sclerotia will begin to grow on the substrate after 20 days. Cover the substrate with soil and cultivate for 180 days until the sclerotia mature and are ready for harvesting.

[0031] Cultivate uniformly according to the above cultivation method, with 10 replicates for each formula, and measure and statistically analyze the agronomic traits of the sclerotium of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0032] Yield metrics: sclerotium production rate, sclerotium yield, sclerotium diameter, and biological efficiency; Among them, the nucleation rate (%) = number of nucleated mycelium sticks / number of planted mycelium sticks × 100%; Sclerotium yield (g / pack) = sclerotium biomass of a single substrate; Sclerotium diameter refers to the length between the longest parts of the sclerotium; Biological efficiency (%) = Fresh weight of sclerotia / Dry weight of cultivation substrate × 100%.

[0033] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1

[0035] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences, p < 0.05.

[0036] As shown in Table 1, different mass ratios of coarse rubber sawdust to fine rubber sawdust had no significant effect on the sclerotium emergence rate (p < 0.05), but had a significant effect on sclerotium yield. The highest sclerotium yield (225.23 g / bag) and biological efficiency (40.22%) were achieved when the mass ratio of coarse to fine rubber sawdust was 3:1, significantly higher than other ratios (p < 0.05). A 3:1 mass ratio of coarse to fine rubber sawdust provides both aeration and mycelial colonization area. Therefore, the optimal culture medium formula is: 45% rubber sawdust (fine sawdust:coarse sawdust = 3:1), 40% cottonseed hulls, 10% wheat bran, and 5% slaked lime.

[0037] Example 2 Based on the optimal culture medium in Example 1, the effects of different pollen nutrient supplements on the yield of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia were studied to screen the optimal nutrient supplement.

[0038] Cultivation substrate formula:

[0039] The preparation method of the cultivation substrate includes: mixing rubber sawdust, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran and slaked lime evenly to obtain the culture medium; Dissolve 15g of nutrient supplement in 200mL of water, spray it into the culture medium and stir. Add water until the moisture content of the culture medium is 63%±2%, stir evenly, and you will get the cultivation substrate.

[0040] The cultivation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0041] The results are shown in Table 2.

[0042] Table 2

[0043] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences, p < 0.05.

[0044] As shown in Table 2, the addition of the nutritional supplements rapeseed pollen, pine pollen, and wild mountain flower pollen in this invention significantly promoted the increase of sclerotium yield and sclerotium emergence rate (p < 0.05). Among them, rapeseed pollen had the best effect, with a sclerotium yield of 242.25 g / packet, a sclerotium emergence rate of 98.12%, and a biological efficiency of 43.26%, all of which were significantly higher than other nutritional supplements (p < 0.05). Camellia pollen did not have a significant effect on increasing yield. The rapeseed pollen of this invention is rich in brassinolide and contains abundant amino acids, vitamins, and other synergistic nutrients, and has the best effect on the yield of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotium.

[0045] Example 3 Based on Example 2, the effects of different amounts of rapeseed pollen on the yield of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia were studied, and the optimal amount of rapeseed pollen to be added was screened.

[0046] Cultivation substrate formula:

[0047] The preparation method of the cultivation substrate includes: mixing rubber sawdust, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran and slaked lime evenly to obtain the culture medium; Dissolve the nutrient supplement in 200mL of water, spray it into the culture medium and stir. Add water until the moisture content of the culture medium is 63%±2%, stir evenly, and you will get the cultivation substrate.

[0048] The cultivation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0049] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0050] Table 3

[0051] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences, p < 0.05.

[0052] Table 3 shows that when the amount of rapeseed pollen added as a nutritional supplement is within the range of 0-15g, the sclerotium emergence rate and yield increase with the increase of the amount of rapeseed pollen added. When the amount of rapeseed pollen added is 15g, the emergence rate reaches 98.13%, the sclerotium yield reaches 242.27g / packet, and the biological efficiency is 43.26%, which is significantly better than other low addition treatments (p<0.05). When the amount of rapeseed pollen added is 20g, the emergence rate and yield do not increase significantly compared with the addition amount of 15g (p<0.05). Taking all factors into consideration, the optimal addition amount of rapeseed pollen as a nutritional supplement is 15g.

[0053] Example 4 Based on Examples 1-3, the optimal cultivation substrate formula of the present invention is as follows:

[0054] Example 4 studies the optimal cultivation substrate formula of the present invention and the formula of the prior art. The substrates are cultivated uniformly according to the cultivation method of the present invention, with 3 replicates for each formula, and the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia are compared.

[0055] The quality includes polysaccharide content, crude protein content, flavonoid content, and triterpenoid content.

[0056] The determination methods for polysaccharide content are in accordance with GB / T 40632-2021, crude protein content is in accordance with GB 5009.5-2016, flavonoid content is in accordance with GB / T 20574-2006, and triterpenoid content is in accordance with NY / T 3676-2020.

