A die casting mold and die casting equipment

Abstract

This application provides a die-casting mold and die-casting equipment. The die-casting mold includes a fixed mold, a moving mold, and a gating assembly. After the fixed mold and the moving mold are closed, they form a cavity for molding castings. The gating assembly includes a high-pressure die-casting gating assembly and a semi-solid die-casting gating assembly, which are at least partially replaceable in the fixed mold. When the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly is installed in the fixed mold and the mold is closed, the internal flow channel of the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly communicates with the cavity to guide liquid metal into the cavity. When the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly is installed in the fixed mold and the mold is closed, the internal flow channel of the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly communicates with the cavity to guide semi-solid metal into the cavity. By replacing the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly and the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly, the high-pressure die-casting process and the semi-solid die-casting process can be switched on a single die-casting mold while sharing the fixed mold and the moving mold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal casting technology, and more specifically to a die casting mold and die casting equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Taking magnesium alloys as an example, magnesium alloys have become the core application material for lightweight industrial structural components due to their outstanding advantages such as low density, high specific strength, excellent vibration and noise reduction performance, and good electromagnetic shielding. They are widely used in automotive chassis brackets, aerospace lightweight parts, electronic control housings, precision electronic frames, electronic communications and other fields.

[0003] Magnesium alloys are primarily manufactured using high-pressure die casting and semi-solid die casting processes. High-pressure die casting is a precision manufacturing technology that uses high pressure to inject high-temperature molten metal into a die-casting mold at high speed, where it quickly solidifies. It relies on high pressure and high-speed jets to rapidly fill the cavity, resulting in fast production cycles, high production efficiency, low mass production costs, and mature technology, making it suitable for mass production. However, it is prone to defects such as porosity and shrinkage in the castings, making it suitable for applications with relatively low performance requirements.

[0004] Semi-solid die casting is a precision manufacturing technology in which a semi-solid metal material, consisting of a solid and liquid phase mixture, is injected into a die-casting mold and solidifies. The forming temperature is much lower than that of fully liquid high-pressure die casting. The semi-solid metal material fills the mold smoothly and orderly, significantly reducing porosity and shrinkage defects, resulting in castings with dense structure and excellent mechanical properties. This meets the performance requirements of high-end precision and high-load-bearing magnesium alloy parts. However, the forming cycle time is relatively slow, and the production efficiency is lower than that of high-pressure die casting, making it unsuitable for rapid mass production of large quantities of general-purpose parts.

[0005] Due to the inherent differences between high-pressure die casting and semi-solid die casting processes, for the same manufacturing company, if it needs to manufacture parts that meet the requirements of high-end and low-end application scenarios for the same specification and model of parts, the production cost is high and the production flexibility is low. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide a die-casting mold and die-casting equipment that can switch between high-pressure die-casting and semi-solid die-casting processes based on the same die-casting mold, which is beneficial for reducing production costs and improving production flexibility.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This application provides a die-casting mold, including: Fixed mold; The moving mold, the fixed mold and the moving mold together form a cavity after the mold is closed, the cavity being used to form a casting; The gating assembly includes a high-pressure die-casting gating assembly and a semi-solid die-casting gating assembly, wherein the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly and the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly are at least partially replaceable and mounted to the fixed mold. When the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly is installed on the fixed mold and the mold is closed, the internal flow channel of the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly is connected to the cavity and is used to guide the liquid metal material into the cavity. When the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly is installed on the fixed mold and the mold is closed, the internal flow channel of the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly is connected to the cavity and is used to guide the semi-solid metal material into the cavity.

[0008] In some embodiments, the fixed mold has a first mounting area, the high-pressure die casting gating assembly includes a high-pressure die casting main gating insert, the high-pressure die casting main gating insert forming a high-pressure die casting runner, the semi-solid die casting gating assembly includes a semi-solid die casting main gating insert, the semi-solid die casting main gating insert forming a semi-solid die casting runner, and the high-pressure die casting main gating insert and the semi-solid die casting main gating insert are interchangeably mounted in the first mounting area of ​​the fixed mold.

[0009] In some implementations, the high-pressure die-casting main gating insert and the semi-solid die-casting main gating insert have the same outer contour shape and size.

[0010] In some embodiments, the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly includes a molding insert, the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly includes an auxiliary gating insert, the auxiliary gating insert forming a semi-solid die-casting auxiliary runner, the fixed mold has a second mounting area, and the molding insert and the auxiliary gating insert are interchangeably mounted in the second mounting area of ​​the fixed mold.

[0011] In some implementations, the molding insert and the auxiliary runner insert have the same outer contour shape and size.

