An ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of wire production technology, specifically to an ultrasonic drawing amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system. It includes a wire feeder, a wire take-up device, a base, an ultrasonic vibration assembly, and a servo motor. At least one ultrasonic vibration assembly is mounted on the base along its height, and this assembly is movable relative to the base. The wire take-up device is located on top of the ultrasonic vibration assembly. Both the wire feeder and the servo motor are mounted on the base. The wire feeder outputs the fine filaments of the graphene-aluminum composite material to be processed. The filaments are thinned by ultrasonic drawing through the ultrasonic vibration assembly. The wire take-up device is used to wind up the finished microfilaments. The output end of the servo motor is connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly, and the servo motor drives the ultrasonic vibration assembly to move up and down, thereby adjusting the tension of the filaments. This invention achieves fully automatic closed-loop adaptive adjustment of the ultrasonic drawing amplitude, significantly improving processing results, adapting to complex working conditions, and significantly enhancing overall performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wire production technology, specifically to an ultrasonic drawing amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system. Background Technology

[0002] Graphene-aluminum matrix composites possess high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, and low density, making them lightweight functional materials with great application potential. However, the high strength and high hardness of these composites pose significant challenges to traditional microfilament drawing processes: on the one hand, the increased material strength leads to a significant increase in drawing force, which can easily cause problems such as wire breakage and accelerated die wear; on the other hand, the high hardness greatly increases the material's resistance to plastic deformation, making it difficult to achieve continuous and stable microfilament preparation using conventional drawing processes, thus limiting the engineering application of this type of material in the field of fine wires.

[0003] Ultrasonic-assisted drawing technology can reduce the material's deformation resistance and improve lubrication conditions through vibration effects, providing a feasible path for the preparation of microfilaments of high-strength and high-hardness materials. (See also...) Figure 1 As shown, the structure of a traditional ultrasonic-assisted pull-out device is as follows: it includes a vacuum screw 101, a stainless steel pad 102, a piezoelectric ceramic assembly 103, a vibration node mounting ring 104, an aluminum metal conduction tube 105, a hollow hexagonal plug 106, and a ceramic puller 107. The vacuum screw 101 is a stainless steel hexagonal head screw that passes through the stainless steel pad 102 and the piezoelectric ceramic assembly 103, forming a screw pair with the aluminum metal conduction tube 105, providing a preload of 35~46MPa. The stainless steel pad 102 has a stepped circular hole inside, which cooperates with the insulating guide post to form a cylindrical pair. The piezoelectric ceramic assembly 103 abuts against the stainless steel pad 102 and the aluminum metal conduction tube 105 at both ends, constituting an ultrasonic vibration source. The vibration node mounting ring 104 is set on the vibration node of the aluminum metal conduction tube 105. The aluminum metal conduction tube 105 serves as the ultrasonic transmission medium, with a hollow hexagonal plug 106 and an alumina ceramic puller 107 on its outer side. However, this device has several technical drawbacks: traditional ultrasonic-assisted pulling devices have a vibration node mounting ring, which is prone to fatigue damage and has a short service life under high-frequency vibration; the use of an aluminum metal conduction tube and threaded connection structure is prone to loosening and slippage, resulting in low vibration energy transmission efficiency and unstable auxiliary effect; at the same time, relying on the thread to apply preload makes the preload stress uncontrollable due to thread deformation and friction coefficient, making it difficult to meet the stability requirements of large-scale industrial production. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ultrasonic-assisted pulling device and method adapted to graphene-aluminum composite microfilaments to meet the stability requirements of large-scale industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide an ultrasonic drawing amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system to solve the problems of poor drawing stability, low vibration energy transfer efficiency, and insufficient mass production adaptability of traditional ultrasonic-assisted drawing devices, thereby achieving continuous and stable preparation of high-strength and high-hardness graphene-aluminum composite microfilaments.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides an ultrasonic drawing amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system, including a wire feeder, a wire take-up device, a base, an ultrasonic vibration assembly, and a servo electric rod. At least one ultrasonic vibration assembly is mounted on the base along its height direction, and the ultrasonic vibration assembly is movable relative to the base. The wire take-up device is located on top of the ultrasonic vibration assembly. Both the wire feeder and the servo electric rod are mounted on the base. The wire feeder outputs fine filaments of the graphene-aluminum composite material to be processed. The filaments are thinned by ultrasonic drawing through the ultrasonic vibration assembly. The wire take-up device is used to wind up the finished microfilaments. The output end of the servo electric rod is connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly, and the servo electric rod drives the ultrasonic vibration assembly to move up and down, thereby adjusting the tension of the filaments.

