Non-stick materials and their preparation methods, applications of non-stick materials as coating raw materials, and cookware

Abstract

This application provides a non-stick material, its preparation method, its application as a spray coating material, and cookware. The preparation method of the non-stick material includes: mixing a first metal compound and a second metal compound to obtain a mixture, wherein the first metal compound includes rare earth metal compounds and / or alkaline earth metal compounds, and the second metal compound includes transition metal compounds; heating the mixture to melt it, causing the first and second metal compounds to react with each other; and performing a cooling process to obtain an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure, which serves as the non-stick material. The non-stick layer formed by this non-stick material has low surface energy and good impact toughness, thereby achieving durable non-stick properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of non-stick household containers, and more specifically, to a non-stick material for cookware or cups, a method for preparing the same, the application of the non-stick material as a coating material, and cookware. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the non-stick industry, and addressing the environmental and durability shortcomings of organic coatings, the industry has shifted towards developing inorganic amorphous solid spraying materials. Inorganic solid spraying materials can form a non-stick layer that meets the requirements of cookware, and because they use inorganic ceramic materials to replace organic polymer materials, they can achieve a "no organic layer" non-stick effect, thus being favored by most users for a considerable period of time.

[0003] However, although coatings formed by inorganic solid spraying materials have good non-stick properties, they are also brittle. When subjected to external forces (such as scraping with a spatula or dropping), cracks are easily generated and spread rapidly, causing the coating to peel off locally or entirely, which will greatly affect the long-lasting non-stick properties of the non-stick layer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of this application is to provide a non-stick material and its preparation method, the application of the non-stick material as a spray coating raw material, and cookware, so as to solve the problem that the long-lasting non-stick properties of the existing non-stick material layer are poor due to easy cracking.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this application, a method for preparing a non-stick material is provided, wherein the method comprises the following steps: mixing a first metal compound and a second metal compound to obtain a mixture, wherein the first metal compound includes a rare earth metal compound and / or an alkaline earth metal compound, and the second metal compound includes a transition metal compound; heating the mixture to perform melting, causing the first metal compound and the second metal compound to react with each other; and performing a cooling process to obtain an inorganic non-metallic compound having a polycrystalline structure as a non-stick material.

[0006] According to the non-stick material preparation method of this application embodiment, by pre-mixing various metal compounds, effective contact between the various metal compounds in the mixture can be ensured, thereby improving the contact reliability of each atom during the melting process. This promotes the interaction of atoms in the first and second metal compounds to form inorganic non-metallic compounds. Subsequently, a cooling process promotes the uniform nucleation of polycrystalline structures, thereby forming an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure, which serves as a non-stick material. Compared with the same material having a crystalline structure, during the melting process, the ions of the first and second metal compounds can migrate from high-energy positions (such as the surface and defects) to low-energy positions (grain boundaries and within grains), thereby reducing surface energy and achieving non-stick properties. In addition, compared with the same material having an amorphous structure (completely disordered atomic arrangement, lacking long-range periodic structure) or a crystalline structure, having a polycrystalline structure can ensure the impact toughness of the inorganic non-metallic compound, making the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material less prone to partial or overall peeling off when subjected to external forces (such as scraping with a spatula or dropping), thereby significantly improving the long-lasting non-stick properties of cookware with a non-stick layer.

[0007] In some embodiments, the step of heating the mixture for melting includes: heating the mixture to a temperature 30°C-100°C above the highest melting point of the metal compound in the mixture, and melting at the temperature for 3-6 hours.

[0008] In these embodiments, heating the mixture with the highest melting point of the metal compound in the mixture allows the mixture to fully melt and form a mixed molten liquid. After melting, the high-temperature energy of smelting accelerates the diffusion of various ions in the mixed molten liquid, promotes component homogenization, and forms a liquid inorganic non-metallic compound. This reduces the possibility of impurity phases forming due to component segregation, thereby avoiding the influence of impurity phases on the surface energy of the inorganic non-metallic compound and ensuring the non-stick properties of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material and the non-stick uniformity of each region.

[0009] In some embodiments, the cooling rate of the cooling process is controlled between 10°C / min and 20°C / min. By controlling the cooling rate, the size of the grains can be effectively controlled to obtain a polycrystalline structure with micron- and nano-sized grains.

[0010] In some embodiments, the cooling process is an annealing process. Annealing can prevent abnormal grain growth, forming a fine and uniform grain structure, thereby helping to improve the hardness, toughness, and wear resistance of the inorganic non-metallic compound, while eliminating internal stress. In addition, annealing can eliminate high-temperature atomic diffusion component segregation, making the material composition more uniform, thereby improving the consistency and stability of its bulk non-stick material.

[0011] In some embodiments, the annealing process is a multi-stage annealing, specifically including: cooling to 1100℃-1300℃ and holding for 0.5h-2h; continuing to cool to 700℃-900℃ and holding for 5h-15h, and then cooling to room temperature.

[0012] In these embodiments, the annealing process includes two stages: high-temperature holding and low-temperature holding. Through the nucleation effect of high-temperature holding and the inhibition effect of low-temperature holding, the two work together to break through the grain coarsening limit of a single annealing process, thereby improving the grain refinement of the polycrystalline structure of inorganic non-metallic compounds.

[0013] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the non-stick material further includes: crushing the inorganic non-metallic compound having a polycrystalline structure; pressing the crushed inorganic non-metallic compound into an initial target material; pressing and sintering the initial target material under a protective atmosphere to obtain a non-stick material used as a target material.

[0014] In these embodiments, the initial target compact can shrink under the successive effects of pressing pressure and sintering temperature, achieving high densification and improving the bonding strength of the non-stick material used as the target. This prevents the non-stick material used as the target from cracking during sputtering, thus meeting the actual requirements of physical vapor deposition processes.

[0015] According to this application, the first metal compound and the second metal compound have the same anion type during smelting. This avoids interference from anions in the reaction process, thereby reducing side reactions in the molten mixture formed during high-temperature smelting. It also enables the formation of a relatively pure inorganic non-metallic compound through the coordination and recombination of metal elements under high-temperature reaction.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first metal compound is selected from at least one of oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, and the second metal compound is selected from oxides; or, the first metal compound is selected from chlorides, and the second metal compound is selected from chlorides; or, the first metal compound is selected from iodides, and the second metal compound is selected from iodides.

[0017] In these embodiments, the first metal compound is selected from at least one of oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. These first metal compounds are thermally decomposed before melting to form corresponding metal oxides, and have the same anion type as the second metal compound. Based on this, the first metal compound and the second metal compound under the above-defined conditions can have the same anion type during melting, and these compounds can react to form structurally stable inorganic non-metallic compounds. At the same time, the overall food safety and manufacturing convenience of inorganic non-metallic compounds can be balanced.

[0018] In some embodiments, the transition metal compound includes at least one of titanium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, titanium chloride, manganese chloride, iron chloride, cobalt chloride, titanium iodide, manganese iodide, iron iodide, and cobalt iodide; and / or, the alkaline earth metal compound includes at least one of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, calcium chloride, strontium chloride, barium chloride, calcium iodide, strontium iodide, and barium iodide; and / or, the rare earth metal compound includes at least one of lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum chloride, neodymium chloride, yttrium chloride, lanthanum iodide, neodymium iodide, and yttrium iodide.

[0019] In the above embodiments, the specific combination of metal compounds (two-way combinations between transition metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth metal compounds) can form inorganic non-metallic compounds with polycrystalline structures and stable structures. At the same time, it can balance the overall food safety and manufacturing convenience of inorganic non-metallic compounds.

[0020] According to this application, when the first metal compound is an alkaline earth metal compound, the atomic ratio of alkaline earth metal elements in the first metal compound to transition metal elements in the second metal compound is 2:3-3:2; when the first metal compound is a rare earth metal compound, the atomic ratio of rare earth metal elements in the first metal compound to transition metal elements in the second metal compound is 2:3-3:2; when the first metal compound is both a rare earth metal compound and an alkaline earth metal compound, the ratio of the total number of rare earth metal elements and alkaline earth elements in the first metal compound to the number of transition metal elements in the second metal compound is 2:3-3:2.

[0021] In these embodiments, the atomic ratio of the metal elements in the first metal compound and the second metal compound can control the grain size and distribution of the final product, suppress side reactions, and thus affect the purity of the polycrystalline inorganic non-metallic compound in the non-stick material.

[0022] In some embodiments, the median particle size of the first metal compound and the second metal compound in the mixture is 1.5 μm-2.5 μm, respectively. Such a small particle size allows each metal compound particle in the mixture to have a large specific surface area, exposing more active sites, thereby greatly increasing the contact area between the two metal compounds. This shortens the diffusion path of each ion in the subsequent mixed melt, increases the contact probability, and thus accelerates the chemical reaction rate and shortens the time for forming non-metallic compounds, thereby accelerating the formation of inorganic non-metallic compounds with polycrystalline structures.

[0023] According to a second aspect of this application, a non-stick material is provided, wherein the non-stick material is a non-stick material prepared according to the above-described method or a non-stick material prepared according to the above-described method.

[0024] According to a third aspect of this application, an application of a non-stick material as a spray coating material is provided, wherein the non-stick material is used as a spray coating material for cookware or cups, and is a non-stick material prepared according to the above-described non-stick material or a non-stick material prepared according to the above-described non-stick material preparation method.

