A data monitoring system and method for oropharyngeal muscle training based on oral appliances

Abstract

This application provides a data monitoring system and method for oropharyngeal muscle training based on an orthodontic appliance, belonging to the field of data monitoring technology. The method includes: a system comprising an orthodontic appliance, a control module, and a monitoring terminal, which are connected sequentially. The orthodontic appliance includes a tongue pressure acquisition layer disposed on the palatal base area of ​​the maxillary orthodontic portion of the appliance; the tongue pressure acquisition layer is used to generate raw pressure signals based on pressure at different locations; the control module is used to perform data conversion and action determination on the raw pressure signals based on preset parameters to obtain monitoring results; the monitoring results are transmitted to the monitoring terminal; and the monitoring terminal is used to visualize the monitoring results. This application embodiment can use the orthodontic appliance as a unified carrier to achieve training and objective quantification of oropharyngeal muscle function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of data monitoring technology, and in particular to a data monitoring system and method for oropharyngeal muscle training based on oral appliances. Background Technology

[0002] Obstructive sleep apnea is a common chronic disease caused by repeated narrowing or collapse of the upper airway during sleep, manifested as apnea, hypoventilation, hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, and daytime sleepiness. Oral appliance therapy, especially custom-made, adjustable mandibular advancement appliances, has become an important non-continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) alternative for adult OSA, particularly suitable for patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

[0003] Among related technologies, intelligent mandibular advancement oral appliances can modify the amount of mandibular protrusion, monitor wearing compliance, or passively or actively adjust based on information such as snoring and breathing. However, relying solely on mechanical mandibular advancement cannot completely cover all the pathophysiological aspects of obstructive sleep apnea. For patients with low tongue position, insufficient tongue muscle strength, abnormal tongue-palatate contact pattern, poor oropharyngeal muscle coordination, or significant posterior displacement of the tongue base during sleep, oropharyngeal muscle training has been used to improve tongue position, strengthen upper airway dilator muscle function, and improve swallowing and mouth closure ability, and has shown certain adjunctive therapeutic value in some adult OSA patients. Related oropharyngeal muscle training largely relies on patient self-practice or subjective guidance from medical staff, lacking objective quantification of oropharyngeal muscle training quality indicators.

[0004] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this application is to propose a data monitoring system and method for oropharyngeal muscle training based on oral appliances, so as to achieve objective quantification of the functional status of oropharyngeal muscles.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of this application proposes an oropharyngeal muscle training data monitoring system based on an oral appliance, the system comprising: The system includes an orthodontic appliance, a control module, and a monitoring terminal, which are connected in sequence. The orthodontic appliance includes a tongue pressure acquisition layer, which is located in the palatal base area of ​​the maxillary orthodontic part of the orthodontic appliance. The tongue pressure acquisition layer is used to generate raw pressure signals based on the pressure at different locations; The control module is used to perform data conversion and action determination on the original pressure signal based on preset parameters to obtain monitoring results; and transmit the monitoring results to the monitoring terminal. The monitoring terminal is used to visualize the monitoring results.

[0007] In some embodiments, the tongue pressure acquisition layer includes a flexible substrate layer, a conductive circuit layer, a pressure-sensing unit layer, and a protective encapsulation layer. The structure of the tongue pressure acquisition layer, from top to bottom, consists of the flexible substrate layer, the conductive circuit layer, the pressure-sensing unit layer, and the protective encapsulation layer. The flexible substrate layer is attached to the mounting surface of the palatal base area. The conductive circuit layer is connected to the control module along the edge of the palatal base area via wires. The pressure-sensing unit layer includes multiple pressure-sensing units arranged in a matrix, and the pressure-sensing units are connected to the conductive circuit layer.

[0008] In some embodiments, the oral appliance further includes a maxillary orthodontic portion and a mandibular orthodontic portion, wherein the maxillary orthodontic portion and the mandibular orthodontic portion are connected by a forward adjustment structure.

[0009] In some embodiments, the system further includes a management terminal connected to the monitoring terminal; The management terminal is used to issue preset parameters for different monitoring modes; The monitoring terminal is also used to transmit the preset parameters corresponding to the monitoring mode to the control module in response to the mode selection command.

