Emulsion pump crankshaft turning and grinding device

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field of fixing mechanisms for lathe grinding equipment, specifically disclosing a lathe grinding device for an emulsion pump crankshaft, comprising: a three-jaw chuck for connecting to the main shaft of the lathe grinding equipment, an inner liner component disposed on the three-jaw chuck, and a clamping component for connecting to the feed end of the lathe grinding equipment. The inner liner component includes an arc-shaped inner liner plate and a liner strip. The arc-shaped inner liner plate is detachably mounted on the three-jaw chuck, and the liner strip is slidably disposed along the radial direction of the arc-shaped inner liner plate. An inner groove is formed on the side of the workpiece facing the three-jaw chuck, and the size of the inner groove matches the size of the liner strip. The clamping component includes a positioning plate and clamping claws, with multiple clamping claws evenly distributed along the circumference of the positioning plate. The axial driving force output from the feed end of the lathe grinding equipment pushes the movable plate to move, and the axial force is converted into radial force by a pushing component, forcing the clamping claws to contract centripetally, thereby clamping the workpiece in conjunction with the positioning plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of grinding equipment fixing mechanisms, specifically to a grinding device for an emulsion pump crankshaft. Background Technology

[0002] The crankshaft of an emulsion pump is a key load-bearing component in the pump's transmission system. Its machining quality affects the pump's operational stability, plunger transmission accuracy, and overall service life. Crankshafts typically require turning and grinding processes to form journals, end profiles, and local mating surfaces. During machining, it is crucial to ensure stable positioning of the crankshaft in the axial, radial, and circumferential directions. Due to the complex end structures, numerous protruding parts, high machining datum requirements, and relatively thin local wall thicknesses or stress areas of crankshaft-type workpieces, unstable clamping methods can easily lead to runout, vibration, or localized deformation during turning and grinding, thus affecting machining accuracy.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN112025433A discloses an integral crankshaft and crankpin grinding automatic positioning fixture. The above technical solution includes a disc-shaped fixture body, with a detachable locking part on the upper part of the fixture body and a detachable guide part on the lower part of the fixture body. The guide part has a detachable positioning part, which can lock the crankshaft axially and circumferentially to meet the positioning requirements in crankpin grinding.

[0004] While the aforementioned technical solutions and existing crankshaft machining fixtures can position or lock the crankshaft, when machining the two ends or locally protruding areas of the emulsion pump crankshaft, relying solely on external circumferential clamping can easily lead to interference between the clamping position and the tool's movement space. This usually requires changing the clamping position to complete machining of different areas. Conversely, relying solely on internal support or unidirectional expansion can easily cause deformation of the crankshaft ends or locally weak areas under the combined action of clamping and machining forces. Especially when the ends have multiple extended protrusions and coaxiality and circumferential reference need to be ensured, existing fixtures struggle to simultaneously achieve circumferential positioning, internal and external support, and tool avoidance. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device suitable for machining emulsion pump crankshafts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a crankshaft grinding device for an emulsion pump, which aims to solve the problem that clamping fixtures used for workpiece processing in related technologies are difficult to hold stably and effectively when processing workpieces.

[0006] A crankshaft grinding device for an emulsion pump includes a three-jaw chuck for connecting to the main shaft of the grinding equipment, an inner liner component mounted on the three-jaw chuck, and a clamping component for connecting to the feed end of the grinding equipment. The inner liner component includes an arc-shaped inner liner plate and a liner strip. The arc-shaped inner liner plate is detachably mounted on the three-jaw chuck, and the liner strip is slidably reset along the radial direction of the arc-shaped inner liner plate. An inner groove is formed on the side of the workpiece facing the three-jaw chuck, and the size of the inner groove matches the size of the liner strip so that the liner strip slides into the groove when the arc-shaped inner liner plate rotates. The inner groove; the clamping components include a positioning plate and clamping claws. Multiple clamping claws are evenly distributed around the circumference of the positioning plate and slide along the radial direction of the positioning plate. An elastic element is provided between the clamping claws and the positioning plate. A movable plate slides along the axial direction of the positioning plate. A pushing element is installed between the clamping claws and the movable plate. When the movable plate abuts against the clamping claws, the clamping claws move toward the center of the positioning plate and clamp the workpiece. When the movable plate disengages from the clamping claws, the clamping claws move away from the axis of the positioning plate under the elastic force of the elastic element.

[0007] Its effects are as follows: During processing, one end of the workpiece is supported by the inner liner. When the fixture rotates, the compressed liner pops out and locks into the groove after aligning with the inner groove of the workpiece, achieving circumferential positioning. The other end of the workpiece is fixed by the clamping component. The axial driving force output from the feed end of the turning and grinding equipment pushes the movable plate to move. The pushing component converts the axial force into radial force, forcing the clamping jaws to contract concentrically. This, in conjunction with the positioning plate, achieves clamping and fixation of the workpiece. The inner liner solves the problem of circumferential positioning of the workpiece. The clamping component uses the axial movement of the turning and grinding equipment itself to achieve radial clamping, resulting in a compact structure. In particular, the cooperation between the inner support of the positioning plate and the outer clamping of the clamping jaws effectively prevents the thin-walled workpiece from deforming under the clamping force, ensuring machining accuracy. At the same time, the movable plate only bears the axial thrust transmission, and the clamping jaws only bear the radial clamping action, making the action boundaries between axial feed, radial clamping, and circumferential positioning clearer, reducing the risk of sway caused by mixed force directions during the turning and grinding process.