[0025] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a cookware is provided, wherein the cookware includes a substrate and a non-stick layer formed on the substrate, wherein the non-stick layer is formed of a non-stick material, the non-stick material being either the non-stick material described above or a non-stick material prepared according to the method for preparing the non-stick material described above. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and / or other features and aspects of the inventive concept will become clear and readily understood through the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 and Figure 2 These are SEM images of non-stick materials prepared according to the non-stick material preparation method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 The XRD pattern of the non-stick material provided in the embodiments of this application is shown. Figures 4 to 6 These are SIM photographs taken at different magnifications of the same location of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material according to the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a SIM photograph of another location of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material according to the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the cookware provided in the embodiment of this application after being cut along the thickness direction; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Enlarged structural diagram at point I; Figure 10 and Figure 11 This is an SEM image of the non-adhesive layer provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Symbol explanation: 100. Cookware; 110. Substrate; 111. Raised area; 112. Groove; 120. Non-stick layer. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Example embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail.

[0030] Fluoropolymer coatings are common organic non-stick coatings. However, while non-stick coatings made with fluorine-based coatings have excellent initial non-stick properties, they are easily damaged by spatulas and prone to aging or decomposition due to high temperatures during use. These problems have seriously affected the lifespan of non-stick coatings formed with fluorine-based coatings, resulting in generally poor long-term non-stick performance. Furthermore, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS) are indispensable raw materials for the synthesis of fluorine-based coatings. As industry regulations on PFAS become increasingly stringent, the withdrawal of fluorine-based coatings from cookware is inevitable. This also means that the materials available for non-stick coatings on cookware are gradually decreasing, thus creating a pressing need for developing new non-stick materials in the cookware manufacturing industry.

[0031] Currently, no organic material with a lower surface energy than fluoropolymer coatings has been found, but the cookware industry's demand for non-stick coatings remains constant. Ceramic coatings are now considered a potential replacement for fluoropolymer coatings. Ceramic coatings are liquid organic coatings with silicone oil as the main non-stick component. The resulting polysiloxane non-stick coating, while initially possessing non-stick properties close to fluoropolymer coatings, quickly loses its non-stick effect as the silicone oil is continuously consumed by the high temperatures during cooking. Therefore, the long-lasting non-stick properties of ceramic coatings cannot meet the non-stick requirements of cookware.

[0032] With the development of the non-stick industry, in response to the environmental and durability shortcomings of organic coatings, the industry has turned to the development of inorganic amorphous solid spraying materials (such as composite oxides with amorphous structures and polymetallic cationic metal salts with amorphous structures). These inorganic amorphous solid spraying materials can form a non-stick layer that meets the requirements of cookware non-sticking, and because they use inorganic ceramic materials to replace organic polymer materials, they can achieve a "no organic layer" non-stick effect, and therefore have been favored by most users for a long time.

[0033] However, although the coatings formed by existing inorganic amorphous solid spraying materials have good non-stick properties, they are also brittle. When subjected to external forces (such as scraping with a spatula or dropping), cracks are easily generated and rapidly propagated, causing the coating to peel off locally or entirely, which will significantly affect the long-lasting non-stick properties of the non-stick layer.

[0034] Based on this, the inventors discovered that by forming an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure, which can be used as a non-stick material, the impact resistance and non-stick properties of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material can be achieved, thereby achieving the purpose of long-lasting non-stickness.

[0035] According to a first aspect of this application, a method for preparing a non-stick material for cookware or cups is provided. The method includes mixing a first metal compound having a crystalline structure and a second metal compound having a crystalline structure to obtain a mixture, wherein the first metal compound includes rare earth metal compounds and / or alkaline earth metal compounds, and the second metal compound includes transition metal compounds; heating the mixture to melt it, causing the first metal compound and the second metal compound to react with each other; and performing a cooling process to obtain a non-stick material primarily composed of an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure.

[0036] In these embodiments, the inorganic non-metallic compound is a product obtained by the reaction of the first and second metallic compounds described above. The non-stick material is primarily composed of inorganic non-metallic compounds, meaning that in addition to containing inorganic non-metallic compounds, the non-stick material also contains metallic materials and may contain trace amounts of unavoidable impurities.

[0037] According to the method for preparing non-stick materials in this application, by pre-mixing various metal compounds, effective contact between the various metal compounds in the mixture can be ensured, thereby improving the contact reliability of each atom of the first metal compound and the second metal compound during the melting process. This allows the first metal compound and the second metal compound, which have crystalline structures, to react synergistically after melting due to material properties (e.g., internal atomic radius) to form an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure. Subsequently, a cooling process promotes the uniform nucleation of the polycrystalline structure, thereby forming an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure as a non-stick material. Compared with the same material having a crystalline structure, during the melting process, the ions of the first metal compound and the second metal compound can migrate from high-energy positions (e.g., surface, defects) to low-energy positions (grain boundaries, intragranular areas), thereby reducing surface energy and achieving non-stick properties. In addition, compared with the same material having an amorphous structure (completely disordered atomic arrangement, lacking long-range periodic structure) or a crystalline structure, having a polycrystalline structure can ensure the impact resistance and toughness of inorganic non-metallic compounds, making the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material less likely to peel off locally or entirely when subjected to external forces (such as scraping with a spatula or dropping), thereby greatly improving the long-lasting non-stick properties of cookware with a non-stick layer.

[0038] In addition, in this application, the polycrystalline structure of the inorganic non-metallic compound has high chemical activity at the grain boundaries, which can adsorb oil molecules (such as grease) and form a stable oil film, thereby reducing the possibility of material adhesion and further improving the non-stick performance of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material.

[0039] Furthermore, compared to equivalent materials with single-crystal structures, polycrystalline structures with fine grains can improve the hardness and wear resistance of non-stick materials through grain boundary strengthening effects, thereby further optimizing the long-lasting non-stick properties of non-stick layers formed from non-stick materials.

[0040] In the embodiments of this application, the non-stick material has low surface energy, quantified by contact angle, which is 90°-105°. The non-stick material has a melting point of 1500℃-2500℃, which is relatively high, thus enabling it to possess good high-temperature resistance.

[0041] The following will describe in detail, with reference to specific embodiments, a method for manufacturing the non-stick material according to this application.

[0042] Forming a mixture According to this application, the first metal compound includes rare earth metal compounds and / or alkaline earth metal compounds. These rare earth / alkaline earth metal compounds typically have a cubic or hexagonal crystal system, and their regular lattice arrangement provides an ordered template for subsequent reactions, guiding the growth of polycrystalline structures. The second metal compound includes transition metal compounds. These transition metal compounds possess diverse crystal structures (such as tetragonal, cubic, and hexagonal) and can form heterogeneous interfaces with the first metal compound, promoting grain boundary pinning and inhibiting grain coarsening. Based on the above, the first and second metal compounds can react to form an inorganic non-metallic compound with low surface energy, high chemical stability, and high wear resistance, serving as a non-stick material.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first metal compound and the second metal compound have the same anion type when molten, which can reduce side reactions in the mixed molten liquid formed by the mixture during high-temperature smelting and ensure the purity of the reaction. Specifically, when reacting in the molten state, metal compounds of the same type usually have similar diffusion behaviors and reaction pathways in the mixed molten liquid, and have a synergistic effect. For example, oxide-oxide systems are prone to forming oxygen bridge bonds (O2-O3 ... 2- This process can tightly bind different metal compounds together, resulting in a stronger bond and preventing brittle fracture of the material. It allows for the construction of inorganic non-metallic compounds with a polycrystalline structure through ion migration. Furthermore, since it primarily involves the diffusion and rearrangement of cations without the need for prior anion exchange or removal, it avoids complex side reactions that may occur during high-temperature melting, ensuring the purity of the reaction.

[0044] According to embodiments of this application, the first metal compound is selected from at least one of oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, and the second metal compound is selected from oxides; or, the first metal compound is selected from chlorides, and the second metal compound is selected from chlorides; or, the first metal compound is selected from iodides, and the second metal compound is selected from iodides. When the alkaline earth metal compound is selected from at least one of oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, these first metal compounds will decompose upon heating before melting to form corresponding metal oxides, which have the same anionic type as the second metal compound. Based on this, the first metal compound and the second metal compound under the above-defined conditions can have the same anionic type during melting, and these compounds can react to form structurally stable inorganic non-metallic compounds. At the same time, it can balance the overall food safety and manufacturing convenience of the non-stick material.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first metal compound and the second metal compound are both in particulate form with a size on the micrometer scale. Such a small size can promote sufficient contact between the metal ions of the first metal compound and the second metal compound in the subsequent mixed melt, thereby increasing the contact area between the metal ions, reducing the diffusion energy barrier, and thus promoting the formation of a polycrystalline structure.

[0046] In some embodiments, the transition metal compound includes at least one of the oxides corresponding to the transition metal and the halides corresponding to the transition metal. The oxides corresponding to the transition metal include at least one of titanium oxides (TiO2, Ti2O3), manganese oxides (MnO, MnO2, Mn3O4), iron oxides (FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4), and cobalt oxides (CoO, Co2O3, Co3O4); the halides corresponding to the transition metal include at least one of titanium chlorides (TiCl3, TiCl4), manganese chlorides (MnCl2, MnCl3), iron chlorides (FeCl2, FeCl3), cobalt chlorides (CoCl2, CoCl3), titanium iodides (TiI3, TiI4), manganese iodides (MnI2, MnI3), iron iodides (FeI2, FeI3), and cobalt iodides (CoI2, CoI3).

