A vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of pretreatment and crushing technology for vegetation waste recycling, and discloses a vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system, including a discharge hopper and a rotating shaft movably installed in the middle of the discharge hopper. A rotating cutter is fixedly installed on the top of the rotating shaft. A secondary crushing hopper is fixedly installed on the top of the discharge hopper, and a primary crushing hopper is fixedly installed on the top of the secondary crushing hopper. A feed hopper is fixedly installed on the top right side of the feed hopper. The system also includes a crushing device, which is keyed onto the rotating shaft, and a screening device is installed outside the crushing device. Through the arrangement of the rotating cutter, crushing device, and screening device, the vegetation waste is first initially cut by the rotating cutter under the action of gravity, forming small pieces. These pieces then fall into the screening device and are further continuously cut by the crushing device, crushing them into even smaller pieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pretreatment and crushing technology for vegetation waste recycling, specifically a vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system. Background Technology

[0002] The amount of vegetation waste generated, such as forestry dead branches, garden pruning branches, crop straw, vines and weeds, and deciduous shrubs, is increasing year by year. This type of waste is characterized by its scattered distribution, loose volume, irregular shape, large length range, strong fiber toughness, and large fluctuation in moisture content. If traditional on-site burning, random dumping, or landfill disposal methods are used, it will not only cause serious air pollution, soil compaction, and mosquito breeding, but also greatly waste the recyclable value of biomass resources. At the same time, the accumulation of large amounts of vegetation waste can easily cause fire hazards. Clogged ditches and obstructed urban and rural living environment management are seriously inconsistent with the current policy orientation of carbon neutrality, biomass resource recycling, and zero-waste city construction. Therefore, it is necessary to reuse it. In the existing recycling process of vegetation waste, crushing pretreatment is the core pre-processing step for subsequent resource utilization. It directly determines the stability and quality of downstream processes such as material conveying efficiency, storage space, fermentation and composting, biomass pelleting, biomass power generation, organic fertilizer preparation, and substrate cultivation. However, the traditional pretreatment equipment still has some shortcomings at this stage, as follows:

[0003] Currently, conventional crushing equipment mostly adopts a single blade structure, which has poor adaptability. It can only achieve a single crushing effect for materials such as branches, straw, and vines of varying coarseness and hardness. The finished particles of the crushed material are of different sizes, requiring subsequent processing to screen and select materials of different sizes. Then, based on the different particle sizes, different sizes of crushers are selected for repeated processing. This pre-processing is not only cumbersome, but also greatly affects the final shaping effect of the material. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a crusher that can quickly crush vegetation waste into the required size. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a pretreatment system for the recycling of vegetation waste, which features multi-stage crushing and multi-stage screening, enabling the material particles exiting the chamber to be directly crushed to the required specifications, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] This invention provides the following technical solution: a pretreatment system for the recycling of vegetation waste, including a discharge bin and a rotating shaft movably installed in the middle of the discharge bin. A rotating cutter is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is threaded, and a pulley is fixedly installed at the bottom. Power is transmitted between the pulley and a drive motor to rotate the rotating shaft. A secondary crushing bin is fixedly installed at the top of the discharge bin, and a primary crushing bin for mounting the rotating cutter is fixedly installed at the top of the secondary crushing bin. A feed hopper is fixedly installed at the top of the primary crushing bin. The feed hopper has a feed inlet on the top right side and also includes a crushing device, which is keyed on a rotating shaft. A screening device is installed on the outside of the crushing device, and the bottom of the inner cavity of the screening device is in contact with the bottom surface of the crushing device. A circular hole is opened at the center of the bottom of the screening device, and its center is offset from the center of the rotating shaft. A cam is keyed on the rotating shaft and located in the circular hole, and the cam contacts the inner wall of the circular hole. When the rotating shaft rotates, it drives the cam to rotate, which can push the screening device and drive the screening device to perform eccentric movement. The bottom of the screening device has uniformly opened discharge holes.

[0006] Preferably, the crushing device has three sets, from top to bottom: crushing blade I, crushing blade II, and crushing blade III, with the diameters of crushing blade I, crushing blade II, and crushing blade III increasing sequentially. Similarly, the screening device has three sets, from top to bottom: screen plate I, screen plate II, and screen plate III, with the diameter of the material discharge holes on the screening device decreasing sequentially from top to bottom.

[0007] Preferably, the minimum distance between the crushing blade I and the inner wall of the screen plate I is L, the minimum distance between the crushing blade II and the inner wall of the screen plate II is l, and the minimum distance between the crushing blade III and the inner wall of the screen plate III is r, where l=⅔L and r=⅓L.

