Centrifugal Force Adaptive Adjustment Three-Jaw Chuck with Built-in Dynamic Balancing Correction Block and Method

Abstract

This invention discloses a centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck and method with a built-in dynamic balancing correction block, relating to the technical field. The chuck includes a base, on which a clamping mechanism is provided for clamping a workpiece to be processed. The clamping mechanism includes a centrifugal assembly, comprising a limiting plate fitted and mounted on the base, a connecting rod inserted above the limiting plate, a limiting block fixedly mounted above the limiting plate, a connecting rod movably mounted on one side of the limiting block, sliders movably mounted at both ends of the connecting rod, a jaw movably mounted at the top of the connecting rod, and a centrifugal block movably mounted at the bottom of the connecting rod. During low-speed startup, an external air source enters the cylinder through a guide ring, pushing the piston rod to move axially, thereby causing the jaws to radially clamp the workpiece. Simultaneously, a limiting spring, in conjunction with a guide rod and a positioning pin, constrains the initial position of the jaws, ensuring a stable clamping foundation for the workpiece during low-speed operation, thus solving the problem of insufficient clamping force during startup.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of injection mold technology, specifically to a centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck and method with built-in dynamic balancing correction blocks. Background Technology

[0002] Centrifugal chucks are rotary clamping devices that automatically clamp workpieces using centrifugal force, primarily used in various rotary machining applications. During equipment operation, as the spindle speed increases, the clamping components inside the chuck generate radial clamping force due to centrifugal action. This force securely locks the workpiece, ensuring synchronous rotation between the workpiece and the spindle. These chucks feature a simple structure, reliable response, and are suitable for high-speed equipment operation, meeting the requirements for stable workpiece clamping in continuous rotary machining.

[0003] The existing invention patent with publication number CN103056408A discloses a three-jaw centrifugal self-centering chuck, including a chuck body, jaws, a centrifugal shaft, a screw plug shaft, a centrifugal roller sleeve, and a fixed shaft. The chuck body has three evenly distributed straight grooves on its end face and three evenly distributed oblique grooves on its circumference. The chuck body also has three evenly distributed fixed shaft holes and a central hole inside. The jaws are placed in the straight grooves, and each oblique groove has an internally threaded hole parallel and symmetrical to the center line of the oblique groove surface. The screw plug shaft is screwed into the internally threaded hole of the chuck body via an external thread, and a spring is fitted on the screw plug shaft. The jaws have grooves through which the centrifugal shaft passes and is installed in the oblique groove of the chuck body. The centrifugal shaft has internal holes at both ends, through which it is fitted onto the screw plug shaft. The fixed shaft passes through the fixed shaft hole and the inner hole of the jaw and is tightly fitted into the chuck body. This invention is easy to use, reduces labor intensity, improves production efficiency, shortens equipment manufacturing cycle, reduces costs, and improves processing accuracy.

[0004] Based on the aforementioned existing technologies, in existing clamping devices, traditional centrifugal clamping methods suffer from insufficient centrifugal force during the low-speed start-up phase, making it difficult to provide reliable clamping force to the workpiece and resulting in poor stability during the start-up process. Hydraulic clamping methods are easily affected by centrifugal force during high-speed rotation, causing the distribution of hydraulic medium to shift, which in turn causes fluctuations in clamping force and reduces clamping reliability. In addition, under high-speed rotation, changes in clamping state and uneven force distribution can cause the center of mass of the rotating system to shift. Existing dynamic balancing adjustment methods are mostly delayed or static compensation, which cannot respond quickly to real-time changes in imbalance, thus affecting the overall rotation accuracy and operational safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck and method with built-in dynamic balancing correction blocks. This solves the problems of insufficient centrifugal clamping force in traditional rotary clamping devices at low speeds, unstable clamping force of hydraulic clamping under high-speed rotation conditions due to centrifugal force, and inability of traditional dynamic balancing systems to compensate in real time due to changes in the center of mass during high-speed rotation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a centrifugal force adaptive adjustment three-jaw chuck with a built-in dynamic balancing correction block, comprising a base, wherein a clamping mechanism is disposed above the base for clamping the workpiece to be processed, the clamping mechanism comprising: A centrifugal assembly includes a limiting plate fitted and mounted on a base. A connecting rod is inserted above the limiting plate. A limiting block is fixedly mounted above the limiting plate. A connecting rod is movably mounted on one side of the limiting block. Slider blocks are movably mounted at both ends of the connecting rod. A gripper is movably mounted at the top of the connecting rod. A centrifugal block is movably mounted at the bottom of the connecting rod. A ball bearing plate is fixedly mounted on the outside of the gripper and the centrifugal block. A guide rod is inserted at the bottom of the centrifugal block, and a limiting spring is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod. A positioning post is fixedly mounted at one end of the guide rod. A guide plate is fixedly mounted above the limiting block. The pneumatic component, located on the outside of the centrifugal component, drives the gripper by air pressure when rotating at low speed. An adjustment component, located between the limit plate and the guide plate, is used to adjust the dynamic balance; The power supply component, located outside the adjustment component, is used for powering rotation.