[0008] Preferably, a guide groove is formed on the outer periphery of the arc-shaped inner liner plate, and the liner slides along the depth direction of the guide groove. A compression spring is provided between the liner and the bottom wall of the guide groove. One end of the compression spring is connected to the liner, and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the guide groove. During the processing, when the three-jaw chuck drives the arc-shaped inner liner plate to rotate, the workpiece rotates synchronously with the tooling. When the inner groove of the workpiece rotates to the position corresponding to the liner, the edge of the inner groove first contacts the chamfer at the top of the liner. Due to the inclined design of the chamfer, the force exerted by the edge of the inner groove on the liner will be decomposed into a component force along the depth direction of the guide groove. This component force, together with the elastic force of the compression spring, pushes the liner to slide along the guide groove towards the inner groove, so that the liner slides smoothly into the inner groove. Under the radial guidance of the guide groove and the elastic force of the compression spring, the fit between the liner and the inner groove is more stable, ensuring that the workpiece will not rotate circumferentially during processing. This provides a reliable positioning basis for subsequent cutting processes. The compression spring provides the liner with a constant outward elastic force, and the guide groove restricts the movement trajectory of the liner, enabling the liner to have automatic reset and ejection functions. When the inner groove is not aligned, the liner can retract to avoid interference; once aligned, the compression spring immediately pushes the liner into the inner groove, achieving automatic positioning and locking without manual intervention, thus improving clamping efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, the top two sides of the liner are chamfered so that when the inner groove of the workpiece rotates to the position to engage with the liner, the liner can smoothly enter the inner groove of the workpiece. This chamfer design effectively avoids jamming or positioning deviation caused by direct collision between the edge of the inner groove and the right-angled edge of the top of the liner, ensuring that the liner can be accurately engaged in the inner groove and achieve circumferential positioning of the workpiece. The chamfer provides a guide slope, which converts the rotational force into a downward component force or a smooth guiding action when the liner contacts the edge of the inner groove, avoiding rigid collision or jamming between the liner and the edge of the inner groove. This not only makes the grooving process smoother but also reduces wear on components and extends the service life of the tooling.

[0010] Preferably, the positioning disk has a radially formed mounting groove. The elastic element includes a thrust spring and a movable rod. The movable rod is slidably disposed in the mounting groove, and the thrust spring is installed between the movable rod and the inner bottom wall of the mounting groove. The clamping claw is connected to the movable rod. The movable rod guides the radial movement of the clamping claw in the mounting groove, and the thrust spring provides a reverse restoring force. The restoring mechanism is built into the positioning disk, resulting in a compact structure that effectively protects the spring from the influence of chips while ensuring the straightness and stability of the radial movement of the clamping claw.

[0011] Preferably, multiple grooves are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the positioning disk, and the grooves are opened along the axial direction of the positioning disk. A slider is provided at the bottom of the movable plate, and the slider is slidably disposed within the groove. A return spring is installed between the slider and the inner wall of the groove, with one end of the return spring connected to the inner wall of the groove and the other end connected to the slider. The groove provides precise guidance for the axial movement of the movable plate, ensuring that the movable plate can slide along the axial direction of the positioning disk under the axial driving force of the turning and grinding equipment, avoiding failure of the pusher component due to misalignment. When the driving force disappears, the elastic force of the return spring drives the slider to slide in the opposite direction along the groove, so that the movable plate returns to its initial position, realizing automatic reset without manual intervention and improving clamping efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the pushing component includes a pushing block and a pushing groove. The pushing block is fixedly mounted on the movable plate, and the pushing groove is formed on the clamping claw. The pushing groove has an inclined groove and a horizontal groove. The inclined groove is inclined upward from left to right, and the horizontal groove is located to the right of the inclined groove and connected to the inclined groove. During the process of the pushing block moving from the inclined groove to the horizontal groove, when it slides along the inclined surface, the pushing block is subjected to axial thrust. The radial component force is generated through the wedge structure, which drives the clamping claw to move towards the axis of the positioning plate to realize the clamping action. The design of the inclined groove utilizes the principle of inclined surface force transmission, which can obtain a large radial clamping force under a small axial thrust, which saves operating force and achieves a strong and reliable clamping effect. When the pushing block enters the horizontal groove, since the contact surface of this section is parallel to the axis, no radial component force is generated, and the radial position of the clamping claw is fixed and will not change due to the continued movement of the axial position. The horizontal groove plays a key role in "mechanical self-locking". Even if the axial thrust fluctuates slightly or weakens slightly during the processing, the clamping jaw can still maintain a stable radial position, thereby effectively ensuring the consistency of workpiece dimensions and the reliability of the process. The overall structure, through the cooperation of the inclined groove and the horizontal groove, not only achieves an efficient and labor-saving clamping process, but also ensures the stability and safety of the clamping system during continuous processing.

