A flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration.

Abstract

This invention discloses a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration, relating to the field of flue gas purification technology. It includes a tower body, a cyclone dust collector for removing dust from inside the flue gas, a deacidification and desuperheating tower for initially removing acidity from inside the flue gas, and a bag filter for removing dry powder and dust. The tower body is internally equipped with an adjustment component, a spray component, and a demister component. The adjustment component includes a sieve plate, which is detachably connected to the inner wall of the tower body. By setting the adjustment component, the flue gas flow rate and the spray water flow rate can be synchronously adjusted, ensuring the gas-liquid ratio remains optimal, stabilizing deacidification efficiency under varying operating conditions, saving alkali and water resources, optimizing the flow field inside the tower, reducing the load on the demister, reducing equipment scaling and clogging, improving system adaptability and operational reliability, and lowering operating and maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas purification technology, and in particular to a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste combustion. Background Technology

[0002] The flue gas produced during waste incineration contains a large number of pollutants, including acidic gases (such as HCl and SOx), heavy metals, dioxins, and particulate matter. Traditional flue gas purification technologies typically employ single dust removal or acid removal processes, such as electrostatic precipitators, bag filters, or wet acid removal towers. However, these technologies struggle to efficiently remove multiple pollutants simultaneously, and they generate large quantities of fly ash. As hazardous waste, fly ash is costly to treat and poses significant environmental risks; therefore, a comprehensive purification technology capable of reducing fly ash generation at its source is urgently needed. In recent years, with increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the waste incineration industry's demand for fly ash reduction and resource recovery has become increasingly pressing. Common flue gas purification solutions include: (1) Single bag filter: It can efficiently remove flue dust and activated carbon adsorbed by dioxins, but its effect on removing acidic gases is limited, and the fly ash contains a large amount of deacidifying agents, which are difficult to separate; (2) Wet deacidification tower: It can effectively remove acidic gases, but it cannot collect fly ash separately, resulting in fly ash mixing with wastewater, which increases the difficulty of subsequent treatment; (3) Dry deacidification + bag filter combination: Although it can reduce acidic gases, the fly ash still contains unreacted deacidifying agents and activated carbon, and the total amount of fly ash is still high. All of these solutions have the problems of incomplete fly ash classification and insufficient volume reduction effect; Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and propose a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration. The device includes a tower body, a cyclone dust collector for removing dust from the inside of the flue gas, a deacidification and desuperheating tower for initially removing acidity from the inside of the flue gas, and a bag filter for removing dry powder and dust. The tower body is equipped with an adjustment component, a spray component, and a demisting component. The adjusting assembly includes a sieve plate, which is detachably connected to the inner wall of the tower body. The sieve plate has multiple holes. A support rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the tower body. An adjusting block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod. An electro-hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tower body. A connecting strip is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electro-hydraulic rod. One end of the connecting strip, which passes through the outer wall of the tower body, is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support rod. A leak-proof plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting strip. The leak-proof plate is slidably connected to a groove provided on the tower body.

[0004] Preferably, the spray assembly includes a water inlet cylinder, a water inlet frame rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tower body, a water inlet pipe fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water inlet frame, a nozzle fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water inlet pipe, one end of the water inlet cylinder penetrating the tower body communicating with the water inlet frame, a motor detachably connected to the top of the tower body, a first bevel gear rotatably connected to the shaft of the motor, a transmission rod rotatably connected to the tower body, a second bevel gear fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod, a third bevel gear fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod, and the outer wall of the transmission rod located inside the tower body detachably connected to the water inlet pipe. By setting up the spray assembly, uniform and complete coverage of the spray liquid within the tower can be achieved, eliminating deacidification dead zones, enhancing the gas-liquid crossflow collision effect, making the reaction between acidic gas and sprayed alkaline solution more complete, and improving deacidification efficiency and alkaline solution utilization.

[0005] Preferably, the top of the telescopic end of the electric hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to a drive pipe via a connecting rod. A rotating plate is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the water inlet cylinder. A round rod is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating plate that passes through the water inlet cylinder. A drive rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the round rod. The drive rod fits into a sliding groove provided on the drive pipe. By setting up the drive pipe, drive rod, round rod, and rotating plate, the flow rate of the spray water can be controlled, thereby avoiding excessive or insufficient spray water flow. Excessive spraying will produce a large number of fine droplets that are difficult to intercept, which can easily penetrate the demister and cause white smoke and smoke to escape from the chimney. Insufficient spraying may result in incomplete removal of acidic gases, leading to direct emissions exceeding standards.