[0008] Preferably, collision columns are uniformly fixed on the inner wall of the screening device, and the radius of the collision columns is less than r.

[0009] Preferably, a guide cylinder is fixedly provided on the outside of the screen plate I and screen plate II, and the bottom end of the guide cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the side wall of the screen plate III. The guide cylinder is conical. Through holes are evenly opened on the side of the screening device, and the diameter of the through holes is the same as the diameter of the discharge hole. After the crushed material is discharged from the through hole, it can fall into the next crushing area under the obstruction of the guide cylinder. A support base is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the screen plate III, and the support base is movably connected to the rotating shaft.

[0010] Preferably, limiting devices are evenly arranged on the rotating shaft. The limiting devices are stacked sequentially on the rotating shaft along with the crushing device and the screening device. The limiting devices limit the crushing device. The limiting devices include a washer and a nut, and the nut is threadedly connected to the rotating shaft.

[0011] Preferably, each set of the crushing device consists of two disc shredders with the same specifications, but their cutting edges are staggered vertically, and a spacer support tube is provided between them to ensure a certain distance between them, so as to effectively tear the vegetation.

[0012] Preferably, a rubber ring is fixedly installed on the secondary crushing chamber, and the center of the rubber ring coincides with the center of the rotating shaft, and the side of the guide cylinder is in contact with the rubber ring.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] By incorporating a rotary cutter, crushing device, and screening device, vegetation waste is initially cut into small pieces by the rotary cutter under gravity. These pieces then fall into the screening device, where the crushing device continues to cut and pulverize them into even smaller pieces. Driven by the rotation of the rotating shaft, the screening device moves eccentrically horizontally via a cam, causing it to shake the material inside. This shakes the pulverized material out of the discharge hole, leaving larger pieces in the screening device for further tearing and cutting by the crushing device. This ensures that the final discharged material maintains a certain particle size for subsequent processing. Simultaneously, during the shaking process, the screening device pushes the material inside, bringing it closer to the crushing device. The high-speed rotation of the crushing device further pulverizes the material, and the compression between the two devices ensures effective contact between the crushing device and the material, achieving a more efficient pulverization effect. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a frontal half-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution and installation of the rotary cutter, crushing device, and screening device in the structure of this invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a top view of the installation of the cam and screen plate I in this invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation intervals of the three sets of crushing and screening devices in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structural crushing device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the sieve plate III and the rotating shaft in this invention.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of various components on the rotating shaft of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Discharge bin; 2. Rotary shaft; 3. Support base; 4. Crushing device; 41. Crushing blade I; 42. Crushing blade II; 43. Crushing blade III; 5. Screening device; 51. Screen plate I; 52. Screen plate II; 53. Screen plate III; 6. Cam; 7. Discharge hole; 8. Rotary cutter; 9. Secondary crushing bin; 10. Primary crushing bin; 11. Feed hopper; 12. Limiting device; 121. Shim; 122. Nut; 13. Collision column; 14. Through hole; 15. Guide cylinder; 16. Pulley; 17. Spacer support pipe; 18. Rubber ring. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Please see Figure 1-8 A pretreatment system for recycling vegetation waste includes a discharge bin 1 and a rotating shaft 2 movably installed in the middle of the discharge bin 1. A rotating cutter 8 is fixedly installed on the top of the rotating shaft 2. The rotating shaft 2 is threaded, and a pulley 16 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rotating shaft 2. Power is transmitted between the pulley and a drive motor via a belt to drive the rotating shaft 2 to rotate. A secondary crushing bin 9 is fixedly installed on the top of the discharge bin 1, and a primary crushing bin 10 for installing the rotating cutter 8 is fixedly installed on the top of the secondary crushing bin 9. A feed hopper 11 is fixedly installed on the top of the primary crushing bin 10. The top right side has a feed inlet and also includes: a crushing device 4, which is keyed on the rotating shaft 2, and a screening device 5 is provided on the outside of the crushing device 4. The bottom of the inner cavity of the screening device 5 is in contact with the bottom surface of the crushing device 4. A circular hole is provided at the center of the bottom of the screening device 5, and its center is offset from the center of the rotating shaft 2. A cam 6 is keyed on the rotating shaft 2 and located in the circular hole. The cam 6 contacts the inner wall of the circular hole. When the rotating shaft 2 rotates, it drives the cam 6 to rotate, which can push the screening device 5 and drive the screening device 5 to perform eccentric movement. The bottom of the screening device 5 has uniformly provided discharge holes 7.

