Production equipment and process for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of multifunctional agricultural fertilizer physical blending equipment technology, and discloses a production equipment and process for low-temperature fermentation microbial agent carbon-based fertilizer, including: a mixing tank, which has a top premixing chamber, a central main mixing chamber, a homogenization chamber and an anti-segregation chamber arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the mixing tank, and the inner wall of the mixing tank is provided with a temperature control layer; a material supply system, which consists of a premix supply unit, a main mixing supply unit and a microbial agent supply unit. This equipment solves the problem of mutual interference between materials with different physical properties (granules, powders, liquids, and active bacteria) during the mixing process by adopting a segmented mixing process (premixing, main mixing, homogenization, and microbial agent addition) to avoid the damage of microbial agents to high temperature and high salt environment, and truly realizes the orderly, low-loss and high-uniformity integration of functional components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of multifunctional agricultural fertilizer physical blending equipment technology, specifically to a production equipment and process for low-temperature fermentation microbial agent carbon-based fertilizer. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization of green agricultural development and precision fertilization concepts, the market demand for four-component compound fertilizers that integrate "humic acid to improve soil, biochar to fix carbon and retain fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to provide fast-acting nutrients, and microbial agents to promote absorption" is growing rapidly. However, current production technology is still in a crude mode of multiple equipment connected in series and operating in steps. It usually requires processes such as blending two finished products and offline addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microbial agents, relying on 3 to 4 sets of independent equipment. The production cycle of a single batch is as long as 80 minutes or more, resulting in problems such as high equipment investment, large land area, and low production efficiency.

[0003] At the technical implementation level, existing blending equipment is ill-suited to the diverse physical forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—such as granular urea, crystalline potassium sulfate, and powdered potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Traditional feeding devices have a single structure and cannot be optimized for different forms, resulting in a high breakage rate (≥15%) of granular materials during transportation, and powdered materials are prone to adhesion, agglomeration, and bridging, causing uneven nutrient distribution in certain areas. The coefficient of variation (CV) of mixing uniformity generally exceeds 18%, far exceeding the requirement of CV≤10% in the national standard GB / T 21633-2020.

[0004] Meanwhile, microbial inoculants, as core functional components, exhibit significant temperature, humidity, and salt sensitivity. Currently, most processes directly add them to high-temperature mixed environments (often exceeding 40℃ or even 50℃), leading to damage to the bacterial cell membranes and a sharp decline in survival rates. Furthermore, direct contact with high concentrations of inorganic salts causes osmotic pressure imbalance, further weakening their activity. In addition, the lack of necessary activation pretreatment means that the inoculants require 7 to 10 days to gradually activate after application to the soil, resulting in slow effectiveness and severely impacting practical application results.

[0005] In terms of production management, existing equipment generally lacks automated control and online monitoring capabilities. Formula adjustments rely on manual intervention, and switching between different nutrient ratios required by different crops (such as leafy vegetables, fruit trees, and field crops) takes more than 40 minutes, resulting in poor flexibility. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content detection relies on laboratory sampling and analysis, which takes about 30 minutes, while the determination of microbial agent survival rate requires 24 hours of incubation. The data is severely delayed, making it impossible to achieve process feedback and adjustment, resulting in large fluctuations in finished product quality and a failure rate of over 12%. Overall, a synergistic blending logic of "morphological adaptation—temperature control—salt isolation—dynamic regulation" has not yet been established, and the four components interfere with each other, making it difficult to balance mixing uniformity and maintenance of biological activity. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer, comprising:

[0008] The mixing tank has, from top to bottom, a top premixing chamber, a central main mixing chamber, a homogenization chamber, and an anti-segregation chamber. The inner wall of the mixing tank is provided with a temperature control layer.

[0009] The material supply system consists of a premix supply unit, a main mix supply unit, and a microbial agent supply unit.

[0010] The premixed feed supply unit includes a humic acid supply module and a biomass carbon dual-path supply module, wherein:

[0011] The humic acid feeding module is configured to achieve continuous and stable conveying via a twin-helix frequency converter.

[0012] The biomass carbon dual-path feeding module is configured to select either the first frequency-converter belt scale or the single screw feeder based on the material form.

[0013] The main mixing and supply unit includes a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path supply module, which is configured to switch the conveying path according to the material form and convey the material quantitatively through a second frequency-converted belt scale or frequency-converted screw feeder.

[0014] The microbial agent supply unit includes a low-temperature activation and addition module for microbial agents, which uses a magnetic stirrer built into a constant-temperature activation chamber and injects the agent into the anti-stratification chamber through an airflow atomizing nozzle group.

[0015] The material mixing unit consists of a premixing mixing component, a main mixing mixing component, and a microbial agent mixing component.

[0016] The sensing and monitoring unit integrates an infrared spectroscopy sensor, an ATP fluorescence detector, a moisture content sensor, a mixing uniformity detector, a laser particle size analyzer, and a conductivity sensor.

[0017] The PLC controller communicates with all the aforementioned sensors and actuators to form a closed-loop linkage control system.

[0018] The homogenization chamber is equipped with a low-pressure airflow supply module, which eliminates stratification through an annular airflow pipe. The anti-stratification chamber is equipped with a microcapsule protection component, which achieves synchronous atomization of the bacterial agent and the protective agent through a hollow mixing shaft.

[0019] According to the above technical solution, the top premixed bin and the central main mixing bin are connected by circumferentially distributed adjustable flow ports, the adjustable flow ports including:

[0020] The variable diameter flow port consists of an inverted conical flow section and a straight cylindrical flow section. The inverted conical flow section extends upward into the top premixing bin, and the straight cylindrical flow section extends downward into the central main mixing bin.

[0021] The flow adjustment component is located at the center of the variable diameter flow port and includes:

[0022] The flow regulating plate is movably embedded in the sliding groove on the side wall of the variable diameter flow port and moves radially to adjust the flow cross-sectional area.

[0023] The first servo motor is fixedly installed on the mounting base on the outer wall of the mixing tank. Its output end is connected to a rotating output shaft, which extends into a sliding groove and is threadedly connected to a flow regulating plate to drive its reciprocating motion to achieve precise control of the material flow rate.

[0024] According to the above technical solution, the humic acid supply module includes:

[0025] The first storage silo has an outer wall inlaid with a heat-insulating and heating layer to prevent moisture absorption and clumping.

[0026] The first sealed buffer silo has its inlet end connected to the outlet of the first storage silo and its outlet end connected to the top premix silo, and is equipped with a first flow sensor.

[0027] The twin-helix frequency converter is located inside the first sealed buffer silo. Its spiral blades are equipped with silicone scrapers on the outer wall to effectively remove adhering materials, reduce residue, and ensure continuous feeding and metering accuracy.

[0028] According to the above technical solution, the biomass carbon dual-path feeding module includes:

[0029] The second storage silo has a biomass carbon pellet outlet and a biomass carbon powder outlet at the bottom, which are connected to the top premix silo through the second sealed buffer silo and the third sealed buffer silo, respectively.

[0030] The first frequency-converting belt scale is installed inside the second sealed buffer silo, and a first weight sensor is configured at the bottom.

[0031] The single spiral feeder is located in the third sealed buffer silo, and a second flow sensor is provided at the discharge end.

[0032] The second storage silo is equipped with a first separating discharge mechanism at the bottom and a first vibrator on the outer wall;

[0033] The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium dual-path feeding module includes:

[0034] The third storage silo has nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium granule outlets and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium powder outlets at the bottom, which are connected to the central main mixing silo through the fourth and fifth sealed buffer silos, respectively.

[0035] The second variable frequency belt scale is installed inside the fourth sealed buffer silo, and a second weight sensor is installed at the bottom;

[0036] The variable frequency screw feeder is located in the fifth sealed buffer silo, and a third flow sensor is provided at the discharge end;

[0037] The bottom of the third storage silo is equipped with a second separating discharge mechanism, and the outer wall is equipped with a second vibrator;

[0038] The first and second separating discharge mechanisms have the same structure, both including:

[0039] The isolation seat has a through screening port on the edge and is equipped with a double-layer screening component inside, which can automatically switch channels according to the material form.

[0040] The outlet control and adjustment component connects the through-screening port and the corresponding discharge port.

[0041] According to the above technical solution, the double-layer screening component includes:

[0042] An arc-shaped moving plate is coaxially and movably installed in the isolation seat, with screening screens evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the mesh size increases linearly along the rotation direction.

[0043] An arc-shaped control base is fixed to the outer wall of the mixing tank, and is hollow inside with a sliding block installed thereon;

[0044] The sliding block and the arc-shaped moving plate are connected by a non-contact transmission mechanism, which consists of a first magnet fixed to the outer wall of the arc-shaped moving plate and a second magnet fixed to the inner wall of the sliding block. The two magnets attract each other to achieve power transmission.

[0045] The second servo motor is installed on the top of the sliding block, and the output end is connected to a gear. The gear meshes with the arc rack on the top of the arc control seat, driving the sliding block to rotate the arc moving plate and realize the switching of screening sections.

[0046] The export control adjustment component includes:

[0047] The third servo motor is fixed at the center of the bottom of the isolation seat;

[0048] The outlet channel adjustment seat is fixed to the output end of the third servo motor. It is equipped with a first flow channel and a second flow channel, which are respectively connected to the through screening port and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium granule outlet and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium powder outlet.

[0049] The connection status of the two channels is adjusted by rotating a third servo motor, thereby achieving fully automatic switching of the material path.

[0050] According to the above technical solution, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module also includes an airflow auxiliary component set at the end of the variable frequency screw feeder, which has the same structure as the low-pressure airflow supply module.

[0051] The low-pressure airflow supply module includes:

[0052] An annular airflow pipe is fixedly installed outside the homogenization chamber;

[0053] The circumferential air blowing pipe is evenly distributed around the annular airflow pipe. One end is connected to the annular airflow pipe, and the other end extends obliquely into the homogenization chamber and points towards the discharge direction of the central main mixing chamber, promoting material flow and homogenization.

[0054] An air compressor is connected to an annular airflow pipe via an air delivery pipe.

[0055] The heating cylinder is located on the air delivery pipe and has heating plates evenly distributed inside to preheat the compressed air and prevent cold air from causing high-moisture materials to clump and condense.

[0056] According to the above technical solution, the low-temperature activation and addition module for microbial agents includes:

[0057] The constant temperature activation chamber is equipped with a spiral heating coil on the side wall to maintain the activation temperature range.

[0058] A magnetic stirrer is placed in the center of the constant temperature activation chamber to promote the uniform activation of the bacterial community.

[0059] The microbial agent delivery pipe extends into the bottom of the constant temperature activation chamber at one end and extends to the anti-delamination chamber at the other end, with the end connected to the microbial agent delivery ring.

[0060] The airflow atomizing nozzle group consists of multiple first inclined atomizing nozzles evenly distributed around the circumference of the agent delivery ring, achieving multi-point atomizing spraying;

[0061] Anti-caking agent storage silo, fixed to the side wall of the mixing tank;

[0062] The anti-caking agent delivery pipe is connected to the bottom of the anti-caking agent storage silo at one end and to the anti-delamination silo at the other end, which is equipped with a second inclined atomizing nozzle for simultaneous application of the anti-caking coating agent to improve the storage stability of the finished product.