[0012] In some embodiments, the fixed mold includes a fixed mold base plate, a fixed mold frame, and a fixed mold core. The fixed mold base plate is disposed on the side of the fixed mold frame away from the moving mold, and the fixed mold core is disposed on the side of the fixed mold frame facing the moving mold. The first mounting area is formed in the fixed mold core, and the high-pressure die-casting main runner insert and the semi-solid die-casting main runner insert are interchangeably mounted in the fixed mold core.

[0013] In some embodiments, the high-pressure die casting gating assembly includes a hollow pressure chamber, the internal space of which is an injection cavity, and the semi-solid die casting gating assembly includes interconnected hot runner plates and multiple distribution pipes, the multiple distribution pipes connecting the semi-solid die casting main gating insert and the hot runner plates; When the high-pressure die casting inlet assembly is installed on the fixed mold, one end of the pressure chamber passes through the fixed mold plate and the fixed mold frame, and is inserted into the fixed mold core to mate with the high-pressure die casting main runner insert. When the semi-solid die casting gating assembly is installed in the fixed mold, the hot runner plate is housed in the fixed mold base plate, and the distribution pipe passes through the fixed mold frame and is inserted into the fixed mold core to mate with the semi-solid die casting main gating insert.

[0014] In some implementations, the installation position of the pressure chamber interferes with the installation position of the hot runner plate, so that the pressure chamber and the hot runner plate are selectively installed on the fixed mold.

[0015] In some embodiments, the die-casting mold includes one or more slag venting structures, which are formed by the fixed mold and the moving mold after they are closed, and the slag venting structures are connected to the cavity; at least one of the slag venting structures is disposed at the filling flow end of the cavity in the high-pressure die-casting process and at the filling flow end of the cavity in the semi-solid die-casting process.

[0016] In some embodiments, the fixed mold has a first mounting area, and the cavity includes a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity. The first cavity connects the second cavity and the third cavity. The first cavity is flat and is used to form the thin plate portion of the casting. The second cavity and the third cavity are connected to the same end of the first cavity and are arranged at intervals in a first direction, and the three cavities enclose the first mounting area.

[0017] In some embodiments, the die-casting mold includes multiple slag venting structures, with the slag venting structure provided at the end of the second cavity away from the first cavity, and the slag venting structure provided at the end of the third cavity away from the first cavity; the slag venting structure is provided at the end of the first cavity away from the second cavity and the third cavity.

[0018] This application also provides a die-casting device, characterized in that it includes a die-casting mold according to any embodiment of this application.

[0019] The die-casting mold of this application embodiment, by replacing the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly and the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly on the fixed mold, can switch between high-pressure die-casting and semi-solid die-casting processes on a single die-casting mold, while sharing the fixed mold and moving mold. The two gating assemblies can respectively meet the different gating requirements of the corresponding processes. There is no need to manufacture complete die-casting molds for each process; process switching can be achieved simply by replacing the gating assemblies. This reduces product development time and production costs. It allows for flexible selection of either high-pressure die-casting or semi-solid die-casting processes based on product quality requirements, which is beneficial for improving production line flexibility, balancing cost and quality, and enhancing process adaptability. This meets the current industrial production needs of multi-category, small-batch, fast-change-up, and high-to-low-end compatible manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a die-casting mold for a high-pressure die-casting process provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a die-casting mold for a semi-solid die-casting process provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 Exploded views of the fixed mold, high-pressure die casting gating assembly, and semi-solid die casting gating assembly according to embodiments of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 An exploded view of the structure shown from another perspective; Figure 5 For the reason Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the casting blank obtained by die casting mold shown; Figure 6 For distribution piping and by Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the casting blank obtained by die casting mold shown; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a high-pressure die-casting main gating insert according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a semi-solid die-casting main gating insert according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary gating block according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a mold base plate according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a pressure chamber according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a hot runner plate and distribution piping according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Fixed mold; 11. Fixed mold base plate; 111. Hollowed-out area; 12. Fixed mold frame; 13. Fixed mold core; 2. Moving mold; 21. Moving mold base plate; 22. Moving mold frame; 23. Moving mold core; 3. Cavity; 4. Gating assembly; 41. High-pressure die casting gating assembly; 411. High-pressure die casting main runner insert; 4111. High-pressure die casting horizontal runner; 4112. Through hole; 412. Molding insert; 413. Pressure chamber; 4131. Injection cavity; 42. Semi-solid die casting gating assembly; 421. Semi-solid die casting main runner insert; 4211. Semi-solid die casting horizontal runner; 422. Auxiliary runner insert; 4 221. Semi-solid die casting auxiliary runner; 423. Hot runner plate; 424. Distribution pipeline; 5. Temperature control pipeline structure; 6. Slag bag venting structure; 7. Fastening structure; 8. Ejection structure; 9. Casting blank; 91. Casting; 911. Thin plate section; 912. First support; 913. Second support; 92. Residue; 921. Slag bag; 922. Material cake; 923. Solidified material in high-pressure die casting runner; 924. First channel; 925. Second channel; 926. Third channel; 927. Solidified material in semi-solid die casting runner; A. First installation area; B. Second installation area; C. Parting surface; D. First direction. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0024] This application provides an embodiment of a die-casting mold; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2The system includes a fixed mold 1, a moving mold 2, and a gating assembly 4. After the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2 are closed, they form a cavity 3 for molding the casting 91. The gating assembly 4 includes a high-pressure die-casting gating assembly 41 and a semi-solid die-casting gating assembly 42, which are at least partially replaceable and mounted to the fixed mold 1. When the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly 41 is mounted on the fixed mold 1 and the mold is closed, its internal flow channel communicates with the cavity 3 to guide the liquid metal material into the cavity 3. When the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly 42 is mounted on the fixed mold 1 and the mold is closed, its internal flow channel communicates with the cavity 3 to guide the semi-solid metal material into the cavity 3.