[0013] Preferably, the clamping jaws include a clamping section and an abutting section. The clamping section extends toward the three-jaw chuck to clamp the outer periphery of the workpiece. The movable plate abuts against the abutting section. The diameter of the positioning plate is adapted to the inner diameter of the workpiece on the side closest to the positioning plate. The clamping section presses against the outer wall of the workpiece, and the positioning plate supports the inner wall of the workpiece. This is the key to preventing workpiece deformation. The positioning plate, as a rigid inner core, works in conjunction with the external clamping jaws to effectively resist processing forces, preventing thin-walled parts from being flattened or vibrating during processing, and significantly improving the roundness and surface quality of the workpiece.

[0014] Preferably, the push block and the push groove are fitted with a clearance so that after the push block loses its thrust, it resets under the action of the return spring; the reserved clearance allows relative sliding between the components and accommodates lubricating oil, preventing the mechanism from jamming due to thermal expansion during processing or the entry of fine chips, and ensuring the flexibility of the tooling operation and the reliability of repeated use.

[0015] Preferably, the workpiece end has multiple extending protrusions, and the positioning plate has multiple clearance grooves, allowing the machining tool of the turning and grinding equipment to extend into the clearance grooves to machine the sides of the extending protrusions. The clearance grooves provide the tool with movement space beyond the workpiece contour, solving the problem of interference with the tool path caused by traditional fixtures. This allows the tool to pass through the extending protrusion area of ​​the workpiece for all-around machining, completing the finishing of complex ends without secondary clamping, greatly improving production efficiency and coaxiality accuracy.

[0016] Preferably, a connecting shaft is installed on one side of the positioning plate, and the connecting shaft is connected to the feed end of the turning and grinding equipment. A bearing is installed between the positioning plate and the connecting shaft. The connecting shaft transmits the axial support force of the feed end of the turning and grinding equipment. The bearing allows the positioning plate to rotate with the workpiece or relative to the connecting shaft, ensuring the follow-up support accuracy of the positioning plate, reducing friction and heat generation, and making it suitable for high-precision machining environments.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The clamping component incorporates a locating disc and clamping jaws. The outer diameter of the locating disc precisely matches the inner diameter of the workpiece, providing rigid inner wall support. Simultaneously, the clamping jaws apply pressure from the outside towards the center, clamping the workpiece from the outside. This avoids the inward deformation or polygonal deformation of thin-walled workpieces caused by external clamping alone, and also avoids the workpiece's outer wall being suspended and vibrating under machining forces due to internal clamping alone. When machining extended protrusions at the workpiece ends, these protrusions are typically cantilevered structures and prone to deformation. The clamping points of this fixture are close to the machining area and supported both internally and externally, greatly improving the rigidity of the extended protrusions and ensuring dimensional accuracy and geometric tolerances after machining.

[0018] 2. A clearance groove is provided on the positioning plate at the position corresponding to the workpiece's extended protrusion. When machining the side, root, or chamfer of the extended protrusion, the cutting tool tip of the turning and grinding equipment can penetrate the workpiece wall thickness and extend into the clearance groove on the positioning plate. This not only avoids collision between the cutting tool and the fixture body but also allows parts that might otherwise require two clamping operations to be machined in a single clamping operation. This significantly improves machining efficiency, eliminates datum errors caused by multiple clamping operations, and greatly enhances the coaxiality of the product.

[0019] 3. The radial clamping is driven by the axial movement of the feed end of the turning and grinding equipment. When the push block passes through the inclined groove, the axial thrust is amplified into radial clamping force using the wedge principle. When the push block enters the horizontal groove, the radial position of the clamping jaws is locked. Even if the axial thrust of the turning and grinding equipment fluctuates, or the machining force generates a huge reaction force, the clamping jaws will not radially retract or loosen. This self-locking function greatly improves the safety of the machining process.

[0020] 4. The inner lining component adopts an elastic liner design. During the clamping process, the operator does not need to visually align the inner groove of the workpiece with the liner. Simply start the three-jaw chuck to rotate slowly. When the liner rotates to the position of the inner groove of the workpiece, it will automatically pop out and lock into the groove under the action of the compression spring. With the chamfer guide at the end of the liner, the circumferential positioning of the workpiece becomes simple, which greatly shortens the auxiliary clamping time of the workpiece. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner lining component of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning disk and clamping claw of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning disk and clearance groove of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the positioning disk of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable plate, the groove, and the slider of the present invention.