[0047] In some embodiments, the alkaline earth metal compound includes at least one of the oxides and halides corresponding to alkaline earth metals. The oxides corresponding to alkaline earth metals include at least one of calcium oxide (CaO), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), calcium carbonate (CaCO3); strontium oxide (SrO), strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2), strontium carbonate (SrCO3); barium oxide (BaO), barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2), and barium carbonate (BaCO3); the halides corresponding to alkaline earth metals include at least one of calcium chloride (CaCl2), strontium chloride (SrCl2), barium chloride (BaCl2), calcium iodide (CaI2), strontium iodide (SrI2), and barium iodide (BaI2).

[0048] In some embodiments, the rare earth metal compound includes at least one of rare earth metal oxides and rare earth metal halides. The rare earth metal oxides include at least one of lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃), and yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃); the rare earth metal halides include at least one of lanthanum chloride (LaCl₃), neodymium chloride (NdCl₃), yttrium chloride (YCl₃), lanthanum iodide (LaI₃), neodymium iodide (NdI₃), and yttrium iodide (YI₃).

[0049] In the above embodiments, the specific combination of metal compounds (two-way combinations between transition metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth metal compounds) can form inorganic non-metallic compounds with polycrystalline structures and stable structures. At the same time, it can balance the overall food safety and manufacturing convenience of the non-stick material.

[0050] According to this application, the first metal compound and the second metal compound are in particulate form. The first metal compound and the second metal compound are mixed to obtain a mixture. In an exemplary embodiment, the first metal compound and the second metal compound can be mechanically mixed using a ball mill. Specific process parameters include: ball milling speed 150 r / min-200 r / min, time 6 h-10 h, and ball-to-material ratio 1:1-2:1. Under these conditions, the median particle size of the mixture can be refined to 1.5 μm-2.5 μm. Furthermore, through mixing, the particles of the first metal compound and the second metal compound can be uniformly distributed, thus effectively avoiding local segregation and facilitating the increase of the first metal ion concentration (e.g., Ca) during subsequent melting. 2+ ) and second metal ions (such as Ti) 4+ This increases the contact probability and diffusion efficiency, thereby shortening the smelting stage time and ensuring the purity and consistency of inorganic non-metallic compounds.

[0051] According to this application, when the first metal compound in the mixture is an alkaline earth metal compound, the atomic ratio of the alkaline earth metal element in the first metal compound to the transition metal element in the second metal compound is 2:3-3:2; when the first metal compound is a rare earth metal compound, the atomic ratio of the rare earth metal element in the first metal compound to the transition metal element in the second metal compound is 2:3-3:2; when the first metal compound is both a rare earth metal compound and an alkaline earth metal compound, the ratio of the total number of rare earth metal elements and alkaline earth elements in the first metal compound to the number of transition metal elements in the second metal compound is 2:3-3:2.

[0052] In these embodiments, the atomic ratio of the metal elements in the first metal compound and the second metal compound can control the grain size and distribution of the final product, suppress side reactions, and prevent excessive unreacted raw materials from remaining in the final product, thereby affecting the purity of the polycrystalline inorganic non-metallic compound in the non-stick material.

[0053] In this application, when at least one of CaO, Ca(OH)2, and CaCO3, and TiO2 are selected as raw materials, and the atomic ratio of calcium to titanium is set to 2:3-3:2 to manufacture inorganic non-metallic compounds, the resulting inorganic non-metallic compound comprises CaTiO3 with a polycrystalline structure, with CaTiO3 having a polycrystalline structure as the main component. When barium carbonate (BaCO3) and iron(III) oxide (Fe3O4) are selected as raw materials, and the atomic ratio of barium to iron is set to 2:3-3:2, the resulting inorganic non-metallic compound comprises BaFeO3 or BaFe with a polycrystalline structure. 12 O 19 And with BaFeO3 having a polycrystalline structure or BaFe having a polycrystalline structure 12 O 19The polycrystalline inorganic non-metallic compound obtained by using cesium oxide (Cs₂O) and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) as raw materials, with the atomic ratio of cesium to manganese set to 2:3-3:2, comprises polycrystalline Cs₂MnO₄ or CsMnO₄ as the main phase. Similarly, when lanthanum trioxide (La₂O₃) and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) are selected as raw materials, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to manganese is set to 2:3-3:2, the polycrystalline inorganic non-metallic compound obtained by using lanthanum trioxide (La₂O₃) and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) as raw materials, comprises polycrystalline La₂(MnO₄)₃ or LaMnO₃ as the main phase. When lanthanum trioxide (La₂O₃) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) are selected as raw materials, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to titanium is set to 2:3-3:2, the resulting inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure includes either LaTiO₃ or La₂Ti₂O₇, with LaTiO₃ or La₂Ti₂O₇ as the main component. Similarly, when yttrium trioxide (Y₂O₃) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) are selected as raw materials, and the atomic ratio of yttrium to titanium is set to 2:3-3:2, the resulting inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure includes either YTiO₃ or Y₂Ti₂O₇, with YTiO₃ or Y₂Ti₂O₇ as the main component. It should be noted that when the atomic ratio of the two raw materials is not 1:1, it means that one of the two raw materials is in excess. Although it may be in excess, it will not excessively affect the non-stickiness of inorganic non-metallic compounds, which are mainly composed of polycrystalline structures.

[0054] According to this application, the fineness and uniformity of the raw materials forming the mixture directly affect the reaction rate of the molten mixture at high temperatures and the uniformity of its various components, preventing local component deviations and inhibiting the formation of impurity phases or abnormally grown grains. The median particle size of the first and second metal compounds in the mixture is 1.5 μm-2.5 μm, respectively. Such a fine particle size allows each metal compound particle in the mixture to have a large specific surface area, exposing more active sites, thereby greatly increasing the contact area between the two metal compounds. This shortens the diffusion path of each ion in the subsequent molten mixture, increases the contact probability, accelerates the chemical reaction rate, shortens the time for forming non-metallic compounds, and thus accelerates the formation of inorganic non-metallic compounds with polycrystalline structures.

[0055] Forming a mixed molten liquid and melting According to this application, a mixture is heated to form a mixed melt, and then smelted to allow the ions in the mixed melt to react, resulting in a liquid inorganic non-metallic compound. A cooling process is then performed on the liquid inorganic non-metallic compound to crystallize it into a polycrystalline structure, thereby obtaining a non-stick material. By forming a mixed melt from the mixture and then smelting it, compared to solid-solid reactions, the individual metal ions exhibit good contact, eliminating the diffusion limitations of solid-phase reactions and allowing the ions in the mixed melt to fully react, resulting in a liquid inorganic non-metallic compound. In an exemplary embodiment, the specific steps include: heating the mixture to form a mixed melt containing corresponding metal cations and anions; providing reaction energy through high-temperature smelting to allow the ions in the mixed melt to react, thereby forming a liquid inorganic non-metallic compound. After smelting, a cooling process is performed on the liquid inorganic non-metallic compound to crystallize it into a polycrystalline inorganic non-metallic compound including a perovskite-type structure, which serves as a non-stick material.

[0056] In some embodiments, the step of forming a mixed melt and smelting the mixture includes bringing the mixture to a molten state at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the mixture and performing high-temperature smelting. In a preferred embodiment, the step of forming a mixed melt and smelting the mixed melt includes heating the mixture to a temperature 30°C-100°C higher than the highest melting point of the metal compound in the mixture, and smelting the mixed melt at that temperature for 3-6 hours.

[0057] In these embodiments, heating the mixture with the highest melting point of the metal compound in the mixture allows the mixture to melt fully. After melting, the high-temperature energy of smelting accelerates the diffusion of various ions in the molten mixture, promoting homogenization of the composition and forming a liquid inorganic non-metallic compound. This also reduces the possibility of impurity phases forming due to component segregation, thereby avoiding the influence of impurity phases on the surface energy of the inorganic non-metallic compound and ensuring the non-stick properties of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material and the non-stick uniformity of each region.

[0058] According to this application, during the smelting stage, ions in the mixed molten liquid can diffuse and recombine at high temperatures to form a polycrystalline inorganic non-metallic compound with a perovskite structure (ABO3 type).

[0059] Continuing the example above, the first metal compound is at least one of strontium oxide, strontium carbonate, and cesium hydroxide, and the second metal compound is titanium oxide. Both strontium carbonate and cesium hydroxide decompose upon heating to form strontium oxide. Then, as the temperature rises, the mixture of strontium oxide and titanium oxide completely melts to form a mixed molten liquid. At this point, the chemical bonds in the raw materials break, and free-moving metal cations (such as A-site: Sr) enter the mixed molten liquid. 2+ B position: Ti 4+ ) and anions (such as O) 2- It exists in the form of ) In the mixed molten liquid (molten state), ions diffuse and coordinate recombine to form new chemical structures. Specifically, ions migrate rapidly through Brownian motion, and A-site cations (such as Sr) exist in this form. 2+ ) and B-site cations (such as Ti) 4+ Competition and O 2- Coordination forms a BO6 octahedron (with the B-site ion at its center and six O atoms). 2- It forms a three-dimensional network structure with vertices and a transitional structure in which A-site ions fill the interstices of the octahedrons, and finally stabilizes after cooling to form an inorganic non-metallic compound with an ABO3 perovskite structure.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the alkaline earth metal compound is calcium oxide, and the transition metal compound is titanium dioxide. Titanium and calcium are non-toxic and harmless metals and can form stable, insoluble compounds. Calcium atoms have a relatively large radius of 0.197 nanometers, which is just enough to occupy a cubic cavity formed by eight oxygen octahedrons (six oxygen atoms forming one oxygen octahedron). Titanium atoms have a relatively smaller radius of 0.147 nanometers, which is just enough to occupy the center of an oxygen octahedron formed by six oxygen atoms. Oxygen atoms have an even smaller radius of 0.074 nanometers; six oxygen atoms forming one oxygen octahedron can accommodate one titanium atom, thus forming an inorganic non-metallic compound with a perovskite structure.