[0026] Vegetation waste is fed into the feed hopper 11, where it is first cut into small pieces by the rotating cutter 8 under gravity. These smaller pieces then fall into the screening device 5 and are continuously cut and crushed into even smaller pieces by the crushing device 4. Driven by the rotation of the rotating shaft 2, the screening device 5 moves eccentrically in the horizontal direction via the cam 6, causing the material inside the screening device 5 to shake. This shakes the crushed material out of the discharge hole 7, leaving the larger pieces in the screening device 5 to be continuously torn and cut by the crushing device 4. This ensures that the final discharged material maintains a certain particle size for subsequent processing. Simultaneously, during the shaking process, the screening device 5 pushes the material inside, causing it to move closer to the crushing device 4. The high-speed rotation of the crushing device 4 then crushes the material. The compression between the two devices allows the crushing device 4 to achieve a more effective crushing effect.

[0027] The crushing device 4 has three sets, from top to bottom: crushing blade I 41, crushing blade II 42, and crushing blade III 43, with the diameters of crushing blade I 41, crushing blade II 42, and crushing blade III 43 increasing sequentially. The screening device 5 also has three sets, from top to bottom: screen plate I 51, screen plate II 52, and screen plate III 53, with the diameter of the material discharge hole 7 on the screening device 5 decreasing sequentially from top to bottom. When the material is crushed by the rotational cutting of the crushing device 4, after being screened by the screening device 5, and because the diameter of the material discharge hole 7 decreases sequentially, the material can undergo three rounds of cutting and screening after falling into the screening device 5, so as to achieve a finer particle size and provide effective pretreatment for subsequent granulation and other processing.

[0028] The minimum distance between crushing blade I 41 and the inner wall of screen plate I 51 is L, the minimum distance between crushing blade II 42 and the inner wall of screen plate II 52 is l, and the minimum distance between crushing blade III 43 and the inner wall of screen plate III 53 is r, where l = ⅔L and r = ⅓L. The minimum distance between the three sets of crushing devices 4 and screening devices 5 decreases sequentially. On the one hand, this prevents the screening device 5 from maintaining a certain distance from the crushing device 4 during eccentric motion, avoiding collisions and ensuring safe operation of the equipment. On the other hand, as the particle size of the material decreases layer by layer, the screening device 5 can push the material at each layer, creating a pinching effect between the material and the crushing device 4, pushing the material towards the crushing device 4 and enhancing the cutting effect of the crushing device 4.

[0029] The inner wall of the screening device 5 is uniformly fixed with collision columns 13, and the radius of the collision columns 13 is less than r. The addition of collision columns 13 to the screening device 5 enables the crushing device 4 to drive the material to collide with the collision columns 13 during high-speed rotation, thereby increasing the collision crushing effect of the material and further enhancing the crushing effect. Since the radius of the collision columns 13 is less than r, there is no need to worry about them colliding with the crushing device 4.

[0030] A guide cylinder 15 is fixedly installed on the outside of screen plate I 51 and screen plate II 52, and the bottom end of the guide cylinder 15 is fixedly connected to the top of the side wall of screen plate III 53. The guide cylinder 15 is conical. Through holes 14 are evenly opened on the side of the screening device 5. The diameter of the through holes 14 is the same as the diameter of the discharge hole 7. After the crushed material is discharged from the through holes 14, it can fall into the next crushing area under the obstruction of the guide cylinder 15. A support base 3 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of screen plate III 53, and the support base 3 is movably connected to the rotating shaft 2. Since the side of the screening device 5 is provided with through holes 14, when the screening device 5 is eccentrically moving, it will drive a part of the material that has reached the qualified diameter to be thrown out from the through holes 14. Under the obstruction of the guide cylinder 15, it enters the next crushing process, which speeds up the discharge of the material that has reached the required specifications and avoids a large amount of material in the screening device 5, which would cause the crushing device 4 to be blocked and locked, affecting the continuous operation of the equipment.

[0031] Limiting devices 12 are evenly arranged on the rotating shaft 2. The limiting devices 12, crushing devices 4, and screening devices 5 are stacked sequentially on the rotating shaft 2. The limiting devices 12 limit the crushing devices 4. The limiting devices 12 include a gasket 121 and a nut 122, and the nut 122 is threadedly connected to the rotating shaft 2. The limiting devices 12 limit the three sets of crushing devices 4 and screening devices 5 to facilitate subsequent maintenance and replacement.

