A multifunctional aquarium water treatment device and its treatment method

Abstract

This invention discloses a multifunctional aquarium water treatment device and its treatment method, belonging to the field of aquarium water treatment technology. It includes a pre-filter, a main water pump, a flow path switching module, a main filter, an outlet switching valve, a main tank drain control valve, and an intelligent controller. The intelligent controller allows the device to switch between inspection and quarantine, salt dispensing and water changing, main filtration purification, and backwashing maintenance modes. This invention overcomes two major technical biases: "quarantine systems must be absolutely physically isolated" and "ultrafiltration membranes are unsuitable as main filtration media." Under shared piping conditions, it utilizes the high-precision interception and bypass-free flow-seal structure of the ultrafiltration membrane to achieve a safe quarantine closed loop. Surface modification enables the ultrafiltration membrane to possess both physical interception and biological nitrification functions, effectively delaying clogging. Compared to existing technologies, this invention achieves significant savings in equipment space and operating time, a substantial improvement in filtration accuracy, and a high degree of integration and intelligent automation in aquarium water treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquarium water treatment technology, specifically relating to a multifunctional aquarium water treatment device and its treatment method. Background Technology

[0002] As people's living standards improve, keeping ornamental fish and corals at home has become an increasingly popular leisure activity. The daily maintenance of an aquarium typically involves three core aspects: inspection and quarantine of newly purchased organisms, preparation of seawater salinity and regular water changes, and continuous filtration and purification of the water. However, in current technology, these three functions are usually performed by separate devices, resulting in a large, cumbersome, and costly overall system.

[0003] Regarding inspection and quarantine, existing technologies disclose isolation systems that utilize independent quarantine boxes in conjunction with PP cotton filter bottles to physically filter water and intercept parasites. However, such systems operate completely independently of the main aquarium, requiring additional space and equipment. Furthermore, the filtration precision of PP cotton is limited, typically only able to intercept larger particles and unable to effectively block microscopic pathogens such as bacteria. In terms of desalination and water changes, existing technologies disclose devices that automatically replenish and change water in marine aquariums through separate water replenishment and water changing mechanisms. However, these devices are functionally limited and fail to integrate with the filtration and quarantine systems. Regarding water filtration, existing technologies disclose filtration schemes using ultrafiltration membrane filters in conjunction with backwash valves, but they do not consider integration with quarantine functions, nor do they address the issue of filter bypass leakage potentially causing quarantine failure.

[0004] Furthermore, two technical biases have long existed in the aquarium water treatment field: First, the belief that "quarantine systems must be absolutely physically isolated," meaning that to prevent cross-infection, the quarantine system must be completely isolated from the main tank system in terms of physical space and piping, and cannot share any water pumps or pipes. Second, the belief that "ultrafiltration membranes are unsuitable as the primary filtration medium," meaning that ultrafiltration membranes have too small pore sizes, are easily clogged in aquarium water with high organic matter and high suspended solids, and that the smooth surface of ordinary ultrafiltration membranes cannot effectively attach nitrifying bacteria, making it difficult to achieve biological filtration.

[0005] Limited by the aforementioned biases, existing technologies lack a technical solution that deeply integrates the three major functions of inspection and quarantine, salinization and water exchange, and main filtration, and achieves automatic switching between multiple modes through intelligent control. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems of the existing aquarium water treatment equipment having scattered functions, insufficient quarantine filtration accuracy, safety hazards of bypass leakage, and cumbersome salt dispensing and water changing operations, so as to provide a multi-functional aquarium water treatment equipment with high integration, good filtration accuracy, safety and reliability and easy operation and its usage method.