[0061] In some embodiments, stirring or other methods can be used to accelerate the uniform distribution of cations and anions in the mixed molten liquid, eliminate local concentration gradients, and provide a homogeneous environment for subsequent reactions. Furthermore, the melting and smelting steps of the mixed molten liquid can be carried out under an inert atmosphere (such as argon) to avoid interference from metal ion oxidation.

[0062] cool down According to this application, the method for preparing non-stick materials further includes performing a cooling process on an inorganic non-metallic compound that is in a liquid state after coordination and recombination of internal metal ions, thereby obtaining an inorganic non-metallic compound with a perovskite-type structure and a polycrystalline structure as a non-stick material.

[0063] In some embodiments, the cooling rate of the cooling process is controlled between 10°C / min and 20°C / min. By controlling the cooling rate, the size of the grains can be effectively controlled to obtain a polycrystalline structure with micron- and nano-sized grains.

[0064] In other embodiments, the cooling process is annealing. Annealing prevents abnormal grain growth, resulting in a fine, uniform grain structure, which helps improve the hardness, toughness, and wear resistance of the non-stick material, while eliminating internal stress. Furthermore, annealing eliminates high-temperature atomic diffusion component segregation, making the material composition more uniform, thereby improving the consistency and stability of the bulk non-stick material.

[0065] As a specific example, the annealing process is a multi-stage annealing process, including a first stage and a second stage. In the first stage, the temperature is lowered to 1100℃-1300℃ and held for 0.5h-2h. In the second stage, the temperature is further lowered to 700℃-900℃ and held for 5h-15h, and then cooled to room temperature.

[0066] In these embodiments, the first-stage high-temperature holding process provides energy for grain nucleation and prevents abnormally rapid grain growth and excessive grain coarsening, thus laying the foundation for the formation of fine and uniform grain (fine-grained) structures. The second-stage low-temperature holding process promotes the formation and stabilization of fine grains. In this embodiment, the synergistic effect of high-temperature nucleation and low-temperature inhibition overcomes the grain coarsening limit of a single annealing process, thereby improving the grain refinement of the polycrystalline structure of the non-stick material.

[0067] To obtain a non-stick material in bulk According to this application, the cooling process yields a non-stick material in block form, such as a columnar or square block. This application does not specifically limit the shape of this material. It should be noted that the non-stick material has a large size that is macroscopic and unsuitable for coating. For example, the block-shaped non-stick material may be columnar, with a diameter of 1-2 meters and a height of 1-2 meters.

[0068] Non-stick materials for crushed blocks According to this application, non-stick materials in block form can be crushed to obtain non-stick materials suitable for coating or for manufacturing target materials. Specifically, a jaw crusher is used to crush the material into small pieces, which are then ground to a suitable particle size using a Raymond mill, ball mill, or similar equipment.

[0069] In some embodiments, the non-stick material exhibits an irregular structure, where an irregular structure refers to a structure lacking uniformity in shape and size. As a specific example, an irregular structure can be obtained by breaking up a block-shaped non-stick material; in this case, it can be called an "irregularly broken structure."

[0070] In these embodiments, the non-stick material exhibits an irregular morphology. This irregular structure facilitates the formation of a micron- to nanometer-scale composite surface texture on the non-stick layer, thereby further optimizing the long-lasting non-stick performance through the lotus leaf effect. Furthermore, the fractured structure corresponds to the splitting at grain boundaries in the polycrystalline material. The disordered atomic arrangement at these grain boundaries results in a higher energy state, making it easier for them to adsorb or react with fatty acids in cooking oils, forming a low-surface-energy fatty acid salt layer. This further enhances the non-stick performance of the non-stick layer formed from the non-stick material. Moreover, the irregular structure of the non-stick material facilitates anchoring and bonding with the substrate surface during non-stick layer formation, thereby further improving the adhesion between the substrate and the non-stick layer and preventing delamination due to corrosion, impact, or other factors.

[0071] Figure 1 and Figure 2 These are SEM images of the non-stick material prepared according to the non-stick material preparation method provided in the embodiments of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the non-stick material has an irregular and fragmented structure.

[0072] In this application, the non-stick material obtained after pulverization can be used as the material for forming the non-stick layer of cookware or cups. Alternatively, the pulverized non-stick material can be processed to a certain extent. For example, the pulverized particles can be made into a target material so that the non-stick material can be suitable for the physical vapor deposition process to form a layer.

[0073] In some embodiments of this application, the method for manufacturing non-stick materials further includes sieving the crushed non-stick materials to obtain non-stick materials with a D50 value controlled in the range of 30μm~45μm, which can, to a certain extent, ensure that the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick materials has a three-dimensional porous structure for oil storage.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, a D10 value greater than 10 μm is selected (to limit the content of fine powder), a D50 value controlled within the range of 30 μm to 45 μm (the main control range), and a D90 value less than 70 μm (to control the upper limit of coarse powder). Such a particle size distribution can further optimize the three-dimensional pore structure of the non-stick layer.

[0075] Target material According to this application, the non-stick material is in block form, and the preparation method of the non-stick material further includes: crushing the block non-stick material and pressing it into an initial target material; sintering and pressing the initial target material under a protective atmosphere to obtain a non-stick material in the form of a target material.

[0076] In these embodiments, the initial target material can shrink under the successive effects of pressing pressure and sintering temperature, reducing the porosity of the target-shaped non-stick material, achieving high densification of the target-shaped non-stick material, and improving the bonding strength of the target-shaped non-stick material. This can prevent the target-shaped non-stick material from cracking during sputtering, thus meeting the actual requirements of physical vapor deposition processes.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the sintering temperature is 0.7 to 0.9 times the melting point of the initial target material. This temperature ensures that the grains of the initial target material do not grow excessively while achieving densification of the initial target material to obtain a non-stick material in the form of a target material.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the pressure applied during pressing is 3-4 MPa, thereby enabling the initial target material to be formed into the desired shape, such as a cylinder or a plate.

[0079] In some embodiments, the initial target material melting step can be carried out under a protective atmosphere to ensure the chemical purity of the final target material.

[0080] Non-stick materials According to a second aspect of this application, a non-stick material is provided, wherein the non-stick material is used in cookware or cups. In an embodiment, the non-stick material comprises an inorganic non-metallic compound having a polycrystalline structure, wherein the metallic element in the inorganic non-metallic compound comprises a first metallic element and a second metallic element, wherein the first metallic element comprises a rare earth metallic element and / or an alkaline earth metallic element, and the second metallic element comprises a transition metallic element.

[0081] In some embodiments, certain inorganic non-metallic compounds (e.g., oxide-containing types) possess a calcium titanate-type structure, which can synergistically enhance the hardness, wear resistance, and thermal stability of the material, thereby further improving the long-lasting non-stick performance of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material. Here, the inorganic non-metallic compound possesses a polycrystalline structure, which emphasizes the characteristics in terms of grain dimension, i.e., the material is composed of a large number of randomly oriented small grains (single crystals) at the microscopic level, with grain boundaries existing between the grains. The polycrystalline structure is relative to a single crystal (perfect lattice) and is independent of chemical composition or crystal type. The perovskite-type structure refers to the atomic arrangement structure within a single unit cell, emphasizing the arrangement of atoms / ions, such as cubic, orthorhombic, or tetragonal crystal systems. Its core feature is that B-site ions are surrounded by octahedra formed by X-site ions, and A-site ions fill the interstices of the octahedra. Because the inorganic non-metallic compound possesses both the aforementioned polycrystalline structure and the calcium titanate-type structure, these two structures can work synergistically to further enhance the hardness, wear resistance, and thermal stability of the material. Furthermore, improvements in material properties can further enhance the long-lasting non-stick performance of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material.

[0082] In existing technologies, high-hardness materials are usually accompanied by high brittleness, and the layers they form are relatively brittle, making them prone to cracking during use.