[0025] Understandably, when high-pressure die casting is required to produce casting 91, the high-pressure die casting inlet assembly 41 can be installed onto the fixed mold 1, and liquid metal can be injected into the cavity 3 through the internal channel of the high-pressure die casting inlet assembly 41. Exemplarily, after cooling and solidification, the die casting mold is opened to obtain the desired result. Figure 5 The casting blank 9 shown should be noted as follows: Figure 5 The casting blank 9 shown needs to have slag pockets 921, slag cakes 922, solidified material 923 from the high-pressure die casting runner removed before casting 91 can be obtained.

[0026] When a semi-solid die casting process is required to produce casting 91, the semi-solid gating assembly 4 can be installed on the fixed mold 1. Semi-solid metal material is injected into the cavity 3 through the semi-solid gating assembly 4. For example, the first channel 924 is an internal channel of the hot runner plate 423, and the second channel 925 and the third channel 926 are internal channels of the distribution pipe 424. After cooling and forming, the die casting mold is opened to obtain the desired result. Figure 6 The casting blank 9 shown should be noted as follows: Figure 6 The casting blank 9 shown needs to have slag pockets 921, semi-solid die-casting runner solidified material 927, and other residual materials 92 removed before casting 91 can be obtained.

[0027] Figure 5 The casting 91 after removing the excess material 92 from the casting blank 9, and the casting blank 9 Figure 6 The casting 91, after removing the excess material 92 from the casting blank 9, has the same shape and size.

[0028] The die-casting molds used in this application are not limited to any particular casting material; for example, they can be magnesium alloys, aluminum alloys, or other metals. This application describes the casting of magnesium alloys as an example; in this case, the die-casting mold can also be referred to as a magnesium alloy die-casting mold.

[0029] The fixed mold 1 is designed to accommodate both the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly 41 and the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly 42. Furthermore, the structure of the moving mold 2 remains unchanged regardless of process switching. Therefore, both the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2 can be used interchangeably.

[0030] Because the pouring temperature of the high-pressure die casting process is higher than that of the semi-solid die casting process, the temperature that the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2 can withstand should be greater than the maximum pouring temperature required by the high-pressure die casting process, so as to improve the service life of the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2.

[0031] The die-casting mold of this application embodiment, by replacing the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly 41 and the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly 42 on the fixed mold 1, can switch between high-pressure die-casting and semi-solid die-casting processes on a single die-casting mold, while sharing the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2. The two gating assemblies 4 can respectively meet the different gating requirements of the corresponding processes. There is no need to manufacture complete die-casting molds for the two processes. Process switching can be achieved simply by replacing the gating assembly 4, which can reduce product development time, reduce production costs, and allow flexible selection of high-pressure die-casting or semi-solid die-casting processes according to product quality requirements. This is conducive to improving the flexibility of the production line, balancing cost and quality, and enhancing process adaptability, which meets the current industrial production needs of multi-category, small-batch, fast-change, and high-to-low-end compatible manufacturing industries.

[0032] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 The fixed mold 1 has a first mounting area A. The high-pressure die casting gating assembly 41 includes a high-pressure die casting main gating insert 411, which forms a high-pressure die casting horizontal gating 4111. The semi-solid die casting gating assembly 42 includes a semi-solid die casting main gating insert 421, which forms a semi-solid die casting horizontal gating 4211. The high-pressure die casting main gating insert 411 and the semi-solid die casting main gating insert 421 are interchangeably mounted in the first mounting area A of the fixed mold 1. That is, when using the high-pressure die casting process, the high-pressure die casting main gating insert 411 needs to be mounted in the first mounting area A. When switching to the semi-solid die casting process, the high-pressure die casting main gating insert 411 needs to be removed, and then the semi-solid die casting main gating insert 421 needs to be mounted in the first mounting area A to achieve replacement.