[0007] Preferably, both the limiting plate and the guide plate are fan-shaped structures with grooves on both sides. The connecting rod has cylindrical protrusions on both sides of its bend that are rotatably connected to the limiting block via copper sleeves. The connecting rod and the sliders at its upper and lower ends are rotatably connected via copper sleeves. The sliders at the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod are respectively fitted into the through-hole structures on the surfaces of the grippers and centrifugal blocks, and the sliders at the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod are slidably connected to the corresponding grippers and centrifugal blocks. The grippers and centrifugal blocks have rectangular protrusions on both sides that match the groove structures on the sides of the guide plate and the limiting plate. The grippers and centrifugal blocks are slidably connected to the guide plate and the limiting plate via ball bearing plates. One end of the guide rod passes through the base, and the other end is connected to the cylindrical protrusion at the center of the top of the base via a positioning post. One end of the limiting spring abuts against the positioning post, and the other end abuts against the centrifugal block.

[0008] Preferably, the pneumatic assembly includes a connecting ring fixed to the outside of the limiting plate, clamps fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the connecting ring, a guide ring fixedly installed between the clamps, and a solenoid valve fixedly installed on one side of the guide ring. A cylinder is inserted into the inner side of the connecting ring, and a piston rod is slidably installed inside the cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the clamping plate and the connecting ring are rotatably connected, the clamping plates on the upper and lower sides of the connecting ring are fixed to the guide ring by bolts, the two sides of the guide ring are provided with pipe structures for air intake and exhaust, and the inner wall of the guide ring does not contact the outer wall of the connecting ring.

[0010] Preferably, the guide ring, the connecting ring, and the upper and lower side clamps together form an annular air supply cavity, the outer end of the cylinder body is connected to the cavity between the guide ring and the connecting ring, the piston rod and the cylinder body are slidably connected, and the inner end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the clamping claw.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a support plate fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting rod, a stepper motor fixedly installed on the top of the support plate, a lead screw connected to the end of the shaft of the stepper motor, a counterweight movably installed on the outside of the lead screw, a ball bearing slide fixedly installed on the bottom of the counterweight, a guide rail embedded below the ball bearing slide, a conductive brush movably installed on the outside of the support plate, and support springs sleeved on both sides of the conductive brush.

[0012] Preferably, the support plate is installed between the limiting plate and the guide plate in a triangular arrangement via connecting rods. The two ends of the lead screw are connected to the support plate by self-lubricating copper sleeves to form a rotatable connection. The counterweight is connected to the lead screw by a thread. The guide rail is fixed above the support plate. The counterweight is slidably connected to the guide rail via a ball bearing support plate. The conductive brush has a plastic plate with columnar structures on both sides on its rear side. The support spring is sleeved on the outside of the columnar protrusions on both sides of the conductive brush, with one end abutting against the plastic plate on the back of the conductive brush and the other end abutting against the support plate.

[0013] Preferably, the power supply component includes a limiting ring disposed on the outside of the base, a high-frequency ranging module is fixedly installed on the inner side of the limiting ring, and a power supply slip ring is fixedly installed inside the limiting ring.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the limiting ring is provided with triangularly distributed support legs for fixing by bolts, the high-frequency ranging module is installed on the inner side of each support leg of the limiting ring, the inner side of the top of the limiting ring is provided with an annular groove, and the power supply slip ring is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the annular groove at the top of the limiting ring.