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a multifunctional aquarium water treatment device, comprising a pre-filter, a main water pump, a main filter, a main tank drain control valve, and an intelligent controller. The main filter contains a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane assembly and further includes: a flow path switching module, whose inlet is connected to the outlet of the main water pump; the flow path switching module has at least three outlets connected to the main filter, the return inlet of the pre-filter, the return inlet of the main tank, and a waste discharge pipe, respectively; an outlet switching valve, located at the outlet of the main filter, for selectively guiding filtered water to the main tank or the pre-filter; the return inlet of the pre-filter is connected to the flow path switching module; and the intelligent controller is electrically connected to both the flow path switching module and the outlet switching valve, coordinating the opening and closing of the relevant valves to switch the device between inspection and quarantine mode, salt dispensing and water replacement mode, main filtration purification mode, and backwashing maintenance mode.

[0008] Furthermore, the flow path switching module includes a valve group consisting of multiple independently controlled solenoid valves connected in parallel, or an integrated multi-way directional valve that achieves switching between different outlets by rotating or sliding the valve core.

[0009] Furthermore, a bypass-free flow-splitting sealing structure is provided at the pipeline connection between the main filter and the flow path switching module, and between the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module and the housing of the main filter; a differential pressure sensor is embedded in the sealing node of the bypass-free flow-splitting sealing structure to monitor the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet sides of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module in real time.

[0010] Furthermore, the filtration pore size of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module is 0.01 micrometers to 0.2 micrometers; the outer surface of the membrane fibers is treated with hydrophilicity modification and roughness modification to form a microporous topology, so that the membrane fibers have both physical retention function and biological nitrification carrier function.

[0011] Furthermore, the pre-water tank is equipped with a salinity sensor and a liquid level sensor, the liquid level sensor including a high liquid level sensor and a low liquid level sensor; the pre-water tank is also equipped with a heating rod and a temperature sensor; each sensor and heating rod is electrically connected to the intelligent controller.

[0012] Furthermore, the intelligent controller is equipped with an interlocking mechanism to prevent multiple valves in the flow path switching module from being in an unacceptable opening combination state simultaneously.

[0013] This invention also provides a treatment method for a multifunctional aquarium water treatment device based on the above-mentioned equipment, including: an inspection and quarantine mode, forming a closed-loop circulation between the pre-filter and the main filter; a salt-changing and water-changing mode, sequentially performing waste discharge, water injection for salt-changing, and tank entry steps; a main filtration and purification mode, forming an overall water circulation from the main tank to the pre-filter, then to the main filter, and finally back to the main tank; and a backwashing maintenance mode, allowing water to pass through the ultrafiltration membrane in reverse to flush away dirt before discharge.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention overcomes the technical bias that "quarantine systems must be absolutely physically isolated." Through the multi-functional reuse of the pre-filter tank and the coordinated design of the flow path switching module and the outlet switching valve, this invention achieves a safe quarantine closed loop under non-physical isolation conditions, while sharing pipelines and pumps. It utilizes the high-precision physical retention of the ultrafiltration membrane, combined with a bypass-free flow-diversion sealing structure and real-time monitoring by a differential pressure sensor. This significantly saves equipment space and costs.

[0015] 2. This invention overcomes the technical prejudice that "ultrafiltration membranes are unsuitable as the primary filtration medium." By modifying the surface microporous topology of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, this invention provides a large attachment surface area for nitrifying bacteria while maintaining high-precision physical retention capabilities. This allows a single membrane module to simultaneously achieve both physical and biological filtration functions. Furthermore, combined with an automatic backwashing mode based on differential pressure monitoring, it effectively solves the problem of easy clogging of ultrafiltration membranes.

[0016] 3. High-precision safety quarantine is achieved. Using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane with a pore size of 0.01 to 0.2 microns as the core element of the quarantine filtration, it effectively intercepts bacteria and parasite larvae in the water, improving filtration precision by one to two orders of magnitude compared to traditional PP cotton. The innovative bypass-free flow-diversion sealing structure, combined with an embedded differential pressure sensor, ensures that all water passes through the ultrafiltration membrane from both structural and monitoring perspectives, eliminating the risk of bypass leakage.