[0010] In some embodiments, the monitoring terminal is further configured to: In response to the mode selection command, the oropharyngeal muscle training debugging interface is displayed, and the control module is put into the debugging stage to obtain debugging parameters; Upon receiving the debugging parameters, in response to the execution of training instructions on the oropharyngeal muscle training debugging interface, the oropharyngeal muscle training animation interface is displayed, which includes an oral cavity model component and a data component. Based on the target pressure data at different times in the monitoring results, different areas of the oral cavity model component are displayed with different colors or brightness, and the target pressure data is displayed in the data component.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application proposes a method for monitoring oropharyngeal muscle training data. This method is applied to the oropharyngeal muscle training data monitoring system based on an orthodontic appliance described in the above embodiments. The method includes the following steps: The pressure-sensing unit of the tongue pressure acquisition layer is cyclically scanned based on the preset sequence and sampling frequency of the preset parameters to obtain the original pressure signal; The original pressure signal is converted from analog to digital to obtain initial pressure data at different locations; The initial pressure data is filtered to obtain the target pressure data; Feature extraction is performed on the target pressure data to obtain feature parameters; Action determination is performed on the aforementioned feature parameters to obtain monitoring results.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of filtering the initial pressure data to obtain target pressure data includes: Obtain the pressure threshold of each pressure-sensing unit in the debugging parameters; If the initial pressure data is less than the pressure threshold, the initial pressure data of the corresponding pressure sensing unit is removed.

[0013] In some embodiments, the pressure threshold is obtained through the following steps: During the commissioning phase, short-time baseline sampling is performed on each pressure sensing unit to obtain the zero-point value and environmental fluctuation amplitude of each pressure sensing unit. The pressure threshold is calculated for each pressure-sensing unit based on the empirical coefficient in the preset parameters, the zero-point value, and the environmental fluctuation amplitude.

[0014] In some embodiments, the step of determining the action on the feature parameters to obtain the monitoring result includes: The set of contact areas and the set of target areas with the preset parameters are matched to obtain the degree of area matching. The pressure matching degree is obtained by performing pressure matching based on the average pressure of the total contact area and the target pressure of the preset parameters. The time matching degree is obtained by matching the actual duration of the pressure with the target duration of the preset parameter. The degree of symmetry is obtained by calculating the average pressure in the left and right mirror sub-regions of the tongue pressure collection layer. The action score is obtained by weighting and summing the degree of regional matching, the degree of pressure matching, the degree of time matching, and the degree of symmetry. The monitoring results include the action score and the feature parameters, which include the set of contact areas, the average pressure of the total contact area, the actual duration, and the average pressure of the left and right mirror sub-areas.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method described above.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the embodiments of this application proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described above.

[0017] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the embodiments of this application proposes a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned method.

[0018] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a data monitoring system, method, electronic device, storage medium, and program product for oropharyngeal muscle training based on an orthodontic appliance. This solution uses the orthodontic appliance as a unified carrier and integrates a tongue pressure acquisition layer adapted to the hard palate anatomy on it, so that the same device can perform airway treatment and oropharyngeal muscle training, realize the objective quantification of the functional state of the oropharyngeal muscles, and visualize the monitoring results through the monitoring terminal, which is conducive to users intuitively understanding the oropharyngeal muscle training results, improving training efficiency and user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oropharyngeal muscle training data monitoring system based on an oral appliance provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the orthodontic appliance provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the oropharyngeal muscle training data monitoring system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit it. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this application; they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0022] Obstructive sleep apnea is a common chronic disease caused by repeated narrowing or collapse of the upper airway during sleep, manifested as apnea, hypoventilation, hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, and daytime sleepiness. Orthodontic appliance therapy, especially custom-made, adjustable mandibular advancement appliances, has become an important non-continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) alternative for adult OSA, particularly suitable for patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

[0023] The core mechanism of relevant clinical oral appliances is mainly to move the mandible forward, indirectly causing the tongue root and its attachment structures to move forward, thereby expanding the airway volume in the posterior palate and posterior tongue regions. However, simple mechanical forward movement cannot cover all pathophysiological aspects of OSA. For patients with low tongue position, insufficient tongue muscle strength, abnormal tongue-palatal contact pattern, and poor oropharyngeal muscle coordination, relying solely on passive forward movement at night often results in unstable treatment response, the need for repeated titration, and significant side effects in some patients.