[0007] The base includes a base plate and three vertical base rods arranged circumferentially on the base plate; the ultrasonic vibration component is slidably engaged with the three base rods.

[0008] The ultrasonic vibration assembly includes a lifting base, an upper ultrasonic transducer, a lower ultrasonic transducer, a drawing die, a vibration assembly, and a machine vision system. The upper ultrasonic transducer, the vibration assembly, and the lower ultrasonic transducer are sequentially assembled on the lifting base from top to bottom. The drawing die is embedded in the vibration assembly and has a through drawing hole along its axis. The inlet end of the drawing hole has a flared opening. The machine vision system is mounted on the lifting base and is used to detect the ultrasonic amplitude of the vibration assembly.

[0009] The vibration assembly includes an upper amplitude transformer, an amplitude amplification disk, and a lower amplitude transformer arranged sequentially from top to bottom, wherein the upper and lower amplitude transformers are hollow structures, and the drawing die is embedded in the center of the amplitude amplification disk.

[0010] The upper amplitude rod and the lower amplitude rod are respectively provided with an upper stiffness weakening groove and a lower stiffness weakening groove on their outer circumferences, and the upper stiffness weakening groove and the lower stiffness weakening groove face opposite directions.

[0011] The upper and lower parts of the lower amplitude rod are respectively provided with a powder outlet and a powder inlet. Positively charged nano-molybdenum disulfide dust airflow is blown in through the powder inlet. The fine wires electrostatically adsorb the dust, thereby adjusting the amplitude characteristics and natural frequency of the system. Excess dust is sucked away through the powder outlet.

[0012] The amplitude amplification disk is equipped with machine vision markers and laser tracking target balls. The laser tracking target balls are used to analyze the spatial trajectory of vibration. The machine vision system obtains the axial vibration amplitude and torsional vibration amplitude of the vibration component based on the machine vision markers.

[0013] The lifting base includes an upper plate, lifting rods, a lower plate, and a heater. The upper and lower plates are arranged vertically and are slidably engaged with the three base rods. The lower plate is connected to the output end of the servo electric rod. The upper and lower plates are connected by multiple lifting rods distributed circumferentially, and the upper and lower plates respectively press against the upper and lower ultrasonic transducers. Each lifting rod has a heater at its lower end, which heats the lifting rod. The pre-compression strain of the upper and lower ultrasonic transducers is controlled by the change in the axial tensile strain of the lifting rod.

[0014] The upper and lower plates are made of alumina ceramic; the lifting rod is made of carbon steel.

[0015] The upper ultrasonic transducer and the lower ultrasonic transducer have the same structure, both consisting of multiple stacked piezoelectric ceramic sheets; the upper ultrasonic transducer and the lower ultrasonic transducer are respectively fitted onto the upper positioning sleeve and the lower positioning sleeve.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:

[0017] 1. Avoid fatigue damage to the node mounting ring: This invention eliminates the node mounting ring of the traditional device and adopts a variable frequency and variable wavelength design, which eliminates the fatigue damage problem caused by high frequency vibration of the node mounting ring and improves the life of the device.

[0018] 2. Avoiding the defects of aluminum threaded connections: This invention avoids the problems of insufficient installation strength and easy loosening and slippage caused by aluminum threaded connection structures, and ensures the stability of vibration energy transmission efficiency and auxiliary effect.

[0019] 3. Achieve controllable preloading and adapt to mass production: The use of hot-applied preloading instead of thread preloading eliminates the uncertainty of preloading stress caused by factors such as thread deformation and friction coefficient, making it more suitable for the stable requirements of large-scale industrial production.

[0020] 4. Suppress additional vibration excitation and improve drawing stability: Through the stiffness reduction groove design of the upper and lower amplitude rods, the drawing die simultaneously couples axial ultrasonic vibration and ultrasonic torsional vibration of the filament's micro-points, and the filament has no radial sway, thus avoiding additional tensile stress vibration excitation.