[0028] Figure label: 1. Inner lining component; 11. Guide groove; 12. Compression spring; 13. Liner strip; 14. Chamfer; 15. Arc-shaped inner lining plate; 2. Clamping component; 21. Positioning plate; 22. Clamping claw; 221. Clamping section; 222. Abutment section; 23. Elastic element; 231. Thrust spring; 232. Movable rod; 233. Mounting groove; 3. Movable plate; 31. Slide groove; 32. Slider; 33. Return spring; 4. Pushing component; 41. Pushing block; 42. Pushing groove; 421. Horizontal groove; 422. Inclined groove; 5. Clearance groove; 6. Inner groove; 7. Extension protrusion; 8. Three-jaw chuck; 9. Connecting shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides a crankshaft grinding device for an emulsion pump, including a three-jaw chuck 8 for connecting to the main shaft of the grinding equipment, an inner liner 1 disposed on the three-jaw chuck 8, and a clamping component 2 for connecting to the feed end of the grinding equipment. The inner liner 1 is disposed at one end of the workpiece via the three-jaw chuck 8, and the clamping component 2 is disposed at the other end of the workpiece. The two are distributed along the axial direction of the workpiece and act on the two end regions of the workpiece respectively. By disposing of the inner liner 1 and the clamping component 2 at the two ends of the workpiece respectively, the workpiece is effectively constrained in the axial, radial and circumferential directions after clamping.

[0031] In this embodiment, the workpiece can be understood as the end section to be machined of the crankshaft of the emulsion pump. The inner groove 6 can be a positioning groove for circumferential positioning at the end of the crankshaft, and the extended protrusion 7 can be a connecting protrusion, positioning protrusion, or end contour protrusion formed at the end of the crankshaft to be turned or ground. By mates the inner groove 6 at the end of the crankshaft with the liner 13 and aligns the extended protrusion 7 at the end of the crankshaft with the clearance groove 5, the device can be made suitable for continuous machining of the crankshaft end contour, end outer circle, and locally protruding areas without changing the main structure of the original turning and grinding equipment.

[0032] The inner liner component 1 is integrally mounted on the three-jaw chuck 8 and rigidly connected to the three-jaw chuck 8 via bolts, screws, or other detachable connection methods. This mounting method ensures that the inner liner component 1 rotates synchronously with the three-jaw chuck 8 after assembly, avoiding clamping errors caused by relative rotation during machining. Furthermore, this connection method facilitates the replacement of the inner liner component when machining workpieces of different specifications, improving the adaptability and versatility of the device.

[0033] The inner liner component 1 mainly includes an arc-shaped inner liner plate 15, a liner strip 13, a guide groove 11, and a compression spring 12. The arc-shaped inner liner plate 15 is arranged around the axis of the three-jaw chuck 8, and its outer side forms an arc-shaped support surface that matches the shape of the inner wall of the workpiece. After the arc-shaped inner liner plate 15 is installed, its radial position maintains a stable correspondence with the central axis of the three-jaw chuck 8, thereby providing continuous and uniform radial support for the inner wall of the workpiece during the workpiece rotation process, effectively preventing the workpiece from sagging or swaying due to its own weight, processing force, or rotational inertia.

[0034] The outer contour of the arc-shaped inner liner 15 is used to fit close to the inner wall of the workpiece end. The arc-shaped inner liner 15 serves both as radial support and as the mounting base for the liner 13. When the workpiece end is fitted onto the outer side of the arc-shaped inner liner 15, the arc-shaped inner liner 15 can restrict the radial movement of the workpiece end relative to the three-jaw chuck 8, so that the workpiece maintains a stable support state in both low-speed positioning and high-speed machining stages.

[0035] The guide groove 11 is formed on the arc-shaped inner liner plate 15 and extends radially along the inner liner plate 15. The groove wall of the guide groove 11 is integrally formed with the arc-shaped inner liner plate 15 through a one-piece machining process, ensuring that the guide groove 11 has sufficient structural strength and dimensional accuracy. The main function of the guide groove 11 is to mechanically limit the movement direction of the liner 13, so that the liner 13 can only make reciprocating linear motion in the radial direction during operation, structurally preventing the liner 13 from tilting, rotating or shifting laterally.

[0036] The liner 13 is slidably installed in the guide groove 11, forming a sliding fit between the liner 13 and the guide groove 11. To ensure the stability of the liner 13 during sliding, the outer dimensions of the liner 13 match the cross-sectional dimensions of the guide groove 11, so that the liner 13 will not wobble significantly within the guide groove 11, nor will it affect its normal expansion and contraction due to excessive tightness. A compression spring 12 is disposed within the guide groove 11, with one end fixed to the bottom wall of the guide groove 11 and the other end fixedly connected to the liner 13, thereby forming an elastic connection between the liner 13 and the arc-shaped inner liner plate 15.

[0037] During clamping, the liner 13, under the action of the compression spring 12, always tends to extend towards the inner wall of the workpiece. When the workpiece is not yet aligned with the liner 13, the inner wall of the workpiece applies a radial compressive force to the liner 13, causing the liner 13 to retract inward along the guide groove 11. The compression spring 12 is compressed and stores elastic potential energy. This retraction process is completely constrained by the structure of the guide groove 11, and the liner 13 will not undergo displacement in an unexpected direction, thereby avoiding structural interference or wear.