[0063] According to the above technical solution, the microbial agent low-temperature activation and addition module also includes a microcapsule protection component, which is used to encapsulate the bacteria to improve their survival rate in a high-temperature mixed environment;

[0064] The microcapsule protection component includes:

[0065] The microcapsule solution storage chamber is fixed to the side wall of the constant temperature activation chamber by a fixing frame;

[0066] A microcapsule solution mixing cylinder is located on the bacterial agent delivery pipe and is connected to the microcapsule solution storage tank through a branch pipe. A delivery pump is installed on the branch pipe.

[0067] The rotary mixing assembly is located inside the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder and includes:

[0068] The fourth servo motor is installed at the top of the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder;

[0069] A hollow mixing shaft passes through the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder and is connected to the output end of the fourth servo motor. Hollow mixing rods are evenly distributed on the side wall, and a discharge port is provided at the end.

[0070] A rotary joint is located between the top of the hollow mixing shaft and the branch pipe to achieve dynamic liquid introduction and synchronous operation of shaft rotation.

[0071] According to the above technical solution, the premixed material mixing assembly includes:

[0072] The fifth servo motor is fixed to the top of the mixing tank;

[0073] The premixing shaft is vertically positioned at the center of the top premixing chamber and connected to the output of the fifth servo motor.

[0074] Multiple sets of mixing blades are evenly distributed along the axial direction and set at an angle to achieve rapid preliminary mixing;

[0075] The microbial agent mixing assembly is located at the end of the premixing stirring shaft and includes:

[0076] An extension shaft is connected to the end of the premixing shaft via an electromagnetic clutch;

[0077] The microbial agent stirring shaft is evenly distributed circumferentially on the side wall of the extended shaft and is located in the anti-stratification chamber;

[0078] The spiral propulsion plate is fixedly sleeved on the extension shaft and located between the central main mixing chamber, homogenization chamber and anti-segregation chamber to realize material propulsion;

[0079] The main mixing and stirring assembly is disposed at the top of the mixing tank, including;

[0080] The sixth servo motor is fixed to the top of the mixing tank;

[0081] A pair of main mixing shafts are mirror-symmetrically arranged in the central main mixing chamber, each fixedly fitted with helical blades rotating in opposite directions;

[0082] One side of the main mixing shaft is connected to the sixth servo motor;

[0083] The belt drive assembly is located between the two main mixing shafts and includes a pair of first drive gears, a second drive gear, a third drive gear, and a belt;

[0084] The first transmission gear is fixed to the end of the main mixing shaft, the second transmission gear is fixedly installed at the output end of the sixth servo motor, and the third transmission gear is movably installed on the top of the mixing tank and located on the other side of the second transmission gear. The pair of first transmission gears, second transmission gears and third transmission gears are synchronously driven by belts, so that the two main mixing shafts can rotate synchronously in opposite directions, forming a bidirectional convection mixing effect.

[0085] A production process for a low-temperature fermentation agent carbon-based fertilizer production equipment includes the following steps:

[0086] S1. Raw material preparation and classification

[0087] Humic acid, biomass carbon granules, biomass carbon powder, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, microbial inoculants, microcapsule protective liquid and anti-caking coating agent are respectively put into the corresponding storage bins. The physical state of each material is determined by the material morphology recognition system, and the corresponding conveying path is automatically matched to provide a control basis for subsequent sub-path material supply.

[0088] S2, Premix supply and initial mixing

[0089] Start the humic acid feeding module and the biomass carbon dual-path feeding module, and feed the material to the top premix bin through the double-helix frequency conversion feeder and the first frequency conversion belt scale or the single-helix feeder.

[0090] The premixing assembly shears and tumbles the materials to form a primary mixture;

[0091] The PLC controller receives feedback signals from the moisture content sensor and dynamically adjusts the feeding rate and stirring frequency.

[0092] S3, Main Mixing Material Supply and Main Mixing

[0093] The primary mixture enters the central main mixing silo, while the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module adds the central main mixing silo quantitatively through the second variable frequency belt scale or variable frequency screw feeder.

[0094] Under the action of the main mixing and stirring component, the materials rotate synchronously in opposite directions, generating a bidirectional convection mixing effect;

[0095] The PLC controller combines signals from infrared spectroscopy sensors, mixing uniformity detectors, and conductivity sensors to adjust the mixing intensity and feeding rhythm in real time.

[0096] S4, homogenization treatment and airflow assistance

[0097] The mixed material flows into the homogenization silo, and the low-pressure air supply module is activated, introducing low-pressure hot air through the annular airflow pipe to disturb the material interface and prevent stratification.

[0098] S5. Low-temperature activation and microencapsulation of bacterial agents, along with simultaneous atomization and mixing.

[0099] The microbial agent is activated by low-speed stirring in the low-temperature activation addition module.

[0100] The microcapsule protective solution is atomized by the hollow mixing shaft of the microcapsule protective component and mixed with the bacterial agent to form microcapsules;

[0101] The activated microbial agent is sprayed into the anti-delamination chamber through the microbial agent supply unit, and the composite coating is completed in the atomized state.

[0102] S6, Final Mixing and Quality Monitoring

[0103] The materials undergo a final co-mixing process in the anti-segregation chamber, and the number of active bacteria is detected online by an ATP fluorescence detector, while the particle size distribution is monitored by a laser particle size analyzer.

[0104] If the test results do not meet the preset standards, the PLC controller triggers the remixing mechanism, which transports the unqualified materials separately and then sends a portion of the materials back to the central main mixing silo for reprocessing.

[0105] S7. Discharge and Packaging

[0106] Qualified materials are discharged from the bottom of the anti-delamination compartment and enter the downstream automatic packaging system to complete weighing, packaging and palletizing operations. Key parameters of the entire production process are collected by the PLC controller and uploaded to the data management system to achieve full traceability.

[0107] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0108] (1) This equipment solves the problem of mutual interference between materials with different physical properties (particles, powders, liquids, and active bacteria) during the mixing process by adopting a process layout of "dual-product feeding of humic acid and biomass carbon, dual-path feeding of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different forms, and low-temperature addition of microbial agents". The segmented mixing process (premixing, main mixing, homogenization, and addition of microbial agents) avoids the damage of microbial agents to high temperature and high salt environment, and truly realizes the orderly, low-loss and high-uniformity integration of functional components.

[0109] (2) This equipment achieves the separate storage and independent transportation of granular and powdered materials by setting up a biomass carbon dual-path feeding module and a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module. This design effectively avoids the cross-interference and uneven mixing of raw materials of different physical forms during the feeding process, improves the batching accuracy and system adaptability, and is especially suitable for the flexible production needs of various types of biochar-based fertilizers.

[0110] (3) The double-layer screening component and the outlet control and adjustment component work together to automatically switch the discharge channel according to the particle size of the material. It adopts magnetic coupling drive and servo motor precision positioning technology to realize contactless power transmission and intelligent path selection, which not only enhances the sealing of the equipment, but also reduces mechanical wear and maintenance costs, and improves the automation level and operational stability of the feeding system.

[0111] (4) The low-temperature activation and addition module for microbial agents integrates constant temperature control, magnetic stirring and airflow atomization spraying, providing a suitable activation environment for functional strains. By adding the microbial agent at a low temperature in the back end, the high-temperature mixing zone is avoided, which maximizes the protection of microbial activity and ensures that high-survival-rate bacteria are evenly distributed in the final product, significantly improving the bioefficacy and field application effect of the fertilizer.

[0112] (5) The microcapsule protection component can perform in-situ encapsulation during the delivery of the bacterial agent, and form a uniform microcapsule structure by using rotational mixing and dynamic spraying technology. This technology effectively isolates the effects of heat, oxygen and mechanical shear, greatly improves the tolerance of the bacteria in subsequent processing and storage, extends the product shelf life, and enhances market competitiveness.

[0113] (6) The premixing assembly adopts multiple sets of inclined stirring blades, which achieve rapid preliminary mixing under the drive of the fifth servo motor, preventing raw material stratification and accumulation, significantly shortening the premixing time, and improving production efficiency. Its structure is simple and reliable, with moderate shearing, and is suitable for the initial homogenization of various complex material systems. The main mixing assembly adopts a dual-axis anti-directional synchronous rotation design, combined with spiral blades rotating in opposite directions and a belt drive system, to form a strong bidirectional convection mixing effect in the central main mixing chamber. This structure breaks the limitations of traditional unidirectional flow, realizes deep mixing without dead angles in the entire chamber, greatly improves the mixing uniformity and processing capacity, and is particularly suitable for large-capacity continuous production scenarios.

[0114] (7) The microbial agent mixing component integrates an electromagnetic clutch and an extension shaft structure to achieve on-demand start and stop control of microbial agent area stirring. Combined with a circumferentially distributed gentle stirring shaft and spiral propeller, it not only ensures the smooth downward movement of materials but also avoids damage to the microcapsule microbial agent, truly realizing "post-addition of functional components and gentle mixing", and fully ensuring the effectiveness of bioactive substances.

[0115] (8) Both the airflow auxiliary component and the low-pressure airflow supply module are equipped with a hot air system. By heating the compressed air and directional blowing, the powdery materials are effectively prevented from agglomerating and bridging at the end of the screw and in the homogenization chamber. The preheated airflow can also reduce the dew point difference, avoid the material from absorbing moisture and caking in high humidity environments, significantly improve the fluidity and feeding stability, and enhance the system's adaptability to complex climatic conditions.

[0116] (9) The overall equipment adopts a modular layout and intelligent control system. Each functional unit has a clear division of labor and works together efficiently, supporting fully automatic continuous operation. This not only reduces the intensity of manual intervention, but also improves production safety and environmental performance, meeting the comprehensive requirements of modern green fertilizer plants for high efficiency, energy saving, stability and intelligence, and has good prospects for promotion and application. Attached Figure Description

[0117] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0118] Figure 1 This is a first perspective view of the present invention;

[0119] Figure 2 This is a second perspective view of the present invention;

[0120] Figure 3 This is a third perspective view of the present invention;

[0121] Figure 4 This is a fourth perspective schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0122] Figure 5 This is a first partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0123] Figure 6 This is a second partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0124] Figure 7 This is a third partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0125] Figure 8 This is a fourth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0126] Figure 9 This is a fifth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0127] Figure 10 This is a sixth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0128] Figure 11 This is a third-dimensional schematic diagram of the seventh part of the present invention;

[0129] Figure 12 This is the eighth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0130] Figure 13 This is the present invention. Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0131] Figure 14 This is the present invention. Figure 10 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle;

[0132] Figure 15 This is the present invention. Figure 10 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle;