[0006] Preferably, the demisting assembly includes a demisting plate, a spring telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body, the telescopic end of the spring telescopic rod is detachably connected to the bottom of the demisting plate, a striking rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tower body via a torsion spring, a baffle is fixedly connected to the top of the demisting plate, and a rotating rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating plate. By setting the demisting assembly, the filtration of water vapor in the flue gas is achieved.

[0007] Preferably, the inner wall of the tower body is detachably connected to a collection plate, which has multiple holes. A ring is fixedly connected to the collection plate through the holes. By setting the collection plate, the flue gas is evenly dispersed, which facilitates the demister assembly to filter water vapor in the flue gas, thereby avoiding affecting the demister plate's filtration effect on water vapor.

[0008] Preferably, the inner wall of the tower body is detachably connected to a gas collecting plate, the top of which is fixedly connected to the gas outlet of the tower body. By setting the gas collecting plate, the flue gas can be quickly collected, thereby preventing the flue gas from accumulating inside the tower body and thus avoiding affecting the use of the internal parts of the tower body.

[0009] Preferably, a sealing strip is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body, the outer wall of the sealing strip is in contact with the outer wall of the water inlet frame, and the side of the sealing strip away from the water inlet frame is set as an inclined surface. By setting the sealing strip, the rotatable connection between the water inlet frame and the inner wall of the tower body is sealed, thereby preventing the spray water from flowing out through the connection between the water inlet frame and the tower body, and thus preventing the loss of spray water.

[0010] Preferably, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod, and an arc-shaped strip is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting rod. The outer wall of the arc-shaped strip fits against the inner wall of the tower body. By setting the connecting rod and the arc-shaped strip, impurities adhering to the inner wall of the bottom of the tower body can be cleaned, thereby avoiding damage to the inner wall of the tower body caused by impurities adhering to the inner wall of the tower body, and thus extending the service life of the tower body.

[0011] Preferably, an inclined plate is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the tower body, and an agitator is rotatably connected to the bottom of the transmission rod. The outer wall of the agitator is in contact with the top of the inclined plate. By setting the inclined plate and the agitator, the spray water can be quickly gathered and agitated. The inclined plate can accelerate the gathering of the spray water, thereby facilitating the collection of used spray water and thus facilitating the filtration of the spray water. At the same time, the agitator can agitate the used spray water, thereby preventing impurities and salts from depositing at the bottom of the tower body.

[0012] A method for purifying flue gas to reduce fly ash from waste incineration includes the following steps: S1: Installation and commissioning: Position and install each device, connect pipelines, and ensure smooth transmission of linkage components.

[0013] S2: Pre-dust removal: Start the cyclone dust collector to remove fly ash containing heavy metals and store it in a sealed container.

[0014] S3: Initial deacidification and cooling: Start the deacidification and cooling tower, spray powder for initial deacidification and cooling.

[0015] S4: Dry powder dust removal: Start the bag filter, clean the dust regularly, and remove dry powder impurities.

[0016] S5: Flow rate linkage adjustment: When flue gas enters the tower, the electric hydraulic rod adjusts the opening of the screen plate to control the flue gas flow rate, and synchronously links to adjust the water volume of the water inlet cylinder spray, achieving gas-liquid adaptive matching.

[0017] S6: Spray purification: The motor drives the transmission rod, which drives the water inlet pipe and the nozzle to spray alternately in both directions, deeply removing pollutants and providing continuous water supply.

[0018] S7: Vibration Demisting: The flue gas is filtered by the demisting plate, and the transmission rod strikes the vibrating demisting plate to accelerate the falling of water droplets and complete deep purification.

[0019] In summary, the present invention provides a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. By setting up adjustment components, the flue gas flow rate and spray water flow rate can be synchronously adjusted, which can keep the gas-liquid ratio at the optimal state, stabilize the acid removal efficiency under varying operating conditions, save alkali and water resources, optimize the flow field inside the tower, reduce the load on the demister, reduce equipment scaling and clogging, improve the system's adaptability and operational reliability, and reduce operating and maintenance costs.

