A low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method, belonging to the technical field of water-based fire extinguishing agents. It aims to solve the technical problems of existing water-based fire extinguishing agents, such as high conductivity, insufficient fire extinguishing efficiency, poor resistance to reignition, difficulty in obtaining raw materials, and non-compliance with the latest national standards. This invention uses a fully nonionic surfactant compound system, a low-conductivity phosphate ester flame retardant system, and a plant-based foam stabilizer, without traditional electrolyte salt components. Through scientific compounding, it achieves improvements in conductivity, pH value, and surface tension. This invention can be safely used for extinguishing fires involving 36kV and below electrical equipment, and can also efficiently extinguish Class A solid fires, Class B flammable liquid fires, and lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fires. It has advantages such as fast fire extinguishing speed, excellent resistance to reignition, environmental friendliness, non-toxicity, biodegradability, simple preparation process, controllable cost, and stable storage. It possesses clear innovative points and is feasible for licensing, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production and widespread application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water-based fire extinguishing agent technology, specifically referring to a low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the power industry, new energy industry, energy storage systems, and civil buildings, fire scenarios are becoming increasingly complex, placing higher demands on the performance of fire extinguishing agents. Water-based fire extinguishing agents, due to their advantages such as environmental friendliness, lack of dust pollution, excellent cooling effect, and high extinguishing efficiency, have become an important alternative to traditional dry powder and halon fire extinguishing agents, and are widely used in various fire fighting scenarios. However, existing water-based fire extinguishing agents generally have many technical defects, making it difficult to meet the latest national standards and practical application needs, as detailed below: 1. High conductivity and insufficient safety: To improve flame retardant performance, existing water-based fire extinguishing agents usually add electrolyte flame retardants such as phosphates and ammonium salts, resulting in generally high conductivity. When used to extinguish fires in 36kV and below electrical equipment (such as substations, new energy battery packs, distribution boxes, etc.), it is very easy to cause electrical short circuits, resulting in secondary accidents, threatening the safety of rescuers and the safety of equipment and property, and failing to meet the needs of extinguishing electrical fires.

[0003] 2. Raw materials are hard to obtain and the cost is high: Some raw materials in the existing water-based fire extinguishing agent formulations rely on imports or require the selection of specific models, which not only results in high costs but also unstable market supply, which is not conducive to large-scale industrial production and promotion.

[0004] 3. Not in compliance with the latest national standards: The latest national standard GB17835-2024 "Water-based fire extinguishing agents" has set higher requirements for the electrical insulation, environmental protection, stability and fire extinguishing performance of water-based fire extinguishing agents. However, most existing water-based fire extinguishing agent formulations cannot meet the requirements of the new national standard in terms of conductivity, biodegradability and low-temperature stability, and therefore cannot be legally produced and sold.

[0005] 4. Insufficient fire extinguishing efficiency and anti-reignition performance: Some water-based fire extinguishing agents reduce the amount of flame retardant to lower electrical conductivity, resulting in slower fire extinguishing speed and poor anti-reignition performance. Especially when dealing with lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fires, it is difficult to effectively suppress the spread of thermal runaway, and reignition is likely to occur after the fire is extinguished, which cannot meet the fire fighting needs of complex fire scenarios.

[0006] 5. Poor environmental performance: Some existing water-based fire extinguishing agents use surfactants or flame retardants with low biodegradability and toxic residues, which can cause corrosion and damage to humans, the environment and equipment, and do not meet the requirements of green and environmentally friendly development. In addition, some gel-type and aerogel-type water-based fire extinguishing agents, although they can improve the fire extinguishing effect, have complex preparation processes, high costs and poor storage stability, which further limits their promotion and application.