[0033] The first installation position is used to selectively install the high-pressure die-casting main runner insert 411 and the semi-solid die-casting main runner insert 421.

[0034] Because the metal material state, filling method and filling speed of high pressure die casting and semi-solid die casting are different, different high pressure die casting runners 4111 and semi-solid die casting runners 4211 are usually designed for the same casting 91.

[0035] The high-pressure die casting main gating insert 411 forms a corresponding high-pressure die casting horizontal gating 4111 based on the characteristics of the high-pressure die casting process. The semi-solid die casting main gating insert 421 forms a corresponding semi-solid die casting horizontal gating 4211 based on the characteristics of the semi-solid die casting process. By replacing the high-pressure die casting main gating insert 411 and the semi-solid die casting main gating insert, the pouring requirements of the casting 91 under the corresponding process can be met, and the defects of the casting 91 can be reduced.

[0036] The specific distribution and structure of the high-pressure die-casting runner 4111 and the semi-solid die-casting runner 4211 need to be designed according to the shape of the casting 91.

[0037] After the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2 are closed, the contact surface forms a parting surface C. The high-pressure die casting runner 4111 and the semi-solid die casting runner 4211 are both distributed in a direction parallel to the parting surface C.

[0038] The high-pressure die-casting runner 4111 can guide the liquid metal material into the cavity 3 and absorb part of the high-speed impact energy of the liquid metal material, reducing the splashing caused by the high-speed liquid metal material directly impacting the cavity 3.

[0039] As one embodiment, a through hole 4112 is formed inside the high-pressure die-casting main runner insert 411. The through hole 4112 connects the injection chamber 4131 and the high-pressure die-casting horizontal runner 4111. The high-pressure die-casting horizontal runner 4111 gradually diverges from the through hole 4112 towards the cavity 3. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 and Figure 7 Based on the shape of the solidified material 923 in the high-pressure die-casting runner, it can be inferred that the shape of the high-pressure die-casting runner 4111 is roughly a forked finger structure. Gradual dispersion allows the liquid metal to flow simultaneously in multiple directions, uniformly filling the cavity 3. The forked finger structure also ensures a more uniform flow rate after the liquid metal is divided, resulting in smoother filling and reducing eddies and air entrapment during the flow process, thus minimizing defects in the casting 91. The shape of the high-pressure die-casting runner 4111 can also be designed as a fan shape, ring shape, comb shape, or other shapes that facilitate guiding the liquid metal.

[0040] The semi-solid die-casting runner 4211 can guide the semi-solid metal material to flow evenly, maintain the semi-solid state of the metal material with a mixture of solid and liquid phases, and enable the semi-solid metal material to fill the entire cavity 3 simultaneously and stably.

[0041] As one example, please refer to Figure 6 Based on the shape of the casting blank 9, it can be seen that one end of the semi-solid die-casting horizontal sprue 4211 is connected to the second channel 925, and the other end is connected to the cavity 3. Multiple semi-solid die-casting horizontal sprues 4211 are arranged side by side at one end of the cavity 3. This multi-point distribution is conducive to guiding the semi-solid metal material to uniformly fill the large cavity 3. According to Figure 8 and Figure 6The shape of the solidified material 927 in the semi-solid die-casting runner reveals that each semi-solid die-casting runner 4211 is roughly fan-shaped, gradually diverging towards the cavity 3 along the second channel 925. This structure helps maintain a smooth flow of the semi-solid metal material, reducing the possibility of turbulence caused by abrupt changes in the size of the runner and minimizing defects in the casting 91. The shape of the semi-solid die-casting runner 4211 can also be trapezoidal, dendritic, or other shapes that facilitate guiding the semi-solid metal material.

[0042] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 The high-pressure die-casting main runner insert 411 and the semi-solid die-casting main runner insert 421 have the same outer contour shape and size. Thus, the high-pressure die-casting main runner insert 411 and the semi-solid die-casting main runner insert 421 occupy the same space, which helps to simplify the structure of the fixed mold 1.

[0043] The outer contours of the high-pressure die-casting main runner insert 411 and the semi-solid die-casting main runner insert 421 are closely fitted with the fixed mold 1, making them less prone to loosening and improving the safety and reliability of the die-casting process.

[0044] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 The high-pressure die-casting gating assembly 41 includes a forming insert 412, and the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly 42 includes an auxiliary runner insert 422. The auxiliary runner insert 422 forms a semi-solid die-casting auxiliary horizontal runner 4221. The fixed mold 1 has a second mounting area B, and the forming insert 412 and the auxiliary runner insert 422 are interchangeably mounted in the second mounting area B of the fixed mold 1. That is, when using the high-pressure die-casting process, the forming insert 412 needs to be mounted in the second mounting area B. When switching to the semi-solid die-casting process, the forming insert 412 needs to be removed, and then the auxiliary runner insert 422 needs to be mounted in the second mounting area B to achieve replacement.