[0017] 4. Intelligent adaptive closed-loop control has been achieved. By equipping the device with a salinity sensor, level sensor, temperature sensor, and differential pressure sensor, and combining them with an intelligent controller, the device achieves adaptive adjustment of salt concentration, safety protection against overflow and dry burning, automatic maintenance of quarantine water temperature, and online monitoring and automatic backwashing of membrane fouling. This greatly simplifies user operation and significantly shortens the time required for maintenance tasks such as water changes. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the aquarium water treatment equipment in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and control connection of the electromagnetic valve group scheme used in the flow path switching module in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water flow direction of the device in four working modes in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of the bypass-free flow-diverting sealing structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal mode switching and control process of the intelligent controller of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall process of the water treatment control method of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a detailed control flowchart of the salt-water exchange mode of the present invention.

[0019] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Pre-water tank; 11. Salinity sensor; 12. Liquid level sensor; 13. Heating rod; 14. Temperature sensor; 2. Main water pump; 3. Flow path switching module; 4. Main filter; 41. Hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module; 5. Waste discharge pipeline; 6. Main cylinder water discharge control valve; 7. Intelligent controller; 8. Bypass-free diversion sealing structure; 81. Differential pressure sensor; 9. Water outlet switching valve; 100. Main cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is merely used to describe one or more specific embodiments of this invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically claimed by this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] Example 1: Equipment Structure and Connection Relationships See Figure 1-4 This embodiment provides a multifunctional aquarium water treatment device. The device is installed in the cabinet below the main tank 100 of the aquarium. The structure, position and connection relationship of each component are described in detail below.

[0022] (a) Pre-filter The pre-filter tank 1 is located below the main aquarium tank 100 and is made of transparent material such as acrylic or glass. Its volume is sufficient to meet the needs of quarantine and desalination operations. The bottom of the pre-filter tank 1 has an outlet, which is connected to the inlet of the main water pump 2 via a pipe. The return outlet of the pre-filter tank 1 is connected to one outlet of the flow path switching module 3 via a pipe, used to receive filtered water or form an internal circulation. A salinity sensor 11 and a level sensor 12 are installed inside the pre-filter tank 1. The level sensor 12 includes a high level sensor and a low level sensor, installed at different heights within the tank. In addition, the pre-filter tank 1 also contains a heater 13 and a temperature sensor 14, both fixed to the inner wall of the tank, used to regulate and maintain the water temperature in quarantine mode.

[0023] (ii) Main water pump The main water pump 2 is a variable frequency water pump. Its inlet is connected to the outlet at the bottom of the pre-tank 1 via a pipeline, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the flow path switching module 3 via a pipeline. The main water pump 2 is installed below or to the side of the pre-tank 1, and its position is lower than the outlet of the pre-tank 1 to ensure smooth water intake.

[0024] (III) Flow path switching module The inlet of the flow path switching module 3 is connected to the outlet of the main water pump 2 via a pipeline. The flow path switching module 3 has at least three outlets, which are respectively connected to the inlet of the main filter 4, the return outlet of the pre-filter tank 1, the return outlet of the main cylinder 100, and the waste discharge pipeline 5 via pipelines. In this embodiment, the flow path switching module 3 adopts a valve group composed of multiple independently controlled normally closed solenoid valves connected in parallel, specifically including: a first solenoid valve V1, whose outlet is connected to the inlet of the main filter 4; a second solenoid valve V2, whose outlet is connected to the return outlet of the pre-filter tank 1; a third solenoid valve V3, whose outlet is connected to the return outlet of the main cylinder 100; and a fourth solenoid valve V4, whose outlet is connected to the waste discharge pipeline 5. All solenoid valves are integrated and installed on the same valve plate, located between the main water pump 2 and the main filter 4.