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention, through in-depth research, designs a novel low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent formulation and preparation method. It employs a fully nonionic surfactant compound system and a low-conductivity phosphate ester flame-retardant system, using only commonly available domestic chemical raw materials, thus forming a clear innovation. Furthermore, the formulation and performance strictly adhere to the latest national standard GB17835-2024, solving many technical problems of existing water-based fire extinguishing agents and possessing extremely high practical value and patentability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the above issues and overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method. This invention provides a low-conductivity, highly stable, and environmentally friendly water-based fire extinguishing agent, along with its preparation method and applications. The fire extinguishing agent formulation of this invention uses only commonly available domestic chemical raw materials, making it cost-effective and readily available. Its performance complies with the latest national standard GB17835-2024 and can be safely used for extinguishing fires involving electrical equipment. It exhibits high fire extinguishing efficiency and excellent resistance to reignition. It is environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable. The preparation process is simple and suitable for large-scale industrial production. This invention effectively solves the problems of existing water-based fire extinguishing agents on the market, such as high conductivity, insufficient safety, difficulty in obtaining raw materials, non-compliance with the latest national standards, insufficient fire extinguishing efficiency and resistance to reignition, and poor environmental performance.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: This invention proposes a low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 92-96 parts deionized water, 1.5-3.0 parts nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, 1.0-2.5 parts nonionic organosilicon surfactant, 0.8-2.0 parts low-conductivity phosphate flame retardant, 0.5-1.5 parts polyol antifreeze, 0.1-0.3 parts plant-based foam stabilizer, and 0.2-0.6 parts environmentally friendly co-solvent; the fire extinguishing agent has a conductivity ≤25μS / cm, a pH value of 6.8-7.5, a surface tension of 19-26mN / m, does not separate after one year of storage at room temperature, and does not freeze at -10℃. All performance characteristics meet the national standard GB17835-2024 "Water-based Fire Extinguishing Agents" and can be safely used for fire fighting of 36kV and below energized equipment.

[0010] Furthermore, the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant is selected from one or more of APG0810, AEO-9, and Tween 80; APG0810 is an alkyl polysaccharide derived from renewable natural resources and is completely biodegradable; AEO-9 is a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, which is versatile and low in cost; and Tween 80 is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, which has excellent compatibility. All three can effectively reduce the surface tension of the extinguishing agent and improve wettability and spreadability.

[0011] Furthermore, the nonionic organosilicon surfactant is a domestically produced general-purpose polyether-modified trisiloxane with a conductivity of ≤8μS / cm and excellent thermal stability. It can significantly improve the atomization effect and sustained cooling capacity of the extinguishing agent, and work synergistically with the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant to enhance the overall performance of the extinguishing agent.

[0012] Furthermore, the low-conductivity phosphate flame retardant is selected from one of triethyl phosphate (TEP) and dimethyl phosphate, and does not contain electrolyte salt components. It reduces the conductivity of the extinguishing agent and exerts a dual flame retardant effect of chemical inhibition and physical isolation. It has high flame retardant efficiency and does not introduce high-conductivity impurities.

[0013] Furthermore, the polyol antifreeze agent is selected from propylene glycol and glycerin, both of which are domestically common chemical raw materials, inexpensive and readily available. It not only improves the antifreeze performance of the extinguishing agent and prevents freezing at low temperatures, but also improves the compatibility of each component and enhances the stability of the system. The plant-based foam stabilizer is selected from guar gum and gum arabic, both of which are natural plant extracts, environmentally friendly and non-toxic. It can improve the viscosity and adhesion of the extinguishing agent, prolong the residence time on the burning surface, and enhance the anti-reignition performance. The environmentally friendly co-solvent is diethylene glycol butyl ether, which is commercially available in China. It can promote the full dissolution of each component, avoid stratification and precipitation, and further improve the uniformity and storage stability of the extinguishing agent.