[0038] When the workpiece rotates with the three-jaw chuck 8 to the position corresponding to the inner groove 6 and the liner 13, the radial compressive force on the liner 13 is significantly reduced. The compression spring 12 releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the liner 13 to move radially outward along the guide groove 11 and into the inner groove 6. Since the guide groove 11 strictly limits the movement trajectory of the liner 13, the liner 13 can only maintain a radially extended state after entering the inner groove 6, and there will be no oblique pressing or rebound phenomenon, thereby ensuring that the liner 13 can be stably inserted into the inner groove 6 and achieve reliable circumferential positioning.

[0039] To further improve the smoothness and reliability of the liner 13 entering the inner groove 6, chamfers 14 are provided on both sides of the top of the liner 13. The chamfers 14 form a guide slope when the liner 13 contacts the edge of the inner groove 6, converting part of the tangential force generated by the workpiece rotation into a radial component of the liner 13 along the guide groove 11, thereby guiding the liner 13 smoothly into the inner groove 6 and avoiding unstable situations such as the liner 13 getting stuck at the groove edge, partially jammed, or jammed. Through the above structural design, the inner liner component 1 can automatically position the workpiece circumferentially without manual intervention, improving clamping efficiency and reducing operational difficulty.

[0040] After the liner 13 mates with the inner groove 6, one side of the liner 13 can abut against the groove wall of the inner groove 6, thereby limiting the circumferential deflection of the workpiece relative to the arc-shaped inner liner 15. During turning or grinding, even if the machining tool exerts intermittent machining force on the extended protrusion 7, the liner 13 can still maintain its engagement with the inner groove 6, preventing the workpiece from shifting at an angle due to the machining torque, and keeping the machining reference of the end protrusion area consistent.

[0041] The clamping component 2 is located at the end of the workpiece furthest from the inner liner component 1. The clamping component 2 mainly includes a positioning disk 21, clamping jaws 22, a movable plate 3, and a pushing component 4. The positioning disk 21 is connected to the feed end of the turning and grinding equipment via a connecting shaft 9. A bearing is provided between the positioning disk 21 and the connecting shaft 9, so that the positioning disk 21 can passively rotate with the workpiece and maintain good coaxiality and rotational smoothness, thereby providing a stable reference datum for the radial movement of the clamping jaws 22.

[0042] The connecting shaft 9 is mainly used to receive the axial thrust output from the feed end of the turning and grinding equipment. The bearing is set between the connecting shaft 9 and the positioning plate 21, so that the positioning plate 21 can passively rotate with the workpiece when it is internally supporting the workpiece. As a result, the feed end only needs to provide axial pushing and axial holding forces, while the rotational power of the workpiece is still transmitted by the three-jaw chuck 8. This can avoid speed interference between the feed end and the spindle and reduce the relative friction between the positioning plate 21 and the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0043] The clamping claws 22 are slidably disposed along the radial direction of the positioning disk 21 and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the positioning disk 21. This circumferentially distributed structural design allows multiple clamping claws 22 to move synchronously toward the axis of the positioning disk 21 during the clamping process, thereby forming a uniform and continuous circumferential clamping force on the outer periphery of the workpiece, avoiding the uneven force problem commonly found in traditional single-point or few-point clamping methods.

[0044] The clamping claw 22 is slidably mounted in the mounting groove 233 on the positioning plate 21 via the movable rod 232. The mounting groove 233 limits the direction of movement of the movable rod 232, ensuring that the clamping claw 22 always moves along a predetermined radial path during clamping and releasing. A thrust spring 231 is disposed between the movable rod 232 and the bottom wall of the mounting groove 233, and is used to push the clamping claw 22 to automatically return to its original position after the clamping force is released, thereby preventing the clamping claw 22 from remaining in the clamping position due to friction or residual stress.

[0045] The movable plate 3 is slidably disposed along the axial direction of the positioning disk 21. Multiple sliders 32 are disposed at the bottom of the movable plate 3, and the sliders 32 are slidably mounted within the axially extending grooves 31 on the outer periphery of the positioning disk 21. The grooves 31 guide the sliders 32, ensuring that the movable plate 3 can only move axially during force application, preventing radial offset or tilting, thus guaranteeing the stability of the pusher 4 under force during operation. A return spring 33 is disposed between the sliders 32 and the grooves 31; after the axial thrust is removed, the return spring 33 drives the movable plate 3 to automatically return to its initial position.

[0046] In its initial state, the movable plate 3 is located on the side closest to the workpiece end face, and the return spring 33 keeps the movable plate 3 in a position that facilitates workpiece insertion. When the feed end pushes the positioning plate 21 closer to the workpiece, the workpiece end face or the force-bearing surface adjacent to the workpiece end face first contacts the movable plate 3, and then the movable plate 3 moves along the axial extension direction of the slide groove 31. The cooperation between the slide groove 31 and the slider 32 can limit the circumferential swing of the movable plate 3, ensuring that the push block 41 will not be deviated or jammed when entering the push groove 42.