[0015] Preferably, the present invention also discloses a method for using a centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with a built-in dynamic balancing correction block, comprising the following steps: S1. When installing the workpiece, the pneumatic component is not working. Adjust the position of the grippers in the centrifugal component to install the workpiece between the grippers. S2. After clamping and positioning are completed, the pneumatic component is supplied with air by an external air compressor or other air source to drive the centrifugal component to clamp the workpiece and maintain clamping stability at low speed. S3. At high speed, the centrifugal component provides clamping force to the gripper through centrifugal force, maintaining clamping stability at high speed. S4. During rotation, the power supply component supplies power to the adjustment component and monitors the rotational sway. S5. The rotational yaw rate adjustment component based on power supply component monitoring adjusts the weight distribution of the chuck to correct dynamic balance.

[0016] Beneficial effects This invention provides a three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction blocks and a method for adaptive centrifugal force adjustment. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: 1. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck and method with built-in dynamic balance correction block, by setting a clamping mechanism above the base and a pneumatic component outside the centrifugal assembly, wherein the connecting ring is embedded between the clamping plates and fixed to the outside of the limiting plate, the cylinder is inserted into the connecting ring and communicates with the guide ring and the annular air supply chamber, and the inner end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the jaws; during low-speed start-up, the external air source enters the cylinder through the guide ring to drive the piston rod to move axially, thereby driving the jaws to radially clamp the workpiece, and at the same time, the limiting spring, together with the guide rod and the positioning column, constrains the initial position of the jaws, so that the workpiece obtains a stable clamping foundation in the low-speed stage, thereby solving the problem of insufficient clamping force in the start-up stage; 2. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck and method with built-in dynamic balance correction block, by setting a centrifugal component between the limiting plate and the guide plate, wherein the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected to the gripper and the centrifugal block through sliders, and the upper and lower connecting rods form a parallelogram transmission structure with the gripper and the centrifugal block respectively. The centrifugal block is slidably connected to the guide rod through a self-lubricating copper sleeve. During the speed increase, the centrifugal block is displaced along the direction of the guide rod under the action of centrifugal force, and the force is transmitted to the gripper through the connecting rod, so that the gripper gradually obtains additional clamping force on the basis of pneumatic clamping, thereby improving the clamping stability at high speed. 3. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck and method with built-in dynamic balance correction block, by setting an adjustment component between the limit plate and the guide plate, and installing a stepper motor and a lead screw on the support plate, the counterweight is threaded on the outside of the lead screw and slides with the guide rail through a ball bearing slide, while the conductive brush keeps in contact with the power supply slip ring under the action of the support spring; in the power supply component, the high-frequency ranging module is installed on the inside of the limit ring support leg and points towards the base, which is used to detect the radial runout of the base in real time and feed the signal back to the stepper motor to control the counterweight to move radially, thereby dynamically adjusting the mass distribution, realizing real-time dynamic balance compensation under high-speed rotation, and improving rotational stability and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the limiting block of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the connecting rod and the base of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod mounting structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the limiting spring of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate mounting structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the guide ring installation structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the piston rod and the gripper of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight installation structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the contact structure between the power supply slip ring and the conductive brush of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Clamping mechanism; 21. Centrifugal assembly; 211. Limiting plate; 212. Connecting rod; 213. Limiting block; 214. Connecting rod; 215. Slider; 216. Gripper; 217. Centrifugal block; 218. Ball bearing support plate; 219. Guide rod; 2110. Limiting spring; 2111. Positioning post; 2112. Guide plate; 22. Pneumatic assembly; 221. Connecting ring; 222. Clamp 223. Plate; 224. Guide ring; 225. Solenoid valve; 226. Cylinder body; 227. Piston rod; 23. Adjustment component; 231. Support plate; 232. Stepper motor; 233. Lead screw; 234. Counterweight; 235. Ball bearing slide; 236. Guide rail; 237. Conductive brush; 238. Support spring; 24. Power supply component; 241. Limit ring; 242. High-frequency ranging module; 243. Power supply slip ring. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 The present invention provides a technical solution: A centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck and method with built-in dynamic balancing correction blocks includes a base 1, and a clamping mechanism 2 is arranged above the base 1 for clamping the workpiece to be processed. The clamping mechanism 2 includes: The centrifugal assembly 21 includes a limiting disk 211 fitted and mounted above the base 1. A connecting rod 212 is inserted and mounted above the limiting disk 211. A limiting block 213 is fixedly mounted above the limiting disk 211. A connecting rod 214 is movably mounted on one side of the limiting block 213. Slider blocks 215 are movably mounted at both ends of the connecting rod 214. A gripper 216 is movably mounted at the top of the connecting rod 214. A centrifugal block 217 is movably mounted at the bottom of the connecting rod 214. A ball bearing support plate 218 is fixedly installed on the outside of the centrifugal block 217. A guide rod 219 is inserted into the bottom of the centrifugal block 217, and a limit spring 2110 is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod 219. A positioning post 2111 is fixedly installed at one end of the guide rod 219. A guide plate 2112 is fixedly installed above the limit block 213. Both the limit plate 211 and the guide plate 2112 are fan-shaped structures with grooves on both sides. The connecting rod 214 has grooves on both sides at the bend. A cylindrical protrusion is rotatably connected to the limiting block 213 via a copper sleeve. The connecting rod 214 is rotatably connected to the sliders 215 at the upper and lower ends via copper sleeves. The sliders 215 at the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod 212 are respectively fitted into the through-hole structures on the surfaces of the gripper 216 and the centrifugal block 217, and the sliders 215 at the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod 212 are slidably connected to the corresponding gripper 216 and centrifugal block 217. The gripper 216 and centrifugal block 217 are provided with rectangular protrusions on both sides that match the groove structures on the sides of the guide plate 2112 and the limiting plate 211. The gripper 216 and centrifugal block 217 are slidably connected to the guide plate 2112 and the limiting plate 211 via ball bearing support plate 218. One end of the guide rod 219 passes through the base 1, and the other end is connected to the cylindrical protrusion at the top center of the base 1 via the positioning post 2111. One end of the limiting spring 2110 abuts against the positioning post 2111 and the other end abuts against the centrifugal block 217.