[0083] In some embodiments of this application, the inorganic non-metallic compound possesses high hardness, and the inorganic non-metallic compound is an oxide-containing compound with the general formula A. x B y C z Where A is an alkaline earth metal element, B is titanium, a transition metal element, and C is oxygen, and 2x+2y=2z, 2x+3y=2z, or 2x+4y=2z; or, the inorganic nonmetallic compound is an oxide containing the general formula A. x B y C z Where A is an alkaline earth metal element, B is iron or cobalt among transition metal elements, and C is oxygen, wherein 2x + 3y = 2z or 2x + 2y = 2z; or, the inorganic nonmetallic compound is an oxide containing the general formula A. x B y C z Where A is an alkaline earth metal element, B is manganese (a transition metal element), and C is oxygen, and 2x+2y=2z, 2x+4y=2z, 2x+6y=2z, or 2x+7y=2z; or, the inorganic nonmetallic compound is an oxide and has the general formula A. x B y C zWhere A is a rare earth metal element, B is titanium (a transition metal element), and C is oxygen, and 3x+2y=2z, 3x+3y=2z, or 3x+4y=2z; or, the inorganic non-metallic compound is an oxide and has the general formula A. x B y C z Where A is a rare earth metal element, B is iron or cobalt from the transition metal elements, and C is oxygen, and 3x + 3y = 2z or 3x + 2y = 2z; or, the inorganic non-metallic compound is an oxide and has the general formula A. x B y C z Where A is a rare earth metal element, B is manganese (a transition metal element), and C is oxygen, and 3x+2y=2z, 3x+4y=2z, 3x+6y=2z, or 3x+7y=2z; or, the inorganic nonmetallic compound is a halide with the general formula A x B y C z Where A is an alkaline earth metal, B is titanium (a transition metal), and C is a halogen, where 2x + 2y = z, 2x + 3y = z, or 2x + 4y = z; or, the inorganic nonmetallic compound is a halide with the general formula A. x B y C z Where A is an alkaline earth metal element, B is iron or cobalt among transition metal elements, and C is a halogen element, where 2x + 3y = z or 2x + 2y = z; or, the inorganic nonmetallic compound is a halide with the general formula A x B y C z Where A is an alkaline earth metal, B is manganese (a transition metal), and C is a halogen, wherein 2x+2y=z, 2x+4y=z, 2x+6y=z, or 2x+7y=z; or, the inorganic nonmetallic compound is a halide with the general formula A. x B y C z Where A is a rare earth metal element, B is titanium (a transition metal element), and C is a halogen element, where 3x+2y=z, 3x+3y=z, or 3x+4y=z; or, the inorganic non-metallic compound is a halide with the general formula A. x B y C z Where A is a rare earth metal element, B is iron or cobalt from the transition metal elements, and C is a halogen element, where 3x + 3y = z or 3x + 2y = z; or, the inorganic non-metallic compound is a halide with the general formula A x B y C zWhere A is a rare earth metal element, B is manganese (a transition metal element), and C is a halogen element, and 3x+2y=z, 3x+4y=z, 3x+6y=z, or 3x+7y=z; or, the inorganic non-metallic compound is an oxide and has the general formula Al. x1 A2 x2 B y C z Where A1 is an alkaline earth metal, A2 is a rare earth metal, B is a transition metal, and C is oxygen, and 2x1 + 3x2 + 3y = 2z or 2x1 + 3x2 + 4y = 2z; or, the inorganic nonmetallic compound is an oxide and has the general formula A1. x1 A2 x2 B y C z In this equation, A1 is an alkaline earth metal element, A2 is a rare earth metal element, B is a transition metal element, and C is a halogen. In this equation, 2x1+3x2+3y=z or 2x1+3x2+4y=z.

[0084] In these embodiments, the inorganic non-metallic compound composed of the above elements has a perovskite-type structure containing oxides or halides, which enables the non-stick material made of inorganic non-metallic compound to have good thermal stability, high hardness and wear resistance. Moreover, the large number of grain boundaries in the polycrystalline structure can effectively passivate cracks and disperse stress, and have good toughness. Its synergistic effect with the perovskite-type structure can make up for the defect of inorganic non-metallic compound being prone to brittleness due to increased hardness, so that the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material has improved wear resistance, crack resistance and thermal stability.

[0085] As an example, inorganic non-metallic compounds have a hardness close to that of ceramics, making them scratch-resistant and wear-resistant. For example, the Vickers hardness of inorganic non-metallic compounds is 400HV-600HV. Such hardness can improve the wear resistance of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material, making it less prone to damage, thereby indirectly improving the long-lasting non-stick performance of the non-stick layer.

[0086] In some embodiments, the alkaline earth metal element includes at least one of calcium, strontium, and barium; the transition metal element includes at least one of titanium, manganese, iron, and cobalt; the halogen includes iodine or chlorine; and the rare earth metal element includes at least one of lanthanum, neodymium, and yttrium.

[0087] In these embodiments, the non-stick material composed of the above-mentioned elements can combine the advantages of food safety, process feasibility, and chemical stability.

[0088] According to this application, in the non-stick material, the main component is an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure, and the auxiliary components are other components. Here, the other components can be metallic materials, unavoidable impurities, or other phases.

[0089] As a specific example, the weight of inorganic non-metallic compounds with polycrystalline structures shall not be less than 80% of the total weight of the non-stick material.

[0090] In these embodiments, the inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure is the main component, which can meet the cookware's requirements for initial non-stick and long-lasting non-stick properties.

[0091] According to this application, the non-stick material is granular (e.g., exhibiting the irregular structure described above) or formed as a target. The granular non-stick material is suitable for processes involving the formation of a layer through particles, such as spraying. In these processes, the particles of the non-stick material are heated to a state where only the surface is melted (the surface melts while the interior remains unmelted) and then sprayed at high speed onto a cookware substrate, retaining the polycrystalline structure of the non-stick material to form a non-stick layer. The target is suitable for physical vapor deposition techniques such as magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition. In these techniques, target atoms are bombarded and deposited onto the substrate to form a thin film with a thickness at the micrometer or even nanometer level. In this application, the various forms of the non-stick material enable its applicability to more processes and allow for the manufacture of different types of products with non-stick layers based on specific needs, thus broadening its applicability. It should be noted that during the process of forming a non-stick layer using non-stick materials, even if the surface of the non-stick material is completely melted, it will cool and crystallize to form a polycrystalline structure after melting, similar to how plastic can be repeatedly melted and melted. Since the main influencing factor of the polycrystalline structure is the difference in the radii of the atoms in the raw material, even if the surface of the non-stick material is completely melted and recrystallized, it will not excessively damage the polycrystalline structure in the area.

[0092] In some embodiments, the polycrystalline structure of the inorganic non-metallic compound includes grains with small sizes, such as micrometers and / or nanometers (fine grains). Refining the grain size to the micrometer or nanometer level can directly and significantly increase the number of grain boundaries. Grain boundaries are regions with disordered atomic arrangement and dense defects, and their energy state is higher than that of the grain interior. When non-stick materials possess micro- and nano-scale grains, grain boundary regions dominate the formation of non-stick materials. From a thermodynamic perspective, this leads to a significant reduction in the overall surface energy of the non-stick material, thereby achieving the goal of improving the non-stick properties of the non-stick layer.

[0093] In addition, during the process of forming a non-stick layer through non-stick materials, the random accumulation of micro- and nano-scale grains of inorganic non-metallic compounds will form a micro- and nano-scale uneven structure on the surface of the non-stick layer, thereby greatly reducing the actual contact area between the food and the surface of the non-stick layer, increasing the contact angle, and thus producing a superhydrophobic / oleophobic "lotus leaf effect" to further enhance the physical non-stick effect.

[0094] Furthermore, the numerous grain boundaries in the micro- and nano-scale grain structure effectively hinder crack propagation. Specifically, when the non-stick layer is subjected to external impact, cracks will deflect, branch, or be pinned when they encounter grain boundaries during propagation, requiring more energy to continue propagating. This enhances the toughness of the non-stick material and effectively prevents the non-stick layer from fracturing or peeling off due to brittleness.

[0095] In some embodiments, the grains contain subgrains, which create a number of subgrain boundaries within the grains. These subgrain boundaries are also high-energy regions with irregular atomic arrangements, further increasing the interfacial density within the non-stick material and further reducing its overall surface energy, thereby enhancing its non-stick properties. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of subgrain boundaries with grain boundaries significantly improves the crack propagation resistance (fracture toughness) of the non-stick layer, further preventing it from fracturing or peeling due to brittleness.

[0096] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the grains of the inorganic non-metallic compound possesses a layered structure. This layered structure leads to high-density stacking faults and lattice distortion within the inorganic non-metallic compound, resulting in an increased energy state and irregular atomic arrangement within the grains. This high-energy, disordered state further reduces the overall surface energy of the inorganic non-metallic compound. Furthermore, it can synergistically work with grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries to further prevent the non-stick layer from cracking or peeling due to brittleness.

[0097] Figure 3 Based on the XRD pattern of the non-stick material provided in the embodiments of this application, combined with Figure 3 It can be seen that its peak is a discrete broadened peak with sharp and broadened diffraction peaks, which is completely different from the (bun peak, no sharp peak and continuous broadening) of amorphous materials, indicating that the non-stick material has a crystalline structure and is not an amorphous structure.

[0098] In addition, in the embodiments of this application, the peak half-width (HWHM) is greater than 0.2°, which shows that the non-stick material of this application is not a single crystal structure, but has polycrystalline (subcrystalline or fine-grained) characteristics.

[0099] According to a third aspect of this application, a method for manufacturing a non-stick layer is provided. The method includes processing a non-stick material using a layer-forming process to form an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure as the non-stick layer. The non-stick material is either a non-stick material prepared as described above or a non-stick material as described above. The non-stick material can retain its polycrystalline structure or further crystallize into a polycrystalline structure during the layer-forming process, thereby obtaining an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure as the main body or all of the non-stick layer.

[0100] In some embodiments, the process of forming the layer includes a process of forming a layer using a target material, or a process of forming a layer using particles, and the various aspects will be described in detail below.