[0047] The pushing component 4 includes a pushing block 41 and a pushing groove 42. The pushing block 41 is fixedly mounted on the movable plate 3, and the pushing groove 42 is mounted on the clamping claw 22. The pushing groove 42 includes two functional sections: an inclined groove 422 and a horizontal groove 421. When the movable plate 3 moves under the action of axial thrust, the pushing block 41 first enters the inclined groove 422. Under the action of the inclined surface, the axial thrust borne by the movable plate 3 is converted into a radial component force acting on the clamping claw 22, thereby pushing the clamping claw 22 to move synchronously towards the axis of the positioning disk 21, thus achieving the clamping of the workpiece.

[0048] As the push block 41 further enters the horizontal groove 421, the contact direction between the push block 41 and the push groove 42 becomes parallel to the axis, and no longer generates radial force. At this point, the clamping jaw 22 remains in the predetermined radial position, and the clamping state is stably maintained. This structure provides a clear termination position for the clamping process, effectively preventing the clamping jaw 22 from increasing the clamping force indefinitely due to the continued movement of the movable plate 3, thereby preventing excessive squeezing and deformation of thin-walled workpieces.

[0049] The inclined groove 422 is used to form the clamping process, and the horizontal groove 421 is used to form the holding process. When the push block 41 is located in the inclined groove 422, the radial displacement of the clamping jaw 22 gradually increases with the axial displacement of the movable plate 3; after the push block 41 enters the horizontal groove 421, the clamping jaw 22 no longer moves inward, thereby limiting over-clamping. This engagement relationship enables the clamping jaw 22 to apply a stable and controllable clamping force to the workpiece, reducing the risk of local indentation or deformation at the crankshaft end due to excessive clamping force.

[0050] After clamping, the outer surface of the positioning disk 21 forms an internal support relationship with the inner wall of the workpiece. The clamping claws 22 apply radial clamping force to the workpiece from the outside. The internal support and the external clamping cooperate with each other to keep the thick wall area of ​​the workpiece in a state of force balance. Through this internal and external cooperative support structure, even if the direction of the machining force changes during the turning and grinding process, the workpiece can still maintain a stable shape under multi-directional constraint, thereby effectively improving machining accuracy and consistency.

[0051] When machining the end of a workpiece with an extended protrusion 7, the clearance groove 5 provided on the positioning plate 21 provides the necessary movement space for the cutting tool, allowing the tool to enter the clearance groove 5 to machine the side or root of the extended protrusion 7 without structural interference with the clamping component 2. Since the root region of the extended protrusion 7 is close to the clamping area and is simultaneously constrained by the inner liner component 1 and the clamping claw 22, its structural rigidity is significantly improved, thus making it less prone to vibration or deformation during machining.

[0052] The position of the clearance groove 5 corresponds to the distribution of the extended protrusions 7. The clearance groove 5 not only provides space for the machining tool to enter, but also provides a safe distance for local clearances generated during turning or grinding. When the tool is machining the side, root transition surface or end outer edge of the extended protrusion 7, the tool can cross the boundary of the extended protrusion 7 and enter the clearance groove 5 area, thereby preventing the positioning plate 21 from blocking the tool path and enabling the end protrusion structure to be machined in a single clamping state.

[0053] Even under conditions of high-speed rotation, long-term continuous processing, and heat generation during processing, the inner liner component 1 and the clamping component 2 can still maintain a stable fit. The guide groove 11, slide groove 31, and mounting groove 233 clearly define the movement direction of each moving component. The compression spring 12, thrust spring 231, and return spring 33 provide continuous preload and reset for the moving components, enabling each component to automatically compensate for minor displacements under conditions such as thermal expansion and vibration impact, thus avoiding clamping failure.

[0054] In use, the inner liner 1 primarily provides radial support and circumferential positioning near the three-jaw chuck 8, while the clamping component 2 primarily establishes an inner support and outer clamping relationship away from the three-jaw chuck 8. Together, they form a support system spanning both ends of the workpiece. This support system reduces the overhang length of long shafts or irregularly shaped crankshafts during machining, minimizes vibration amplification during turning and grinding, and ensures better coaxiality and dimensional consistency of the workpiece end contours after machining.

[0055] Working principle: The operator or robot moves the workpiece to be processed into the turning and grinding equipment. First, one end of the workpiece is placed on the arc-shaped inner liner plate 15 of the inner liner component 1. At this time, since the liner strip 13 is in an extended state under the action of elasticity, the operator only needs to roughly align the position and does not need to precisely align the groove. At the same time, the feed end of the turning and grinding equipment moves forward, extending the positioning plate 21 of the clamping component 2 into the inner cavity of the workpiece end, and aligning the extended protrusion 7 with the relief groove 5. At this time, the clamping claw 22 is in an open state, the movable plate 3 is not pressed, and the workpiece is allowed to be easily inserted. Before loading the workpiece, the clamping jaws 22 can be positioned in an open position away from the axis of the positioning disk 21, and the movable plate 3 can be positioned in its initial position under the action of the return spring 33. At this time, the outer surface of the positioning disk 21 can smoothly enter the inner cavity of the workpiece end, and the clamping jaws 22 will not press against the outer circumference of the workpiece in advance, which facilitates the workpiece to be inserted axially and complete the initial placement.