[0029] Specifically, the limiting plate 211 and guide plate 2112 are both fan-shaped structures, totaling three pieces. A guide groove is opened at the center of the non-arc vertical plane on each side to cooperate with the ball bearing support plate 218 to restrict the movement trajectory of the gripper 216 and centrifugal block 217, thereby achieving radial directional guidance and positional constraint. The entire centrifugal assembly 21 consists of three sets of structural units arranged in an equilateral triangle along the radial direction of the base 1. Each set includes two connecting rods 214, two limiting blocks 213, one gripper 216, and one centrifugal block 217. The limiting block 213 is fixed between the limiting plate 211 and the guide plate 2112 via the connecting rod 212. The rotation fulcrum of the connecting rod 214 is located at the hinge position between the center and the limiting block 213. The centrifugal block 217 is heavier than the gripper 216. The gripper 216 has a mounting hole at its bottom to accommodate the cylinder 225, and a weight-reducing recessed structure on its side to optimize mass distribution. Both the centrifugal block 217 and the gripper 216 have through grooves on their surfaces that mate with the slider 215, allowing the slider 215 to achieve a stable sliding connection under the action of the connecting rod 214. The two connecting rods 214 form a parallelogram mechanism with the gripper 216 at the upper part and with the centrifugal block 217 at the lower part. During rotation, the centrifugal force generated by the centrifugal block 217 drives the connecting rods 214 to rotate, causing the gripper 216 to tend to move towards the center. Simultaneously, the limiting spring 2110, through its cooperation with the guide rod 219 and the positioning post 2111, stably constrains the position of the gripper 216 before the intervention of air pressure and centrifugal force. The centrifugal block 217 is slidably connected to the guide rod 219 via a self-lubricating copper sleeve to reduce frictional resistance.

[0030] A pneumatic assembly 22, located outside the centrifugal assembly 21, drives the gripper 216 via air pressure during low-speed rotation. The pneumatic assembly 22 includes a connecting ring 221 fixed to the outside of the limiting plate 211. Clamping plates 222 are fixedly mounted at both ends of the connecting ring 221, and a guide ring 223 is fixedly mounted between the clamping plates 222. A solenoid valve 224 is fixedly mounted on one side of the guide ring 223. A cylinder 225 is inserted into the inner side of the connecting ring 221, and a piston rod 226 is slidably mounted inside the cylinder 225. The clamping plates 222 and the connecting ring 221 form a rotating... The connecting ring 221 is connected to the upper and lower clamping plates 222, which are fixed to the guide ring 223 by bolts. The guide ring 223 has a pipe structure for air intake and exhaust on both sides. The inner wall of the guide ring 223 does not contact the outer wall of the connecting ring 221. The guide ring 223, the connecting ring 221 and the upper and lower clamping plates 222 together form an annular air supply cavity. The outer end of the cylinder 225 is connected to the cavity between the guide ring 223 and the connecting ring 221. The piston rod 226 is slidably connected to the cylinder 225. The inner end of the piston rod 226 is fixedly connected to the clamping claw 216.