[0014] Furthermore, the deionized water is prepared using domestic conventional reverse osmosis equipment, with a conductivity ≤10μS / cm, a pH value of 7.0±0.3, and is free of impurities and additional conductivity introduction, providing a stable dissolution and dispersion medium for each component and ensuring the low conductivity performance and overall stability of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0015] Furthermore, it includes the following steps: S1. Preparation: Accurately weigh each component according to the weight parts to ensure that the purity of the raw materials meets the domestic chemical raw material standards. Add deionized water into the reactor, turn on the stirring device, control the temperature inside the reactor to 25-35℃, and the stirring speed to 60-80 rpm to keep the deionized water in a stable dispersion state. S2. Surfactant compounding: Add nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant and nonionic organosilicon surfactant to the reactor in sequence, maintain the temperature at 25-35℃ and the stirring speed at 60-80 rpm, and continue stirring for 30 minutes to ensure that the two surfactants are fully dissolved and uniformly mixed to form a stable surface-active system. S3. Mixing of flame retardant and auxiliary components: Add low-conductivity phosphate flame retardant, polyol antifreeze and environmentally friendly cosolvent to the reaction vessel, keep the stirring speed constant and continue stirring for 40 minutes to fully integrate the components with the surface active system and avoid local high concentration or stratification. S4. Foam Stabilization and Formation: Add plant-based foam stabilizer to the reactor, adjust the stirring speed to 40-50 rpm, and stir at low speed for 60 minutes to ensure that the plant-based foam stabilizer is completely dissolved, so that the entire system forms a uniform, transparent liquid without lumps or sediment. S5. Filtration Testing: The liquid in the reactor is filtered through a precision filter (filtration accuracy of 0.22μm) to remove any trace impurities. The filtered extinguishing agent is then subjected to performance testing, including tests for conductivity, pH value, surface tension, extinguishing performance, resistance to reignition, storage stability, and low-temperature antifreeze performance. Once all indicators meet the national standard GB17835-2024 "Water-based Fire Extinguishing Agents", proceed to the next step. S6. Filling and Packaging: The qualified fire extinguishing agent is filled using domestic conventional filling equipment. During the filling process, the filling speed is controlled at 10-15L / min to avoid the generation of air bubbles. After filling, the container is sealed with a sealing cap and a product label is affixed. The label indicates the product name, components, performance indicators, usage method, storage conditions, shelf life, and other information to complete the packaging.

[0016] Furthermore, the reactor is protected by an inert gas to prevent impurities in the air from entering the system and to prevent oxidation of the components, thereby further improving the storage stability of the extinguishing agent. In step S5, the testing is strictly in accordance with GB17835-2024 "Water-based Fire Extinguishing Agents". The fire extinguishing performance test uses a standard fire extinguishing test device, the anti-reignition performance test uses a method of continuous observation for 30 minutes after fire extinguishing, and the low-temperature antifreeze performance test uses a method of observing whether it freezes after being placed at a constant temperature of -10℃ for 24 hours.

[0017] Furthermore, the extinguishing agent can be sprayed using conventional high-pressure fine water mist nozzles in China, with a nozzle pressure ≥3.5MPa, preferably 5-8MPa, and a flow rate of 1.5-2.5L / min. The water mist particles have a uniform particle size and are no larger than 100μm, preferably 50-100μm, which can fully cover the burning surface and improve the extinguishing efficiency. It can be widely used to extinguish fires involving 36kV and below electrical equipment (such as substations, distribution boxes, new energy battery boxes, energy storage cabinets, etc.), Class A solid fires (such as wood, cotton, wool, paper, fabrics, etc.), Class B flammable liquid fires (such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, methanol, ethanol, etc.), and lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fires. It is suitable for various scenarios such as industrial plants, substations, new energy power plants, data centers, shopping malls, office buildings, homes, and energy storage power plants. No special operation is required during use, making it convenient, efficient, and free from secondary pollution.

[0018] Furthermore, when the fire extinguishing agent is used to extinguish thermal runaway fires of lithium-ion batteries, it can be directly sprayed onto the surface of the lithium-ion battery module through a high-pressure fine water mist system. This not only quickly cools down and extinguishes open flames, but also inhibits the spread of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, preventing secondary fires. Moreover, it does not cause additional corrosion to the battery module and leaves no toxic residues after extinguishing the fire, meeting the environmental protection requirements of the new energy field.

[0019] This invention also proposes a method for using a low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent, specifically including the following steps: This extinguishing agent can be sprayed using domestically available high-pressure fine water mist nozzles. The nozzle pressure is ≥3.5MPa, preferably 5-8MPa, and the flow rate is 1.5-2.5L / min. The water mist particles have a uniform particle size of no more than 100μm, preferably 50-100μm, which can fully cover the burning surface and improve extinguishing efficiency. It can be widely used in the following scenarios and fire types: 1.36kV and below live equipment fires: including fires involving live equipment such as substations, distribution boxes, switch cabinets, new energy battery boxes, energy storage cabinets, and data center servers. Because the fire extinguishing agent has a conductivity of ≤25μS / cm and excellent insulation performance, it can be sprayed directly without causing short circuits. It can quickly extinguish open flames, reduce equipment temperature, avoid secondary accidents, and protect equipment and property safety.