[0056] The control system of the milling machine instructs the feed end to continue feeding towards the three-jaw chuck 8. First, the end face of the workpiece contacts the movable plate 3 on the clamping component 2. As the feed end continues to advance, the workpiece is pushed to the left until the left end face of the workpiece is tightly against the axial positioning surface of the arc-shaped inner liner plate 15, thus establishing the axial reference. At this time, the feed end continues to apply thrust. Since the position of the workpiece has been fixed, the movable plate 3 is forced to slide to the right relative to the positioning plate 21. The sliding of the movable plate 3 drives the push block 41 into the push groove 42 on the clamping jaw 22. The push block 41 first passes through the inclined groove 422. Under the wedge action of the inclined surface, the push block 41 forces all the clamping jaws 22 to overcome the elastic force of the thrust spring 231 and move towards the center. The inner surface of the clamping jaw 22 contacts the outer wall of the workpiece and begins to apply clamping force. At the same time, the outer circular surface of the positioning plate 21 supports the inner wall of the workpiece. The workpiece wall is clamped between the positioning plate 21 and the clamping jaws 22. When the pushing block 41 slides into the horizontal groove 421 of the pushing groove 42, the clamping action is completed and locked. At this time, no matter how the machining force fluctuates, the clamping jaws 22 will not loosen. During the aforementioned feeding process, the connecting shaft 9 transmits the axial thrust from the feed end to the positioning disk 21 and the movable plate 3. The positioning disk 21 first forms an inner support for the inner wall of the workpiece end, and then the movable plate 3 slides relative to the positioning disk 21 and drives the push block 41 to move. Since a bearing is provided between the positioning disk 21 and the connecting shaft 9, the positioning disk 21 can still rotate with the workpiece under pressure, thus taking into account axial pushing, radial support, and rotational following during the clamping and subsequent processing stages.

[0057] At this point, the workpiece has been clamped, but the circumferential angle may not be aligned yet. The liner 13 may be pressed against the inner wall of the workpiece and has not entered the inner groove 6. The main shaft of the turning and grinding equipment starts and drives the three-jaw chuck 8 to rotate at a low speed. The three-jaw chuck 8 drives the arc-shaped inner liner 15 and the workpiece to rotate together. When the rotation reaches a certain angle and the liner 13 is facing the inner groove 6 of the workpiece, the compressed spring 12 releases energy instantly and springs the liner 13 into the inner groove 6. At this point, the workpiece is completely locked in the circumferential direction relative to the tooling.

[0058] When the liner 13 has not entered the inner groove 6, it is in a retracted state under the action of the inner wall of the workpiece and will not hinder the workpiece from continuing to rotate at low speed. Before the liner 13 enters the inner groove 6, the arc-shaped inner liner 15 drives the workpiece to rotate at low speed by contact friction with the inner wall of the workpiece end and the axial clamping force applied by the feed end. When the inner groove 6 passes the position of the liner 13, the compression spring 12 pushes the liner 13 into the inner groove 6, and the liner 13 and the inner groove 6 form a mechanical limit. This low-speed positioning process does not require manual repeated alignment of the crankshaft end angle, which can reduce the clamping auxiliary time.

[0059] When the spindle is started to the machining speed, the tool turns or grinds the outer circle of the middle part of the workpiece. Due to the double internal support of the arc-shaped inner liner plate 15 and the positioning plate 21, the thin-walled workpiece is not prone to chatter. When the tool moves to the end of the workpiece to process the extension protrusion 7, the tool path is planned to pass through the avoidance groove 5 on the positioning plate 21. The tool cuts the side and end face of the extension protrusion 7. Since the space below the tool tip is the avoidance groove 5, the tool will not collide with the positioning plate 21. More importantly, although the extension protrusion 7 is a cantilever structure, because its root is clamped by the clamping claw 22 and the positioning plate 21, and the clamping point is very close to the machining area, the bending deformation of the extension protrusion 7 under the action of machining force is minimal, ensuring dimensional accuracy. During the turning stage, the turning tool can feed along the workpiece axially or radially to cut the outer diameter, end face, or side of the extended protrusion 7. During the grinding stage, the grinding wheel can approach the surface to be ground along a preset trajectory to perform fine grinding on the end mating surface or local contour surface. Since the two ends of the workpiece are supported by the inner liner 1 and the clamping component 2 respectively, the machining force is less likely to cause radial displacement at the end of the workpiece, which is beneficial for controlling the turning allowance and grinding allowance.

[0060] After processing is completed, the spindle stops and the feed end retracts. As the axial thrust is removed, the movable plate 3 slides in the opposite direction under the action of the return spring 33. The push block 41 exits the horizontal groove 421 of the push groove 42 and returns to the inclined groove 422, eventually disengaging. After losing thrust, the clamping claw 22 resets outward under the action of the thrust spring 231, releasing the outer wall of the workpiece. The operator removes the processed workpiece. The liner 13 automatically pops out and resets when the workpiece is removed, waiting for the next clamping.