[0032] Each set of the crushing device 4 consists of two disc shredders with the same specifications, but their cutting blades are staggered vertically, and a spacer support tube 17 is provided between them to create a certain gap so that the vegetation can be effectively torn. The crushing device 4 formed by the two staggered disc shredders can, on the one hand, form different levels of cutting in the same screening device 5, and on the other hand, increase the tearing effect formed by the staggered cutting blades.

[0033] A rubber ring 18 is fixedly installed on the secondary crushing chamber 9, and the center of the rubber ring 18 coincides with the center of the rotating shaft 2. The side of the guide cylinder 15 contacts the rubber ring 18. Since the screening device 5 drives the guide cylinder 15 to make eccentric movements, the rubber ring 18 buffers the guide cylinder 15, reduces the burden on the rotating shaft 2 caused by inertia, and extends the service life of the rotating shaft 2.

[0034] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pretreatment system for the recycling of vegetation waste, comprising a discharge bin (1) and a rotating shaft (2) movably installed in the middle of the discharge bin (1), wherein a rotating cutter (8) is fixedly installed on the top of the rotating shaft (2), the rotating shaft (2) is threaded, and a pulley (16) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the rotating shaft (2), wherein power is transmitted between the pulley and a drive motor via a belt to drive the rotating shaft (2) to rotate, characterized in that: Also includes: A crushing device (4) is keyed onto a rotating shaft (2), and a screening device (5) is provided on the outside of the crushing device (4). The bottom of the inner cavity of the screening device (5) is in contact with the bottom surface of the crushing device (4). A circular hole is provided at the center of the bottom of the screening device (5), and its center is offset from the center of the rotating shaft (2). A cam (6) is keyed onto the rotating shaft (2) and located in the circular hole. The cam (6) is in contact with the inner wall of the circular hole. When the rotating shaft (2) rotates, it drives the cam (6) to rotate. The screen can be pushed against the screening device (5) and driven to make the screening device (5) move eccentrically. The bottom of the screening device (5) is evenly provided with material dropping holes (7). The top of the discharge bin (1) is fixedly provided with a secondary crushing bin (9), and the top of the secondary crushing bin (9) is fixedly provided with a primary crushing bin (10) for installing a rotary cutter (8). The top of the primary crushing bin (10) is fixedly provided with a feed hopper (11), and the top right side of the feed hopper (11) is provided with a feed inlet.

2. The vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing device (4) has three sets, from top to bottom: crushing blade I (41), crushing blade II (42) and crushing blade III (43), and the diameters of crushing blade I (41), crushing blade II (42) and crushing blade III (43) increase sequentially. The screening device (5) also has three sets, from top to bottom: screen plate I (51), screen plate II (52) and screen plate III (53), and the diameter of the material discharge hole (7) on the screening device (5) decreases sequentially from top to bottom.

3. The vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The minimum distance between the crushing blade I (41) and the inner wall of the sieve plate I (51) is L, the minimum distance between the crushing blade II (42) and the inner wall of the sieve plate II (52) is l, and the minimum distance between the crushing blade III (43) and the inner wall of the sieve plate III (53) is r, where l=⅔L and r=⅓L.

4. The vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the screening device (5) is uniformly fixed with collision columns (13), and the radius of the collision columns (13) is less than r.

5. The vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The screen plate I (51) and screen plate II (52) are fixedly provided with a guide cylinder (15), and the bottom end of the guide cylinder (15) is fixedly connected to the top of the side wall of the screen plate III (53). The guide cylinder (15) is conical. The side of the screening device (5) is uniformly provided with through holes (14), and the diameter of the through holes (14) is the same as the diameter of the discharge hole (7). After the crushed material is discharged from the through hole (14), it can fall into the next level crushing area under the obstruction of the guide cylinder (15). The bottom surface of the screen plate III (53) is fixedly provided with a support base (3), and the support base (3) is movably connected to the rotating shaft (2).

6. The vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Limiting devices (12) are uniformly arranged on the rotating shaft (2). The limiting devices (12), crushing device (4) and screening device (5) are stacked on the rotating shaft (2) in sequence. The limiting devices (12) limit the crushing device (4). The limiting devices (12) include a gasket (121) and a nut (122), and the nut (122) is threadedly connected to the rotating shaft (2).

7. The vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each set of the crushing device (4) consists of two disc shredders, and the two disc shredders are of the same specification, but their cutting blades are staggered, and a spacer support tube (17) is provided between them so that there is a certain distance between them so that the vegetation can be effectively torn apart.

8. The vegetation waste recycling pretreatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rubber ring (18) is fixedly installed on the secondary crushing chamber (9), and the center of the rubber ring (18) coincides with the center of the rotating shaft (2). The side of the guide cylinder (15) is in contact with the rubber ring (18).

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