[0024] On the other hand, orofacial muscle function therapy and oropharyngeal muscle training have been used to improve tongue position, strengthen upper airway dilator muscle function, and improve swallowing and mouth closure ability, and have shown certain adjunctive therapeutic value in some adult OSA patients.

[0025] Among related technologies, intelligent mandibular advancement oral appliances can modify the amount of mandibular protrusion, monitor wearing compliance, or passively or actively adjust based on information such as snoring and breathing. However, relying solely on mechanical mandibular advancement cannot completely cover all the pathophysiological aspects of obstructive sleep apnea. For patients with low tongue position, insufficient tongue muscle strength, abnormal tongue-palatate contact pattern, poor oropharyngeal muscle coordination, or significant posterior displacement of the tongue base during sleep, oropharyngeal muscle training has been used to improve tongue position, strengthen upper airway dilator muscle function, and improve swallowing and mouth closure ability, and has shown certain adjunctive therapeutic value in some adult OSA patients. Related oropharyngeal muscle training largely relies on patient self-practice or subjective guidance from medical staff, lacking objective quantification of oropharyngeal muscle training quality indicators.

[0026] In view of this, this application provides a data monitoring system and method for oropharyngeal muscle training based on an orthodontic appliance. This solution uses the orthodontic appliance as a unified carrier and integrates a tongue pressure acquisition layer adapted to the hard palate anatomy on it, so that the same device can perform airway treatment and oropharyngeal muscle training, realize the objective quantification of the functional status of the oropharyngeal muscles, and visualize the monitoring results through the monitoring terminal, which is conducive to users intuitively understanding the oropharyngeal muscle training results, improving training efficiency and user experience.

[0027] The oropharyngeal muscle training data monitoring method provided in this application relates to the field of data monitoring technology. The oropharyngeal muscle training data monitoring method provided in this application can be applied to a terminal, a server, or software running on a terminal or server. In some embodiments, the terminal can be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, smart speaker, smartwatch, or vehicle terminal, but is not limited to these. The server can be configured as an independent physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN, and big data and artificial intelligence platforms. The server can also be a node server in a blockchain network. The software can be an application implementing the oropharyngeal muscle training data monitoring method, but is not limited to the above forms.

[0028] Figure 1 This is an optional structural diagram of the oropharyngeal muscle training data monitoring system based on an oral appliance provided in this application embodiment. The system includes an oral appliance, a control module, and a monitoring terminal, which are connected in sequence. The oral appliance includes a tongue pressure acquisition layer, which is located in the palatal base area of ​​the maxillary orthodontic part of the oral appliance. The tongue pressure acquisition layer is used to generate raw pressure signals based on the pressure at different locations; The control module is used to perform data conversion and action determination on the raw pressure signal based on preset parameters to obtain monitoring results; and transmit the monitoring results to the monitoring terminal. The monitoring terminal is used to visualize the monitoring results.

[0029] In some embodiments, the oral appliance further includes a maxillary orthodontic portion and a mandibular orthodontic portion, the maxillary orthodontic portion and the mandibular orthodontic portion being connected by a protrusion adjustment structure.

[0030] Specifically, please refer to Figure 2 The instrument fabrication process begins with individualized modeling based on the user's dentition and occlusal relationship. Clinically, maxillary and mandibular data can be obtained through intraoral scanning. The orthodontic components for both jaws are then designed according to the patient's dental arch morphology, overjet relationship, and expected protrusion range. The maxillary orthodontic component conforms to the occlusal surface, labial / buccal side, and palatal base area of ​​the maxillary dentition. The palatal base area extends towards the hard palate to form the mounting surface for the tongue pressure acquisition layer. The mandibular orthodontic component conforms to the mandibular dentition, with pre-reserved mounting positions for protrusion adjustment structures on the lateral sides of the bilateral posterior teeth or in the canine-premolar region.