[0025] (iv) Main filter and hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module The main filter 4 adopts a vertical cylindrical structure. Its inlet is connected to the outlet of the first solenoid valve V1 of the flow path switching module 3 via a pipeline, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the outlet switching valve 9 via a pipeline. The main filter 4 contains a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module 41, which is fixed inside the housing of the main filter 4, dividing the inner cavity of the housing into an inlet side and an outlet side. The filtration pore size of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module 41 is 0.01 micrometers to 0.2 micrometers (preferably 0.05 micrometers in this embodiment). The outer surface of the membrane fibers undergoes hydrophilic modification and roughness modification treatment to form a microporous topology, enabling the membrane fibers to simultaneously possess physical retention and biological nitrification carrier functions.

[0026] [Comparative Experiment Data 1: Performance Comparison of Ultrafiltration Membranes Before and After Modification] To verify the unexpected technical effects achieved in overcoming the technical prejudice that "ultrafiltration membranes are unsuitable as the primary filtration medium," the applicant conducted a 90-day comparative experiment. Experimental conditions: Two identical 300-liter seawater aquariums were used, one with a modified ultrafiltration membrane (this invention) and the other with an unmodified ordinary ultrafiltration membrane as the primary filtration medium, and both were fed the same amount of food daily. The experimental results are as follows: ; Data shows that hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes modified with surface microporous topology not only significantly improve biological nitrification capacity but also effectively extend the clogging cycle, making them fully capable of serving as the main filtration medium for aquariums.

[0027] (v) Non-bypass shunt sealing structure and differential pressure sensor At the pipe connection between the main filter 4 and the flow path switching module 3, a bypass-free flow-diverting sealing structure 8 is provided. This sealing structure uses double O-rings or end-sealing to ensure that there is no bypass leakage of water at the connection. Simultaneously, a bypass-free flow-diverting sealing structure 8 is also provided between the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module 41 and the housing of the main filter 4, ensuring that all water entering the main filter 4 must pass through the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module 41. A differential pressure sensor 81 is embedded at the sealing node of the above-mentioned sealing structure. The two sensing ends of the differential pressure sensor 81 are located on the inlet and outlet sides of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module 41, respectively, for real-time monitoring of the pressure difference between the two sides.

[0028] (vi) Outlet water switching valve The outlet switching valve 9 is located at the outlet of the main filter 4, and its inlet is connected to the outlet of the main filter 4 via a pipeline. The outlet switching valve 9 has two outlets: the first outlet is connected to the return port of the main cylinder 100 via a pipeline, and the second outlet is connected to the return port of the pre-filter 1 via a pipeline. The outlet switching valve 9 is an electrically operated three-way switching valve, used to selectively guide the filtered water to the main cylinder 100 or the pre-filter 1.

[0029] (vii) Main cylinder water drain control valve The main cylinder drain control valve 6 is located on the drain pipe of the main cylinder 100, specifically between the drain outlet at the bottom of the main cylinder 100 and the inlet of the pre-water tank 1. This valve is used to control whether the water in the main cylinder 100 can flow into the pre-water tank 1 by gravity.

[0030] (viii) Intelligent controller The intelligent controller 7 is an embedded microcontroller installed on the control panel inside the cabinet. The intelligent controller 7 is electrically connected to the main water pump 2, the solenoid valves of the flow path switching module 3, the outlet switching valve 9, the main cylinder water discharge control valve 6, the salinity sensor 11, the liquid level sensor 12, the heating rod 13, the temperature sensor 14, and the differential pressure sensor 81 via signal lines.