[0045] The second installation position is used to install the molding insert 412 and the auxiliary runner insert 422.

[0046] The molding insert 412 is used to form part of the cavity 3 when using the high-pressure die casting process. The auxiliary runner insert 422 is used to form the semi-solid die casting auxiliary runner 4221.

[0047] The semi-solid die-casting auxiliary runner 4221 can share the filling pressure of the semi-solid die-casting runner 4211, supplementing the inflow of semi-solid metal material in areas of the cavity 3 that are far from the semi-solid die-casting runner 4211, or providing targeted filling for special structures of the casting 91 that are difficult to fill, thereby reducing the occurrence of defects such as under-casting and cold shuts in the casting 91. The semi-solid die-casting auxiliary runner 4221 must maintain a reasonable distance from the semi-solid die-casting runner 4211; otherwise, cold shut defects may easily occur due to temperature differences or air entrapment may occur due to disordered filling sequence.

[0048] The specific distribution and structure of the semi-solid die casting auxiliary runner 4221 need to be designed according to the shape of the casting 91.

[0049] As one example, please refer to Figure 6 Based on the shape of the casting blank 9, it can be seen that the semi-solid die-casting auxiliary horizontal sprue 4221 is set at a certain distance from the semi-solid die-casting horizontal sprue 4211. The semi-solid die-casting auxiliary horizontal sprue 4221 is connected to the third channel 926 and the cavity 3. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 9 There are two semi-solid die casting auxiliary runners 4221. The semi-solid die casting auxiliary runners 4221 can compensate for the areas in the cavity 3 where the semi-solid die casting runners 4211 cannot be poured.

[0050] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 The molding insert 412 and the auxiliary runner insert 422 have the same outer contour shape and size. In this way, the molding insert 412 and the auxiliary runner insert 422 occupy the same space, which helps to simplify the structure of the fixed mold 1.

[0051] The outer contours of the forming insert 412 and the auxiliary sprue insert 422 are closely fitted with the fixed mold 1, making them less prone to loosening and improving the safety and reliability of the die casting process.

[0052] As an example, when switching to a semi-solid die casting process to cast part 91, if the part 91 is only designed with a semi-solid die casting runner 4211 and does not require a semi-solid die casting auxiliary runner 4221, then a molding insert 412 can be used to replace the auxiliary runner insert 422. In other words, when switching processes, there is no need to replace the molding insert 412 at the second installation position, which can reduce the number of operation steps.

[0053] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The fixed mold 1 includes a fixed mold base plate 11, a fixed mold frame 12, and a fixed mold core 13. The fixed mold base plate 11 is located on the side of the fixed mold frame 12 away from the moving mold 2, and the fixed mold core 13 is located on the side of the fixed mold frame 12 facing the moving mold 2. A first installation area A is formed in the fixed mold core 13, and the high-pressure die casting main runner insert 411 and the semi-solid die casting main runner insert 421 are interchangeably installed in the fixed mold core 13.

[0054] Dividing the fixed mold 1 into multiple parts improves the process flexibility of the die-casting mold and facilitates the disassembly and replacement of the fixed mold 1 and the gating assembly 4 installed on the fixed mold 1.

[0055] The high-pressure die casting main runner insert 411 and the semi-solid die casting main runner insert 421 are selected and installed at the same position on the fixed mold core 13 according to the selected die casting process.

[0056] As one example, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The moving mold 2 includes a moving mold base plate 21, a moving mold frame 22, and a moving mold core 23. The moving mold base plate 21 is located on the side of the moving mold frame 22 away from the fixed mold 1, and the moving mold core 23 is located on the side of the moving mold frame 22 facing the fixed mold 1. Dividing the moving mold 2 into multiple parts is beneficial to improving the process flexibility of the die casting mold and facilitates the disassembly and replacement of the moving mold 2 and the parts installed on the moving mold 2.

[0057] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 11 The high-pressure die-casting gating assembly 41 includes a hollow pressure chamber 413, the internal space of which is an injection cavity 4131. (See also...) Figure 12 The semi-solid die-casting gating assembly 42 includes interconnected hot runner plates 423 and multiple distribution pipes 424, which connect to the semi-solid die-casting main gating insert 421 and the hot runner plates 423. (See also...) Figure 1 When the high-pressure die-casting inlet assembly 41 is installed on the fixed mold 1, one end of the pressure chamber 413 passes through the fixed plate and the fixed mold frame 12 of the fixed mold 1 and is inserted into the fixed mold core 13 to mate with the high-pressure die-casting main runner insert 411. Please refer to Figure 2 When the semi-solid die casting gating assembly 42 is installed in the fixed mold 1, the hot runner plate 423 is housed in the fixed mold base plate 11, and the distribution pipe 424 passes through the fixed mold frame 12 and is inserted into the fixed mold core 13 to dock with the semi-solid die casting main gating insert 421.