[0133] In the diagram: 1-Mixing tank, 11-Top premixing bin, 12-Central main mixing bin, 13-Homogeneous bin, 14-Anti-segregation bin, 2-Premixed material supply unit, 21-Humic acid supply module, 211-First storage bin, 212-Insulation and heating layer, 213-First sealed buffer bin, 214-First flow sensor, 215-Silicone scraper, 22-Biomass carbon dual-path supply module, 221-Second storage bin, 222-Biomass carbon pellet outlet, 223-Biomass carbon powder outlet, 224-Second sealed buffer bin, 225-Third sealed buffer bin, 226-First weight sensor, 227-Second flow sensor, 228-First separating discharge mechanism, 229-First vibrator, 23- Double-helix frequency conversion feeder, 24-first frequency conversion belt scale, 25-single-helix feeder, 3-main mixing supply unit, 31-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium dual-path feeding module, 311-third storage bin, 312-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium granule outlet, 313-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium powder outlet, 314-fourth sealed buffer bin, 315-fifth sealed buffer bin, 316-second weight sensor, 317-third flow sensor, 318-second separating discharge mechanism, 319-isolation seat, 320-through screening port, 321-double-layer screening assembly, 3211-arc moving plate, 3212-screening mesh, 3213-arc control seat, 3214-sliding block, 3215-first magnet, 3216-second magnet, 3217-the... Two servo motors, 3218-gear, 3219-arc rack, 322-outlet control adjustment assembly, 3221-third servo motor, 3222-outlet channel adjustment seat, 3223-first flow channel, 3224-second flow channel, 323-second vibrator, 32-second variable frequency belt scale, 33-variable frequency screw feeder, 34-airflow auxiliary assembly, 4-microbial agent supply unit, 41-microbial agent low-temperature activation addition module, 411-constant temperature activation chamber, 412-spiral heating coil, 413-magnetic stirrer, 414-microbial agent conveying pipe, 415-microbial agent conveying ring, 416-airflow atomizing nozzle assembly, 417-anti-caking agent storage bin, 418-anti-caking agent conveying pipe, 419-second inclined atomizing nozzle 5-Material mixing unit; 51-Premixed material stirring assembly; 511-Fifth servo motor; 512-Premixed stirring shaft; 513-Multiple sets of stirring plow blades; 52-Main mixing assembly; 521-Sixth servo motor; 522-Main mixing shaft; 523-Helical blade; 524-Belt drive assembly; 5241-First transmission gear; 5242-Second transmission gear; 5243-Third transmission gear; 5244-Belt; 53-Inoculant mixing assembly; 531-Extension shaft; 532-Electromagnetic clutch; 533-Inoculant stirring shaft; 534-Helical propeller; 6-Sensing and monitoring unit; 61-Infrared spectral sensor; 62-ATP fluorescence detector; 63-Moisture content sensor; 64-Mixing uniformity detector.65-Laser particle size analyzer, 66-Conductivity sensor, 7-PLC controller, 8-Low-pressure airflow supply module, 81-Annular airflow pipe, 82-Circumferential air blowing pipe, 83-Air compressor, 84-Air delivery pipe, 85-Heating cylinder, 9-Microcapsule protection component, 91-Fixing frame, 92-Microcapsule solution storage tank, 93-Microcapsule solution mixing cylinder, 94-Branch pipe, 95-Transfer pump, 96-Rotary mixing component, 961-Fourth servo motor, 962-Hollow mixing shaft, 963-Hollow mixing rod, 964-Discharge port, 965-Rotary joint, 10-Adjustable flow port, 101-Mounting base, 102-Adjustable flow port, 103-Inverted conical flow section, 104-Straight cylindrical flow section, 105-Flow adjustment component, 106-Flow regulating plate, 107-Sliding groove, 108-First servo motor, 109-Rotary output shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0134] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0135] Please see Figure 1-15 The present invention provides a technical solution: a production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer, comprising:

[0136] The mixing tank 1 has, from top to bottom, a top premixing chamber 11, a central main mixing chamber 12, a homogenization chamber 13 and an anti-segregation chamber 14. The inner wall of the mixing tank 1 is provided with a temperature control layer.

[0137] The material supply system consists of a premix supply unit 2, a main mix supply unit 3, and a microbial agent supply unit 4.

[0138] The premixed feed supply unit 2 includes a humic acid feeding module 21 and a biomass carbon dual-path feeding module 22, wherein:

[0139] The humic acid feeding module 21 is configured to achieve continuous and stable conveying through the twin-helix frequency conversion feeder 23;

[0140] The biomass carbon dual-path feeding module 22 is configured to select either the first frequency-converter belt scale 24 or the single screw feeder 25 based on the material form.

[0141] The main mixing and supply unit 3 includes a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path supply module 31, which is configured to switch the conveying path according to the material form and convey the material quantitatively through a second frequency-converted belt scale 32 or a frequency-converted screw feeder 33.

[0142] The microbial agent supply unit 4 includes a low-temperature activation and addition module 41 for microbial agents, which uses a constant temperature activation chamber 411 with a built-in magnetic stirrer 413 and injects the agent into the anti-stratification chamber 14 through an airflow atomizing nozzle group 416.

[0143] The material mixing unit 5 consists of a premixing stirring component 51, a main mixing stirring component 52, and a microbial agent mixing component 53.

[0144] The sensing and monitoring unit 6 integrates an infrared spectroscopy sensor 61, an ATP fluorescence detector 62, a moisture content sensor 63, a mixing uniformity detector 64, a laser particle size analyzer 65, and a conductivity sensor 66.

[0145] PLC controller 7 is a communication connection to all the aforementioned sensors and actuators, forming a closed-loop linkage control system.

[0146] The homogenization chamber 13 is equipped with a low-pressure airflow supply module 8, which eliminates stratification through an annular airflow pipe 81. The anti-stratification chamber 14 is equipped with a microcapsule protection component 9, which realizes the synchronous atomization of bacterial agent and protective agent through a hollow mixing shaft 962.

[0147] Specifically, the top premixing bin 11 and the central main mixing bin 12 are connected by circumferentially distributed adjustable flow ports 10, the adjustable flow ports 10 including:

[0148] The variable diameter flow port 102 is composed of an inverted conical flow section 103 and a straight cylindrical flow section 104. The inverted conical flow section 103 extends upward into the top premixing chamber 11, and the straight cylindrical flow section 104 extends downward into the central main mixing chamber 12.

[0149] The flow regulating component 105 is located at the center of the variable diameter flow port 102, and includes:

[0150] The flow regulating plate 106 is movably embedded in the sliding groove 107 on the side wall of the variable diameter flow port 102, and moves radially to adjust the flow cross-sectional area.

[0151] The first servo motor 108 is fixedly installed on the mounting base 101 on the outer wall of the mixing tank 1. Its output end is connected to the rotating output shaft 109. The rotating output shaft 109 extends into the sliding groove 107 and is threadedly connected to the flow regulating plate 106, driving it to reciprocate to achieve precise control of the discharge flow.

[0152] Material transfer is achieved between the top premixing bin 11 and the central main mixing bin 12 through circumferentially distributed adjustable flow ports 10. The purpose of this structure is to achieve a controllable connection between the two mixing areas, ensuring that the material can enter the next mixing stage in an orderly manner according to the process requirements. The adjustable flow ports 10 serve as a connection channel and are composed of variable diameter flow ports 102 and flow adjustment components 105. They have the function of adjusting the flow cross-sectional area, thereby achieving dynamic control of the feed flow rate.

[0153] The variable diameter flow port 102 is the main channel structure of the adjustable flow port 10, which is composed of an inverted conical flow section 103 and a straight cylindrical flow section 104. The inverted conical flow section 103 extends upward into the interior of the top premixing chamber 11. Its tapered shape helps to guide the premixed material to concentrate towards the center, reducing the accumulation and retention of material at the outlet, while improving the uniformity of material flow. The straight cylindrical flow section 104 extends downward into the central main mixing chamber 12, maintaining a constant cross-section, providing a stable transition path for the material, avoiding air resistance or bridging caused by abrupt changes in cross-section, and ensuring that the material flows continuously and stably into the main mixing area.

[0154] The flow regulating component 105 is located at the center of the variable diameter flow port 102 and is used to adjust the flow area of ​​the material in real time. The flow regulating plate 106 is movably embedded in the sliding groove 107 provided on the side wall of the variable diameter flow port 102 and can move back and forth in the radial direction. When the flow regulating plate 106 moves towards the center, the effective flow cross section decreases and the material flow is restricted; when it moves outward, the flow cross section increases and more material is allowed to pass through. This structure realizes the fine control of the material transfer rate and adapts to the mixing rhythm requirements under different formulations and working conditions.

[0155] The first servo motor 108 is fixedly mounted on the mounting base 101 on the outer wall of the mixing tank 1, and provides precise power output as a drive source. Its output end is connected to the rotating output shaft 109, which passes through the wall of the mixing tank 1 and extends into the sliding groove 107, and forms a threaded connection with the flow regulating plate 106. When the first servo motor 108 is started, the rotational motion of the rotating output shaft 109 is converted into the linear reciprocating motion of the flow regulating plate 106, thereby pushing it to move radially in the sliding groove 107, and completing the automatic adjustment of the opening of the variable diameter flow port 102.

[0156] During operation, the PLC controller 7 issues instructions based on the actual mixing state in the production process to control the working parameters of the first servo motor 108, thereby adjusting the position of the flow regulating plate 106 and realizing closed-loop management of the feeding flow. This structure not only improves the equipment's adaptability to various raw material ratios and mixing intensities, but also effectively avoids problems such as uneven mixing, blockage, or no-load operation caused by feeding too fast or too slow, thus improving the stability and intelligence level of the whole machine.

[0157] Specifically, the humic acid feeding module 21 includes:

[0158] The first storage bin 211 has an outer wall inlaid with a heat insulation and heating layer 212 to prevent moisture absorption and clumping.

[0159] The first sealed buffer silo 213 has its inlet end connected to the outlet of the first storage silo 211 and its outlet end connected to the top premix silo 11, and is equipped with a first flow sensor 214.

[0160] The double-helix variable frequency feeder 23 is located inside the first sealed buffer silo 213. Its spiral blades are equipped with silicone scraper blades 215 to effectively remove adhering materials, reduce residue, and ensure continuous feeding and metering accuracy.

[0161] The humic acid feeding module 21 is a key component of the premixed material supply unit 2. It is mainly used to achieve stable storage, moisture protection and precise continuous conveying of humic acid raw materials. The module consists of a first storage bin 211, a heat insulation and heating layer 212, a first sealed buffer bin 213, a first flow sensor 214 and a double-helix frequency conversion feeder 23. All components work together to ensure that the humic acid maintains good flowability and metering accuracy during the feeding process.

[0162] The first storage bin 211 is used to store humic acid raw materials. Its structural design meets the requirements of large-capacity storage and is connected to downstream equipment through the discharge port to achieve orderly material feeding. In order to prevent humic acid from absorbing moisture and clumping due to high ambient humidity, which would affect its flowability and feeding accuracy, a heat insulation and heating layer 212 is embedded in the outer wall of the first storage bin 211. This heat insulation and heating layer 212 can maintain a stable internal temperature of the bin and reduce the material caking caused by external moisture intrusion, thereby ensuring that the raw materials are always in a suitable conveying state.

[0163] The first sealed buffer silo 213 is located between the first storage silo 211 and the top premix silo 11. Its inlet end is connected to the outlet of the first storage silo 211, and its outlet end leads to the top premix silo 11, forming an intermediate transition feeding link. The first sealed buffer silo 213 adopts a sealed structure design, which effectively isolates the entry of external air and prevents the material from absorbing moisture or being contaminated again during the conveying process. At the same time, it plays a role in stabilizing the flow, making the feeding process more uniform and continuous.

[0164] A double-helix variable frequency feeder 23 is installed at the bottom of the first sealed buffer silo 213. As the core conveying device, it is responsible for stably pushing humic acid from the buffer silo to the top premix silo 11. The double-helix structure has strong conveying capacity and self-cleaning function, and can achieve high-efficiency feeding at low speed, reducing shear damage to the material. The feeder adopts variable frequency control, which can adjust the speed in real time according to production needs, thereby accurately controlling the feeding rate and adapting to the batching requirements under different formulas and working conditions.