[0020] 2. By setting up spray components, uniform and complete coverage of the spray liquid in the tower can be achieved, eliminating dead zones in acid removal, enhancing the cross-flow collision effect of gas and liquid, making the reaction between acidic gas and sprayed alkaline solution more complete, improving acid removal efficiency and alkaline solution utilization. At the same time, dynamic rotation can achieve a self-cleaning effect, reducing scale and blockage in nozzles and inside the tower, and reducing maintenance costs. Its low-speed and stable movement mode can reduce the generation of fine mist and reduce the load on the demister.

[0021] 3. By setting up a demister assembly, water vapor in the flue gas can be filtered. At the same time, when the water vapor in the flue gas is filtered, it can strike the demister plate. Therefore, the liquid film on the surface of the demister plate can be broken by the strike, so that the droplets fall quickly along the demister plate, thereby reducing the residence time of the liquid film and effectively reducing the maintenance frequency and downtime costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tower body and related parts of a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sieve plate and related parts of a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating plate and related parts of a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to the present invention, including the water inlet pipe and related parts. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the motor and related parts of a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the demister plate and related parts of a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to the present invention. Figure 8 This invention relates to a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration. Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped strip and related parts of a flue gas purification device and method for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Cyclone dust collector; 2. Deacidification and cooling tower; 3. Bag filter; 4. Tower body; 5. Adjustment components; 501. Screening plate; 502. Support rod; 503. Adjustment block; 504. Electro-hydraulic rod; 505. Connecting bar; 506. Drive tube; 507. Drive rod; 508. Round rod; 509. Rotating plate; 510. Leak-proof plate; 6. Sprinkler assembly; 601. Water inlet cylinder; 602. Water inlet frame; 603. Water inlet pipe; 604. Sprinkler head; 605. Motor; 606. First bevel gear; 607. Second bevel gear; 608. Third bevel gear; 609. Transmission rod; 7. Defogging assembly; 701. Defogging plate; 702. Rotating rod; 703. Spring telescopic rod; 704. Striking rod; 705. Baffle; 8. Collection plate; 9. Gas collection plate; 10. Sealing strip; 11. Connecting rod; 12. Arc strip; 13. Inclined plate; 14. Stirring rod. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution comprising: a tower body 4, a cyclone dust collector 1 for removing dust from inside the flue gas, a deacidification and desuperheating tower 2 for initially removing acidity from inside the flue gas, and a bag filter 3 for removing dry powder and dust. The tower body 4 is internally equipped with an adjustment component 5, which can simultaneously control the flow rate of the flue gas and the flow rate of the spray water. The tower body 4 is internally equipped with a spray component 6, which can spray water. The tower body 4 is internally equipped with a demisting component 7, which can remove water vapor from the flue gas. The regulating component 5 includes a sieve plate 501, which is detachably connected to the inner wall of the tower body 4. The sieve plate 501 has multiple holes to facilitate the uniform rise of flue gas. A support rod 502 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the tower body 4. The support rod 502 can slide on the inner wall of the tower body 4. An adjusting block 503 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod 502. The adjusting block 503 is conical and can be fixed by the support rod 502. The number of adjusting blocks 503 is the same as the number of holes on the sieve plate 501. An electric hydraulic rod 504 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tower body 4. An electric hydraulic rod 504 can be installed. A connecting strip 505 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric hydraulic rod 504. The electric hydraulic rod 504 can drive the connecting strip 505, which can move the support rod 502 up and down, thereby driving the adjusting block 503 up and down to control the flow of flue gas. One end of the connecting strip 505 that passes through the outer wall of the tower body 4 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support rod 502. A leak-proof plate 510 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting strip 505. The leak-proof plate 510 can seal the sliding connection between the connecting strip 505 and the tower body 4. The leak-proof plate 510 is slidably connected to the groove provided on the tower body 4.