[0031] The forward adjustment structure connects the maxillary orthodontic section and the mandibular orthodontic section, and adjusts their relative front-to-back position. It can be one or more of the following: double-sided screws, telescopic rods, hook traction devices, segmented locking devices, or sliding groove limiting devices.

[0032] Preferably, the protrusion adjustment structure is located in the bilateral buccal region or the lateral region of the posterior teeth to reduce interference with the palatal space and tongue movement.

[0033] In some embodiments, the extension adjustment mechanism is equipped with a micro-actuator, which receives instructions and makes minor adjustments.

[0034] In some embodiments, the tongue pressure acquisition layer includes a flexible base layer, a conductive circuit layer, a pressure-sensing unit layer, and a protective encapsulation layer. The structure of the tongue pressure acquisition layer, from top to bottom, consists of a flexible base layer, a conductive circuit layer, a pressure-sensing unit layer, and a protective encapsulation layer. The flexible base layer is attached to the mounting surface of the palatal base area. The conductive circuit layer is connected to the control module along the edge of the palatal base area via wires. The pressure-sensing unit layer includes multiple pressure-sensing units distributed in a matrix. The pressure-sensing units are connected to the conductive circuit layer.

[0035] Specifically, please refer to Figure 2 The tongue pressure sensing layer, from the side closest to the base to the side closest to the tongue, consists of a flexible base layer, a conductive circuit layer, a pressure-sensing unit layer, and a protective encapsulation layer. The lead wire extends along the edge of the maxillary base or a pre-designed wiring groove to the area where the control and communication module (control module) is located. This design allows the pressure-sensing unit layer to conform to the curved surface of the hard palate and maintain stable operation even in a moist oral environment through encapsulation.

[0036] In some embodiments, the system also includes a management terminal connected to the monitoring terminal; The management console is used to distribute preset parameters for different monitoring modes; The monitoring terminal is also used to respond to mode selection commands by transmitting the preset parameters of the corresponding monitoring mode to the control module.

[0037] Specifically, the management end can be the doctor's end, and the monitoring end can be the patient's end. The monitoring mode includes different training modes and treatment modes for the oropharyngeal muscles. The preset parameters include, but are not limited to, target area mask, target pressure P_ref, allowable deviation ΔP, target duration t_ref, planned number of movements, number of sets, rest time between sets, error mode judgment threshold, sampling frequency, mode switching permission, and recommended forward extension level.

[0038] In some embodiments, the monitoring terminal is also used for: In response to the mode selection command, the oropharyngeal muscle training debugging interface is displayed, and the control module is put into the debugging stage to obtain debugging parameters; Upon receiving the debugging parameters, in response to the execution of training instructions on the oropharyngeal muscle training debugging interface, the oropharyngeal muscle training animation interface is displayed, which includes an oral cavity model component and a data component. Based on the target pressure data at different times in the monitoring results, different areas of the oral cavity model component are displayed with different colors or brightness, and the target pressure data is displayed in the data component.

[0039] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3 The mode selection command allows users to choose different training or treatment modes. For example, after wearing the device, the user selects a training item on the mobile terminal (monitoring terminal). The control and communication module (control module) receives the preset parameter package corresponding to the training item and switches to the training mode. Subsequently, the system performs baseline sampling and trial operation before starting formal training. During the debugging phase, the control module performs baseline sampling and trial operation, and the debugging parameters include the pressure threshold of each pressure sensing unit.

[0040] During training, different areas of the oral cavity model component are displayed with different colors or brightness based on the target pressure data at different times in the monitoring results, and the target pressure data is displayed in the data component, so that users can intuitively understand the training results of the oropharyngeal muscles, thereby improving training efficiency and user experience.

[0041] In some embodiments, the mobile terminal can provide feedback to the patient via a progress bar, prompts, or voice to indicate whether the direction is correct, the force is appropriate, and the holding time is up to standard.