[0020] 2. Class A solid fires: These include fires involving solid materials such as wood, cotton, wool, paper, fabrics, and coal. The extinguishing agent has excellent wetting and spreading properties, allowing it to quickly penetrate into the solid, reduce the combustion temperature, block the oxygen supply, and extinguish the fire rapidly. It also has excellent resistance to reignition, ensuring that the fire will not reignite after it is extinguished.

[0021] 3. Class B flammable liquid fires: These include fires involving flammable liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, methanol, ethanol, and acetone. The extinguishing agent can quickly cover the liquid surface, forming an isolation film that blocks oxygen from contacting the flammable liquid. At the same time, it rapidly cools the liquid, inhibits its evaporation, and quickly extinguishes the fire, preventing its spread.

[0022] 4. Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fires: including fires involving lithium-ion batteries such as those used in new energy vehicles, energy storage batteries, and portable electronic devices. The extinguishing agent can quickly cool down the battery, inhibit the spread of thermal runaway, extinguish open flames, and will not cause additional corrosion to the battery module. There are no toxic residues after extinguishing the fire, which meets the environmental protection requirements of the new energy field.

[0023] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above scheme are as follows: This scheme proposes a low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method, achieving the following effects: 1. Extremely low conductivity, significantly improved safety: This invention adopts a fully nonionic surfactant compound system and selects low-conductivity phosphate flame retardants, containing no electrolyte salt components. This fundamentally reduces the conductivity of the extinguishing agent to ≤25μS / cm, making it directly applicable for extinguishing fires involving 36kV and below energized equipment. This effectively avoids short circuits and secondary accidents, significantly improving safety. At the same time, the conductivity index fully complies with the latest national standard GB17835-2024, solving the technical problem of insufficient safety of existing extinguishing agents for extinguishing fires involving energized equipment.

[0024] 2. All raw materials are common domestic products, with controllable costs and easy access: All components of this invention are selected from domestic commercially available common bulk chemical raw materials, without special model restrictions, low cost, stable market supply, which greatly reduces preparation costs and production difficulty, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production and promotion.

[0025] 3. Fully compliant with the latest national standard GB17835-2024: The extinguishing agent of this invention strictly complies with the latest national standard GB17835-2024 "Water-based Extinguishing Agents" in all aspects, including conductivity, pH value, surface tension, extinguishing performance, anti-reignition performance, storage stability, low-temperature antifreeze performance, biodegradation rate, corrosion rate, etc., all of which meet or exceed the requirements of the national standard. It can be legally produced, sold and used, solving the problem that existing extinguishing agents do not meet the requirements of the latest national standard.

[0026] 4. High extinguishing efficiency and excellent anti-reignition performance: The synergistic effect of nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants and domestically produced polyether-modified trisiloxane significantly reduces surface tension and improves wettability and spreadability, enabling the extinguishing agent to quickly cover the burning surface; the low-conductivity phosphate flame retardant plays a dual role of chemical inhibition and physical isolation, which can quickly extinguish Class A, Class B, and Class E fires as well as lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fires, with a fast extinguishing speed; the plant-based foam stabilizer improves the adhesion of the extinguishing agent, prolongs the residence time, and effectively inhibits reignition, solving the defects of low extinguishing efficiency and insufficient anti-reignition performance of existing extinguishing agents.

[0027] 5. Environmentally friendly and non-toxic with good compatibility: All components are environmentally friendly materials, free of toxic and harmful ingredients, biodegradable (biodegradation rate ≥95%), with no residue or irritating odor, and non-corrosive and harmless to humans, the environment and equipment, meeting the requirements of green and environmentally friendly development; the components have excellent compatibility, do not separate into layers after 1 year of storage at room temperature, do not freeze at -10℃, have excellent storage stability, and can still maintain uniformity and transparency without separation even under high-speed centrifugation (3000r / min, 30 minutes).