[0031] The intelligent controller 7 incorporates an interlock mechanism to prevent multiple valves in the flow path switching module 3 from simultaneously being in an incompatible opening combination. This interlock mechanism is implemented using software: the microcontroller of the intelligent controller 7 has an interlock control program programmed into it, which performs real-time logical judgment on the output states of the first solenoid valve V1, the second solenoid valve V2, the third solenoid valve V3, and the fourth solenoid valve V4. The interlock logic is set as follows: when V1 is open, V2, V3, and V4 are prohibited from opening; when V2 is open, V1, V3, and V4 are prohibited from opening; when V3 is open, V1, V2, and V4 are prohibited from opening; when V4 is open, V1, V2, and V3 are prohibited from opening. Based on the currently selected operating mode, the program only enables the control output of the target solenoid valve, while forcibly deactivating the outputs of all non-target solenoid valves. Before switching valve states, the controller also reads back the feedback signals of each solenoid valve; if an abnormality is detected, the main water pump 2 is immediately stopped and an alarm is triggered. By coordinating the opening and closing states of the flow path switching module 3, the outlet water switching valve 9, and the main cylinder water discharge control valve 6, the intelligent controller 7 enables the equipment to switch between inspection and quarantine mode, salt water exchange mode, main filtration and purification mode, and backwashing maintenance mode.

[0032] Example 2: Alternative Solution to the Flow Path Switching Module The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the implementation method of the flow path switching module 3. In this embodiment, the flow path switching module 3 adopts an integrated multi-way reversing valve. This integrated multi-way reversing valve has one inlet and four outlets. The valve body is equipped with a rotary valve core or a sliding valve core. The valve core is driven to rotate or slide by a stepper motor, so that the inlet is connected to different outlets in sequence. The inlet of the valve is connected to the outlet of the main water pump 2 through a pipeline. The four outlets are respectively connected to the inlet of the main filter 4, the return port of the pre-filter tank 1, the return port of the main cylinder 100, and the waste discharge pipeline 5 through pipelines. This integrated solution reduces pipeline joints and sealing points, reducing the risk of leakage.

[0033] Example 3: Device-based processing method Based on the above equipment, this embodiment details the specific control methods for the four operating modes, as well as the water flow direction and valve status in each mode. The overall process can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 5 and Figure 6 .

[0034] (I) Inspection and Quarantine Model When quarantine is required for newly purchased organisms in main tank 100, the inspection and quarantine mode is selected via intelligent controller 7. Intelligent controller 7 performs the following operations: First, the main cylinder drain control valve 6 is closed, cutting off the water connection between the main cylinder 100 and the pre-water tank 1, so that the water in the main cylinder 100 cannot flow into the pre-water tank 1.

[0035] Secondly, the flow path switching module 3 controls the opening of the first solenoid valve V1 and simultaneously closes the second solenoid valve V2, the third solenoid valve V3 and the fourth solenoid valve V4, thereby directing all the water pumped out by the main water pump 2 to the inlet of the main filter 4.

[0036] Next, control the outlet switching valve 9 to switch it to the position connecting to the return water port of the pre-filter tank 1, so that the filtered water flowing out of the outlet of the main filter 4 flows back to the pre-filter tank 1 through the pipeline.

[0037] Finally, start the main water pump 2, driving the water in the pre-filter tank 1 to flow sequentially through the outlet of the pre-filter tank 1 → the main water pump 2 → the flow path switching module 3 (V1 passage) → the main filter 4 (passing through the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane assembly 41) → the outlet switching valve 9 (pre-filter passage) → the return port of the pre-filter tank 1, forming a closed loop circulation between the pre-filter tank 1 and the main filter 4.

[0038] In this mode, the differential pressure sensor 81, embedded in the bypass-free flow-blocking sealing structure 8, continuously monitors the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet sides of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module 41. When an abnormality occurs in the transmembrane pressure difference (such as a sudden increase or decrease), the intelligent controller 7 immediately stops the main water pump 2 and issues an alarm. At the same time, the intelligent controller 7 controls the heating rod 13 to operate, maintaining the water temperature in the pre-water tank 1 within a range consistent with or close to that of the main tank 100 based on feedback from the temperature sensor 14.