[0101] The process of forming the target layer According to one aspect of this application, the process for forming the target layer specifically includes using a non-stick material and forming the non-stick layer through physical vapor deposition. Specifically, this involves vaporizing the target material and then condensing the gaseous atoms or molecules on a substrate (e.g., a cookware substrate) to form the non-stick layer. It should be noted that after vaporization, the target material recrystallizes into a polycrystalline structure, resulting in an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure as the main body or all of the non-stick layer. This is primarily because the proportion of corresponding atoms at the A, B, and O positions in the perovskite structure of the formed non-stick material is fixed. Therefore, during deposition, the atoms are rearranged according to the previous template, with atoms of different sizes still occupying their proper positions, returning to the previous polycrystalline structure.

[0102] In some embodiments, the surface of the non-stick layer has a micro-nano-scale uneven structure. The micro-nano-scale uneven structure can greatly reduce the actual contact area between the food and the surface of the non-stick layer, increase the contact angle, and thus generate a superhydrophobic "lotus leaf effect" to further enhance the physical non-stick effect.

[0103] Figure 10 and Figure 11 These are SEM images of the non-adhesive layer provided according to embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the non-adhesive layer exhibits a micro-nano-scale uneven structure.

[0104] In some embodiments, the thickness of the non-stick layer formed by physical vapor deposition is 0.05 micrometers to 2 micrometers. Such a thickness enables the non-stick layer to have many performance advantages, such as good long-lasting non-stick properties, bonding performance, and internal stress of the non-stick layer.

[0105] In some embodiments, the non-stick layer formed by physical vapor deposition is relatively dense, possessing low porosity and small pore size. For example, the non-stick layer has a porosity of 0.3%-1% and a pore size of 0.1-0.2 micrometers, which can block the penetration path of corrosive media, improve the corrosion resistance of the product, and reduce problems such as delamination or bulging caused by corrosion between the substrate and the non-stick layer, thereby further enhancing the durable non-stick performance of the non-stick layer.

[0106] In some embodiments, physical vapor deposition specifically employs reactive magnetron sputtering. To optimize film performance, key process parameters are set as follows: maintaining the cavity vacuum at 10... -3 Pa-10 -2The temperature is maintained at 200℃-400℃, and argon gas at 20sccm-50sccm is introduced as the sputtering gas to maintain stable plasma glow discharge. In a preferred embodiment, the plasma is excited by radio frequency (RF) or DC power supply. This significantly reduces the reaction temperature to 200-400℃ while ensuring the deposition rate, which helps to reduce the thermal impact on the substrate. At the same time, setting the substrate temperature in the higher temperature range of 300-600℃ can effectively promote the surface migration and diffusion of film atoms, thereby improving crystal quality and adhesion.

[0107] Particle forming layer process According to another aspect of this application, the process for forming the particulate layer specifically includes using a particulate non-stick material and forming the non-stick layer by plasma spraying.

[0108] In an exemplary embodiment, the parameters for plasma spraying include: current of 350A-500A, voltage of 50V-70V, main gas (argon) flow rate of 1000L / h-2000L / h, hydrogen flow rate of 200L / h-300L / h, gun distance of 150mm-200mm, and workpiece linear speed of 25m / min-35m / min.

[0109] In some embodiments, the thickness of the non-stick layer formed by the particulate non-stick material is 40 micrometers to 100 micrometers. Such a thickness enables the non-stick layer to have many performance advantages, such as good long-lasting non-stick properties, bonding performance, and internal stress of the non-stick layer.

[0110] In some embodiments, the non-stick layer formed by plasma spraying is relatively loose and porous, possessing high porosity and large pore size. As an example, the porosity of the non-stick layer is 3%-5%, and the pore size is 1-3 micrometers, which can serve as an oil-retaining structure for products (cookware or cups), constructing an oil film layer on the surface of the product, thereby further improving the long-lasting non-stick performance of the non-stick layer from this perspective.

[0111] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a non-stick layer is provided, wherein the non-stick layer is used in cookware or cups, is formed of a non-stick material, and retains similar properties to the non-stick material, such as elemental composition, polycrystalline structure, perovskite structure, etc.

[0112] Figures 4 to 6 These are SIM photographs taken at different magnifications of the same location of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material according to the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 This is a SIM photograph of another location of the non-stick layer formed by the non-stick material according to an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figures 4 to 7 It can be seen that the non-stick layer has a polycrystalline structure, from Figure 7It can also be seen that the non-stick layer has obvious subgrain boundaries.

[0113] According to a fifth aspect of this application, a method for manufacturing a non-stick cookware is provided. The method includes: providing a non-stick material and a cookware substrate; coating the cookware substrate with the non-stick material to form a non-stick layer having a polycrystalline structure, thereby manufacturing the cookware.

[0114] The following describes a method for manufacturing a cooker according to an embodiment of this application, with reference to specific embodiments.

[0115] Provide matrix According to this application, the substrate 110 can be made of commonly used materials. Exemplarily, the material can be stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, their corresponding alloys, and composite materials. As an example, stainless steel or multilayer stainless steel composite sheets can be used, which are deep-drawn into a pot bottom with a planar structure and an annular wall structure. The planar structure of the pot bottom is beneficial for stability when placed on a countertop and is suitable for use on an induction cooker.

[0116] In some embodiments, the substrate 110 may have a shape corresponding to its function, for example, such as Figure 8 As shown, when the cookware 100 is a non-stick pan, the base 110 can have a conventional pan shape. It should be understood that... Figure 8 The nonstick pan is shown only as an example of the main body and other parts are not shown. The nonstick pan according to the present invention may also include common cookware structures / components such as handles (e.g., pot handles).

[0117] In some embodiments, the inner surface of the substrate has a rough structure, which can be obtained by sanding the inner surface of the substrate. For example, the roughness of the sanded rough surface is in the range of Ra value between 3 μm and 5 μm. The rough structure can also be prepared by etching, laser engraving, stamping, etc. For example, the rough structure on the surface of the substrate 110 is composed of protrusions 111 and grooves 112. For example, refer to... Figure 8 and Figure 9 Understand the protrusions and grooves in the rough structure here. In an exemplary embodiment, the height of the protrusion 111 is H1, where 80 micrometers ≤ H1 ≤ 130 micrometers; and / or, the width of the protrusion 111 is W1, where 0.3 millimeters ≤ W1 ≤ 0.8 millimeters; the depth of the groove 112 is H2, where 80 micrometers ≤ H2 ≤ 130 micrometers; and / or, the width of the groove 112 is W2, where 3 millimeters ≤ W2 ≤ 6 millimeters; the grooves and protrusions are alternately arranged around the center of the cookware.

[0118] It should be noted that the substrate according to this application can also have a relatively flat surface from a macroscopic perspective.

[0119] In some embodiments, after the cookware is formed into a prototype, it can be polished and dewaxed / degreased to make the surface of the cookware clean and free of oil.

[0120] Forming a transition layer (optional) In some embodiments, a rough transition layer is provided between the substrate and the non-adhesive layer, which can further enhance the adhesion between the non-adhesive layer and the substrate. As an example, the rough transition layer can be formed by thermally spraying a metallic material onto the surface of the substrate. Specifically, the metallic material may include at least one of titanium, chromium, chromium alloys, titanium alloys, iron, iron alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys, zinc, zinc alloys, copper, copper alloys, zirconium, and zirconium alloys.

[0121] Form a non-stick layer According to this application, the non-stick layer can be formed by applying a non-stick material using the above-described thermal spraying method.

[0122] In some embodiments, the cookware base is a pot, and when the bottom of the pot has a flat structure, non-stick layers are stacked on the flat structure of the bottom of the pot, and the bottom of the pot has, for example, a non-stick layer. Figure 8 and Figure 9 In the case of the rough structure shown, the non-stick layer is formed in the grooves of the rough structure and is flush with or at a predetermined distance from the groove opening. Here, the predetermined distance is no more than 10 micrometers. In this way, various types of cookware can be manufactured to meet different market demands. In addition, the protrusions can protect the non-stick layer from being scratched or subjected to stress together with the non-stick layer, and also protect the non-stick layer from delamination.

[0123] Provide oil molecules According to this application, in order to further improve the user's initial experience, oil molecules can be added to the surface of the non-stick layer of the cookware when it leaves the factory. This can further optimize the non-stick performance of the non-stick cookware. In addition, during subsequent use, oil molecules generated during cooking can also replenish the pore structure of the non-stick layer to form a continuous and stable oil film to maintain the non-stick performance.

[0124] In some embodiments, cookware with a non-stick layer can be immersed in oil molecules, allowing the oil molecules to penetrate the porous structure of the non-stick layer or adhere to its surface, thereby further enhancing its long-lasting non-stick performance. The immersion time can be 15-30 minutes, and the temperature can be 80°C-120°C. Then, excess oil molecules on the surface are wiped dry, followed by drying at 280°C-340°C for 3-6 minutes.

[0125] According to a sixth aspect of this application, a cookware is provided, specifically relating to a non-stick cookware. The cookware includes a substrate and a non-stick layer, the non-stick layer being disposed on the substrate and directly serving as the inner surface of the cookware. The non-stick layer includes the non-stick layer provided according to the various embodiments described above, or includes a non-stick layer formed by spraying the non-stick material provided in the various embodiments described above.

[0126] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the cookware provided in the embodiment of this application after being cut along the thickness direction. Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified structural diagram at point I. (Refer to...) Figure 8 and Figure 9 The cookware 100 may include a base 110 and a non-stick layer 120.