[0042] Typical training exercises may include: resting tongue position training, tongue tip positioning training, mid-palate contact maintenance training, relatively posterior area reach training, front-middle-back sequential movement training, and left-right balanced training. For each type of task, the target area mask, reference pressure range, single-hold time, number of repetitions, and rest time between sets can be set separately.

[0043] In some embodiments, for ease of training interpretation, the palatal pressure-sensing area can be logically divided into anterior, middle, and relatively posterior target areas. The anterior area is mainly used for tongue tip positioning and resting tongue position training; the middle area is used for tongue palate contact and sustained maintenance training; and the posterior area is used to increase posterior tongue involvement and reduce training methods that rely solely on anterior compensation. The tongue pressure acquisition layer obtains not just peak pressure at a single moment, but continuous contact distribution information. Based on this, the system can determine whether the patient's tongue has achieved stable attachment in the target area, or whether there is only brief contact, unilateral deviation, anterior overcompensation, or insufficient maintenance time. This interpretation method more closely approximates the actual training quality. This embodiment also provides a method for monitoring oropharyngeal muscle training data, which may include, but is not limited to, steps S101 to S105.

[0044] Step S101: Based on the preset sequence and sampling frequency of preset parameters, the pressure sensing unit of the tongue pressure acquisition layer is cyclically scanned to obtain the original pressure signal; Step S102: Perform analog-to-digital conversion on the original pressure signal to obtain initial pressure data at different locations; Step S103: Filter the initial pressure data to obtain the target pressure data; Step S104: Extract features from the target pressure data to obtain feature parameters; Step S105: Determine the action of the feature parameters to obtain the monitoring results.

[0045] In step S101 of some embodiments, during actual operation, each pressure-sensing unit in the palatal sensing layer is cyclically scanned in a preset order. The pressure-sensing units are arranged in a matrix distribution, for example, forming multiple rows and columns of sampling points along the front-back and left-right directions, thereby covering the tongue tip positioning area, the tongue body palate contact area, and the relatively posterior target training area. Each pressure-sensing unit outputs a pressure or contact intensity signal at the corresponding position, which is converted by the control module into a raw sampling sequence arranged continuously over time. In training mode, the sampling frequency can be set to 20 to 50 times per second, making the feedback of the oropharyngeal muscle training animation interface coherent; in treatment mode, it can be reduced to 1 to 5 times per second, or event-triggered sampling can be used, recording data only when there is a continuous change in contact, abnormal high pressure, or when a preset time window is reached, thereby retaining valuable contact information while reducing power consumption and invalid data accumulation.

[0046] In step S102 of some embodiments, after the raw pressure signal enters the control module, it is first transmitted to the analog front-end circuit for noise reduction and smoothing. For sudden spikes in a single frame, occasional contacts with excessively short durations, and abnormal fluctuations that significantly deviate from the tongue-palatine contact pattern, the system does not directly include them in the effective training results, but suppresses them through median filtering, moving average, or adjacent frame consistency judgment. For example, when a high-pressure signal lasts only one to two sampling cycles, and there is no synchronous contact at the surrounding adjacent sampling points, it can be judged as transient noise or saliva disturbance, rather than actual tongue adhesion, and then converted into a digital sequence (initial pressure data) by the analog-to-digital conversion unit.

[0047] In some embodiments, step S103 may include, but is not limited to, steps S301 to S302: Step S301: Obtain the pressure threshold of each pressure sensing unit in the debugging parameters; Step S302: If the initial pressure data is less than the pressure threshold, the initial pressure data of the corresponding pressure sensing unit is removed.

[0048] In steps S301 to S302 of some embodiments, by calculating the individualized pressure threshold for each pressure-sensing unit, it is beneficial to adapt to the differences in palate shape, encapsulation thickness and humidity environment of different patients.

[0049] In some embodiments, the pressure threshold can be obtained through steps S310 to S320: Step S310: During the commissioning phase, short-time baseline sampling is performed on each pressure sensing unit to obtain the zero-point value and environmental fluctuation amplitude of each pressure sensing unit. Step S320: Calculate the pressure threshold for each pressure-sensing unit based on the empirical coefficient, zero-point value, and environmental fluctuation amplitude in the preset parameters to obtain the pressure threshold.