[0058] Please see Figure 10 The fixed mold base plate 11 has a hollow area 111. When the high-pressure die casting inlet assembly 41 is installed on the fixed mold 1, the pressure chamber 413 passes through the hollow area 111. When the semi-solid die casting inlet assembly 42 is installed on the fixed mold 1, the hot runner plate 423 is embedded in the hollow area 111.

[0059] The end of the pressure chamber 413 furthest from the moving mold 2 is used for injecting liquid metal material, while the fixed mold 1 serves to fix and support the pressure chamber 413. The injection cavity 4131 is used to pressurize the liquid metal material in conjunction with the punch to form high-speed, high-pressure liquid metal material, thereby achieving rapid filling of the cavity 3.

[0060] The hot runner plate 423 is used for temperature control and distribution of semi-solid metal material. On the one hand, the hot runner plate 423 ensures that the semi-solid metal material maintains a stable and uniform temperature before filling, minimizing the possibility of premature solidification. On the other hand, the hot runner plate 423 has internal flow channels that can smoothly and evenly distribute the semi-solid metal material to different distribution pipes 424 according to the designed path.

[0061] The injection chamber 4131, the through hole 4112, and the high-pressure die-casting horizontal runner 4111 are connected. During the high-pressure die-casting process, the liquid metal material is pressurized in the injection chamber 4131, and then enters and fills the mold cavity 3 through the through hole 4112 and the high-pressure die-casting horizontal runner 4111.

[0062] The distribution pipe 424 is connected to the hot runner plate 423 and the semi-solid die casting main runner insert 421. It should be noted that, in the embodiment with the semi-solid die casting auxiliary runner insert, the distribution pipe 424 is also connected to the semi-solid die casting auxiliary runner insert.

[0063] The number of distribution pipes 424 is unlimited; for example, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 and Figure 6 The semi-solid die-casting main runner insert 421 has four semi-solid die-casting runners 4211 in different positions, and four second channels 925 connect to the corresponding semi-solid die-casting runners 4211. The semi-solid die-casting auxiliary runner insert has two semi-solid die-casting runners 4211 in different positions and shapes, and two third pipes connect to the corresponding semi-solid die-casting runners 4211. The hot runner plate 423 connects to a total of six distribution pipes 424.

[0064] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 The installation position of the pressure chamber 413 interferes with the installation position of the hot runner plate 423, so that the pressure chamber 413 and the hot runner plate 423 can be installed on the fixed mold 1 by means of either the pressure chamber 413 or the hot runner plate 423, which prevents the simultaneous installation of the pressure chamber 413 and the hot runner plate 423 from causing operational errors and improves safety.

[0065] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 The die-casting mold includes one or more slag venting structures 6, which are formed by the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2 after being closed. The slag venting structure 6 is connected to the cavity 3. At least one slag venting structure 6 is provided at the end of the filling flow of the cavity 3 in the high-pressure die-casting process, and at the end of the filling flow of the cavity 3 in the semi-solid die-casting process.

[0066] High-pressure die casting is prone to air entrapment defects, and semi-solid die casting can also result in castings 91 containing small amounts of gas or impurities. The slag venting structure 6 can collect cold metal, gas, and impurities, thus venting the gas, reducing porosity defects, and improving the quality of castings 91. The slag venting structure 6 can be installed at locations prone to porosity or at the end of the filling process, depending on the shape of the casting 91.

[0067] When designing the slag bag venting structure 6, the filling process of high-pressure die casting and semi-solid die casting can be simulated to obtain the filling sequence and flow path of the metal material in the cavity 3 corresponding to the two processes. The slag bag venting structure 6 is set at the common filling end of the two processes, so that the slag bag venting structure 6 can handle slag discharge and venting under the two processes.

[0068] In some embodiments, the fixed mold 1 has a first mounting area A, and the cavity 3 includes a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity. The first cavity connects the second cavity and the third cavity. The first cavity is flat and is used to form the thin plate portion 911 of the casting 91. The second cavity and the third cavity are connected to the same end of the first cavity and are arranged at intervals in the first direction D. The three cavities enclose the first mounting area A. That is, the high-pressure die-casting runner 4111 and the semi-solid die-casting runner 4211 are both located in the first mounting area A.

[0069] The first direction D is the same as the arrangement direction of the high-pressure die-casting main runner insert 411.

[0070] The first cavity, the second cavity, and the third cavity are arranged around the first installation area A, which facilitates the simultaneous filling of the first cavity, the second cavity, and the third cavity with metal material.

[0071] Please see Figure 5 The metal material forms a thin plate portion 911 in the first cavity, a first branch 912 in the second cavity, and a second branch 913 in the third cavity.