[0127] In some embodiments, the cookware further includes a transition layer made of the metal material described above, wherein the transition layer is disposed between the substrate 110 and the non-stick layer 120.

[0128] In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the transition layer is in the range of 10 micrometers to 80 micrometers. This thickness range can ensure that the interlayer bonding performance between the substrate and the non-stick layer is effectively improved while minimizing the internal stress induced by the increase in thickness, thereby ensuring the overall performance of the cookware.

[0129] According to some embodiments of this application, the non-stick layer surface is covered with an oil film layer, wherein the oil film layer directly constitutes the inner surface of the cookware. This oil film layer, by covering and sealing the micropores on the surface of the non-stick layer, can act as a physical barrier against corrosive media wetting the interior of the cookware, thereby improving the overall non-stick performance while also protecting the underlying non-stick layer.

[0130] In a preferred embodiment, an oil-modified fatty acid salt layer is formed on the surface of the non-stick layer. For example, if the non-stick layer contains calcium ions and iron ions, these ions can react with fatty acids containing lipophilic groups to generate fatty acid salts (such as calcium stearate) that adhere to the surface of the non-stick layer. Since the fatty acid salts themselves have lipophilic non-stick properties, the cookware can achieve a "the more you use it, the less sticky it becomes" seasoning effect.

[0131] According to the seventh aspect of this application, an application of a non-stick material as a spray coating material is provided, wherein the non-stick material is used as a spray coating material for cookware or cups, and the non-stick material is the non-stick material provided in the above embodiments.

[0132] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0133] Example 1 The cookware according to Example 1 is manufactured by the following method.

[0134] Step S10: Prepare the cookware base. Specifically, the steps for preparing the cookware base include deep drawing a stainless steel sheet, surface alkaline washing to remove oil, drying, and sandblasting to remove surface defects and oxide scale from the stainless steel, thereby obtaining a cookware base with a thickness of 1.5 cm and a surface roughness of 4 micrometers.

[0135] Step S20: Prepare a non-stick material with a median particle size of 30μm-45μm. This involves providing calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide, both with median particle sizes of 1.5μm-2.5μm, and mixing them at a 1:1 calcium-to-titanium atomic ratio to obtain a mixture. The mixture is then melted in a high-temperature electric furnace and held at 2600℃ for 5 hours (during the melting process, the reaction is as follows: CaO + TiO2 → CaTiO3), allowing the molten calcium oxide and titanium dioxide to fully react and form an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure. After the melting process is complete, the furnace temperature is slowly cooled to below 150℃ at a cooling rate of 15℃ / min before being removed from the furnace, resulting in a blocky solid. This block is then crushed into smaller pieces using a jaw crusher and ground to the aforementioned particle size using a Raymond mill, thus obtaining particles of the inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure, which serve as the non-stick material.

[0136] Step S30: Apply a non-stick coating.

[0137] The outer surface of the cookware substrate is placed in a circulating cooling air environment, where the temperature of the cooling air is 5°C. Non-stick material is loaded into a powder feeder, and the plasma spraying parameters are set as follows: current 400A, voltage 60V, hydrogen flow rate 250L / h, argon flow rate 1500L / h, spraying distance 160mm, and workpiece linear speed 30m / min. The non-stick material powder is heated to a micro-melt state and deposited onto the inner surface of the cookware substrate, resulting in a non-stick layer with a thickness of 65μm, thus completing the manufacture of the cookware of Example 1.

[0138] In Example 1, it should be noted that when the high-temperature electric furnace is slowly heated to 880°C at a heating rate of 3°C / min, calcium carbonate is gradually decomposed into calcium oxide as the temperature rises. Heating continues at the same rate to 1840°C, at which point titanium oxide begins to melt. Heating continues, gradually increasing to 2570°C, at which point calcium oxide begins to melt again. Heating continues to 2600°C, and high-temperature smelting is performed at this temperature, i.e., holding at 2600°C for 5 hours (during the smelting process, the reaction is as follows: CaO + TiO2 → CaTiO3), allowing the molten calcium oxide and titanium dioxide to fully react and form an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure. In the following examples, it should be noted that, apart from slight differences in the melting temperatures of the individual components and the final smelting temperature of the mixed melt, there are no other differences when different raw materials are selected. Here, the smelting temperature is determined based on the overall melting point of the mixture.

[0139] Example 2 Except that in step S20, a different raw material (in this embodiment, the raw material is a mixture of calcium oxide and titanium oxide in a 1:1 calcium-titanium atomic ratio) is used to replace the raw material of Example 1, the cookware of Example 2 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0140] Example 3 Except for replacing the raw materials of Example 1 with different raw materials in step S20 (the raw materials in this example are calcium hydroxide and titanium oxide mixed in a calcium-titanium atomic ratio of 1:1), the cookware of Example 3 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0141] Example 4 Except for replacing the raw materials of Example 1 with different raw materials in step S20 (the raw materials in this embodiment are calcium carbonate and titanium oxide mixed in a calcium-titanium atomic ratio of 2:3), the cookware of Example 4 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0142] Example 5 Except that in step S20, a different raw material (in this embodiment, the raw material is a mixture of calcium carbonate and titanium oxide in a calcium-titanium atomic ratio of 3:2) is used to replace the raw material of Example 1, the cookware of Example 5 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0143] Example 6 Except that in step S20, a different raw material (in this embodiment, the raw material is a mixture of calcium oxide and titanium oxide in a calcium-titanium atomic ratio of 2:3) is used to replace the raw material of Example 1, the cookware of Example 6 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0144] Example 7 Except that in step S20, a different raw material (in this embodiment, the raw material is a mixture of calcium oxide and titanium oxide in a calcium-titanium atomic ratio of 3:2) is used to replace the raw material of Example 1, the cookware of Example 7 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0145] Example 8 Except that in step S20, a different raw material (in this embodiment, the raw material is a mixture of calcium hydroxide and titanium oxide in a calcium-to-titanium atomic ratio of 2:3) is used to replace the raw material of Example 1, the cookware of Example 8 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0146] Example 9 Except that in step S20, a different raw material (in this embodiment, the raw material is a mixture of calcium hydroxide and titanium oxide in a calcium-titanium atomic ratio of 3:2) is used to replace the raw material of Example 1, the cookware of Example 9 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0147] Example 10 Except for replacing the raw materials of Example 1 with different raw materials in step S20 (the raw materials in this embodiment are barium carbonate and iron tetroxide mixed in a 1:1 barium-iron atomic ratio, with a melting temperature of 1100°C), the cookware of Example 10 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0148] Example 11 Except for replacing the raw materials of Example 1 with different raw materials in step S20 (the raw materials in this embodiment are a mixture of cesium oxide and manganese dioxide in a 1:1 cesium-manganese atomic ratio, with a melting temperature of 1250°C), the cookware of Example 11 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0149] Example 12 Except for replacing the raw materials of Example 1 with different raw materials in step S20 (the raw materials in this embodiment are lanthanum trioxide and manganese dioxide mixed in a 1:1 lanthanum-manganese atomic ratio, with a melting temperature of 1200°C), the cookware of Example 12 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0150] Example 13 Except for replacing the raw materials of Example 1 with different raw materials in step S20 (the raw materials in this example are lanthanum trioxide and titanium dioxide mixed in a 1:1 lanthanum-titanium atomic ratio, with a melting temperature of 1200°C), the cookware of Example 13 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0151] Example 14 Except for replacing the raw materials of Example 1 with different raw materials in step S20 (the raw materials in this embodiment are yttrium trioxide and titanium dioxide mixed in a 1:1 yttrium-titanium atomic ratio, with a melting temperature of 1250°C), the cookware of Example 14 is manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0152] Example 15 In addition to using different layer formation methods in step S30 (in this embodiment, the layer formation method is physical vapor deposition, wherein the cavity vacuum degree of physical vapor deposition is maintained at 10), -3 The cookware of Example 15 was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1, except that the method of forming the layer in Example 1 (plasma spraying) was replaced by 40 sccm of argon gas as sputtering gas and the temperature was maintained at 300°C.

[0153] Comparative Example 1 Except that in step S20, a different material (the material in this comparative example is a mixture of 21.06% silicon dioxide, 1.32% aluminum oxide, 0.44% potassium oxide, 0.27% sodium oxide, 3.71% calcium oxide, 1.19% magnesium oxide, 0.45% transition metal compounds, 69.59% iron oxide, and the balance being impurities) was used to replace the non-stick material of Example 1, the cookware of Comparative Example 1 was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0154] Comparative Example 2 Except that in step S20, a different material (the material in this comparative example is a mixture of 30% silicon dioxide, 1.32% aluminum oxide, 0.44% potassium oxide, 0.27% sodium oxide, 3.71% calcium oxide, 1.19% magnesium oxide, 0.45% transition metal compounds, 50% iron oxide, and the balance impurities) was used to replace the non-stick material of Example 1, the cookware of Comparative Example 2 was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0155] Comparative Example 3 Except that in step S20, a different amorphous material (the material composition of this comparative example is 45 wt% of a two-transition metal compound, 45 wt% of iron oxide + ferrous oxide, 5 wt% of calcium oxide + magnesium oxide, and the balance of phosphorus, carbon and silicon) was used to replace the non-stick material of Example 1, the cookware of Comparative Example 3 was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0156] Comparative Example 4 Except for replacing the non-stick material of Example 1 with a different material (the material of this comparative example is ferrous aluminum magnesium titanate with an amorphous phase volume ratio of 92%) in step S20, the cookware of Comparative Example 4 was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0157] Comparative Example 5 Except for the material obtained by mixing Fe3O4 and titanium oxide in a 1:1 iron-titanium atomic ratio in step S20, the cookware of Comparative Example 5 was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0158] Comparative Example 6 Except in step S20, where a different material was used to replace the non-stick material of Example 1 (the material of Comparative Example 6 is a composite metal oxide with an amorphous phase volume ratio of 68% obtained by sintering TiO2 and Fe3O4 granulated powder at 1400°C for 4 hours, wherein the composite metal oxide contains iron in different valence states, titanium in different valence states, and calcium), the cookware of Comparative Example 6 was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0159] Comparative Example 7 Except in step S20, where calcium carbonate is replaced with Fe3O4 and the iron-titanium atomic ratio of Fe3O4 and titanium oxide is set to 1:1, the cookware of Comparative Example 7 was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1.