[0039] [Comparative Experiment Data 2: Safety Verification of Non-Physical Isolation and Quarantine Mode] To verify the unexpected technical effectiveness achieved by overcoming the technical bias that "quarantine systems must be absolutely physically isolated," the applicant conducted a 30-day comparative quarantine experiment for white spot disease (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis). Experimental conditions: The experimental group used the equipment of this invention (sharing the main water pump and some piping, not absolutely physically isolated), while the control group used a traditional independent quarantine tank with PP cotton filtration (absolute physical isolation). Both quarantine tanks contained fish infected with white spot disease, while the main tank contained healthy fish. The experimental results are as follows: ; Data shows that this invention, through the high-precision physical retention of ultrafiltration membranes combined with a bypass-free shunt sealing structure and real-time monitoring by differential pressure sensors, achieves quarantine security equal to or even higher than that of absolute physical isolation under non-physical isolation conditions, successfully breaking through traditional technological biases.

[0040] (II) Salt-removing water exchange mode When water needs to be changed or new seawater needs to be prepared, the intelligent controller 7 selects the salinization and water change mode. The intelligent controller 7 then executes the following three sub-steps in sequence: Waste discharge procedure: Control flow path switching module 3 to open the fourth solenoid valve V4 and close other solenoid valves; control the outlet water switching valve 9 to any position (in this mode, the main filter 4 does not participate in operation); start the main water pump 2, and the old water in the pre-filter tank 1 is discharged through the outlet of the pre-filter tank 1 → main water pump 2 → flow path switching module 3 (V4 passage) → waste discharge pipeline 5. When the low liquid level sensor is triggered, the main water pump 2 is stopped.

[0041] The process of adding fresh water and sea salt is as follows: After the user injects fresh water and adds sea salt into the pre-tank 1, the flow path switching module 3 opens the second solenoid valve V2 and closes the other solenoid valves; the main water pump 2 is started, and the water forms an internal circulation within the pre-tank 1. The flow path is: outlet of pre-tank 1 → main water pump 2 → flow path switching module 3 (V2 path) → return outlet of pre-tank 1. This high-speed internal circulation accelerates the dissolution of sea salt, and the salinity sensor 11 monitors the salinity in real time until the salinity stabilizes within the preset range (corresponding to a seawater specific gravity of 1.020-1.026).

[0042] Tank entry procedure: Once the salinity stabilizes, the control flow path switching module 3 opens the third solenoid valve V3 and closes the other solenoid valves; the control outlet switching valve 9 is switched to the position pointing to the main tank 100 (if not previously set); the main water pump 2 is started, and the newly prepared seawater is pumped into the main tank 100 through the outlet of the pre-filter tank 1 → main water pump 2 → flow path switching module 3 (V3 path) → return port of the main tank 100. At the same time, the intelligent controller 7 can simultaneously open the main tank drain control valve 6, allowing an equal amount of old water in the main tank 100 to flow into the pre-filter tank 1 by gravity through the main tank drain control valve 6, achieving equal volume replacement water exchange.

[0043] (III) Main Filtration and Purification Mode During normal feeding periods, the equipment operates in main filtration and purification mode. The intelligent controller 7 performs the following operations: First, open the main cylinder drain control valve 6 so that the water in the main cylinder 100 flows into the pre-water tank 1 by gravity through the drain pipe.

[0044] Secondly, the control flow path switching module 3 opens the first solenoid valve V1 and closes the other solenoid valves, directing the water to the main filter 4.

[0045] Next, control the outlet switching valve 9 to switch to the position pointing to the main cylinder 100, and guide the water filtered by the main filter 4 to the return port of the main cylinder 100.

[0046] Finally, the main water pump 2 is started, forming a complete water circulation path: Main cylinder 100 → Main cylinder drain control valve 6 → Pre-filter tank 1 → Pre-filter tank 1 outlet → Main water pump 2 → Flow path switching module 3 (V1 passage) → Main filter 4 (passing through hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module 41) → Outlet switching valve 9 (main cylinder passage) → Main cylinder 100 return port → Main cylinder 100. In this mode, the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module 41 not only performs high-precision physical retention, but its surface-modified microporous topology also provides an attachment carrier for nitrifying bacteria, simultaneously completing the biological nitrification process.