[0026] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the spray assembly 6 includes a water inlet cylinder 601, which can transmit spray water. A water inlet frame 602 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tower body 4, which can initially transmit spray water. A water inlet pipe 603 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water inlet frame 602, which can transmit spray water into the water inlet pipe 603. A nozzle 604 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water inlet pipe 603, allowing the spray water transmitted through the water inlet pipe 603 to be sprayed onto the flue gas. One end of the water inlet cylinder 601 penetrates the tower body 4 and is connected to the water inlet frame 602. A motor 605 is detachably connected to the top of the tower body 4, allowing the motor 605 to be installed. The shaft of the motor 605 is rotatably connected to a first bevel gear 60. 6. Only a portion of the teeth are provided on the first bevel gear 606. The motor 605 can rotate the first bevel gear 606. A transmission rod 609 is rotatably connected to the tower body 4. A second bevel gear 607 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod 609. The transmission rod 609 can mount the second bevel gear 607. A third bevel gear 608 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod 609. The transmission rod 609 can mount the third bevel gear 608. The use of the transmission rod 609 can drive the second bevel gear 607 and the third bevel gear 608 to rotate. In this way, the second bevel gear 607 and the third bevel gear 608 drive the transmission rod 609 to rotate in both directions. The outer wall of one end of the transmission rod 609 located inside the tower body 4 is detachably connected to the water inlet pipe 603.

[0027] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the top of the telescopic end of the electric hydraulic rod 504 is fixedly connected to a drive pipe 506 via a connecting rod. The drive pipe 506 is provided with two sliding grooves. A rotating plate 509 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the water inlet cylinder 601. The rotating plate 509 can close and open the water inlet cylinder 601. A round rod 508 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating plate 509 that passes through the water inlet cylinder 601. The round rod 508 can realize the rotation of the rotating plate 509, thereby controlling the flow rate through the rotating plate 509. A drive rod 507 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the round rod 508. The drive rod 507 fits into the sliding groove provided on the drive pipe 506. The drive rod 507 can slide in the sliding groove on the drive pipe 506. Therefore, the movement of the drive pipe 506 can drive the drive rod 507 to rotate, thereby controlling the rotating plate 509.

[0028] like Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the demisting assembly 7 includes a demisting plate 701, which filters water vapor in the flue gas. Four spring-loaded telescopic rods 703 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body 4. The telescopic ends of the spring-loaded rods 703 are detachably connected to the bottom of the demisting plate 701, allowing the demisting plate 701 to move up and down. A striking rod 704 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tower body 4 via a torsion spring, allowing the striking rod 704 to rotate. A baffle 705 is fixedly connected to the top of the demisting plate 701, which can deflect the striking rod. The rod 704 acts as a block, and a rotating rod 702 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating plate 509. Two rotating rods 702 are provided, and the transmission rod 609 can realize the rotation of the rotating rod 702. The rotation of the rotating rod 702 can squeeze the striking rod 704, so that the striking rod 704 can quickly return to its original position after being squeezed. In this way, the striking rod 704 vibrates the baffle 705, which in turn causes the demister plate 701 to vibrate, thereby causing the liquid film on the surface of the demister plate 701 to break. This allows the droplets to fall quickly along the demister plate 701, thereby reducing the residence time of the liquid film and effectively reducing the maintenance frequency and downtime costs.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, a collection plate 8 is detachably connected to the inner wall of the tower body 4. The collection plate 8 is semi-circular and has multiple holes. The multiple holes in the collection plate 8 facilitate the uniform flow of flue gas. A ring is fixedly connected to the collection plate 8 through the holes. The ring on the collection plate 8 can prevent water vapor from dripping and clogging the holes, thus avoiding the use of the collection plate 8.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, a gas collecting plate 9 is detachably connected to the inner wall of the tower body 4. The gas collecting plate 9 is funnel-shaped, with the bottom of the gas collecting plate 9 being larger than the top. The top of the gas collecting plate 9 is fixedly connected to the air outlet provided in the tower body 4. The use of the gas collecting plate 9 can quickly collect the flue gas, thereby preventing the flue gas from accumulating inside the tower body 4 and thus avoiding affecting the use of the internal parts of the tower body 4.

[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, a sealing strip 10 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body 4. Two sealing strips 10 are provided. The outer wall of the sealing strip 10 fits against the outer wall of the water inlet frame 602. The sealing strip 10 can seal the connection between the water inlet frame 602 and the tower body 4, thereby preventing the spray water from flowing out through the connection between the water inlet frame 602 and the tower body 4, and thus preventing the loss of spray water. The side of the sealing strip 10 away from the water inlet frame 602 is set as an inclined surface. The inclined surface can facilitate the dripping of water vapor, thereby preventing water vapor from corroding the water inlet frame 602.