[0165] To improve cleanliness and metering accuracy during the feeding process, the outer wall of the spiral blades of the double spiral frequency feeder 23 is equipped with a silicone scraper 215. The scraper slides close to the inner wall of the feeder during the spiral rotation, which can effectively remove the sticky material adhering to the inner wall, prevent material accumulation and residue, and avoid cross-contamination and blockage risks. The silicone material has good elasticity and wear resistance, which can ensure the scraping effect without damaging the inner surface of the equipment.

[0166] In addition, a first flow sensor 214 is provided on the first sealed buffer silo 213 to monitor the actual delivery of humic acid in real time. The sensor will feed back the collected flow signal to the PLC controller 7 to participate in the closed-loop control of the entire feeding system. When the feeding amount is detected to deviate from the set value, the system can automatically adjust the operating frequency of the double helix frequency converter 23 to achieve dynamic compensation and ensure feeding accuracy and mixing quality.

[0167] In summary, the humic acid feeding module 21 achieves moisture protection for raw materials through the cooperation of the first storage bin 211 and the heat insulation and heating layer 212, provides a stable feeding environment with the help of the first sealed buffer bin 213, and achieves continuous and low-residue conveying by the double-helix frequency converter 23 combined with the silicone scraper 215. The first flow sensor 214 completes real-time monitoring and feedback adjustment of the feeding amount. The entire structural design fully considers the physical characteristics of humic acid, which is easy to absorb moisture and adhere, effectively improving the stability, accuracy and automation level of the feeding process, and laying a reliable foundation for the subsequent mixing process.

[0168] Specifically, the biomass carbon dual-path feeding module 22 includes:

[0169] The second storage bin 221 has a biomass carbon pellet outlet 222 and a biomass carbon powder outlet 223 at the bottom, which are connected to the top premix bin 11 through the second sealed buffer bin 224 and the third sealed buffer bin 225, respectively.

[0170] The first variable frequency belt scale 24 is located inside the second sealed buffer silo 224, and the first weight sensor 226 is configured at the bottom.

[0171] The single spiral feeder 25 is located inside the third sealed buffer silo 225, and the discharge end is equipped with a second flow sensor 227.

[0172] The second storage bin 221 has a first separating discharge mechanism 228 at the bottom and a first vibrator 229 on the outer wall;

[0173] The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium dual-path feeding module 31 includes:

[0174] The third storage silo 311 is provided with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium granule outlet 312 and a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium powder outlet 313 at the bottom, which are connected to the central main mixing silo 12 through the fourth sealed buffer silo 314 and the fifth sealed buffer silo 315 respectively.

[0175] The second variable frequency belt scale 32 is located inside the fourth sealed buffer hopper 314, and the second weight sensor 316 is configured at the bottom;

[0176] The variable frequency screw feeder 33 is located in the fifth sealed buffer silo 315, and the discharge end is equipped with a third flow sensor 317.

[0177] The third storage bin 311 is provided with a second separating discharge mechanism 318 at the bottom and a second vibrator 323 on the outer wall;

[0178] The first separating discharge mechanism 228 and the second separating discharge mechanism 318 have the same structure, both including:

[0179] The isolation seat 319 has a through screening port 320 on the edge and is equipped with a double-layer screening component 321 inside, which can automatically switch channels according to the material form.

[0180] The outlet control and adjustment component 322 connects the through screening port 320 to the corresponding discharge port;

[0181] The biomass carbon dual-path feeding module 22 and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module 31 are the core components of the material supply system. They are used to realize the classification, storage, precise transportation and path switching of biomass carbon and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in different forms. The two modules have similar structural designs and both adopt a dual-path feeding mechanism. They can select the optimal transportation method according to the physical state of the material to ensure that the feeding process is continuous, stable and accurate in measurement.

[0182] The biomass carbon dual-path feeding module 22 is based on the second storage bin 221, which is used to store biomass carbon raw materials. The bottom of the storage bin is equipped with a biomass carbon pellet outlet 222 and a biomass carbon powder outlet 223, which correspond to the output channels of two different particle sizes. In order to achieve path separation and independent control, the biomass carbon pellet outlet 222 is connected to the top premix bin 11 through the second sealed buffer bin 224, while the biomass carbon powder outlet 223 is connected to the same target bin through the third sealed buffer bin 225. Both buffer bins adopt a sealed structure to prevent dust from overflowing, ensure a clean production environment, and reduce the risk of material moisture or contamination.

[0183] Inside the second sealed buffer silo 224, there is a first variable frequency belt scale 24, which is suitable for conveying granular biomass carbon. The equipment achieves smooth material movement through belt drive. With the help of variable frequency control technology, the belt running speed can be adjusted, thereby accurately controlling the feeding amount. The bottom is equipped with a first weight sensor 226, which is used to monitor the mass of material passing through per unit time in real time and feed the data back to the PLC controller 7 to form a closed-loop control to ensure the accuracy of batching.

[0184] The third sealed buffer silo 225 is equipped with a single screw feeder 25, which is specially used for the quantitative conveying of powdered biomass carbon. The screw structure is suitable for the propulsion of fine powder materials and has good sealing and leakage prevention performance. The single screw feeder 25 also adopts frequency conversion drive, which can adjust the speed according to process requirements to achieve flow regulation. A second flow sensor 227 is provided at its discharge end to detect the actual flow rate and total amount of discharged material, further improving the accuracy of measurement.

[0185] To achieve automatic sorting and path guidance of granular and powdered materials, a first separating discharge mechanism 228 is provided at the bottom of the second storage bin 221. This mechanism is installed in the discharge area of ​​the storage bin and can dynamically allocate the discharge channel according to the material form. At the same time, a first vibrator 229 is provided on the outer wall of the second storage bin 221, which can be activated when the material has poor flowability. The vibration promotes the loosening of the material at the bottom of the bin, prevents bridging or blockage, and improves the smoothness of material discharge.

[0186] Similarly, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module 31 consists of a third storage bin 311, which is used to store nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer or a mixture thereof. The bottom of the storage bin is provided with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium granule outlet 312 and a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium powder outlet 313, which are respectively connected to a fourth sealed buffer bin 314 and a fifth sealed buffer bin 315, and finally send the material into the central main mixing bin 12. This dual-path design enables the equipment to be compatible with different working conditions of granular compound fertilizer and powder base fertilizer, and enhances the system's adaptability.

[0187] The fourth sealed buffer silo 314 is equipped with a second variable frequency belt scale 32 for conveying granular nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Its working principle is the same as that of the first variable frequency belt scale 24. It has functions such as adjustable speed and weighing feedback. The second weight sensor 316 at the bottom collects weight signals in real time and supports precise proportion control. The fifth sealed buffer silo 315 is equipped with a variable frequency screw feeder 33, which is suitable for quantitative supply of powdered nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium materials. The variable frequency screw feeder 33 pushes materials by rotating the screw. The discharge end is equipped with a third flow sensor 317 for monitoring the powder flow rate and participating in system regulation.

[0188] The bottom of the third storage bin 311 is provided with a second separating discharge mechanism 318, which has the same function as the first separating discharge mechanism 228. Both are used to realize channel switching after material morphology recognition. The mechanism includes an isolation seat 319, which has a through screening port 320 on its edge as a transition interface for material diversion. The isolation seat 319 is equipped with a double-layer screening component 321, which can automatically adjust the screening section according to the particle size characteristics of the incoming material, so that the granular material and the powder material are respectively guided to the corresponding discharge port.

[0189] The outlet control adjustment component 322 connects the through screening port 320 to each discharge port and is responsible for completing the opening and closing operation of the final path. This component can operate under the command of the control system to ensure that the material type currently used only passes through the matching conveyor line and avoid cross-mixing or misfeeding.

[0190] In summary, the biomass carbon dual-path feeding module 22 and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module 31, through the setting of a multi-channel discharge structure, the equipment of dedicated conveying equipment and sensing monitoring elements, realize the classification and precise feeding of materials in different physical forms. Combined with the automatic switching function of the first separation discharge mechanism 228 and the second separation discharge mechanism 318, as well as the vibrator-assisted feeding measures, the entire feeding system has high flexibility and reliability, effectively meeting the needs of complex raw material compatibility in biochar-based fertilizer production, and ensuring the uniformity of subsequent mixing processes and the stability of product quality.

[0191] Specifically, the dual-layer screening assembly 321 includes:

[0192] An arc-shaped movable plate 3211 is coaxially and movably installed in an isolation seat 319, and a screening screen 3212 is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, with the mesh size increasing linearly along the rotation direction.

[0193] An arc-shaped control seat 3213 is fixed to the outer wall of the mixing tank 1, and is hollow inside with a sliding block 3214 slidably installed.

[0194] The sliding block 3214 is connected to the arc-shaped moving plate 3211 through a non-contact transmission mechanism. This mechanism consists of a first magnet 3215 fixed to the outer wall of the arc-shaped moving plate 3211 and a second magnet 3216 fixed to the inner wall of the sliding block 3214. The two magnets attract each other to achieve power transmission.

[0195] The second servo motor 3217 is installed on the top of the sliding block 3214, and its output end is connected to the gear 3218. The gear 3218 meshes with the arc rack 3219 on the top of the arc control seat 3213, driving the sliding block 3214 to rotate the arc moving plate 3211, thereby realizing the switching of screening sections.

[0196] The export control adjustment component 322 includes:

[0197] The third servo motor 3221 is fixed to the center of the bottom of the isolation seat 319;

[0198] The outlet channel adjustment seat 3222 is fixed to the output end of the third servo motor 3221. It is provided with a first flow channel 3223 and a second flow channel 3224, which are respectively connected to the through screening port 320 and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium particle outlet 312 and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium powder outlet 313.

[0199] The connection status of the two channels is adjusted by rotating the third servo motor 3221, so as to realize the fully automatic switching of the material path;

[0200] The double-layer screening component 321 is the core functional component of the first separation discharge mechanism 228 and the second separation discharge mechanism 318. It is used to achieve automatic screening and channel guidance according to the material morphology. The component consists of an arc-shaped moving plate 3211, a screening screen 3212, an arc-shaped control seat 3213, a sliding block 3214, a non-contact transmission mechanism, a second servo motor 3217, a gear 3218, and an arc-shaped rack 3219, etc., which work together to identify and separate materials of different particle sizes.

[0201] The arc-shaped moving plate 3211 is coaxially and movably installed inside the isolation seat 319 and can rotate around the central axis. Multiple screening screens 3212 are evenly distributed around its circumference. The mesh size of these screening screens 3212 increases linearly along the rotation direction, that is, it gradually increases from one end to the other. When the material falls onto the surface of the arc-shaped moving plate 3211, fine powdery materials can pass through the screen area with smaller aperture, while granular materials cannot pass through and remain on the screen surface. They then enter the corresponding discharge path with subsequent movement. By adjusting the angular position of the arc-shaped moving plate 3211, a specific aperture section can be aligned with the through screening port 320, thereby selectively allowing a certain type of material to pass through and achieving the purpose of grading by particle size.