[0047] (iv) Backwashing maintenance mode When the differential pressure sensor 81 detects that the transmembrane differential pressure exceeds a preset threshold, the intelligent controller 7 automatically activates the backwashing maintenance mode. The user can also manually activate this mode. The intelligent controller 7 performs the following operations: First, stop main water pump 2.

[0048] Secondly, the control flow path switching module 3 closes the first solenoid valve V1 and the third solenoid valve V3, and opens the fourth solenoid valve V4; the control outlet water switching valve 9 is placed in any position (the water flow is reversed during backwashing and does not pass through the outlet water switching valve).

[0049] Then, by using an auxiliary backwash pump (installed on the waste discharge pipe 5) or by utilizing the gravitational potential energy of the main cylinder 100 water level, the clean water flows in reverse through the main filter 4, that is, from the outlet side of the main filter 4, it passes through the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module 41 and enters the inlet side of the main filter 4, washing off the dirt attached to the membrane surface, and then is discharged through the inlet of the main filter 4 → flow path switching module 3 (V4 passage) → waste discharge pipe 5.

[0050] After the backwash continues for a preset time, it will automatically switch back to the main filter purification mode.

[0051] (v) Closed-loop safety protection steps During the operation of all the above modes, the intelligent controller 7 also executes closed-loop safety protection steps based on sensor feedback, specifically including: When the high liquid level sensor is triggered, water injection will stop and an overflow alarm will be issued; When the low liquid level sensor is triggered and the main water pump 2 is still running, stop the main water pump 2 immediately; When differential pressure sensor 81 detects a sealing abnormality (such as a sudden drop in transmembrane differential pressure or a sustained zero pressure), it immediately stops the main water pump 2 and issues a sealing fault alarm. Example 4 Combined with appendix Figure 5 and attached Figure 6This embodiment summarizes the opening and closing states of each valve and component under four operating modes in tabular form to clearly demonstrate the flow path switching logic under different modes. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The specific status is as follows: ; It should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Technical details not described in detail in the above embodiments can be found in the accompanying drawings and the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing sections of this specification.

[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multifunctional aquarium water treatment device, comprising a pre-water tank (1), a main water pump (2), a main filter (4), a main tank drain control valve (6), and an intelligent controller (7), wherein the main filter (4) is internally equipped with a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane assembly (41), characterized in that, Also includes: The flow path switching module (3) has its inlet end connected to the outlet end of the main water pump (2). The flow path switching module (3) has at least three outlet ends, which are respectively connected to the main filter (4), the return water port of the pre-water tank (1), the return water port of the main cylinder (100), and the waste discharge pipe (5). The outlet switching valve (9) is located at the outlet end of the main filter (4) and is used to selectively guide the filtered water to the main cylinder (100) or the pre-water tank (1). The return port of the pre-water tank (1) is connected to the flow path switching module (3) to receive filtered water or form an internal circulation. The intelligent controller (7) is electrically connected to the flow path switching module (3) and the outlet water switching valve (9) respectively. By coordinating the opening and closing states of the flow path switching module (3), the outlet water switching valve (9) and the main cylinder water control valve (6), the equipment can switch between inspection and quarantine mode, salt water exchange mode, main filtration purification mode and backwashing maintenance mode. In the inspection and quarantine mode, the main cylinder water control valve (6) is closed, the flow path switching module (3) directs the water to the main filter (4), and the outlet water switching valve (9) guides the filtered water back to the pre-water tank (1), forming a closed loop between the pre-water tank (1) and the main filter (4).

2. The multifunctional aquarium water treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow path switching module (3) includes a valve group consisting of multiple independently controlled solenoid valves connected in parallel, or an integrated multi-way directional valve that achieves switching between different outlets by rotating or sliding the valve core.