[0032] like Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, a connecting rod 11 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod 609. There are four connecting rods 11, and an arc-shaped strip 12 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting rod 11. Each connecting rod 11 is equipped with an arc-shaped strip 12. The outer wall of the arc-shaped strip 12 fits against the inner wall of the tower body 4. The use of the arc-shaped strip 12 can clean the impurities adhering to the bottom inner wall of the tower body 4, thereby avoiding damage to the inner wall of the tower body 4 caused by the impurities adhering to the inner wall of the tower body 4, and thus extending the service life of the tower body 4.

[0033] like Figure 9 As shown, an inclined plate 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the tower body 4. The top of the inclined plate 13 is set as an inclined surface, which can gather the spray water to the outlet. The bottom of the transmission rod 609 is rotatably connected to an agitator 14. The outer wall of the agitator 14 is in contact with the top of the inclined plate 13. Two agitators 14 are provided. The two agitators 14 can filter the spray water. At the same time, the agitators 14 can agitate the used spray water to prevent impurities and salts from depositing at the bottom of the tower body 4.

[0034] A method for purifying flue gas to reduce fly ash from waste incineration includes the following steps: S1: Equipment installation and commissioning: Install the pre-dust removal device, deacidification cooling tower 2, bag filter 3, and wet deacidification tower to the designated locations, connect the flue gas pipeline, spray water pipeline and wastewater discharge pipeline, and ensure that all mechanical linkage components are smoothly transmitted.

[0035] S2: Start the pre-dust removal device: Start the pre-dust removal device to remove high-heavy metal fly ash from the flue gas, and regularly clean the fly ash in the ash hopper and store it separately in a sealed container.

[0036] S3: Start the deacidification and cooling tower 2: Start the deacidification and cooling tower 2, spray powder to initially remove acidic gases from the flue gas and reduce the flue gas temperature.

[0037] S4: Start bag filter 3: Start bag filter 3, pulse cleaning once every two hours, collect fly ash separately and seal it for storage, remove dry powder impurities in flue gas.

[0038] S5: Wet desulfurization tower flow linkage regulation: When flue gas enters the wet desulfurization tower, the flow rate is monitored by the detection device. The electric hydraulic rod 504 is activated to drive the connecting bar 505 and the support rod 502 to move, which drives the adjusting block 503 to adjust the opening of the screen plate 501 to control the flue gas flow rate. At the same time, the electric hydraulic rod 504 drives the drive pipe 506 to move, which drives the round rod 508 and the rotating plate 509 to rotate through the drive rod 507, thereby adjusting the spray water flow rate in the water inlet cylinder 601 to achieve adaptive matching of gas and liquid flow rates.

[0039] S6: Wet deacidification tower spray purification: The starting motor 605 drives the first bevel gear 606 to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission rod 609 to rotate through the second bevel gear 607 and the third bevel gear 608, thereby driving the water inlet pipe 603 and the spray nozzle 604 to rotate alternately in both directions to spray water mist, removing acidic gases, impurities and salts from the flue gas; the rotation of the water inlet pipe 603 synchronously drives the water inlet frame 602 to operate, realizing continuous delivery of spray water.

[0040] S7: Demister Vibration Dehydration: When the flue gas passes through the demister plate 701 to filter water vapor, the rotation of the transmission rod 609 drives the rotating rod 702 to rotate, and the linkage striking rod 704 flips and strikes the baffle 705, causing the demister plate 701 to vibrate, accelerating the falling of water droplets, improving the demisting efficiency, and completing the deep purification of the flue gas.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration, comprising a tower body (4), a cyclone dust collector (1) for removing dust from the inside of the flue gas, a deacidification and desuperheating tower (2) for initially removing acidity from the inside of the flue gas, and a bag filter (3) for removing dry powder and dust, characterized in that: An adjustment component (5) is provided inside the tower body (4), a spray component (6) is provided inside the tower body (4), and a demisting component (7) is provided inside the tower body (4). The adjusting component (5) includes a sieve plate (501), which is detachably connected to the inner wall of the tower body (4). The sieve plate (501) has multiple holes. The inner wall of the tower body (4) is slidably connected to a support rod (502). The bottom of the support rod (502) is fixedly connected to an adjusting block (503). The outer wall of the tower body (4) is fixedly connected to an electric hydraulic rod (504). The telescopic end of the electric hydraulic rod (504) is fixedly connected to a connecting strip (505). One end of the connecting strip (505) that passes through the outer wall of the tower body (4) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support rod (502). The outer wall of the connecting strip (505) is fixedly connected to a leak-proof plate (510). The leak-proof plate (510) is slidably connected to a groove provided on the tower body (4).