[0202] To drive the arc-shaped moving plate 3211 to rotate precisely, the system is equipped with an external control structure. The arc-shaped control seat 3213 is fixed to the outer wall of the mixing tank 1 as a support frame. Its interior is a hollow structure, and a sliding block 3214 is slidably installed thereon, so that it can move smoothly on the arc-shaped trajectory. The sliding block 3214 and the arc-shaped moving plate 3211 are connected by a non-contact transmission mechanism, which avoids the seals and through-shaft structures required by traditional mechanical transmission, and reduces the risk of wear and leakage.

[0203] The non-contact transmission mechanism consists of a first magnet 3215 and a second magnet 3216. The first magnet 3215 is fixed to the outer wall of the arc-shaped moving plate 3211, while the second magnet 3216 is installed on the inner wall of the sliding block 3214. The two are arranged opposite to each other and have mutual attraction. When the sliding block 3214 moves, it drives the arc-shaped moving plate 3211 to rotate synchronously by means of magnetic coupling, thereby realizing the cross-wall transmission of power. This design not only maintains the overall sealing of the equipment, but also improves the operational stability and maintenance convenience.

[0204] The power source driving the sliding block 3214 is the second servo motor 3217, which is fixed to the top of the sliding block 3214. Its output end is connected to the gear 3218. The gear 3218 meshes with the arc rack 3219 set on the top of the arc control seat 3213. When the second servo motor 3217 is started, the sliding block 3214 is pushed to move back and forth along the arc track by the rolling action of the gear 3218 on the arc rack 3219. Then, the arc moving plate 3211 is rotated by magnetic transmission to precisely adjust the correspondence between the required screening section and the through screening port 320.

[0205] The outlet control and adjustment component 322 is responsible for switching the final material flow direction, ensuring that the screened material accurately enters the matching conveying path. This outlet control and adjustment component 322 includes a third servo motor 3221 and an outlet channel adjustment seat 3222. The third servo motor 3221 is fixed to the center of the bottom of the isolation seat 319, providing precise rotational power. The outlet channel adjustment seat 3222 is installed at the output end of the third servo motor 3221. The outlet channel adjustment seat 3222 has a first flow channel 3223 and a second flow channel 3224. The two channels are... Arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, they are respectively used to connect the through screening port 320 and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium granule discharge port 312 or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium powder discharge port 313. When the third servo motor 3221 receives the instruction from the PLC controller 7, it rotates to a specified angle, so that one of the flow channels is connected to the upstream screening section, while the other is closed. For example, when processing powder materials, the second flow channel 3224 is aligned with the path to guide the fine powder into the powder-specific conveyor line, while when processing granular materials, it switches to the first flow channel 3223 to introduce the granules into the belt scale feeding system.

[0206] The entire double-layer screening assembly 321 works in conjunction with the outlet control and adjustment assembly 322 to achieve fully automated control of the entire process from preliminary screening of materials to final path allocation. The system can automatically determine the type of material to be used based on the preset formula or real-time detection results, and complete the selection of screen sections and switching of discharge channels through the linkage action of the second servo motor 3217 and the third servo motor 3221. This structure effectively avoids the risks of manual intervention and misoperation, improves the equipment's adaptability to various raw material forms, ensures the continuity, accuracy and cleanliness of the feeding process, and provides a high-quality raw material input foundation for subsequent mixing processes.

[0207] Specifically, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module 31 also includes an airflow auxiliary component 34 disposed at the end of the variable frequency screw feeder 33, which has the same structure as the low-pressure airflow supply module 8.

[0208] The low-pressure airflow supply module 8 includes:

[0209] An annular airflow pipe 81 is fixedly installed outside the homogenization chamber 13;

[0210] The circumferential blowing pipe 82 is evenly distributed around the annular airflow pipe 81. One end is connected to the annular airflow pipe 81, and the other end extends obliquely into the homogenization chamber 13 and points towards the discharge direction of the central main mixing chamber 12, promoting material flow and homogenization.

[0211] An air compressor 83 is connected to an annular airflow pipe 81 via an air delivery pipe 84;

[0212] Heating cylinder 85 is located on air delivery pipe 84, and heating plates 86 are evenly distributed inside to preheat compressed air and prevent cold air from causing high-moisture materials to clump and condense.

[0213] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module 31 is equipped with an airflow auxiliary component 34 at the end of the variable frequency screw feeder 33. This component has the same structural design as the low-pressure airflow supply module 8. It is mainly used to improve the flowability of powdered materials during the conveying process and prevent them from accumulating or blocking at the discharge port. Because powdered nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have the characteristics of fine particle size, strong hygroscopicity and poor flowability, problems such as bridging, stagnation or poor discharge are easy to occur when quantitatively feeding through the variable frequency screw feeder 33. The introduction of the airflow auxiliary component 34 effectively alleviates these phenomena.

[0214] The core function of the airflow auxiliary component 34 is to introduce low-pressure hot airflow to disturb and loosen the powdery material that is about to be discharged, so as to keep it in a loose state, thereby improving the feeding stability and metering accuracy. This component shares the same technical architecture with the low-pressure airflow supply module 8 used for homogenization bin 13, realizing equipment modularization and unified maintenance.

[0215] The low-pressure airflow supply module 8 consists of several key components. An annular airflow pipe 81 is fixedly installed outside the homogenization chamber 13, arranged in a ring shape, serving as the main compressed air delivery channel. It can evenly distribute airflow to each blowing point. This pipe is connected to the air compressor 83 via an air delivery pipe 84, which provides a continuous and stable air source. Multiple circumferential blowing pipes 82 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular airflow pipe 81. One end of these blowing pipes is connected to the annular airflow pipe 81, and the other end extends obliquely into the homogenization chamber 13, with their outlet direction pointing towards the discharge flow direction of the central main mixing chamber 12. This oblique arrangement not only avoids the airflow directly impacting the material pile and causing dust, but also... The system creates tangential disturbances at the material interface, promoting the mixing of materials with different densities or particle sizes, eliminating stratification caused by gravity settling, and improving overall mixing uniformity. To prevent the material from absorbing cold and condensing after low-temperature compressed air enters a high-humidity environment, which could lead to agglomeration or caking, the system is equipped with a heating cylinder 85 on the air delivery pipe 84. The heating cylinder 85 is equipped with heating plates 86 evenly distributed inside, which can preheat the compressed air during the delivery process, so that the airflow temperature entering the system is higher than the dew point, thereby avoiding the formation of condensate. The heated low-pressure hot air retains good flow performance and does not damage the physical state of the material, making it particularly suitable for processing scenarios with high moisture content or materials that are easily affected by moisture.

[0216] When the low-pressure air supply module 8 is put into operation, the air compressor 83 pressurizes the ambient temperature air and sends it into the air delivery pipe 84. After being heated by the heating cylinder 85, it enters the annular air flow pipe 81 and then is injected into the homogenization chamber 13 in a low-pressure, multi-point distribution manner through the circumferential air blowing pipe 82. The airflow permeates and diffuses between the material layers, reduces the frictional resistance between particles, enhances the overall fluidity of the material, and helps to break up any possible arch bridge structure, ensuring that the material is transferred smoothly downward.

[0217] Similarly, the airflow auxiliary component 34 applies this principle to the end discharge area of ​​the variable frequency screw feeder 33. The preheated low-pressure airflow is introduced at this position to loosen the powdered nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer that has just been discharged from the screw outlet, preventing it from agglomerating or sticking to the wall before entering the central main mixing chamber 12, thus ensuring continuous and stable feeding.

[0218] In summary, the low-pressure airflow supply module 8 and its reused airflow auxiliary component 34, through the synergistic effect of components such as the annular airflow pipe 81, the circumferential air blowing pipe 82, the air compressor 83, and the heating cylinder 85, achieve effective flow control of high-moisture powder materials. This system not only improves the mixing quality of materials in the homogenization stage, but also enhances the adaptability of the variable frequency screw feeder 33 in handling fine powder raw materials, solves the common problems of blockage, agglomeration, and flow fluctuation in the traditional feeding process, and further ensures the stability and reliability of the entire biochar-based fertilizer production process.

[0219] Specifically, the low-temperature activation and addition module 41 for microbial agents includes:

[0220] The constant temperature activation chamber 411 has a spiral heating coil 412 on its side wall to maintain the activation temperature range;

[0221] The magnetic stirrer 413 is located in the center of the constant temperature activation chamber 411 to promote the uniform activation of the bacterial community.

[0222] The microbial agent delivery pipe 414 extends into the bottom of the constant temperature activation chamber 411 at one end and extends to the anti-delamination chamber 14 at the other end, and is connected to the microbial agent delivery ring 415 at the other end.

[0223] The airflow atomizing nozzle group 416 consists of multiple first inclined atomizing nozzles evenly distributed around the circumference of the agent delivery ring 415 to achieve multi-point atomizing spraying.

[0224] Anti-caking agent storage silo 417 is fixed to the side wall of mixing tank 1;

[0225] The anti-caking agent delivery pipe 418 is connected to the bottom of the anti-caking agent storage silo 417 at one end and connected to the anti-segregation silo 14 at the other end and is equipped with a second inclined atomizing nozzle 419 for synchronously applying the anti-caking coating agent to improve the storage stability of the finished product.

[0226] The low-temperature activation and addition module 41 for microbial agents is a key unit in the biochar-based fertilizer production equipment to ensure the activity of functional microorganisms. Its design focuses on achieving stable activation, uniform dispersion, and gentle mixing of the agents with materials under suitable conditions. This module ensures that highly active microorganisms can enter the final product in the best condition through the coordinated work of multiple components, while avoiding cell inactivation caused by high temperature or severe shearing.

[0227] The constant temperature activation chamber 411 is used to store and activate microbial agents. Its internal environment needs to be maintained within a temperature range suitable for the growth and recovery of microbial communities. To achieve precise temperature control, the side wall of the constant temperature activation chamber 411 is equipped with a spiral heating coil 412. This structure is arranged in a spiral shape along the outer wall or interlayer of the chamber, so that heat is evenly transferred to the material inside the chamber, avoiding local overheating or excessive temperature difference. The flow rate of the heat medium is adjusted by an external temperature control system, and the spiral heating coil 412 can continuously and stably provide the required heat, thereby maintaining the temperature inside the constant temperature activation chamber 411 within a preset range to meet the specific requirements of different microbial species for activation temperature.

[0228] A magnetic stirrer 413 is provided at the center of the constant temperature activation chamber 411 for low-speed and uniform stirring of the bacterial agent solution. The magnetic stirrer 413 uses a magnetic field to drive the internal rotor to rotate, without the need for a mechanical seal to penetrate the chamber, effectively ensuring the airtightness of the activation chamber and preventing external contamination or moisture evaporation from affecting the performance of the bacterial agent. The stirring process promotes full contact between the bacterial agent and the nutrient solution or solvent, accelerates the recovery speed of the bacterial community, and ensures that the distribution of microorganisms in the entire system is consistent, thereby improving the uniformity of the activation effect.

[0229] The microbial agent delivery pipe 414 connects the constant temperature activation chamber 411 and the anti-stratification chamber 14, and is responsible for delivering the activated microbial agent to the mixing area. One end of the pipe extends into the bottom of the constant temperature activation chamber 411 to facilitate the complete extraction of the activated bacterial solution and reduce residue. The other end extends into the interior of the anti-stratification chamber 14 and is connected to the microbial agent delivery ring 415. The microbial agent delivery ring 415 is set in the anti-stratification chamber 14 in a ring layout to achieve a wide distribution of the microbial agent.