[0050] In steps S310 to S320 of some embodiments, before each training session begins, the system performs short-term baseline sampling. The patient is required to remain still in their mouth for two to five seconds, with the tongue not actively pressing against the training area. The system thus obtains the zero-point value B_i and the environmental fluctuation amplitude N_i for each sampling point. Then, an individualized threshold θ_i = B_i + k·N_i is established for each sampling point (pressure-sensing unit), where k is an empirical coefficient. Subsequently, only when the real-time pressure value p_i(t) of a sampling point exceeds θ_i is it determined to be a "valid contact candidate point".

[0051] In step S104 of some embodiments, the feature parameters include, but are not limited to: contact area set A, which represents the set of all pressure-sensitive units that exceed a threshold at a certain moment or within a certain action window; The contact center, representing the spatial center of gravity obtained by weighting the effective contact points according to the pressure, is used to determine whether the force application position falls within the target area. Effective contact area is represented by the number of pressure-sensitive units in A multiplied by the unit area, or by the continuous contact area obtained after interpolation, and is used to distinguish between point contact and surface attachment.

[0052] Peak pressure, average pressure, and pressure-time integral reflect instantaneous intensity, overall intensity, and cumulative participation, respectively.

[0053] In some embodiments, step S105 may include, but is not limited to, steps S501 to S505: Step S501: Perform region matching on the contact region set and the target region set with preset parameters to obtain the region matching degree; Step S502: Perform pressure matching based on the average pressure of the total contact area and the target pressure of the preset parameters to obtain the degree of pressure matching; Step S503: Perform time matching based on the actual duration of the pressure and the target duration of the preset parameters to obtain the degree of time matching; Step S504: Calculate the degree of symmetry based on the average pressure of the left and right mirror sub-regions of the tongue pressure acquisition layer. Step S505: The degree of regional matching, the degree of pressure matching, the degree of time matching, and the degree of symmetry are weighted and summed to obtain the action score.

[0054] In steps S501 to S505 of some embodiments, the calculation of the degree of regional matching, the degree of pressure matching, the degree of time matching, and the degree of symmetry is as follows: Region matching degree: S_region=|A∩T| / |A∪T|; Pressure matching degree: S_pressure=max{0,1-| _target-P_ref| / ΔP}; Duration matching degree: S_time=min{t_hold / t_ref,1}; Symmetry degree: S_sym = 1 - |P_left - P_right| / (P_left + P_right + ε); Single action score: Score_action=100×(w1·S_region+w2·S_pressure+w3·S_time+w4·S_sym); Where A represents the set of effective contact areas within this action, and T represents the set of target areas corresponding to the current training item. _target is the average pressure within the target area, P_ref is the target pressure preset by the doctor, ΔP is the allowable deviation range, t_hold is the duration for which the action meets the conditions, t_ref is the target duration required by the task, P_left and P_right represent the cumulative pressure or average pressure of the left and right mirror sub-regions respectively, and ε is a minimum value set to avoid the denominator being zero.

[0055] For example, w1=0.35, w2=0.25, w3=0.25, w4=0.15; the weights are not fixed and can be adjusted by the doctor according to the type of training task. For example, the weight of region matching can be appropriately increased for resting tongue position training, the weight of duration can be appropriately increased for posterior touch training, and the weight of symmetry can be increased for left-right balance training.

[0056] In some embodiments, a single training session score can be further formed based on the single action score. This can be exemplarily written as: Score_session = 0.6 × average single action score + 0.2 × completion rate + 0.1 × stability score + 0.1 × (1 Error rate) × 100. Here, completion rate refers to the ratio of the number of effective actions completed to the number of planned actions. Stability score reflects the degree of fluctuation between consecutive actions, and error rate reflects the frequency of error patterns such as anterior compensation, unilateral force exertion, and insufficient maintenance. This satisfies both immediate feedback from patients and provides standardized indicators for trend analysis by doctors.