[0021] 5. Electrostatic powder coating device optimizes drawing performance: The electrostatic powder coating device allows the filament to adsorb nano molybdenum disulfide powder, reducing drawing resistance and improving the drawing surface quality; the amount of powder can also be controlled by adjusting the static electricity, thereby changing the system vibration amplitude and optimizing the drawing effect.

[0022] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional ultrasonic-assisted pull-out device;

[0026] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of an ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0030] In the diagram: 101. Vacuum screw; 102. Stainless steel pad; 103. Piezoelectric ceramic assembly; 104. Vibration node mounting ring; 105. Aluminum metal conduction tube; 106. Hexagonal hollow plug; 107. Ceramic puller; 2. Wire feeder; 3. Wire take-up device; 4. Fine wire; 5. Base; 501. Base plate; 502. Base rod; 6. Lower positioning sleeve; 7. Lifting seat; 701. Upper plate; 702. Lifting rod; 703. Lower plate; 704. Heater; 8. 10. Upper ultrasonic transducer; 9. Lower ultrasonic transducer; 10. Drawing die; 1001. Horn mouth; 1002. Drawing hole; 11. Upper amplitude transformer; 111. Upper stiffness weakening groove; 12. Lower amplitude transformer; 121. Lower stiffness weakening groove; 13. Servo electric rod; 14. Powder inlet; 15. Powder outlet; 17. Amplitude amplification disk; 18. Machine vision marking; 19. Machine vision; 20. Laser tracking target ball; 21. Blind pin; 22. Upper positioning sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] See Figures 2 to 5 As shown, this invention provides an ultrasonic drawing amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system, including a wire feeder 2, a wire take-up device 3, a base 5, an ultrasonic vibration assembly, and a servo electric rod 13. At least one ultrasonic vibration assembly is mounted on the base 5 along its height direction, and the ultrasonic vibration assembly is movable relative to the base 5. The wire take-up device 3 is located on top of the ultrasonic vibration assembly. Both the wire feeder 2 and the servo electric rod 13 are mounted on the base 5. The wire feeder 2 outputs the fine filament 4 of the graphene-aluminum composite material to be processed. The fine filament 4 is thinned by ultrasonic drawing through the ultrasonic vibration assembly. The wire take-up device 3 is used to wind up the finished microfilament. The output end of the servo electric rod 13 is connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly, and the servo electric rod 13 drives the ultrasonic vibration assembly to move up and down, thereby adjusting the tension state of the fine filament 4.

[0034] See Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the base 5 includes a base plate 501 and three vertical base rods 502 arranged circumferentially on the base plate 501; the ultrasonic vibration component is slidably engaged with the three base rods 502.

[0035] See Figures 2 to 5 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic vibration assembly includes a lifting base 7, an upper ultrasonic transducer 8, a lower ultrasonic transducer 9, a drawing die 10, a vibration assembly, and a machine vision system 19. The upper ultrasonic transducer 8, the vibration assembly, and the lower ultrasonic transducer 9 are sequentially assembled on the lifting base 7 from top to bottom. The drawing die 10 is embedded in the vibration assembly. The drawing die 10 has a through drawing hole along its axis, and the inlet end of the drawing hole has a flared mouth 1001. The upper ultrasonic transducer 8 and the lower ultrasonic transducer 9 work together to drive the vibration assembly to vibrate up and down. The machine vision system 19 is disposed on the lifting base 7 and is used to detect the ultrasonic amplitude of the vibration assembly.

[0036] See Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the lifting seat 7 includes an upper plate 701, lifting rods 702, a lower plate 703, and a heater 704. The upper plate 701 and the lower plate 703 are arranged vertically and are slidably engaged with three base rods 502. The lower plate 703 is connected to the output end of the servo electric rod 13. The upper plate 701 and the lower plate 703 are connected by three lifting rods 702 evenly distributed circumferentially, and the upper plate 701 and the lower plate 703 respectively press against the upper ultrasonic transducer 8 and the lower ultrasonic transducer 9. The lower end of each lifting rod 702 is provided with a heater 704, which is used to heat the lifting rod 702. By means of the change in axial tensile strain of the lifting rod 702, the pre-compression strain of the upper ultrasonic transducer 8 and the lower ultrasonic transducer 9 is controlled. Specifically, the heater 704 is an electromagnetic coil heater.