2. The flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray assembly (6) includes a water inlet cylinder (601), a water inlet frame (602) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tower body (4), a water inlet pipe (603) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water inlet frame (602), a nozzle (604) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water inlet pipe (603), one end of the water inlet cylinder (601) passing through the tower body (4) is connected to the water inlet frame (602), a motor (605) is detachably connected to the top of the tower body (4), a first bevel gear (606) is rotatably connected to the shaft of the motor (605), a transmission rod (609) is rotatably connected to the tower body (4), a second bevel gear (607) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod (609), a third bevel gear (608) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod (609) located inside the tower body (4), and the outer wall of the transmission rod (609) is detachably connected to the water inlet pipe (603).

3. The flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the telescopic end of the electric hydraulic rod (504) is fixedly connected to a drive tube (506) via a connecting rod. A rotating plate (509) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the water inlet cylinder (601). A round rod (508) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating plate (509) that passes through the water inlet cylinder (601). A drive rod (507) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the round rod (508). The drive rod (507) fits into the groove provided on the drive tube (506).

4. The flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 3, characterized in that: The defogging assembly (7) includes a defogging plate (701), a spring telescopic rod (703) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body (4), the telescopic end of the spring telescopic rod (703) is detachably connected to the bottom of the defogging plate (701), a striking rod (704) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tower body (4) through a torsion spring, a baffle (705) is fixedly connected to the top of the defogging plate (701), and a rotating rod (702) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating plate (509).

5. The flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the tower body (4) is detachably connected to a collection plate (8), which has multiple holes. The collection plate (8) is fixedly connected to a ring through the holes.

6. The flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the tower body (4) is detachably connected to a gas collecting plate (9), and the top of the gas collecting plate (9) is fixedly connected to the gas outlet hole provided in the tower body (4).

7. The flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sealing strip (10) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body (4). The outer wall of the sealing strip (10) is in contact with the outer wall of the water inlet frame (602). The side of the sealing strip (10) away from the water inlet frame (602) is set as an inclined surface.

8. The flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connecting rod (11) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod (609), and an arc-shaped strip (12) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting rod (11). The outer wall of the arc-shaped strip (12) is in contact with the inner wall of the tower body (4).

9. The flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 2, characterized in that: An inclined plate (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the tower body (4), and a stirring rod (14) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the transmission rod (609). The outer wall of the stirring rod (14) is in contact with the top of the inclined plate (13).

10. A method for purifying flue gas to reduce fly ash from waste incineration, applied to the flue gas purification device for reducing fly ash from waste incineration as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Installation and commissioning: Position and install each device, connect pipelines, and ensure smooth transmission of linkage components; S2: Pre-dust removal: Start the cyclone dust collector (1) to remove high-heavy-metal fly ash and seal it for storage; S3: Initial deacidification and cooling: Start the deacidification and cooling tower (2) and spray powder for initial deacidification and cooling; S4: Dry powder dust removal: Start the bag filter (3), clean the dust regularly, and remove dry powder impurities; S5: Flow linkage regulation: When flue gas enters the tower, the electric hydraulic rod (504) adjusts the opening of the screen plate (501) to control the flue gas flow, and synchronously links to adjust the spray water volume of the water inlet cylinder (601), with gas-liquid adaptive matching. S6: Spray purification: The motor (605) drives the transmission rod (609), which drives the water inlet pipe (603) and the nozzle (604) to spray alternately in both directions, deeply removing pollutants and continuously supplying water; S7: Vibration Demisting: The flue gas is filtered by the demisting plate (701), and the transmission rod (609) strikes the structure vibrating demisting plate (701) in conjunction, accelerating the water droplets to fall and completing deep purification.

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