[0072] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 The second cavity is provided with a slag bag exhaust structure 6 at the end away from the first cavity, and the third cavity is provided with a slag bag exhaust structure 6 at the end away from the first cavity; the first cavity is provided with a slag bag exhaust structure 6 at the end away from the second cavity and the second cavity.

[0073] Since both the high-pressure die-casting runner 4111 and the semi-solid die-casting runner 4211 are located in the first installation area A, when the metal flows in the first, second, and third cavities, a flow end is formed at the end of the second cavity furthest from the first cavity, a flow end is formed at the end of the third cavity furthest from the first cavity, and a flow end is also easily formed at the end of the first cavity furthest from the first installation area A. Therefore, a slag venting structure 6 is provided at the end of the second cavity furthest from the first cavity, a slag venting structure 6 is provided at the end of the third cavity furthest from the first cavity, and a slag venting structure 6 is provided at the end of the first cavity furthest from both the first and second cavities.

[0074] As one embodiment, the metal material located in the slag venting structure 6 cools to form a slag 921. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 and Figure 6Two larger slag bags 921 and multiple smaller slag bags 921 are respectively provided along the first direction D at the end of the thin plate portion 911 away from the first branch 912 and the second branch 913. The larger slag bags 921 can effectively discharge gas and impurities, while the smaller slag bags 921 can reduce the possibility of undercasting in the top middle of the casting 91 and reduce the bubbles formed in the top middle area of ​​the casting 91.

[0075] As one example, please refer to Figure 1 The die-casting mold includes a temperature control piping structure 5, which is distributed between the fixed mold core 1 and the moving mold core 2. Semi-solid metal materials have poor fluidity and are sensitive to temperature, requiring temperature control to maintain their ideal viscosity. The high-pressure die-casting process also necessitates monitoring the temperature of the die-casting mold to prevent overcooling or overheating that could lead to casting failure. The temperature control piping structure 5 maintains the temperatures of the fixed mold core 1 and the moving mold core 2 within the preset process parameter range.

[0076] This application provides a die-casting apparatus, including a die-casting mold according to any embodiment of this application. The die-casting apparatus can switch between high-pressure die-casting and semi-solid die-casting processes.

[0077] The process switching steps in this embodiment are as follows: Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 When high-pressure die casting is required, the high-pressure die casting main runner insert 411 is installed in the first installation area A, the forming insert 412 is installed in the second installation area B, and the pressure chamber 413 is installed on the fixed mold base plate 11, aligning the injection cavity 4131 and the through hole 4112. After the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2 are closed, the liquid metal material in the injection cavity 4131 rapidly fills the cavity 3 through the through hole 4112 and the high-pressure die casting horizontal runner 4111. Excess gas and impurities enter the slag venting structure 6 to form a slag 921, and the liquid metal material remaining in the injection cavity 4131 forms a slag cake 922. After holding the pressure and cooling, the mold is opened, and the excess material 92 is removed to obtain the casting 91.

[0078] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3When a semi-solid die casting process is required, if an auxiliary runner is provided, the semi-solid die casting main runner insert 421 is replaced by the high-pressure die casting main runner insert 411 and installed in the first installation area A. The auxiliary runner insert 422 is replaced by the molding insert 412 and installed in the second installation area B. The hot runner plate 423 is replaced by the pressure chamber 413 and installed on the fixed mold base plate 11. As needed, the hot runner plate 423 and the semi-solid die casting main runner insert 421, the hot runner plate 423 and the auxiliary runner insert 422 are connected by the distribution pipe 424. After the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2 are closed, the semi-solid metal material enters the hot runner plate 423 and flows to the semi-solid die casting runner 4211 and the semi-solid die casting auxiliary runner 4221 respectively through the distribution pipe 424. Then it is smoothly and laminarly filled into the cavity 3. Excess gas and impurities enter the slag venting structure 6 to form a slag slag 921. After holding the pressure and cooling, the mold is opened and the excess material 92 is removed to obtain the casting 91.

[0079] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 When a semi-solid die casting process is required, if no auxiliary runner is provided, the semi-solid die casting main runner insert 421 replaces the high-pressure die casting main runner insert 411 and is installed in the first installation area A. There is no need to replace the molding insert 412. The hot runner plate 423 replaces the pressure chamber 413 and is installed on the fixed mold base plate 11. A distribution pipe 424 is used to connect the hot runner plate 423 and the semi-solid die casting main runner insert 421 as needed. After the fixed mold 1 and moving mold 2 are closed, the semi-solid metal material enters the hot runner plate 423 and flows smoothly and laminarly into the cavity 3 via the distribution pipe 424 and the semi-solid die casting horizontal runner 4211. Excess gas and impurities enter the slag venting structure 6 to form a slag 921. After pressure holding and cooling, the mold is opened, and the remaining material 92 is removed to obtain the casting 91.