[0037] Preferably, the upper plate 701 and the lower plate 703 are made of alumina ceramic; the lifting rod 702 is made of Q235B high-quality carbon steel.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention, the vibration assembly includes an upper amplitude transformer 11, an amplitude amplification disk 17, and a lower amplitude transformer 12 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper amplitude transformer 11 and the lower amplitude transformer 12 are hollow structures. The drawing die 10 is embedded in the center of the amplitude amplification disk 17, which can amplify the axial vibration and torsional vibration of the filament 4.

[0039] Furthermore, the upper amplitude rod 11 and the lower amplitude rod 12 are respectively provided with an upper stiffness weakening groove 111 and a lower stiffness weakening groove 121 on their outer circumferences, and the upper stiffness weakening groove 111 and the lower stiffness weakening groove 121 face opposite directions, see [reference]. Figure 4 As shown, by designing to reduce local stiffness, the drawing die 10 outputs longitudinal ultrasonic vibration while simultaneously generating ultrasonic torsional motion around the fine point 4 of the filament, thus achieving longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drawing and optimizing the processing effect.

[0040] Furthermore, the lower amplitude rod 12 is provided with a powder outlet 15 and a powder inlet 14 at its upper and lower parts, respectively. Positively charged nano-molybdenum disulfide dust is blown in through the powder inlet 14, and excess dust is sucked away through the powder outlet 15. The powder outlet 15 and the powder inlet 14 are connected to the dust control unit via rubber hoses. The filament 4 is charged and can adsorb nano-molybdenum disulfide dust, which helps reduce drawing resistance and improve the drawing surface quality of the filament 4. By changing the magnitude of the electrostatic charge, the amount of powder adsorbed is changed, which in turn changes the amplitude of vibration, thereby altering the system's amplitude characteristics and natural frequency.

[0041] The natural frequency of this system is determined by the equivalent stiffness and equivalent mass of the ultrasonic vibration component and the filament 4. Nano-molybdenum disulfide, a solid lubricant, when its powder is adsorbed onto the surface of the filament 4, slightly increases the system's equivalent mass, thus subtly adjusting the natural frequency. Furthermore, it forms a lubricating film at the contact interface between the filament 4 and the drawing die 10, significantly reducing the coefficient of friction and decreasing system friction damping. Reduced damping decreases vibration energy loss, improves the transmission efficiency and operating amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, and simultaneously reduces friction and wear between components. By controlling the amount of nano-molybdenum disulfide adsorbed, the system's damping characteristics can be controllably adjusted to adapt to vibration conditions under different processes.

[0042] Furthermore, the amplitude amplification disk 17 is connected to the upper amplitude transformer 11 and the lower amplitude transformer 12 via blind pin 21. The amplitude amplification disk 17 is equipped with a machine vision marker 18 and a laser tracking target ball 20. The laser tracking target ball 20 is used to analyze the vibration spatial trajectory. The machine vision 19 obtains and outputs the axial vibration amplitude and torsional vibration amplitude of the vibration component based on the machine vision marker 18. The system controller receives the vibration parameters of the vibration component output by the machine vision 19 and controls the vibration amplitude of the upper ultrasonic transducer 8 and the lower ultrasonic transducer 9 according to the filament amplitude process requirements, thereby forming a closed-loop control.

[0043] In the embodiments of the present invention, the upper ultrasonic transducer 8 and the lower ultrasonic transducer 9 have the same structure, both being composed of multiple stacked piezoelectric ceramic sheets; the upper ultrasonic transducer 8 and the lower ultrasonic transducer 9 are respectively fitted onto the upper positioning sleeve 22 and the lower positioning sleeve 6, the two ends of the upper positioning sleeve 22 are respectively positioned with the upper plate 701 and the upper amplitude rod 11, and the two ends of the lower positioning sleeve 6 are respectively positioned with the lower plate 703 and the lower amplitude rod 12.