[0057] The solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and explained below with reference to specific application examples: During daytime training, patients first put on their orthodontic appliances, then select training programs via a gamified interface on a mobile device. Training programs can be categorized according to clinical goals, including resting tongue position training, tongue tip positioning training, tongue mid-palate contact training, posterior target area reach training, sequential front-middle-back movement training, left-right balance training, and coordination training combined with swallowing movements. Upon entering the training interface, the device first displays the target area, target intensity range, single hold time, and number of repetitions for this training session, and provides one or two trial runs to help the patient understand the requirements.

[0058] Once formal training begins, the system receives sensor data frame by frame and determines in real time whether the action has entered the target state, guiding the patient to complete the corresponding action through a gamified interface. When the patient's tongue gradually approaches the target area, the interface can prompt with color changes, cursor movement, or area highlighting; when both contact intensity and holding time meet the requirements, the interface displays the progress and accumulates one valid action; when the system detects lateral deviation, anterior compensation, or insufficient duration, it prompts the patient to adjust the force application method through text, color, or voice.

[0059] Taking resting tongue position training as an example, the system requires the tip and middle areas of the tongue to form a low-intensity but continuous contact and remain stable for a preset time. If the pressure is too high, the system prompts the patient to reduce the pressure. If there is only a single point of contact in the front area without the middle area participating, the system prompts the patient to raise the middle section of the tongue. Taking training in the posterior target area as an example, the system requires continuous contact in the posterior area and restricts significant high pressure in the front area at the same time. Taking sequential movement training as an example, the system judges whether the patient has completed continuous movement from front to middle and from middle to back based on the trajectory of the contact center over time, rather than random, skipping contact.

[0060] To facilitate long-term adherence, the training program can be managed in groups. A single training session can consist of three to six sets of tasks, each containing several effective movements with short rest periods in between. The system automatically records the completion rate, average holding time, and common error types for each set, and generates a training summary at the end of the session. Patients can see the daily number of completions, consecutive days of practice, weak points in each target area, and trends over the past week. Doctors can use these results to determine whether the patient is better suited for training focused on strengthening anterior stabilization, central attachment, or posterior areas.

[0061] When used at night, the device returns to mandibular advancement treatment mode, shifting its focus from real-time training feedback to maintaining mandibular protrusion, ensuring stable wear, and recording limited data. At this time, the terminal no longer continuously displays the training interface, and the control module operates according to a low-power strategy, recording only the wearing duration, contact status within a preset time window, abnormal sustained high-voltage events, or mode switching status. Furthermore, a pure treatment mode can be achieved by directly removing the palatal sensor module.

[0062] The training mode and treatment mode can be switched via terminal commands, charging base recognition, external magnetic switch, button confirmation, or a combination of these methods. After switching modes, the system automatically calls the corresponding sampling frequency, threshold judgment rules, display strategy, and data storage strategy, so that different tasks can be performed on the same device during the day and at night without interference.

[0063] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method. This electronic device can include any smart terminal such as a tablet computer or an in-vehicle computer.

[0064] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this device embodiment. The specific functions implemented by this device embodiment are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0065] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 The hardware structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment is illustrated. The electronic device includes: The processor 901 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. The memory 902 can be implemented as a read-only memory (ROM), static storage device, dynamic storage device, or random access memory (RAM). The memory 902 can store the operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 902 and is called and executed by the processor 901 using the methods described in the embodiments of this application. The 903 input / output interface is used to implement information input and output. The communication interface 904 is used to enable communication and interaction between this device and other devices. Communication can be achieved through wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.). Bus 905 transmits information between various components of the device (e.g., processor 901, memory 902, input / output interface 903, and communication interface 904); The processor 901, memory 902, input / output interface 903, and communication interface 904 are connected to each other within the device via bus 905.