[0160] Test methods and evaluation criteria, test results The performance of the non-stick coatings of the cookware obtained in Examples 1-15 and Comparative Examples 1-7 was tested and recorded in Table 1 below. The specific performance testing methods are as follows: Test methods and evaluation criteria 1. Impact Toughness Test Method and Evaluation Standard: The impact toughness of the non-stick coating is tested using the steel ball impact method. Specifically, a 500g steel ball is dropped freely from different heights onto the surface of the cookware, and the cracking of the non-stick coating is checked. The impact height is gradually increased from 5cm, with 5cm intervals, until the coating shows signs of chipping, and the final impact height is recorded. This project requires that the impact toughness test value be no less than 20cm.

[0161] 2. Initial non-stickiness test method and evaluation standard: GB / T32095.2-2015 test method for non-stickiness of fried eggs. This method is an initial non-stickiness test, which is divided into grades I, II and III. Grade I has the best non-stickiness and grade III has the worst non-stickiness.

[0162] 3. Durable non-stick test method and evaluation standard: The durable non-stick test method in GB / T32388-2015 is measured in cycles. The higher the number of cycles, the longer the lifespan. 500 cycles are used to evaluate the non-stick result once. The number of cycles is recorded up to the point of use at level III.

[0163] 4. Hardness Testing Method and Evaluation Standard: The Vickers hardness test method is used to test the Vickers hardness of the non-stick coating of the cookware. The unit of hardness value is HV. A higher hardness value indicates a harder sample, stronger resistance to wear from metal spatulas and food, and less susceptibility to wear. However, excessive hardness may lead to cracking. Generally, the desired hardness of the non-stick coating is no less than 200 HV and no more than 600 HV.

[0164] 5. Supplementary Bonding Strength Test Method and Evaluation Criteria: The bonding strength of the non-adhesive layer is tested using the tensile method. Specifically, axial tension is applied until the non-adhesive layer fails, the maximum load is recorded, and the strength is calculated. The specific steps are as follows: Cookware pretreatment: Clean the surface of the cookware thoroughly to avoid oil stains affecting the pulling force. Secure the pulling head to the surface of the cookware with AB glue and leave for 24 hours to allow the glue to fully cure.

[0165] Cookware installation: Fix the cookware vertically on the clamps of the tensile testing machine, ensuring that the tensile direction is perpendicular to the surface of the non-stick layer to avoid eccentric force.

[0166] Test setup: Tensile speed was set at 1 mm / min, temperature at 23±2℃, and humidity at 60±5%.

[0167] Conduct the test: Start the testing machine and apply an axial tensile load to the cookware at a constant rate until the non-stick layer fails (peels or breaks).

[0168] Data recording: The testing machine synchronously records the load-displacement curve and the maximum tensile load (F) at the point of coating failure.

[0169] Result Calculation: Based on the bonding area (A) between the non-adhesive layer and the substrate, the bonding strength (σ) of the coating is calculated using the formula σ=F / A. This project requires that the bonding strength test value be no less than 8MPa.

[0170] Table 1 Results Test Table

[0171] As can be seen from Table 1, and in conjunction with Examples 1 to 3, using different calcium sources (e.g., calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide) all exhibits good non-stickiness and long-lasting non-stickiness. This is because both alkaline earth metal oxides and transition metal oxides can be completely converted into polycrystalline perovskites.

[0172] Based on Examples 1 / 4 / 5, 2 / 6 / 7, and 3 / 8 / 9, when the atomic ratio of alkaline earth metal elements in alkaline earth metal oxides to transition metals in transition metal oxides is 1:1, the initial non-stickiness, persistent non-stickiness, impact toughness, hardness, and bonding strength are all optimal. When the atomic ratio of alkaline earth metal elements in alkaline earth metal oxides to transition metals in transition metal oxides is 2:3 or 3:2, the persistent non-stickiness, impact strength, hardness, and bonding strength are all inferior to the former. This is because when the atomic ratio of alkaline earth metal elements in alkaline earth metal oxides to transition metals in transition metal oxides is 1:1, the reaction will completely generate ABO3-type polycrystalline compounds. However, when the atomic ratio of alkaline earth metal elements in alkaline earth metal oxides to transition metals in transition metal oxides is 2:3 or 3:2, one of the raw materials will be in excess, and the polycrystalline compound cannot be completely formed. This results in relatively low persistent non-stickiness, impact strength, hardness, and bonding strength, especially affecting impact toughness and bonding strength.

[0173] Compared with the amorphous materials in Comparative Examples 3 / 4 / 6 and the other crystalline materials in Comparative Examples 1 / 2 / 5, the non-stick layer of the cookware in the embodiments of this application has significantly improved impact toughness and adhesion.

[0174] As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 7, when the raw materials are selected in a combination form other than that of this application, such as transition metal oxides and transition metal oxides, their bonding and toughness cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of this project, and they cannot simultaneously achieve non-stick properties. This is because they cannot form inorganic non-metallic compounds with a perovskite-type structure (ABO3 type) and a polycrystalline structure, and therefore cannot possess the excellent properties of bonding, toughness, and non-stick properties of this application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a non-stick material, characterized in that, The method for preparing the non-stick material includes the following steps: A first metal compound and a second metal compound are mixed to obtain a mixture, wherein the first metal compound includes rare earth metal compounds and / or alkaline earth metal compounds, and the second metal compound includes transition metal compounds; The mixture is heated to melt it, causing the first metal compound and the second metal compound to react with each other. A cooling process is performed to obtain an inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure, which is then used as a non-stick material.

2. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of heating the mixture for melting includes: heating the mixture to a temperature 30°C-100°C above the highest melting point of the metal compound in the mixture, and melting at the temperature for 3-6 hours.

3. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling rate of the cooling process is controlled between 10°C / min and 20°C / min to obtain a polycrystalline structure with micron- and nano-sized grains.

4. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling process is an annealing process.

5. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The annealing process includes: Cool down to 1100℃-1300℃ and hold for 0.5h-2h; Continue cooling to 700℃-900℃ and maintain the temperature for 5-15 hours, then cool down to room temperature.

6. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the non-stick material further includes: The inorganic non-metallic compound with a polycrystalline structure is crushed; The crushed inorganic non-metallic compound is pressed into an initial target material; The initial target material is pressed and sintered under a protective atmosphere to obtain a non-stick material that can be used as a target material.

7. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first metal compound and the second metal compound are compounds with the same anionic type during smelting.

8. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first metal compound is selected from at least one of oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, and the second metal compound is selected from oxides; or, the first metal compound is selected from chlorides, and the second metal compound is selected from chlorides; or, the first metal compound is selected from iodides, and the second metal compound is selected from iodides.

9. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 7, characterized in that, The transition metal compound includes at least one of titanium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, titanium chloride, manganese chloride, iron chloride, cobalt chloride, titanium iodide, manganese iodide, iron iodide, and cobalt iodide; and / or, the alkaline earth metal compound includes at least one of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, calcium chloride, strontium chloride, barium chloride, calcium iodide, strontium iodide, and barium iodide; and / or, the rare earth metal compound includes at least one of lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum chloride, neodymium chloride, yttrium chloride, lanthanum iodide, neodymium iodide, and yttrium iodide.

10. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first metal compound is an alkaline earth metal compound, the atomic ratio of the alkaline earth metal element in the first metal compound to the transition metal element in the second metal compound is 2:3-3:2; when the first metal compound is a rare earth metal compound, the atomic ratio of the rare earth metal element in the first metal compound to the transition metal element in the second metal compound is 2:3-3:2; when the first metal compound is both a rare earth metal compound and an alkaline earth metal compound, the ratio of the total number of rare earth metal elements and alkaline earth elements in the first metal compound to the number of transition metal elements in the second metal compound is 2:3-3:2; and / or, The median particle size of the first metal compound and the second metal compound in the mixture is 1.5 μm-2.5 μm, respectively.

11. A non-stick material, characterized in that, The non-stick material is prepared using the method for preparing non-stick materials according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The application of a non-stick material as a spray coating raw material, characterized in that, The non-stick material is used as a coating material for cookware or cups, and is the non-stick material according to claim 11.

13. A cooking utensil, characterized in that, The cookware includes a substrate and a non-stick layer formed on the substrate, wherein the non-stick layer is formed of a non-stick material, the non-stick material being the non-stick material according to claim 11.

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