[0028] 6. Simple preparation process and industrialization: The preparation method of the present invention does not require complex equipment and special processes. The equipment used is all domestic conventional chemical production equipment. It is easy to operate and the steps are clear. There is no need for complicated modification, drying or heat treatment steps. It has high production efficiency and controllable cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. At the same time, the preparation process has no waste discharge, which meets the requirements of environmental protection production.

[0029] 7. Wide range of applications and strong practicality: The fire extinguishing agent of this invention can be used to extinguish fires involving 36kV and below electrical equipment, Class A solids, Class B flammable liquids and lithium-ion battery thermal runaway. It is suitable for various scenarios such as industry, power, new energy, energy storage and civil use. It is easy to use, requires no special operation, and has extremely high practical value and promotion prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of a low conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent proposed in this invention; The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents involved in this invention were purchased through commercial channels. Example

[0033] A low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 94.5 parts deionized water, 2.0 parts APG0810, 1.5 parts domestically produced polyether-modified trisiloxane, 1.2 parts triethyl phosphate, 0.6 parts propylene glycol, 0.15 parts guar gum, and 0.25 parts diethylene glycol butyl ether.

[0034] According to such Figure 1 The process flow shown illustrates the preparation of a low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent: S1. Preparation: Weigh each component precisely according to the above weight proportions to ensure that the purity of each raw material meets domestic standards; add 94.5 parts of deionized water (conductivity 8μS / cm, pH 7.1) into a stainless steel reactor, turn on the stirring device, control the temperature at 30℃, the stirring speed at 70 rpm, and simultaneously introduce nitrogen gas (purity 99.9%, introduction rate 0.8L / min) for protection; S2. Surfactant compounding: Add 2.0 parts of APG0810 and 1.5 parts of domestic polyether modified trisiloxane to the reactor in sequence, maintain the temperature at 30℃ and the stirring speed at 70 rpm, and continue stirring for 30 minutes to ensure that the two surfactants are fully dissolved and uniformly mixed; S3. Mixing of flame retardant and auxiliary components: Add 1.2 parts of triethyl phosphate, 0.6 parts of propylene glycol, and 0.25 parts of diethylene glycol butyl ether to the reactor. Keep the stirring speed constant and continue stirring for 40 minutes to fully mix the components. S4. Foam stabilization and molding: Add 0.15 parts of guar gum to the reactor, adjust the stirring speed to 45 rpm, and stir at low speed for 60 minutes to obtain a homogeneous and transparent liquid; S5. Filtration test: The liquid was filtered through a 0.22μm precision filter, and the performance of the filtered fire extinguishing agent was tested. All indicators met the requirements of GB17835-2024 national standard. S6. Filling and Packaging: Automatic filling equipment is used for filling at a speed of 12L / min. After sealing, labels are affixed to complete the packaging.

[0035] Performance test results: conductivity 22μS / cm, pH 7.1, surface tension 22mN / m, viscosity 1.7mPa·s, extinguishing time for Class A fires 40s, extinguishing time for Class B fires 32s, no short circuit during extinguishing fires on 36kV live circuits, extinguishing time for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway 3s, no reignition 30 minutes after extinguishing, no stratification after 1 year of storage at room temperature, no freezing after 24 hours at -10℃, biodegradability 96%, no corrosion to equipment. Example

[0036] A low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 93.0 parts deionized water, 2.2 parts AEO-9, 2.0 parts domestically produced polyether-modified trisiloxane, 1.5 parts triethyl phosphate, 0.8 parts glycerol, 0.2 parts gum arabic, and 0.3 parts diethylene glycol butyl ether.