[0031] Specifically, the guide ring 223 is fixedly connected to the upper and lower clamping plates 222. The connecting ring 221 is embedded between the clamping plates 222 and fixed to the outside of the guide plate 2112, so that the connecting ring 221 rotates with the base 1. The structure of the guide ring 223 itself is relatively fixed to the limiting ring 241 through the outer protrusion. There is a certain amount of space between the outer protrusion of the guide ring 223 and the top protrusion of the limiting ring 241 to avoid the sway affecting the limiting ring 241. The base 1 is fixed to the machine tool spindle. Under the drive of the machine tool, the connecting ring 221 rotates accordingly. The outer side of the guide ring 223 is provided with a protrusion structure distributed in an isosceles triangle, which is embedded in the top of the limiting ring 241 to achieve relative positioning constraint. Pipe structures are provided on both sides of the guide ring 223. A solenoid valve 224 is provided at the end of one pipe for exhaust and pressure release when needed, thereby realizing the switching of the pneumatic drive state of the gripper 216. The guide ring 223, the connecting ring 221 and the upper and lower clamping plates 222 together form an annular air supply cavity. The external air source enters the cylinder 225 through this cavity and pushes the piston rod 226 to slide axially within the cylinder 225. The inner end of the piston rod 226 is fixedly connected to the gripper 216, thereby realizing the pneumatic driving clamping function of the gripper 216 at low speed.

[0032] Adjustment component 23, located between limit plate 211 and guide plate 2112, is used to adjust dynamic balance. Adjustment component 23 includes a support plate 231 fixedly mounted on the outside of connecting rod 212. A stepper motor 232 is fixedly mounted above the support plate 231. A lead screw 233 is connected to the end of the shaft of the stepper motor 232. A counterweight 234 is movably mounted on the outside of the lead screw 233. A ball bearing slide 235 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the counterweight 234. A guide rail 236 is embedded below the ball bearing slide 235. A conductive brush 237 is movably mounted on the outside of the support plate 231. Support springs 238 are sleeved on both sides of the conductive brush 237. 1. The connecting rods 214 are installed in a triangular arrangement between the limiting plate 211 and the guide plate 2112. The two ends of the lead screw 233 are connected to the support plate 231 through self-lubricating copper sleeves to form a rotating connection. The counterweight 234 is connected to the lead screw 233 through a thread. The guide rail 236 is fixed above the support plate 231. The counterweight 234 is connected to the guide rail 236 through the ball bearing plate 218 to form a sliding connection. The conductive brush 237 has a plastic plate with columnar structures on both sides on the rear side. The support spring 238 is sleeved on the outside of the columnar protrusions on both sides of the conductive brush 237, with one end abutting against the plastic plate on the back of the conductive brush 237 and the other end abutting against the support plate 231.

[0033] Specifically, the adjustment component 23 is divided into three structural units, which are arranged in an isosceles triangle and correspond to the spatial distribution of the connecting rod 214 in the centrifugal component 21, located on both sides of the same diameter. The stepper motor 232 is fixed on the support plate 231, and its output shaft is connected to the lead screw 233. The counterweight 234 is installed on the outside of the lead screw 233 through a threaded pair and can move axially under the rotation of the lead screw 233. At the same time, the bottom of the counterweight 234 forms a sliding support structure with the guide rail 236 through the ball bearing slide plate 235 to reduce frictional resistance. The conductive brush 237 is set on the outside of the support plate 231, and an insulating plastic plate is set on its back. Behind the plastic plate is a cylindrical protrusion structure that forms a sliding connection with the support plate 231. The support spring 238 is sleeved on the outside of the cylindrical protrusion. Through the elastic force, the conductive brush 237 always maintains reliable contact with the power supply slip ring 243, thereby ensuring a continuous supply of electrical energy during rotation. The adjustment component 23 can drive the counterweight 234 to move radially based on the detected yaw information, thereby achieving dynamic correction of the mass distribution of the rotating system.