[0230] Multiple first inclined atomizing nozzles are evenly distributed around the circumference of the microbial agent conveying ring 415, which together form an airflow atomizing nozzle group 416. These nozzles are inclined at a certain angle toward the internal space of the anti-delamination chamber 14, and can atomize the liquid microbial agent into fine droplets with the assistance of compressed air, and spray them evenly onto the material surface in an umbrella shape. The multi-point atomization method significantly improves the distribution density and coverage area of ​​the microbial agent in the material, avoids local concentrations that are too high or too low, and is conducive to improving the uniformity of active bacteria in the finished product.

[0231] In addition, to enhance the physical stability of the finished fertilizer during storage and prevent the granules from absorbing moisture and clumping, the system is also equipped with an anti-caking coating function. The anti-caking agent storage bin 417 is fixed to the side wall of the mixing tank 1 and is specifically used to store anti-caking coating agents, such as inorganic mineral powders or other flow modifiers. The anti-caking agent storage bin 417 is connected to the anti-segregation bin 14 through the anti-caking agent delivery pipe 418. One end of the pipe is connected to the bottom of the anti-caking agent storage bin 417 to ensure smooth discharge, and the other end is connected to the anti-segregation bin 14 and is equipped with a second inclined atomizing nozzle 419. The second inclined atomizing nozzle 419 sprays the anti-caking agent into the anti-segregation bin 14 in the form of atomization, forming a thin coating on the surface of the material. The nozzle is also installed at an inclination, which is conducive to optimizing the spraying angle and expanding the spatial distribution, ensuring that the anti-caking agent is in full contact with the material. By applying it simultaneously with the microbial agent, the dual functions of "biological activity protection" and "physical performance improvement" are achieved.

[0232] The entire microbial agent low-temperature activation and addition module 41 is uniformly coordinated and controlled by the PLC controller 7 during operation. According to the production process settings, the system starts the module after the main material is mixed. The agent is first activated by the magnetic stirrer 413, and then transported to the anti-stratification chamber 14 through the agent delivery pipe 414. It is also sprayed in conjunction with the anti-caking agent delivery system. This low-temperature addition method at the back end avoids damage to microorganisms in the high-temperature mixing zone to the greatest extent and ensures a high survival rate of the agent.

[0233] In summary, the low-temperature activation and addition module 41 for microbial agents provides a stable activation environment through the constant-temperature activation chamber 411 and the spiral heating coil 412, achieves uniform activation with the help of the magnetic stirrer 413, and completes multi-point atomization spraying using the agent delivery pipe 414 and the airflow atomizing nozzle group 416. At the same time, the anti-caking agent storage silo 417, the anti-caking agent delivery pipe 418 and the second inclined atomizing nozzle 419 are used to apply the anti-caking coating agent simultaneously, which comprehensively improves the functionality, uniformity and storage stability of biochar-based fertilizers. It fully considers the physiological characteristics of microorganisms and the compatibility with production processes, and is an important guarantee for realizing the continuous production of high-quality bio-fertilizers.

[0234] Specifically, the microbial agent low-temperature activation and addition module 41 also includes a microcapsule protection component 9, which is used to encapsulate the bacteria to improve their survival rate in a high-temperature mixed environment;

[0235] The microcapsule protection component 9 includes:

[0236] The microcapsule solution storage chamber 92 is fixed to the side wall of the constant temperature activation chamber 411 by a fixing frame 91;

[0237] A microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93 is located on the bacterial agent delivery pipe 414 and is connected to the microcapsule solution storage tank 92 through a branch pipe 94. A delivery pump 95 is installed on the branch pipe 94.

[0238] The rotary mixing assembly 96 is disposed inside the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93 and includes:

[0239] The fourth servo motor 961 is installed on the top of the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93;

[0240] A hollow mixing shaft 962 passes through a microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93 and is connected to the output end of a fourth servo motor 961. Hollow mixing rods 963 are evenly distributed on the side wall, and a discharge port 964 is provided at the end.

[0241] A rotary joint 965 is located between the top of the hollow mixing shaft 962 and the branch pipe 94 to realize the dynamic introduction of liquid and synchronous operation of shaft rotation.

[0242] The microcapsule protection component 9 is a key enhancement structure in the low-temperature activation and addition module 41 of microbial agents. It is designed to improve the environmental tolerance of functional microorganisms during the subsequent high-temperature mixing and granulation process. Since the mixing process of the main materials of biochar-based fertilizer is often accompanied by a certain temperature rise, it may damage the active bacteria. Therefore, by forming a protective membrane on the surface of the bacteria through microcapsule technology, it can effectively isolate adverse factors such as heat, oxygen and mechanical shear, and significantly improve its survival rate and long-term stability.

[0243] The microcapsule protection component 9 is composed of multiple parts working together and is integrated near the constant temperature activation chamber 411, which facilitates seamless connection with the bacterial agent delivery process. The microcapsule solution storage chamber 92 is used to store the pre-prepared microcapsule coating solution. This liquid is usually composed of natural polymer materials such as sodium alginate, chitosan or gelatin, which have good film-forming properties and biocompatibility. The microcapsule solution storage chamber 92 is firmly installed on the side wall of the constant temperature activation chamber 411 by the fixing frame 91, which saves space and ensures stable connection, avoiding leakage or loosening caused by vibration interference.

[0244] The microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93 is located in the middle section of the bacterial agent delivery pipe 414, serving as the site for the microcapsule encapsulation reaction. Its function is to mix the activated bacterial agent from the constant temperature activation chamber 411 with the microcapsule solution in proportion and achieve uniform encapsulation under dynamic conditions. The microcapsule solution storage chamber 92 is connected to the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93 through a branch pipe 94, forming an independent liquid supply channel. A delivery pump 95 is installed on the branch pipe 94 to precisely control the flow rate and injection timing of the microcapsule solution. The delivery pump 95 can be started and stopped according to production instructions to ensure that the encapsulation solution is added synchronously only during the bacterial agent delivery process, avoiding waste or premature reaction.

[0245] The rotary mixing component 96 is located inside the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93 and is the core device for achieving efficient mixing and microcapsule formation. Its power source is the fourth servo motor 961, which is installed at the top of the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93 and provides a stable and adjustable rotational output. The rotational speed of the fourth servo motor 961 can be set according to different bacterial strains and coating process requirements to adapt to the formation conditions of various microcapsule systems. The hollow mixing shaft 962 runs through the entire microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93 and is directly connected to the output end of the fourth servo motor 961, rotating synchronously with the fourth servo motor 961. The hollow mixing shaft 962 has a hollow structure, allowing the microcapsule solution to pass through it. Multiple hollow mixing rods 963 are evenly distributed along its side wall. These hollow mixing rods 963 are connected to the hollow mixing shaft 962 to form a through flow channel. When the microcapsule solution enters the hollow mixing shaft 962, it can flow to the end through the hollow mixing rods 963 and be sprayed out from the discharge port 964, realizing a compound operation of simultaneous stirring and release.

[0246] The hollow mixing rod 963 not only plays a mechanical stirring role during rotation, promoting full contact between the bacterial agent and the coating liquid, but also diffuses the microcapsule solution discharged from its end into the flowing bacterial agent in the form of a fine stream or mist. This facilitates the rapid adsorption and cross-linking of droplets on the bacterial surface to form a film. This combination of "dynamic spraying + rotational shearing" helps to form a microcapsule structure with uniform particle size and controllable thickness, improving coating efficiency and quality consistency.

[0247] Throughout the entire workflow, when the activated microbial agent is transported from the constant temperature activation chamber 411 to the outside via the agent delivery pipe 414, the delivery pump 95 starts, drawing the microcapsule solution from the microcapsule solution storage chamber 92, sending it through the branch pipe 94 and rotary joint 965 into the hollow mixing shaft 962, and further flowing to the hollow mixing rod 963, finally releasing it from the discharge port 964; at the same time, the fourth servo motor 961 drives the hollow mixing shaft 962 and the hollow mixing rod 963 to rotate at high speed, forming a strong vortex mixing environment in the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93, so that the bacterial particles are uniformly wrapped and initially forming a microcapsule structure. Subsequently, the mixture continues to be transported forward and enters the subsequent airflow atomizing nozzle group 416 area, where it is atomized and sprayed in the anti-stratification chamber 14. Since the bacterial cells have a protective shell at this time, even if the material still has a certain residual temperature, it can effectively resist heat damage, thereby ensuring that the number of live bacteria in the final product meets the standard;

[0248] In summary, the microcapsule protection component 9, through the coordinated operation of the microcapsule solution storage tank 92, branch pipe 94, delivery pump 95, microcapsule solution mixing cylinder 93, and rotary mixing component 96, achieves in-situ microencapsulation of microbial agents during delivery. This structure not only improves the tolerance of the bacteria to high-temperature mixing environment, but also enhances their stability and sustained-release performance during storage and application.

[0249] Specifically, the premixing assembly 51 includes:

[0250] The fifth servo motor 511 is fixed to the top of the mixing tank 1;

[0251] The premixing shaft 512 is vertically positioned at the center of the top premixing chamber 11 and is connected to the output end of the fifth servo motor 511.

[0252] Multiple sets of stirring blades 513 are evenly distributed along the axial direction and set at an angle to achieve rapid preliminary mixing;

[0253] The microbial agent mixing component 53 is disposed at the end of the premixing stirring shaft 512, and includes:

[0254] The extension shaft 531 is connected to the end of the premixing shaft 512 via an electromagnetic clutch 532;

[0255] The microbial agent stirring shaft 533 is evenly distributed around the side wall of the extension shaft 531 and is located in the anti-stratification chamber 14.

[0256] The spiral propulsion plate 534 is fixedly sleeved on the extension shaft 531 and is located between the central main mixing chamber 12, the homogenization chamber 13 and the anti-segregation chamber 14 to realize material propulsion;

[0257] The main mixing and stirring assembly 52 is disposed on the top of the mixing tank 1, and includes:

[0258] The sixth servo motor 521 is fixed to the top of the mixing tank 1;

[0259] A pair of main mixing shafts 522 are mirror-symmetrically arranged in the central main mixing chamber 12, each fixedly fitted with spiral blades 523 rotating in opposite directions;

[0260] One side of the main mixing shaft 522 is connected to the sixth servo motor 521;

[0261] The belt drive assembly 524 is located between the two main mixing shafts 522 and includes a pair of first drive gears 5241, a second drive gear 5242, a third drive gear 5243, and a belt 5244.

[0262] The first transmission gear 5241 is fixed to the end of the main mixing shaft 522, the second transmission gear 5242 is fixedly installed at the output end of the sixth servo motor 521, and the third transmission gear 5243 is movably installed on the top of the mixing tank 1 and located on the other side of the second transmission gear 5242. The pair of first transmission gears 5241, second transmission gears 5242 and third transmission gears 5243 are synchronously driven by belt 5244, so that the two main mixing shafts 522 can rotate synchronously in opposite directions, forming a bidirectional convection mixing effect.

[0263] The premixing component 51, the microbial agent mixing component 53, and the main mixing component 52 together constitute a multi-stage segmented mixing system inside the mixing tank 1. The system is finely designed to meet the needs of different material characteristics and mixing stages, and achieves efficient mixing operations throughout the entire process from initial mixing to adding active ingredients to final homogenization.