[0057] The recipe is as follows:

[0058] in, Figure 2 The image shows a comparison of the morphological characteristics of the sclerotia of Ganoderma lucidum with the optimal cultivation substrate formula of this invention (Formula 1) and the existing technical formulas (Formulas 2-7). The yield and quality results of the sclerotia of Ganoderma lucidum are shown in Tables 4-5.

[0059] Table 4

[0060] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences, p < 0.05.

[0061] As can be seen from Table 4, the optimal cultivation substrate formula of the present invention (formula 1) has a sclerotium yield of 243.12 g / bag, a sclerotium production rate of 97.05%, and a biological efficiency of 43.41%, all of which are significantly higher than the existing technical formulas (formulas 2-7) (p<0.05).

[0062] Table 5

[0063] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences, p < 0.05.

[0064] As can be seen from Table 5, the optimal cultivation substrate formula of the present invention (formula 1) has a polysaccharide content of 9.78 mg / g, a crude protein content of 61.18 g / kg, a flavonoid content of 1.48 mg / g, and a triterpenoid content of 2.71 mg / g, all of which are significantly higher than the existing technical formulas (formulas 2-7) (p<0.05).

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation substrate for improving the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia, characterized in that, The cultivation substrate is a culture medium and nutrient supplement with a mass ratio of 56:1-2; The culture medium, by mass percentage, consists of the following components: 40%-45% rubberwood chips, 35%-40% cottonseed hulls, 10%-15% wheat bran, and 5%-6% slaked lime; The rubberwood chips are coarse rubberwood chips with a particle size of 8-10 mm and fine rubberwood chips with a particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm, with a mass ratio of 3:

1. The nutritional supplement is rapeseed pollen.

2. The cultivation substrate for improving the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cultivation substrate is packaged in bags, each bag containing 560g of culture medium and 15g of nutrient supplement, with a total mass of 1.4Kg per bag.

3. The cultivation substrate for improving the yield and quality of *Ganoderma lucidum* sclerotia as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the cultivation substrate includes: (1) Mix rubber wood chips, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran and quicklime evenly to obtain culture medium; (2) Dissolve the nutrient supplement in water, spray it into the culture medium and stir. Add water to the culture medium to a moisture content of 60%-65%, stir evenly, and obtain the target cultivation substrate.

4. The cultivation substrate for improving the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum sclerotia as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the concentration of the nutritional supplement in water is 0.05-0.1 g / mL.

5. A cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of *Ganoderma lucidum* sclerotia, characterized in that, The specific steps include: S1. Bagging and sterilization: The cultivation substrate described in any one of claims 1-4 is packaged into mushroom bags, sterilized by autoclaving, and cooled to room temperature for later use. S2. Inoculation and mycelium culture: Under sterile conditions, inoculate the liquid spawn of Ganoderma lucidum into the sterilized cultivation substrate, and culture in the dark until the mycelium has fully grown the bag. Remove the bag to obtain the mycelium. S3. Understory soil covering cultivation: Turn over, level, clean, and rotary till and ridge the cultivation area. Lay the mushroom logs flat on the bed surface, with two logs arranged in one ridge. The direction of the mushroom logs should be consistent with the direction of the ridge. The spacing between the mushroom logs should be 10-12cm, and the spacing between the mushroom logs in the row should also be 10-12cm. The top surface of the mushroom logs should be covered with soil to a thickness of 5-7cm, and the sides of the bed surface should be covered with soil to a thickness of 8-10cm, forming a turtle back shape. S4. Sclerotium Management and Harvesting: Maintain soil temperature at 25-30℃ and relative moisture content at 60%-80%. Sclerotia will begin to grow on the substrate after 20 days. Cover the substrate with soil and cultivate for 180-185 days until the sclerotia mature and are ready for harvest.

6. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of *Ganoderma lucidum* sclerotia as described in claim 5, characterized in that... In step S1, the high-pressure sterilization is performed at 120-122°C for 110-130 minutes.

7. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of *Ganoderma lucidum* sclerotia as described in claim 5, characterized in that... In step S2, the light-protected culture is carried out for 40 days under conditions of 28-29℃ and 75%-80% relative humidity.

8. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of *Ganoderma lucidum* sclerotia as described in claim 5, characterized in that... In step S3, the cultivation area is tilled, leveled, cleared, and rotary tilled to form ridges. Specifically, the rubber plantation area is tilled to a depth of 35-36 cm, with a distance of 0.5-0.6 m between the rubber trees and the plantation. The spacing between the rubber trees and the trees is 4 m × 6 m. Tree roots and stones with a diameter greater than 4 cm are removed from the planting area. The planting area is rotary tilled to make the soil particle size less than 1.5 mm. Ridges are then formed with a ridge width of 40-42 cm and a ridge depth of 20-22 cm.

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