[0034] The power supply component 24 is located outside the adjustment component 23 and is used for rotational power supply. The power supply component 24 includes a limiting ring 241 located outside the base 1. A high-frequency ranging module 242 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the limiting ring 241. A power supply slip ring 243 is fixedly installed inside the limiting ring 241. The bottom of the limiting ring 241 is provided with triangularly distributed support legs for fixing by bolts. The high-frequency ranging module 242 is installed on the inner side of each support leg of the limiting ring 241. An annular groove is provided on the inner side of the top of the limiting ring 241. The power supply slip ring 243 is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the annular groove at the top of the limiting ring 241.

[0035] Specifically, the limiting ring 241 is individually fixed to the external structure via three legs arranged in an equilateral triangle, and is not directly connected to the machine tool spindle, thus achieving independent support installation. The high-frequency ranging module 242 is also configured as three sets, installed inside each leg, with the ranging direction pointing towards the base 1, used to detect the radial runout change of the base 1 during rotation in real time. A power supply slip ring 243 is installed inside the limiting ring 241 to continuously supply power to the stepper motor 232 during rotation. During system operation, the rotation angle of the base 1 is derived from the angle feedback signal of the machine tool spindle, and synchronous control is achieved through the machine tool's built-in angle output. This allows the runout data collected by the high-frequency ranging module 242 to correspond with the rotation phase information, enabling real-time monitoring of the eccentricity state and providing control basis for the adjustment component 23.

[0036] This invention also discloses a method for using a centrifugal force adaptive adjustment three-jaw chuck with a built-in dynamic balancing correction block, comprising the following steps: S1. When installing the workpiece, the pneumatic component 22 does not work. Adjust the position of the gripper 216 in the centrifugal component 21 to install the workpiece between the gripper 216. S2. After clamping and positioning are completed, the pneumatic component 22 is supplied with air by an external air compressor or other air source to drive the centrifugal component 21 to clamp the workpiece and maintain clamping stability at low speed. S3. In high-speed mode, the centrifugal component 21 provides clamping force to the gripper 216 through centrifugal force to maintain clamping stability in high-speed mode. S4. During rotation, the power supply component 24 supplies power to the adjustment component 23 and monitors the rotational sway. S5. The rotational yaw rate adjustment component 23, based on the monitoring of the power supply component 24, adjusts the weight distribution of the chuck to correct the dynamic balance.

[0037] Specifically, the stepper motor 232 is a NEMA17 with an integrated TMC5130 Wi-Fi stepper motor driver module, and the high-frequency ranging module 242 is a Keyence LJ-V. The stepper motor 232 is a NEMA17 type stepper motor with an integrated TMC5130 Wi-Fi stepper motor driver module, used to receive control commands sent by the external control unit and drive the lead screw 233 to rotate, thereby driving the counterweight 234 to move radially to achieve mass distribution adjustment. The high-frequency ranging module 242 is a Keyence LJ-V series, used to collect the radial runout of the base 1 in real time and transmit the detection signal to the external control unit. The control unit can be an industrial computer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), or an embedded controller based on STM32. It is used to receive the yaw data output by the high-frequency ranging module 242, perform real-time calculation and processing on the yaw amount, generate the corresponding displacement control quantity, and send it to the TMC5130 drive module of the stepper motor 232 via wireless communication, thereby controlling the NEMA17 stepper motor to execute the forward and reverse movement of the lead screw 233 to realize the radial position adjustment of the counterweight 234.

[0038] Furthermore, any content not described in detail in this specification is existing technology known to those skilled in the art.

[0039] During operation, in the clamping stage, the limit spring 2110 provides stable constraint on the position of the gripper 216 before the intervention of air pressure and centrifugal force.

[0040] In the low-speed phase, the clamping mechanism 2 above the base 1 clamps the gripper 216 via the pneumatic assembly 22. During low-speed rotation, an external air source enters the cylinder 225 through the guide ring 223, pushing the piston rod 226 to slide axially, causing the gripper 216 to move radially, thus clamping the workpiece under pneumatic pressure. The guide ring 223 is relatively fixed to the top of the limiting ring 241 through its outer protrusion. The solenoid valve 224 is used for exhaust and pressure release, thereby switching the pneumatic drive state of the gripper 216. With the cooperation of the limiting spring 2110, the guide rod 219, and the positioning pin 2111, the gripper 216 maintains a stable initial position, ensuring that the gripper 216 can accurately move radially to complete the workpiece clamping when pneumatic intervention occurs.