[0044] Specifically, the upper ultrasonic transducer 8 and the lower ultrasonic transducer 9 can achieve three interactive vibration modes, as follows:

[0045] The first type of interactive vibration mode: the amplitude of the thickness increase of the upper ultrasonic transducer 8 is equal to the amplitude of the thickness decrease of the lower ultrasonic transducer 9, and vice versa. In this mode, the flared mouth 1001 of the drawing die 10 generates two motions relative to the filament 4 simultaneously: one is up-and-down vibration along the axial direction, and the other is a small-amplitude rotational vibration around the cutting plane; the basis for the realization of the small-amplitude rotational vibration is the asymmetrical stiffness design of the upper amplitude transformer 11 and the lower amplitude transformer 12.

[0046] The second type of interactive vibration mode: the thickness increase amplitude of the upper ultrasonic transducer 8 is equal to that of the lower ultrasonic transducer 9, and vice versa. In this mode, the horn 1001 of the drawing die 10 generates a large rotational vibration relative to the cutting surface; the upper amplitude transformer 11 and the lower amplitude transformer 12 compensate for the thickness changes of the upper ultrasonic transducer 8 and the lower ultrasonic transducer 9 through their own elastic deformation.

[0047] The third type of interactive vibration mode is a coupling of the first and second vibration modes mentioned above, which realizes composite vibration based on vibration theory. This will not be elaborated on here.

[0048] Specifically, the outer shell of the servo electric rod 13 is mounted on the base plate 501. Its telescopic end drives the lifting seat 7 to move up and down. By changing the vibration length of the filament 4 between the filament feeder 2 and the filament take-up 3, the vibration characteristics of the system are adjusted. Both the filament feeder 2 and the filament take-up 3 are controlled by servo motors. The servo torque applies pre-tension stress to the filament 4. The control is based on the speed loop and torque loop of the servo motor to ensure the consistency of the tension state of the filament 4 and avoid slack or overload during vibration, thus providing a basis for the stable adjustment of vibration characteristics.

[0049] This invention provides an ultrasonic drawing amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system. By setting stiffness-reducing grooves on the upper and lower amplitude transformers, the drawing die simultaneously outputs longitudinal ultrasonic vibration and generates torsional motion around the filament axis, forming a longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration mode. Compared with traditional single longitudinal vibration, this mode can significantly reduce frictional resistance during the drawing process, reduce die wear and filament surface scratches, improve the material's plastic deformation capacity, reduce peak drawing force, effectively improve filament surface quality, and reduce the risk of filament breakage.

[0050] This invention incorporates a vibration rigidity alteration module consisting of a servo motor, a lifting seat, a wire feeder, and a wire take-up device. The servo motor drives the lifting seat up and down, dynamically adjusting the effective vibration length of the filament between the feeder and take-up device, thereby actively altering the system's vibration characteristics. Simultaneously, both the feeder and take-up device are controlled by servo motors, applying stable pre-tension stress to the filament through dual closed-loop control of speed and torque loops, providing a foundation for stable vibration characteristic adjustment. This design solves the problems of traditional ultrasonic drawing equipment's inability to adapt to changing working conditions and its tendency for amplitude drift, achieving closed-loop adaptive control of ultrasonic amplitude and significantly improving processing stability and product consistency.

[0051] This invention achieves flexible switching between three interactive vibration modes by using different excitation methods for the upper and lower ultrasonic transducers: including small-amplitude longitudinal-torsional composite vibration, large-amplitude torsional vibration, and coupled vibration of the two modes. It can be adapted to various process scenarios such as low-resistance coarse drawing and high-precision fine drawing according to the drawing requirements of filaments of different materials and diameters, significantly improving the versatility and process adaptability of the equipment, and reducing process switching costs and debugging cycles.

[0052] In summary, this invention achieves efficient, stable, and adaptive control of the ultrasonic drawing process through a synergistic design of longitudinal-torsional composite vibration, actively adjustable vibration characteristics, and multi-mode vibration switching. It can adapt to changes in working conditions, accurately control the amplitude, effectively improve processing efficiency, product quality, and equipment versatility, and has significant engineering application value.