[0264] The premixing assembly 51 enables rapid initial mixing. The premixing assembly 51 is located in the top premixing chamber 11 and is mainly used for the initial mixing of dry raw materials such as humic acid, biomass carbon, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to prevent local accumulation or component segregation. Its core power is provided by the fifth servo motor 511, which is fixed to the top of the mixing tank 1 and has precise speed regulation and start / stop control functions. The stirring intensity can be adjusted according to the formula requirements.

[0265] The premixing shaft 512 is a vertically arranged central drive shaft that passes through the top premixing chamber 11 and is directly connected to the output end of the fifth servo motor 511 to realize power transmission. Multiple sets of stirring blades 513 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the premixing shaft 512. These blades are installed at an inclination (usually with an inclination angle of 30°-60°). During rotation, they not only generate radial tumbling action on the material, but also apply axial thrust to promote rapid circulation of materials between the upper and lower layers. The inclined structure enhances shearing and dispersion capabilities, making it particularly suitable for complex material systems where particles and powders coexist. It significantly shortens the premixing time and improves the mixing uniformity.

[0266] The microbial agent mixing component 53 enables low-temperature addition and gentle mixing. Integrated at the end of the premixing system, it is specifically designed for the gentle addition of microbial agents and anti-caking coating agents, avoiding activity loss due to high temperature or high-intensity shear. Its structure is centered on the extension shaft 531, which is connected to the bottom end of the premixing shaft 512 via an electromagnetic clutch 532. The electromagnetic clutch 532 can automatically engage and disengage according to the instructions of the PLC controller 7—disengaging during the main material premixing stage to stop the mixing of the microbial agent area and prevent idling and wear; and automatically closing when entering the microbial agent addition process to start the microbial agent mixing function, ensuring precise and controllable operation. The extension shaft 531 extends downward into the anti-stratification chamber 14 area, and its side wall is evenly distributed with multiple microbial agent stirring shafts 533. These microbial agent stirring shafts 533 are radially distributed and can gently stir the liquid microbial agent and anti-caking agent sprayed onto the material surface at low speed, promoting uniform penetration and adhesion without damaging the microcapsule structure, and avoiding agglomeration or dripping.

[0267] In addition, a spiral propulsion plate 534 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the extension shaft 531, located in the transition area between the central main mixing chamber 12, the homogenization chamber 13 and the anti-segregation chamber 14. The spiral propulsion plate 534 rotates synchronously with the extension shaft and plays the role of material conveying, pushing the premixed material from top to bottom smoothly to the subsequent mixing area to form a continuous feed flow, avoiding blockage or stagnation, and ensuring production continuity.

[0268] The main mixing assembly 52 achieves high-intensity bidirectional convective homogeneous mixing. The main mixing assembly 52 is located at the top of the mixing tank 1 and is responsible for the main mixing task in the central main mixing chamber 12. It processes all materials, including premixed materials, biochar matrix and other auxiliary materials. The goal is to achieve a high uniformity and no dead corners in the final mixing effect. It is driven by the sixth servo motor 521, which is fixed to the top of the tank and provides a powerful and stable torque output. A pair of main mixing shafts 522 are mirror-symmetrically installed inside the central main mixing chamber 12, located on both sides of the center line. Each mixing shaft is fixedly fitted with a spiral blade 523, but the spiral blades on the two shafts rotate in opposite directions (one left-handed and one right-handed), thus forming a bidirectional material flow pattern of alternating "cohesion-expansion" when rotating.

[0269] When the sixth servo motor 521 starts, the power is transmitted to the belt 5244 via the second transmission gear 5242. The belt 5244 then drives the two first transmission gears 5241 to rotate synchronously. Due to the design of the gear layout and belt direction, the two main mixing shafts 522 achieve opposite rotation (one clockwise and one counterclockwise) while maintaining the same speed. This opposite synchronous motion forms a strong bidirectional spiral convection in the central main mixing chamber 12. The material is repeatedly cross-mixed in the axial and radial directions, which greatly improves the mixing efficiency and uniformity. It is especially suitable for the deep homogenization of large-capacity, high-density materials.

[0270] The entire mixing system adopts a design concept of "three-stage progression + functional zoning":

[0271] Premixing stage: The premixing component 51 completes the initial mixing of dry materials to prevent stratification caused by differences in specific gravity;

[0272] Transfer and propulsion and microbial agent addition stage: The material is conveyed downward by the spiral propulsion plate 534, and microbial agent and anti-caking agent are introduced into the anti-segregation bin 14 area and gently mixed by the microbial agent stirring shaft 533.

[0273] Final mixing stage: The main mixing component 52 is started, and the bidirectional convection effect is used to complete the high-intensity homogeneous mixing of all materials to ensure the consistency of the finished product quality;

[0274] The components are independently controlled by servo motors, intelligently switched by electromagnetic clutches, and precisely linked by mechanical transmission, which realizes modular, intelligent and energy-saving operation of the mixing process. In particular, the delayed activation mechanism of the microbial agent mixing component 53 effectively avoids the risk of inactivation caused by the premature participation of heat-sensitive components in strong mixing. It fully demonstrates the system's deep adaptability to the production process of functional fertilizers. It not only meets the multiple requirements of mixing uniformity, material protection and process flexibility in the production of biochar-based fertilizers, but also provides solid technical support for the stable mass production of high-quality microbial fertilizers.

[0275] A production process for a low-temperature fermentation agent carbon-based fertilizer production equipment includes the following steps:

[0276] S1. Raw material preparation and classification

[0277] Humic acid, biomass carbon granules, biomass carbon powder, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, microbial inoculants, microcapsule protective liquid and anti-caking coating agent are respectively put into the corresponding storage bins. The physical state of each material is determined by the material morphology recognition system, and the corresponding conveying path is automatically matched to provide a control basis for subsequent sub-path material supply.

[0278] S2, Premix supply and initial mixing

[0279] Start the humic acid feeding module 21 and the biomass carbon dual-path feeding module 22, and feed the top premixing bin 11 through the double helix frequency conversion feeder 23 and the first frequency conversion belt scale 24 or the single helix feeder 25.

[0280] The premixing assembly 51 shears and tumbles the material to form a primary mixture;

[0281] PLC controller 7 receives feedback signals from moisture content sensor 63 and dynamically adjusts the feeding rate and stirring frequency.

[0282] S3, Main Mixing Material Supply and Main Mixing

[0283] The primary mixture enters the central main mixing silo 12, while the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module 31 quantitatively adds to the central main mixing silo 12 through the second frequency-controlled belt scale 32 or the frequency-controlled screw feeder 33.

[0284] Under the action of the main mixing and stirring component 52, the materials rotate synchronously in opposite directions, generating a bidirectional convection mixing effect;

[0285] The PLC controller 7 combines the signals from the infrared spectroscopy sensor 61, the mixing uniformity detector 64, and the conductivity sensor 66 to adjust the mixing intensity and feeding rhythm in real time.

[0286] S4, homogenization treatment and airflow assistance

[0287] The mixed material flows into the homogenization chamber 13. The low-pressure air supply module 8 is activated, and low-pressure hot air is introduced through the annular air pipe 81 to disturb the material interface and prevent stratification.

[0288] S5. Low-temperature activation and microencapsulation of bacterial agents, along with simultaneous atomization and mixing.

[0289] Microbial agents are activated by low-speed stirring in the microbial agent low-temperature activation addition module 41.

[0290] The microcapsule protective solution is atomized by the hollow mixing shaft 962 of the microcapsule protective component 9 and mixed with the bacterial agent to form microcapsules;

[0291] The activated microbial agent is sprayed into the anti-stratification chamber 14 through the microbial agent supply unit 4, and the composite coating is completed in the atomized state.

[0292] S6, Final Mixing and Quality Monitoring

[0293] The material undergoes a final co-mixing in the anti-segregation chamber 14, and the ATP fluorescence detector 62 detects the number of active bacteria online, while the laser particle size analyzer 65 monitors the particle distribution.

[0294] If the test results do not meet the preset standards, the PLC controller 7 triggers the remixing mechanism, which transports the unqualified materials separately and then sends some of the materials back to the central main mixing chamber 12 for reprocessing.

[0295] S7. Discharge and Packaging

[0296] Qualified materials are discharged from the bottom of the anti-delamination compartment 14 and enter the downstream automatic packaging system to complete weighing, packaging and palletizing operations. Key parameters of the entire production process are collected by the PLC controller 7 and uploaded to the data management system to achieve full traceability.

[0297] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0298] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant-based carbon fertilizer, characterized in that, include: The mixing tank (1) has a top premixing chamber (11), a central main mixing chamber (12), a homogenization chamber (13) and an anti-segregation chamber (14) arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside. The inner wall of the mixing tank (1) is provided with a temperature control layer. The material supply system consists of a premix supply unit (2), a main mix supply unit (3), and a microbial agent supply unit (4); The premixed feed supply unit (2) includes a humic acid feed module (21) and a biomass carbon dual-path feed module (22), wherein: The humic acid feeding module (21) is configured to achieve continuous and stable feeding through a double-helix frequency conversion feeder (23); The biomass carbon dual-path feeding module (22) is configured to select the first frequency conversion belt scale (24) or the single screw feeder (25) according to the material form. The main mixing supply unit (3) includes a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path supply module (31), which is configured to switch the conveying path according to the material form and convey the material quantitatively through a second variable frequency belt scale (32) or a variable frequency screw feeder (33); The microbial agent supply unit (4) includes a low-temperature activation and addition module (41) for microbial agents, which uses a magnetic stirrer (413) built into a constant temperature activation chamber (411) and injects the agent into the anti-stratification chamber (14) through an airflow atomizing nozzle group (416). The material mixing unit (5) consists of a premixing mixing component (51), a main mixing mixing component (52), and a microbial agent mixing component (53); The sensing and monitoring unit (6) integrates an infrared spectral sensor (61), an ATP fluorescence detector (62), a moisture content sensor (63), a mixing uniformity detector (64), a laser particle size analyzer (65), and a conductivity sensor (66). PLC controller (7) is used to communicate with all the above sensors and actuators to form a linkage control closed loop; The homogenization chamber (13) is equipped with a low-pressure airflow supply module (8), which eliminates the stratification phenomenon through an annular airflow pipe (81). The anti-stratification chamber (14) is equipped with a microcapsule protection component (9), which realizes the synchronous atomization of the bacterial agent and the protectant through a hollow mixing shaft (962).

2. The production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top premixed container (11) and the central main mixing container (12) are connected by circumferentially distributed adjustable flow ports (10), the adjustable flow ports (10) including: The variable diameter flow port (102) is composed of an inverted conical flow section (103) and a straight cylindrical flow section (104). The inverted conical flow section (103) extends upward into the top premixing bin (11), and the straight cylindrical flow section (104) extends downward into the central main mixing bin (12). The flow regulating component (105) is located at the center of the variable diameter flow port (102) and includes: The flow regulating plate (106) is movably embedded in the sliding groove (107) on the side wall of the variable diameter flow port (102) and moves radially to adjust the flow cross-sectional area; The first servo motor (108) is fixedly installed on the mounting base (101) on the outer wall of the mixing tank (1). Its output end is connected to the rotating output shaft (109). The rotating output shaft (109) extends into the sliding groove (107) and is threadedly connected to the flow regulating plate (106), driving it to reciprocate to achieve precise control of the discharge flow.