[0041] During the transition phase, as the machine tool speed gradually increases, the centrifugal assembly 21 begins to generate additional clamping force. The centrifugal block 217 generates centrifugal force during rotation, which is transmitted through the connecting rod 214, causing the gripper 216 to tend to move towards the center. The centrifugal block 217 is slidably connected to the guide rod 219 via a self-lubricating copper sleeve. The connecting rod 214 forms a parallelogram structure vertically; the upper part forms a parallelogram mechanism with the gripper 216, and the lower part forms a parallelogram mechanism with the centrifugal block 217, ensuring the centrifugal force is smoothly transmitted and providing additional force to the gripper 216 under high-speed conditions. The guide grooves on the limiting plate 211 and the guide plate 2112, as well as the ball bearing plate 218, provide radial guidance and positional constraint for the movement trajectories of the gripper 216 and the centrifugal block 217.

[0042] During the high-speed phase, once the rotational speed reaches the set value, the centrifugal component 21 continues to provide additional clamping force to the gripper 216, thereby enhancing the clamping effect, while the pneumatic component 22 maintains its basic clamping state. The adjustment component 23, based on the yaw data collected by the high-frequency ranging module 242, drives the lead screw 233 via the stepper motor 232 to move the counterweight 234 radially, adjusting the mass distribution of the rotating system and achieving dynamic correction of the eccentricity. The conductive brush 237 maintains contact with the power supply slip ring 243 via the support spring 238, providing continuous power to the stepper motor 232. The limit ring 241 is independently fixed by the support legs, and the high-frequency ranging module 242 monitors the radial yaw of the base 1 in real time, ensuring that the adjustment component 23 can promptly compensate for rotational imbalance, achieving coordinated operation of low-speed stable clamping, high-speed centrifugal force enhancement, and dynamic balance control.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction block, characterized in that: The base (1) includes a clamping mechanism (2) disposed above the base (1) for clamping the workpiece to be processed. The clamping mechanism (2) includes: The centrifugal assembly (21) includes a limiting plate (211) fitted and mounted above the base (1). A connecting rod (212) is inserted above the limiting plate (211). A limiting block (213) is fixedly mounted above the limiting plate (211). A connecting rod (214) is movably mounted on one side of the limiting block (213). Slider blocks (215) are movably mounted at both ends of the connecting rod (214). A gripper (216) is movably mounted at the top end of the connecting rod (214). (214) has a centrifugal block (217) movably installed at the bottom end. The gripper (216) and the outer side of the centrifugal block (217) are fixedly installed with a ball bearing plate (218). A guide rod (219) is inserted through the bottom of the centrifugal block (217), and a limiting spring (2110) is sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod (219). A positioning post (2111) is fixedly installed at one end of the guide rod (219), and a guide plate (2112) is fixedly installed above the limiting block (213). The pneumatic component (22) is located on the outside of the centrifugal component (21) and drives the gripper (216) by air pressure when rotating at low speed. An adjustment component (23) is located between the limit plate (211) and the guide plate (2112) for adjusting dynamic balance; The power supply component (24) is located outside the adjustment component (23) and is used for rotational power supply.

2. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction block according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the limiting plate (211) and the guide plate (2112) are fan-shaped structures with grooves on both sides. The connecting rod (214) has cylindrical protrusions on both sides of the bend that are rotatably connected to the limiting block (213) via copper sleeves. The connecting rod (214) and the sliders (215) at the upper and lower ends are rotatably connected via copper sleeves. The sliders (215) at the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod (212) are respectively fitted into the through-hole structures on the surfaces of the gripper (216) and the centrifugal block (217), and the sliders (215) at the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod (212) are respectively connected to the corresponding gripper (216) and the centrifugal block (217) to form a sliding connection. Next, rectangular protrusions matching the side groove structure of the guide plate (2112) and the limiting plate (211) are provided on both sides of the gripper (216) and the centrifugal block (217). The gripper (216) and the centrifugal block (217) are slidably connected to the guide plate (2112) and the limiting plate (211) respectively through the ball bearing plate (218). One end of the guide rod (219) passes through the base (1), and the other end is connected to the cylindrical protrusion at the top center of the base (1) through the positioning post (2111). One end of the limiting spring (2110) abuts against the positioning post (2111), and the other end abuts against the centrifugal block (217).

3. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic assembly (22) includes a connecting ring (221) fixed to the outside of the limiting plate (211). The upper and lower ends of the connecting ring (221) are fixedly installed with clamping plates (222). A guide ring (223) is fixedly installed between the clamping plates (222). A solenoid valve (224) is fixedly installed on one side of the guide ring (223). A cylinder body (225) is inserted into the inner side of the connecting ring (221). A piston rod (226) is slidably installed inside the cylinder body (225).

4. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction block according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping plate (222) and the connecting ring (221) are rotatably connected. The clamping plates (222) on the upper and lower sides of the connecting ring (221) are fixed with the guide ring (223) by bolts. The guide ring (223) has pipe structures for air intake and exhaust on both sides. The inner wall of the guide ring (223) does not contact the outer wall of the connecting ring (221).

5. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction block according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide ring (223), the connecting ring (221), and the upper and lower side clamps (222) together form an annular air supply cavity. The outer end of the cylinder (225) is connected to the cavity between the guide ring (223) and the connecting ring (221). The piston rod (226) is slidably connected to the cylinder (225). The inner end of the piston rod (226) is fixedly connected to the clamp (216).

6. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (23) includes a support plate (231) fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting rod (212). A stepper motor (232) is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate (231). A lead screw (233) is connected to the end of the shaft of the stepper motor (232). A counterweight (234) is movably installed on the outside of the lead screw (233). A ball bearing slide (235) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the counterweight (234). A guide rail (236) is embedded below the ball bearing slide (235). A conductive brush (237) is movably installed on the outside of the support plate (231). Support springs (238) are sleeved on both sides of the conductive brush (237).

7. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction block according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support plate (231) is installed in a triangular arrangement between the limiting plate (211) and the guide plate (2112) via connecting rods (214). The two ends of the lead screw (233) are connected to the support plate (231) by a self-lubricating copper sleeve to form a rotating connection. The counterweight (234) is connected to the lead screw (233) by a thread. The guide rail (236) is fixed above the support plate (231). The counterweight (234) is connected to the guide rail (236) by a ball bearing plate (218). The conductive brush (237) has a plastic plate with columnar structures on both sides on the rear side. The support spring (238) is sleeved on the outside of the columnar protrusions on both sides of the conductive brush (237), with one end abutting against the plastic plate on the back of the conductive brush (237) and the other end abutting against the support plate (231).

8. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply component (24) includes a limiting ring (241) disposed on the outside of the base (1), a high-frequency ranging module (242) is fixedly installed on the inside of the limiting ring (241), and a power supply slip ring (243) is fixedly installed inside the limiting ring (241).

9. The centrifugal force adaptive adjustment type three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction block according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the limiting ring (241) is provided with triangularly distributed support legs for fixing by bolts. The high-frequency ranging module (242) is installed on the inner side of each support leg of the limiting ring (241). The inner side of the top of the limiting ring (241) is provided with an annular groove. The power supply slip ring (243) is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the annular groove at the top of the limiting ring (241).

10. A method for using a three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction blocks and centrifugal force adaptive adjustment, employing the three-jaw chuck with built-in dynamic balancing correction blocks as described in claims 1-9, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. When installing the workpiece, the pneumatic component (22) does not work. Adjust the position of the gripper (216) in the centrifugal component (21) to install the workpiece between the gripper (216); S2. After clamping and positioning are completed, the pneumatic component (22) supplies air through an external air compressor or other air source to drive the centrifugal component (21) to clamp the workpiece and maintain clamping stability at low speed. S3. In high-speed mode, the centrifugal component (21) provides clamping force to the gripper (216) through centrifugal force to maintain clamping stability in high-speed mode; S4. During rotation, the power supply component (24) supplies power to the adjustment component (23) and monitors the rotational sway. S5. The rotational yaw rate adjustment component (23) based on the power supply component (24) adjusts the weight distribution of the chuck to correct the dynamic balance.

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