[0053] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system, characterized in that, The device includes a wire feeder (2), a wire take-up device (3), a base (5), an ultrasonic vibration assembly, and a servo electric rod (13). At least one ultrasonic vibration assembly is provided on the base (5) along the height direction, and the ultrasonic vibration assembly can be raised and lowered relative to the base (5). The wire take-up device (3) is located on the top of the ultrasonic vibration assembly. The wire feeder (2) and the servo electric rod (13) are both located on the base (5). The wire feeder (2) is used to output the fine wire (4) of the graphene aluminum-based composite material to be processed. The fine wire (4) is thinned by ultrasonic drawing of the ultrasonic vibration assembly. The wire take-up device (3) is used to wind up the finished micro-wire. The output end of the servo electric rod (13) is connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly. The servo electric rod (13) is used to drive the ultrasonic vibration assembly to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the tension state of the fine wire (4).

2. The ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (5) includes a base plate (501) and three vertical base rods (502) arranged circumferentially on the base plate (501); the ultrasonic vibration component is slidably engaged with the three base rods (502).

3. The ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ultrasonic vibration assembly includes a lifting base (7), an upper ultrasonic transducer (8), a lower ultrasonic transducer (9), a drawing die (10), a vibration assembly, and a machine vision device (19). The upper ultrasonic transducer (8), the vibration assembly, and the lower ultrasonic transducer (9) are assembled on the lifting base (7) from top to bottom. The drawing die (10) is embedded on the vibration assembly. The drawing die (10) has a through drawing hole along the axis. The inlet end of the drawing hole has a horn mouth (1001). The machine vision device (19) is set on the lifting base (7) and is used to detect the ultrasonic amplitude of the vibration assembly.

4. The ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vibration assembly includes an upper amplitude rod (11), an amplitude amplification disk (17), and a lower amplitude rod (12) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper amplitude rod (11) and the lower amplitude rod (12) are hollow structures, and the drawing die (10) is embedded in the center of the amplitude amplification disk (17).

5. The ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper amplitude rod (11) and the lower amplitude rod (12) are respectively provided with an upper stiffness weakening groove (111) and a lower stiffness weakening groove (121) on their outer circumferences, and the upper stiffness weakening groove (111) and the lower stiffness weakening groove (121) face opposite directions.

6. The ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper and lower parts of the lower amplitude rod (12) are respectively provided with a powder outlet (15) and a powder inlet (14). Positively charged nano molybdenum disulfide dust airflow is blown in through the powder inlet (14). The fine filament (4) is charged and adsorbs the dust, thereby adjusting the amplitude characteristics and natural frequency of the system. Excess dust is sucked away through the powder outlet (15).

7. The ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amplitude amplification disk (17) is equipped with a machine vision marker (18) and a laser tracking target ball (20), wherein the laser tracking target ball (20) is used to analyze the vibration spatial trajectory, and the machine vision (19) obtains the axial vibration amplitude and torsional vibration amplitude of the vibration component according to the machine vision marker (18).

8. The ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lifting base (7) includes an upper plate (701), lifting rods (702), a lower plate (703), and a heater (704). The upper plate (701) and the lower plate (703) are arranged vertically and are slidably engaged with the three base rods (502). The lower plate (703) is connected to the output end of the servo electric rod (13). The upper plate (701) and the lower plate (703) are connected by multiple lifting rods (702) distributed circumferentially. The upper plate (701) and the lower plate (703) press the upper ultrasonic transducer (8) and the lower ultrasonic transducer (9) respectively. The lower end of each lifting rod (702) is provided with a heater (704). The heater (704) is used to heat the lifting rod (702). By means of the change in the axial tensile strain of the lifting rod (702), the pre-compression strain of the upper ultrasonic transducer (8) and the lower ultrasonic transducer (9) is controlled.

9. The ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The upper plate (701) and lower plate (703) are made of alumina ceramic; the lifting rod (702) is made of carbon steel.

10. The ultrasonic pull-out amplitude closed-loop adaptive control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper ultrasonic transducer (8) and the lower ultrasonic transducer (9) have the same structure, both being composed of multiple stacked piezoelectric ceramic sheets; the upper ultrasonic transducer (8) and the lower ultrasonic transducer (9) are respectively fitted onto the upper positioning sleeve (22) and the lower positioning sleeve (6).

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