3. The multifunctional aquarium water treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipeline connection between the main filter (4) and the flow path switching module (3), as well as the connection between the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module (41) and the housing of the main filter (4), are provided with a bypass-free flow diversion sealing structure (8); a differential pressure sensor (81) is embedded in the sealing node of the bypass-free flow diversion sealing structure (8) to monitor the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet sides of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module (41) in real time.

4. The multifunctional aquarium water treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtration pore size of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module (41) is 0.01 micrometers to 0.2 micrometers; the outer surface of the membrane fibers of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module (41) is modified with hydrophilicity and roughness to form a microporous topology, so that the membrane fibers have both physical retention function and biological nitrification carrier function.

5. The multifunctional aquarium water treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-water tank (1) is equipped with a salinity sensor (11) and a liquid level sensor (12), the liquid level sensor (12) including a high liquid level sensor and a low liquid level sensor; the pre-water tank (1) is also equipped with a heating rod (13) and a temperature sensor (14); the salinity sensor (11), the liquid level sensor (12), the heating rod (13) and the temperature sensor (14) are electrically connected to the intelligent controller (7) respectively.

6. A multifunctional aquarium water treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent controller (7) is equipped with an interlock mechanism, which is used to prevent multiple valves in the flow path switching module (3) from being in an unacceptable opening combination state at the same time.

7. A multifunctional aquarium water treatment method based on the device described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The following working modes are included: Inspection and quarantine mode: control the main cylinder water control valve (6) to close, control the flow path switching module (3) to guide the water to the main filter (4), control the outlet water switching valve (9) to guide the filtered water to the pre-water tank (1), forming a closed loop between the pre-water tank (1) and the main filter (4); Salting and water changing mode: The waste discharge sub-step, the water injection and salting sub-step and the tank entry sub-step are executed in sequence. The waste discharge sub-step discharges the old water in the pre-water tank (1) through the waste discharge pipe (5). The water injection and salting sub-step accelerates the dissolution of sea salt through internal circulation and monitors the salinity in real time by the salinity sensor (11). The tank entry sub-step pumps the freshly prepared seawater into the main tank (100) after the salinity stabilizes. Main filtration purification mode: control the main cylinder water outlet control valve (6) to open, control the flow path switching module (3) to guide the water to the main filter (4), control the outlet switching valve (9) to guide the filtered water to the main cylinder (100), forming the main cylinder (100) → the pre-water tank (1) → the main filter (4) → the main cylinder (100) of the overall water circulation; Backwashing maintenance mode: Water flows backward through the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module (41) to flush away dirt on the membrane surface and then discharge it through the waste discharge pipe (5).

8. The water treatment method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the inspection and quarantine mode, the differential pressure sensor (81) embedded in the bypass-free shunt sealing structure (8) continuously monitors the sealing status of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module (41). When the transmembrane pressure difference is abnormal, the intelligent controller (7) immediately stops the main water pump (2) and issues an alarm. Furthermore, the intelligent controller (7) controls the heating rod (13) to work and maintains the water temperature in the pre-water tank (1) within the same range as the main cylinder (100) based on the feedback from the temperature sensor (14).

9. The water treatment method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the salt-replacing water exchange mode, the preset range of salinity corresponds to a seawater specific gravity of 1.020 to 1.026; in the tank entry step, the intelligent controller (7) simultaneously opens the main tank water discharge control valve (6), so that an equal amount of old water in the main tank (100) flows into the pre-water tank (1), realizing equal-volume replacement water exchange.

10. The water treatment method according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes closed-loop safety protection steps based on sensor feedback: When the high liquid level sensor is triggered, water injection will stop and an overflow alarm will be issued; When the low liquid level sensor is triggered and the main water pump (2) is still running, the main water pump (2) shall be stopped immediately. When the differential pressure sensor (81) detects a sealing abnormality, the main water pump (2) is immediately stopped and a sealing fault alarm is issued.

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