[0037] Preparation method: S1. Preparation: Weigh each component accurately according to the above weight proportions; add 93.0 parts of deionized water (conductivity 9μS / cm, pH 7.2) into a stainless steel reactor, turn on the stirring device, control the temperature at 32℃, the stirring speed at 75 rpm, and introduce nitrogen (purity 99.9%, introduction rate 0.9L / min) for protection. S2. Surfactant compounding: Add 2.2 parts of AEO-9 and 2.0 parts of domestic polyether modified trisiloxane to the reactor in sequence, maintain the temperature at 32℃ and the stirring speed at 75 rpm, and continue stirring for 30 minutes; S3. Mixing of flame retardant and auxiliary components: Add 1.5 parts of triethyl phosphate, 0.8 parts of glycerol, and 0.3 parts of diethylene glycol butyl ether to the reactor, and keep the stirring speed constant for 40 minutes; S4. Foam stabilization and molding: Add 0.2 parts of gum arabic to the reactor, adjust the stirring speed to 48 rpm, and stir at low speed for 60 minutes to obtain a homogeneous and transparent liquid; S5. Filtration test: After filtration, performance testing is performed, and all indicators meet the requirements of GB17835-2024 national standard. S6. Filling and Packaging: Complete the filling and packaging process according to standard procedures.

[0038] Performance test results: conductivity 24μS / cm, pH 7.2, surface tension 20mN / m, viscosity 1.8mPa·s, extinguishing time for Class A fires 38s, extinguishing time for Class B fires 30s, no short circuit during extinguishing fires on 36kV live circuits, extinguishing time for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway 2.5s, no reignition 30 minutes after extinguishing, no stratification after 1 year of storage at room temperature, no freezing after 24 hours at -10℃, 95% biodegradability, and no corrosion to equipment. Example

[0039] A low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 95.0 parts deionized water, 1.8 parts Tween 80, 1.2 parts domestically produced polyether-modified trisiloxane, 1.0 part dimethyl phosphate, 0.7 parts propylene glycol, 0.1 parts guar gum, and 0.2 parts diethylene glycol butyl ether.

[0040] Preparation method: S1. Preparation: Weigh each component accurately according to the above weight proportions; add 95.0 parts of deionized water (conductivity 7μS / cm, pH 7.0) into a stainless steel reactor, turn on the stirring device, control the temperature at 28℃, the stirring speed at 65 rpm, and introduce nitrogen (purity 99.9%, introduction rate 0.7L / min) for protection. S2. Surfactant compounding: Add 1.8 parts of Tween 80 and 1.2 parts of domestic polyether modified trisiloxane to the reactor in sequence, maintain the temperature at 28℃ and the stirring speed at 65 rpm, and continue stirring for 30 minutes; S3. Mixing of flame retardant and auxiliary components: Add 1.0 part of dimethyl phosphate, 0.7 part of propylene glycol, and 0.2 part of diethylene glycol butyl ether to the reactor, and keep the stirring speed constant for 40 minutes; S4. Foam stabilization and molding: Add 0.1 parts of guar gum to the reactor, adjust the stirring speed to 42 rpm, and stir at low speed for 60 minutes to obtain a homogeneous and transparent liquid; S5. Filtration test: After filtration, performance testing is performed, and all indicators meet the requirements of GB17835-2024 national standard. S6. Filling and Packaging: Complete the filling and packaging process according to standard procedures.

[0041] Performance test results: conductivity 20μS / cm, pH 7.0, surface tension 24mN / m, viscosity 1.6mPa·s, extinguishing time for Class A fires 42s, extinguishing time for Class B fires 34s, no short circuit during extinguishing fires on 36kV live circuits, extinguishing time for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway 3.5s, no reignition 30 minutes after extinguishing, no stratification after 1 year of storage at room temperature, no freezing after 24 hours at -10℃, biodegradability rate 97%, no corrosion to equipment. Example

[0042] A low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 92.5 parts deionized water, 1.5 parts APG0810, 1.0 parts AEO-9, 2.5 parts domestically produced polyether-modified trisiloxane, 2.0 parts triethyl phosphate, 1.5 parts glycerol, 0.3 parts gum arabic, and 0.6 parts diethylene glycol butyl ether.