3. The production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humic acid feeding module (21) includes: The first storage bin (211) has an outer wall inlaid with a heat insulation and heating layer (212) to prevent moisture absorption and clumping. The first sealed buffer silo (213) has its inlet end connected to the outlet of the first storage silo (211) and its outlet end connected to the top premix silo (11), and is equipped with a first flow sensor (214). The double-helix variable frequency feeder (23) is located inside the first sealed buffer silo (213). Its spiral blades are equipped with silicone scraper blades (215) to effectively remove adhering materials, reduce residues, and ensure continuous feeding and metering accuracy.

4. The production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass carbon dual-path feeding module (22) includes: The second storage silo (221) is provided with a biomass carbon pellet outlet (222) and a biomass carbon powder outlet (223) at the bottom, which are connected to the top premix silo (11) through the second sealed buffer silo (224) and the third sealed buffer silo (225), respectively. The first variable frequency belt scale (24) is located inside the second sealed buffer silo (224), and the bottom is equipped with a first weight sensor (226). The single spiral feeder (25) is located in the third sealed buffer silo (225), and the discharge end is equipped with a second flow sensor (227). The bottom of the second storage bin (221) is provided with a first separating discharge mechanism (228), and the outer wall is provided with a first vibrator (229). The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium dual-path feeding module (31) includes: The third storage silo (311) is provided with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium granule outlet (312) and a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium powder outlet (313) at the bottom, which are connected to the central main mixing silo (12) through the fourth sealed buffer silo (314) and the fifth sealed buffer silo (315), respectively. The second variable frequency belt scale (32) is located in the fourth sealed buffer silo (314), and the bottom is equipped with a second weight sensor (316). The variable frequency screw feeder (33) is located in the fifth sealed buffer silo (315), and the discharge end is equipped with a third flow sensor (317). The bottom of the third storage bin (311) is provided with a second separating discharge mechanism (318), and the outer wall is provided with a second vibrator (323). The first separating discharge mechanism (228) and the second separating discharge mechanism (318) have the same structure, both including: The isolation seat (319) has a through screening port (320) on the edge and is equipped with a double-layer screening assembly (321) inside, which can automatically switch channels according to the material form; The outlet control adjustment component (322) connects the through screening port (320) to the corresponding discharge port.

5. The production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dual-layer screening assembly (321) includes: An arc-shaped moving plate (3211) is coaxially and movably installed in an isolation seat (319), with screening screens (3212) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the mesh size increasing linearly along the rotation direction; An arc-shaped control seat (3213) is fixed to the outer wall of the mixing tank (1), and is hollow inside with a sliding block (3214) installed. The sliding block (3214) and the arc-shaped moving plate (3211) are connected by a non-contact transmission mechanism. The mechanism consists of a first magnet (3215) fixed on the outer wall of the arc-shaped moving plate (3211) and a second magnet (3216) fixed on the inner wall of the sliding block (3214). The two magnets attract each other to achieve power transmission. The second servo motor (3217) is installed on the top of the sliding block (3214), and the output end is connected to the gear (3218). The gear (3218) meshes with the arc rack (3219) on the top of the arc control seat (3213), driving the sliding block (3214) to rotate the arc moving plate (3211) to realize the switching of screening sections. The export control adjustment assembly (322) includes: The third servo motor (3221) is fixed at the center of the bottom of the isolation seat (319); The outlet channel adjustment seat (3222) is fixed to the output end of the third servo motor (3221). It is provided with a first flow channel (3223) and a second flow channel (3224), which are respectively connected to the through screening port (320) and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium particle outlet (312) and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium powder outlet (313). The connection status of the two channels is adjusted by rotating the third servo motor (3221), thereby realizing fully automatic switching of the material path.

6. The production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module (31) also includes an airflow auxiliary component (34) located at the end of the variable frequency screw feeder (33), which has the same structure as the low-pressure airflow supply module (8); The low-pressure airflow supply module (8) includes: An annular airflow pipe (81) is fixedly installed outside the homogenization chamber (13); The circumferential blowing pipe (82) is evenly distributed around the annular airflow pipe (81). One end is connected to the annular airflow pipe (81), and the other end extends obliquely into the homogenization chamber (13) and points towards the discharge direction of the central main mixing chamber (12) to promote material flow and homogenization. An air compressor (83) is connected to an annular airflow pipe (81) via an air delivery pipe (84). The heating cylinder (85) is located on the air delivery pipe (84) and has heating plates (86) evenly distributed inside to preheat the compressed air and prevent the cold air from causing the high-moisture material to clump together.

7. The production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent low-temperature activation and addition module (41) includes: The constant temperature activation chamber (411) has a spiral heating coil (412) on its side wall to maintain the activation temperature range; A magnetic stirrer (413) is located in the center of the constant temperature activation chamber (411) to promote the uniform activation of the bacterial community; The microbial agent delivery pipe (414) extends into the bottom of the constant temperature activation chamber (411) at one end and extends to the anti-delamination chamber (14) at the other end, and is connected to the microbial agent delivery ring (415) at the end. The airflow atomizing nozzle group (416) consists of multiple first inclined atomizing nozzles evenly distributed around the circumference of the agent delivery ring (415) to achieve multi-point atomizing spraying; Anti-caking agent storage silo (417) is fixed to the side wall of mixing tank (1); The anti-caking agent delivery pipe (418) is connected to the bottom of the anti-caking agent storage silo (417) at one end and connected to the anti-segregation silo (14) at the other end and equipped with a second inclined atomizing nozzle (419) for synchronously applying the anti-caking coating agent to improve the storage stability of the finished product.

8. The production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The microbial agent low-temperature activation and addition module (41) also includes a microcapsule protection component (9) for encapsulating the bacteria to improve their survival rate in a high-temperature mixed environment; The microcapsule protection component (9) includes: The microcapsule solution storage chamber (92) is fixed to the side wall of the constant temperature activation chamber (411) by a fixing frame (91); The microcapsule solution mixing cylinder (93) is located on the bacterial agent delivery pipe (414) and connected to the microcapsule solution storage tank (92) through a branch pipe (94). A delivery pump (95) is provided on the branch pipe (94). The rotary mixing assembly (96) is disposed inside the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder (93) and includes: The fourth servo motor (961) is installed on top of the microcapsule solution mixing cylinder (93); A hollow mixing shaft (962) passes through a microcapsule solution mixing cylinder (93) and is connected to the output end of a fourth servo motor (961). Hollow mixing rods (963) are evenly distributed on the side wall, and a discharge port (964) is provided at the end. A rotary joint (965) is located between the top of the hollow mixing shaft (962) and the branch pipe (94) to realize the dynamic introduction of liquid and the synchronous operation of shaft rotation.

9. The production equipment for low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premixed material mixing assembly (51) includes: The fifth servo motor (511) is fixed to the top of the mixing tank (1); The premixing shaft (512) is vertically positioned at the center of the top premixing chamber (11) and connected to the output end of the fifth servo motor (511); Multiple sets of stirring blades (513) are evenly distributed along the axial direction and set at an angle to achieve rapid preliminary mixing; The microbial agent mixing component (53) is located at the end of the premixing stirring shaft (512) and includes: The extension shaft (531) is connected to the end of the premixing shaft (512) via an electromagnetic clutch (532); The microbial agent stirring shaft (533) is evenly distributed around the side wall of the extension shaft (531) and is located in the anti-separation chamber (14); The spiral propulsion plate (534) is fixedly sleeved on the extension shaft (531) and located between the central main mixing chamber (12), the homogenization chamber (13) and the anti-segregation chamber (14) to realize material propulsion; The main mixing and stirring assembly (52) is disposed on the top of the mixing tank (1) and includes; The sixth servo motor (521) is fixed to the top of the mixing tank (1); A pair of main mixing shafts (522) are mirror-symmetrically arranged in the central main mixing chamber (12), each fixedly fitted with a spiral blade (523) with opposite rotation directions. One side of the main mixing shaft (522) is connected to the sixth servo motor (521); The belt drive assembly (524) is located between the two main mixing shafts (522) and includes a pair of first drive gears (5241), a second drive gear (5242), a third drive gear (5243) and a belt (5244). The first transmission gear (5241) is fixed to the end of the main mixing shaft (522), the second transmission gear (5242) is fixedly installed at the output end of the sixth servo motor (521), and the third transmission gear (5243) is movably installed on the top of the mixing tank (1) and located on the other side of the second transmission gear (5242). The pair of first transmission gears (5241), second transmission gears (5242) and third transmission gears (5243) are synchronously driven by belts (5244) so ​​that the two main mixing shafts (522) can rotate synchronously in opposite directions to form a bidirectional convection mixing effect.

10. The production process of the low-temperature fermentation inoculant carbon-based fertilizer production equipment according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation and classification Humic acid, biomass carbon granules, biomass carbon powder, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, microbial inoculants, microcapsule protective liquid and anti-caking coating agent are respectively put into the corresponding storage bins. The physical state of each material is determined by the material morphology recognition system, and the corresponding conveying path is automatically matched to provide a control basis for subsequent sub-path material supply. S2, Premix supply and initial mixing Start the humic acid feeding module (21) and the biomass carbon dual-path feeding module (22), and feed the material to the top premix bin (11) through the double helix frequency conversion feeder (23) and the first frequency conversion belt scale (24) or the single helix feeder (25); The premixing assembly (51) shears and tumbles the material to form a primary mixture; The PLC controller (7) receives the feedback signal from the moisture content sensor (63) and dynamically adjusts the feeding rate and stirring frequency. S3, Main Mixing Material Supply and Main Mixing The primary mixture enters the central main mixing silo (12), while the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dual-path feeding module (31) quantitatively adds the mixture to the central main mixing silo (12) through the second variable frequency belt scale (32) or variable frequency screw feeder (33). Under the action of the main mixing and stirring component (52), the materials rotate synchronously in opposite directions, generating a bidirectional convection mixing effect; The PLC controller (7) combines the signals from the infrared spectral sensor (61), the mixing uniformity detector (64), and the conductivity sensor (66) to adjust the mixing intensity and feeding rhythm in real time. S4, homogenization treatment and airflow assistance The mixed material flows into the homogenization bin (13), and the low-pressure air supply module (8) is activated. Low-pressure hot air is introduced through the annular air supply pipe (81) to disturb the material interface and prevent stratification. S5. Low-temperature activation and microencapsulation of bacterial agents, along with simultaneous atomization and mixing. The microbial agent is activated by low-speed stirring in the microbial agent low-temperature activation addition module (41); The microcapsule protective solution is atomized by the hollow mixing shaft (962) of the microcapsule protective component (9) and mixed with the bacterial agent to form microcapsules; The activated microbial agent is sprayed into the anti-delamination chamber (14) through the microbial agent supply unit (4) and the composite coating is completed in the atomized state; S6, Final Mixing and Quality Monitoring The materials undergo a final co-mixing process in the anti-segregation chamber (14), and the number of active bacteria is detected online by the ATP fluorescence detector (62), while the particle size analyzer (65) monitors the particle distribution. If the test results do not meet the preset standards, the PLC controller (7) triggers the remixing mechanism, which transports the unqualified materials separately and then sends some of the materials back to the central main mixing silo (12) for reprocessing. S7. Discharge and Packaging Qualified materials are discharged from the bottom of the anti-delamination bin (14) and enter the downstream automatic packaging system to complete weighing, packaging and palletizing operations. The key parameters of the entire production process are collected by the PLC controller (7) and uploaded to the data management system to achieve full traceability.

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