[0080] As one example, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The die-casting equipment includes a fastening structure 7, which is installed on the fixed mold base plate 11 and the moving mold base plate 21. The number and installation position of the fastening structures 7 are not limited. The fastening structures 7 are used to fix the die-casting mold. The fastening structure 7 can be a detachable structure with a certain connection strength, such as a locking pin or a bolt.

[0081] As one embodiment, the die-casting mold includes an ejector structure 8 located in the moving mold 2 for ejecting the casting 91 after the fixed mold 1 and the moving mold 2 separate.

[0082] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A die-casting mold, characterized in that, include: Fixed mold; The moving mold, the fixed mold and the moving mold together form a cavity after the mold is closed, the cavity being used to form a casting; The gating assembly includes a high-pressure die-casting gating assembly and a semi-solid die-casting gating assembly, wherein the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly and the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly are at least partially replaceable and mounted to the fixed mold. When the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly is installed on the fixed mold and the mold is closed, the internal flow channel of the high-pressure die-casting gating assembly is connected to the cavity and is used to guide the liquid metal material into the cavity. When the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly is installed on the fixed mold and the mold is closed, the internal flow channel of the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly is connected to the cavity and is used to guide the semi-solid metal material into the cavity.

2. The die-casting mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed mold has a first installation area. The high-pressure die casting gating assembly includes a high-pressure die casting main gating insert, which forms a high-pressure die casting horizontal gating. The semi-solid die casting gating assembly includes a semi-solid die casting main gating insert, which forms a semi-solid die casting horizontal gating. The high-pressure die casting main gating insert and the semi-solid die casting main gating insert are interchangeably installed in the first installation area of ​​the fixed mold.

3. The die-casting mold according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-pressure die-casting main gating block and the semi-solid die-casting main gating block have the same outer contour shape and size.

4. The die-casting mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure die-casting gating assembly includes a molding insert, and the semi-solid die-casting gating assembly includes an auxiliary gating insert. The auxiliary gating insert forms a semi-solid die-casting auxiliary horizontal gating. The fixed mold has a second mounting area, and the molding insert and the auxiliary gating insert are interchangeably mounted in the second mounting area of ​​the fixed mold.

5. The die-casting mold according to claim 4, characterized in that, The molding insert and the auxiliary sprue insert have the same outer contour shape and size.

6. The die-casting mold according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixed mold includes a fixed mold base plate, a fixed mold frame, and a fixed mold core. The fixed mold base plate is disposed on the side of the fixed mold frame away from the moving mold, and the fixed mold core is disposed on the side of the fixed mold frame facing the moving mold. The first mounting area is formed in the fixed mold core, and the high-pressure die-casting main runner insert and the semi-solid die-casting main runner insert are interchangeably mounted in the fixed mold core.

7. The die-casting mold according to claim 6, characterized in that, The high-pressure die casting gating assembly includes a hollow pressure chamber, the internal space of which is an injection cavity. The semi-solid die casting gating assembly includes interconnected hot runner plates and multiple distribution pipes, which connect the semi-solid die casting main gating insert and the hot runner plates. When the high-pressure die casting inlet assembly is installed on the fixed mold, one end of the pressure chamber passes through the fixed mold plate and the fixed mold frame, and is inserted into the fixed mold core to mate with the high-pressure die casting main runner insert. When the semi-solid die casting gating assembly is installed in the fixed mold, the hot runner plate is housed in the fixed mold base plate, and the distribution pipe passes through the fixed mold frame and is inserted into the fixed mold core to mate with the semi-solid die casting main gating insert.

8. The die-casting mold according to claim 7, characterized in that, The installation position of the pressure chamber interferes with the installation position of the hot runner plate, so that the pressure chamber and the hot runner plate are selectively installed on the fixed mold.

9. The die-casting mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The die-casting mold includes one or more slag venting structures, which are formed by the fixed mold and the moving mold after they are closed, and are connected to the cavity; at least one of the slag venting structures is disposed at the filling flow end of the cavity in the high-pressure die-casting process and at the filling flow end of the cavity in the semi-solid die-casting process.

10. The die-casting mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed mold has a first installation area, and the cavity includes a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity. The first cavity is connected to the second cavity and the third cavity. The first cavity is flat and is used to form the thin plate part of the casting. The second cavity and the third cavity are connected to the same end of the first cavity and are arranged at intervals in a first direction. The three cavities enclose the first installation area.

11. The die-casting mold according to claim 10, characterized in that, The die-casting mold includes multiple slag venting structures. The second cavity is provided with the slag venting structure at one end away from the first cavity, and the third cavity is provided with the slag venting structure at one end away from the first cavity. The first cavity is provided with the slag venting structure at one end away from the second cavity and the third cavity.

12. A die-casting equipment, characterized in that, Includes the die-casting mold as described in any one of claims 1-11.

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