[0043] Preparation method: S1. Preparation: Weigh each component accurately according to the above weight proportions; add 92.5 parts of deionized water (conductivity 10μS / cm, pH 7.3) into a stainless steel reactor, turn on the stirring device, control the temperature at 35℃, the stirring speed at 80 rpm, and introduce nitrogen (purity 99.9%, introduction rate 1.0L / min) for protection. S2. Surfactant compounding: Add 1.5 parts of APG0810, 1.0 parts of AEO-9 and 2.5 parts of domestic polyether modified trisiloxane to the reactor in sequence, maintain the temperature at 35℃ and the stirring speed at 80 rpm, and continue stirring for 30 minutes; S3. Mixing of flame retardant and auxiliary components: Add 2.0 parts of triethyl phosphate, 1.5 parts of glycerol, and 0.6 parts of diethylene glycol butyl ether to the reactor, and keep the stirring speed constant for 40 minutes; S4. Foam stabilization and molding: Add 0.3 parts of gum arabic to the reactor, adjust the stirring speed to 50 rpm, and stir at low speed for 60 minutes to obtain a homogeneous and transparent liquid; S5. Filtration test: After filtration, performance testing is performed, and all indicators meet the requirements of GB17835-2024 national standard. S6. Filling and Packaging: Complete the filling and packaging process according to standard procedures.

[0044] Performance test results: conductivity 25μS / cm, pH 7.3, surface tension 19mN / m, viscosity 2.0mPa·s, extinguishing time for Class A fires 36s, extinguishing time for Class B fires 28s, no short circuit during extinguishing fires on 36kV live circuits, extinguishing time for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway 2s, no reignition 30 minutes after extinguishing, no stratification after 1 year of storage at room temperature, no freezing after 24 hours at -10℃, 95% biodegradability, and no corrosion to equipment.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0046] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0047] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 92-96 parts deionized water, 1.5-3.0 parts nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, 1.0-2.5 parts nonionic organosilicon surfactant, 0.8-2.0 parts low-conductivity phosphate flame retardant, 0.5-1.5 parts polyol antifreeze, 0.1-0.3 parts plant-based foam stabilizer, and 0.2-0.6 parts environmentally friendly co-solvent. The extinguishing agent has a conductivity ≤25μS / cm, a pH value of 6.8-7.5, a surface tension of 19-26mN / m, does not delaminate after one year of storage at room temperature, and does not freeze at -10℃. All performance characteristics meet the national standard GB17835-2024 "Water-based Fire Extinguishing Agents" and can be safely used for extinguishing fires involving 36kV and below electrical equipment.

2. The low conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant is selected from one or more of APG0810, AEO-9, and Tween 80; APG0810 is an alkyl polysaccharide derived from renewable natural resources and is completely biodegradable; AEO-9 is a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, which is versatile and low in cost; Tween 80 is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, which has excellent compatibility. All three can effectively reduce the surface tension of the extinguishing agent and improve wettability and spreadability.

3. The low conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nonionic organosilicon surfactant is a domestically produced general-purpose polyether-modified trisiloxane with a conductivity of ≤8μS / cm and excellent thermal stability. It can significantly improve the atomization effect and sustained cooling capacity of the extinguishing agent, and work synergistically with the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant to enhance the overall performance of the extinguishing agent.

4. The low conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-conductivity phosphate flame retardant is selected from triethyl phosphate (TEP) and dimethyl phosphate. It does not contain electrolyte salt components, reduces the conductivity of the extinguishing agent, and exerts a dual flame retardant effect of chemical inhibition and physical isolation. It has high flame retardant efficiency and does not introduce high-conductivity impurities.

5. The low conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyol antifreeze agent is selected from propylene glycol and glycerin, both of which are common domestic chemical raw materials, inexpensive and readily available. It not only improves the antifreeze performance of the extinguishing agent and prevents freezing at low temperatures, but also improves the compatibility of the components and enhances the stability of the system. The plant-based foam stabilizer is selected from guar gum and gum arabic, which are natural plant extracts, environmentally friendly and non-toxic. It can improve the viscosity and adhesion of the extinguishing agent, prolong the residence time on the burning surface, and enhance the anti-reignition performance. The environmentally friendly co-solvent is diethylene glycol butyl ether, which is commercially available in China. It can promote the full dissolution of the components, avoid stratification and precipitation, and further improve the uniformity and storage stability of the extinguishing agent.

6. The low conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deionized water is prepared using domestic conventional reverse osmosis equipment, with a conductivity ≤10μS / cm and a pH value of 7.0±0.