[0061] During the reset process, the movable plate 3 first retracts under the action of the reset spring 33, causing the push block 41 to gradually exit the push groove 42. The clamping claw 22 then opens outward under the action of the thrust spring 231. Since the movable plate 3 and the clamping claw 22 are reset by different elastic elements, it can prevent the clamping claw 22 from getting stuck before the movable plate 3 has retracted, and it can also prevent the workpiece from being forcibly pulled out and scratched when the clamping claw 22 is not open.

[0062] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crankshaft turning and grinding device for an emulsion pump, comprising a three-jaw chuck (8) for connection to the main shaft of the turning and grinding equipment, an inner liner (1) disposed on the three-jaw chuck (8), and a clamping component (2) for connection to the feed end of the turning and grinding equipment, characterized in that: The inner lining component (1) includes an arc-shaped inner lining plate (15) and a liner (13). The arc-shaped inner lining plate (15) is detachably mounted on a three-jaw chuck (8). The liner (13) is slidably set in a returnable manner along the radial direction of the arc-shaped inner lining plate (15). An inner groove (6) is provided on the side of the workpiece facing the three-jaw chuck (8). The size of the inner groove (6) matches the size of the liner (13) so that when the arc-shaped inner lining plate (15) rotates, the liner (13) slides into the inner groove (6). The clamping component (2) includes a positioning disk (21) and clamping claws (22). Multiple clamping claws (22) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the positioning disk (21) and slide along the radial direction of the positioning disk (21). An elastic element (23) is provided between the clamping claws (22) and the positioning disk (21). A movable plate (3) slides along the axial direction of the positioning disk (21). A pushing element (4) is installed between the clamping claws (22) and the movable plate (3). When the movable plate (3) abuts against the clamping claws (22), the clamping claws (22) move toward the axis of the positioning disk (21) and clamp the workpiece. When the movable plate (3) disengages from the clamping claws (22), the clamping claws (22) move away from the axis of the positioning disk (21) under the elastic force of the elastic element (23).

2. The emulsion pump crankshaft grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A guide groove (11) is provided on the outer periphery of the arc-shaped inner liner (15). The liner (13) slides along the depth direction of the guide groove (11). A compression spring (12) is provided between the liner (13) and the bottom wall of the guide groove (11). One end of the compression spring (12) is connected to the liner (13), and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the guide groove (11).

3. The emulsion pump crankshaft grinding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top two sides of the liner (13) are chamfered (14) so ​​that when the inner groove (6) of the workpiece is rotated to a position that matches the liner (13), the liner (13) can enter the inner groove (6) of the workpiece.

4. The emulsion pump crankshaft grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A mounting groove (233) is provided radially along the positioning plate (21). The elastic element (23) includes a thrust spring (231) and a movable rod (232). The movable rod (232) is slidably disposed in the mounting groove (233). The thrust spring (231) is installed between the movable rod (232) and the inner bottom wall of the mounting groove (233). The clamping claw (22) is connected to the movable rod (232).

5. The emulsion pump crankshaft grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple grooves (31) are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the positioning disk (21). The grooves (31) are opened along the axial direction of the positioning disk (21). A slider (32) is provided at the bottom of the movable plate (3). The slider (32) is slidably disposed in the groove (31). A return spring (33) is installed between the slider (32) and the inner wall of the groove (31). One end of the return spring (33) is connected to the inner wall of the groove (31), and the other end is connected to the slider (32).

6. The emulsion pump crankshaft grinding device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pusher (4) includes a push block (41) and a push groove (42). The push block (41) is fixedly mounted on the movable plate (3). The push groove (42) is opened on the clamping claw (22). The push groove (42) has an inclined groove (422) and a horizontal groove (421). The inclined groove (422) is opened inclined upward from left to right. The horizontal groove (421) is located on the right side of the inclined groove (422) and connected to the inclined groove (422). When the push block (41) moves from the inclined groove (422) to the horizontal groove (421), it pushes the clamping claw (22) to move toward the axis of the positioning disk (21).

7. The emulsion pump crankshaft grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping jaw (22) includes a clamping section (221) and an abutting section (222). The clamping section (221) extends toward the three-jaw chuck (8) to clamp the outer periphery of the workpiece. The movable plate (3) abuts against the abutting section (222). The diameter of the positioning disk (21) is adapted to the inner diameter of the workpiece on the side near the positioning disk (21).

8. The emulsion pump crankshaft grinding device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The push block (41) and the push groove (42) are fitted with a clearance so that after the push block (41) loses its thrust, the push block (41) is reset by the action of the reset spring (33).

9. The emulsion pump crankshaft grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece has multiple extended protrusions (7) at its end, and multiple clearance grooves (5) are provided on the positioning plate (21) so that the machining tool of the turning and grinding equipment can be inserted into the clearance grooves (5) to process the side of the extended protrusions (7).

10. The emulsion pump crankshaft grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting shaft (9) is installed on one side of the positioning plate (21). The connecting shaft (9) is connected to the feed end of the milling equipment. A bearing is installed between the positioning plate (21) and the connecting shaft (9).

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