[0066] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0067] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this storage medium embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this storage medium embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0068] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0069] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to the embodiments of this program product. The specific functions implemented by the embodiments of this program product are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0070] Memory, as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transitory software programs and non-transitory computer-executable programs. Furthermore, memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, memory may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0071] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0072] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0073] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, as well as the functional modules / units in the systems and devices, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0075] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0076] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0077] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0078] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0079] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0080] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes multiple instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing programs, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0081] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A data monitoring system for oropharyngeal muscle training based on oral appliances, characterized in that, The system includes an orthodontic appliance, a control module, and a monitoring terminal, which are connected in sequence. The orthodontic appliance includes a tongue pressure acquisition layer, which is located in the palatal base area of ​​the maxillary orthodontic part of the orthodontic appliance. The tongue pressure acquisition layer is used to generate raw pressure signals based on the pressure at different locations; The control module is used to perform data conversion and action determination on the original pressure signal based on preset parameters to obtain monitoring results; and transmit the monitoring results to the monitoring terminal. The monitoring terminal is used to visualize the monitoring results.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tongue pressure acquisition layer includes a flexible base layer, a conductive circuit layer, a pressure-sensing unit layer, and a protective encapsulation layer. The structure of the tongue pressure acquisition layer from top to bottom consists of the flexible base layer, the conductive circuit layer, the pressure-sensing unit layer, and the protective encapsulation layer. The flexible base layer is attached to the mounting surface of the palatal base area. The conductive circuit layer is connected to the control module along the edge of the palatal base area via wires. The pressure-sensing unit layer includes multiple pressure-sensing units distributed in a matrix, and the pressure-sensing units are connected to the conductive circuit layer.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oral appliance also includes an maxillary orthodontic part and a mandibular orthodontic part, which are connected by a forward protrusion adjustment structure.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a management terminal, which is connected to the monitoring terminal; The management terminal is used to issue preset parameters for different monitoring modes; The monitoring terminal is also used to transmit the preset parameters corresponding to the monitoring mode to the control module in response to the mode selection command.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring terminal is also used for: In response to the mode selection command, the oropharyngeal muscle training debugging interface is displayed, and the control module is put into the debugging stage to obtain debugging parameters; Upon receiving the debugging parameters, in response to the execution of training instructions on the oropharyngeal muscle training debugging interface, the oropharyngeal muscle training animation interface is displayed, which includes an oral cavity model component and a data component. Based on the target pressure data at different times in the monitoring results, different areas of the oral cavity model component are displayed with different colors or brightness, and the target pressure data is displayed in the data component.

6. A method for monitoring oropharyngeal muscle training data, characterized in that, The method is applied to the oropharyngeal muscle training data monitoring system based on oral appliances according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method includes the following steps: The pressure-sensing unit of the tongue pressure acquisition layer is cyclically scanned based on the preset sequence and sampling frequency of the preset parameters to obtain the original pressure signal; The original pressure signal is converted from analog to digital to obtain initial pressure data at different locations; The initial pressure data is filtered to obtain the target pressure data; Feature extraction is performed on the target pressure data to obtain feature parameters; Action determination is performed on the aforementioned feature parameters to obtain monitoring results.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of filtering the initial pressure data to obtain the target pressure data includes: Obtain the pressure threshold of each pressure-sensing unit in the debugging parameters; If the initial pressure data is less than the pressure threshold, the initial pressure data of the corresponding pressure sensing unit is removed.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pressure threshold is obtained through the following steps: During the commissioning phase, short-time baseline sampling is performed on each pressure sensing unit to obtain the zero-point value and environmental fluctuation amplitude of each pressure sensing unit. The pressure threshold is calculated for each pressure-sensing unit based on the empirical coefficient in the preset parameters, the zero-point value, and the environmental fluctuation amplitude.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of determining the action based on the feature parameters to obtain the monitoring result includes: The set of contact areas and the set of target areas with the preset parameters are matched to obtain the degree of area matching. The pressure matching degree is obtained by performing pressure matching based on the average pressure of the total contact area and the target pressure of the preset parameters. The time matching degree is obtained by matching the actual duration of the pressure with the target duration of the preset parameter. The degree of symmetry is obtained by calculating the average pressure in the left and right mirror sub-regions of the tongue pressure collection layer. The action score is obtained by weighted summation of the degree of regional matching, the degree of pressure matching, the degree of time matching, and the degree of symmetry. The monitoring results include the action score and the feature parameters, which include the set of contact areas, the average pressure of the total contact area, the actual duration, and the average pressure of the left and right mirror sub-areas.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method of any one of claims 6 to 9.

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