3. It is free of impurities and has no additional conductivity introduced, providing a stable dissolution and dispersion medium for each component and ensuring the low conductivity performance and overall stability of the fire extinguishing agent.

7. A method for preparing a low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation: Accurately weigh each component according to the weight parts to ensure that the purity of the raw materials meets the domestic chemical raw material standards. Add deionized water into the reactor, turn on the stirring device, control the temperature inside the reactor to 25-35℃, and the stirring speed to 60-80 rpm to keep the deionized water in a stable dispersion state. S2. Surfactant compounding: Add nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant and nonionic organosilicon surfactant to the reactor in sequence, maintain the temperature at 25-35℃ and the stirring speed at 60-80 rpm, and continue stirring for 30 minutes to ensure that the two surfactants are fully dissolved and uniformly mixed to form a stable surface-active system. S3. Mixing of flame retardant and auxiliary components: Add low-conductivity phosphate flame retardant, polyol antifreeze and environmentally friendly cosolvent to the reaction vessel, keep the stirring speed constant and continue stirring for 40 minutes to fully integrate the components with the surface active system and avoid local high concentration or stratification. S4. Foam Stabilization and Formation: Add plant-based foam stabilizer to the reactor, adjust the stirring speed to 40-50 rpm, and stir at low speed for 60 minutes to ensure that the plant-based foam stabilizer is completely dissolved, so that the entire system forms a uniform, transparent liquid without lumps or sediment. S5. Filtration Testing: The liquid in the reactor is filtered through a precision filter (filtration accuracy of 0.22μm) to remove any trace impurities. The filtered extinguishing agent is then subjected to performance testing, including tests for conductivity, pH value, surface tension, extinguishing performance, resistance to reignition, storage stability, and low-temperature antifreeze performance. Once all indicators meet the national standard GB17835-2024 "Water-based Fire Extinguishing Agents", proceed to the next step. S6. Filling and Packaging: The qualified fire extinguishing agent is filled using domestic conventional filling equipment. During the filling process, the filling speed is controlled at 10-15L / min to avoid the generation of air bubbles. After filling, the container is sealed with a sealing cap and a product label is affixed. The label indicates the product name, components, performance indicators, usage method, storage conditions, shelf life, and other information to complete the packaging.

8. The method for preparing a low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reactor is protected by an inert gas to prevent impurities in the air from entering the system and to prevent oxidation of the components, thereby further improving the storage stability of the extinguishing agent. In step S5, the testing is strictly in accordance with GB17835-2024 "Water-based Fire Extinguishing Agents". The fire extinguishing performance test uses a standard fire extinguishing test device, the anti-reignition performance test uses a method of continuous observation for 30 minutes after fire extinguishing, and the low temperature antifreeze performance test uses a method of observing whether it freezes after being placed at a constant temperature of -10℃ for 24 hours.

9. A low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent prepared according to the preparation method described in claim 7, characterized in that: The extinguishing agent can be sprayed using conventional high-pressure fine water mist nozzles in China, with a nozzle pressure ≥3.5MPa, preferably 5-8MPa, and a flow rate of 1.5-2.5L / min. The water mist particles have a uniform particle size of no more than 100μm, preferably 50-100μm, which can fully cover the burning surface and improve the extinguishing efficiency. It can be widely used to extinguish fires of 36kV and below live equipment (such as substations, distribution boxes, new energy battery boxes, energy storage cabinets, etc.), Class A solid fires (such as wood, cotton, wool, paper, fabrics, etc.), Class B flammable liquid fires (such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, methanol, ethanol, etc.), and lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fires. It is suitable for various scenarios such as industrial plants, substations, new energy power plants, data centers, shopping malls, office buildings, homes, and energy storage power plants. No special operation is required during use, which is convenient, efficient, and produces no secondary pollution.

10. A low-conductivity water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the fire extinguishing agent is used to extinguish thermal runaway fires of lithium-ion batteries, it can be directly sprayed onto the surface of the lithium-ion battery module through a high-pressure fine water mist system. It can not only quickly cool down and extinguish open flames, but also inhibit the spread of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, prevent secondary fires, and will not cause additional corrosion to the battery module. There are no toxic residues after extinguishing the fire, which meets the environmental protection requirements of the new energy field.

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