A surface treatment device for printed circuit boards

Abstract

This invention discloses a surface treatment device for printed circuit boards, relating to the field of circuit board processing technology, including a six-axis robot and a base plate. The six-axis robot has a T-shaped support at its end, with a suction cup at the top and a laser processor at the bottom. The top surface of the base plate has a pair of parallel first slide rails that cooperate with a first slide plate; the outer side of the first slide plate has a pair of parallel second slide rails that cooperate with a second slide plate, and a fixing plate is mounted on the second slide plate on the same side. The fixing plate has a carrying plate for placing the printed circuit board; its top surface has a third slide rail, a first fixing seat, a second fixing seat, and a pair of fourth slide rails at four positions respectively. The third and fourth slide rails cooperate with the third and fourth slide plates respectively to clamp and fix the circuit board. This invention integrates advantages such as automated control, flexible protection, precise transmission, and directional clamping, achieving continuous and efficient surface treatment of circuit boards, balancing accuracy, efficiency, and protection. It is suitable for the fine processing of circuit boards of various sizes, and has strong practicality and versatility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of circuit board processing technology, and in particular to a surface treatment device for printed circuit boards. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, surface treatment of printed circuit boards (PCBs) mostly employs mechanical clamping combined with semi-automatic or fully automatic equipment. Mainstream equipment relies on robots for gripping and transporting, combined with laser and etching processes to achieve surface treatment. Some equipment is equipped with sliding rail mechanisms for station switching, and the overall trend is towards automation and precision. While these devices can meet basic processing needs, most use a single working end and a rigid clamping structure, with relatively conventional transmission and positioning module designs, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high precision and flexible protection.

[0003] Traditional equipment has many shortcomings: the switching between robot gripping and processing stations is prone to interference, resulting in poor work continuity; rigid clamping is extremely easy to damage the surface and corners of printed circuit boards, with poor protection; single-stage slide rail translation is prone to misalignment and interference, insufficient transmission accuracy, and displacement jamming; the clamping actions are not synchronized, the positioning deviation is large, the printed circuit board is not securely fixed, and it cannot be adapted to multiple sizes of boards, resulting in low efficiency for continuous operation and difficulty in meeting the requirements of fine and high-stability processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and to propose a surface treatment device for printed circuit boards.

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A surface treatment device for printed circuit boards includes a six-axis robot and a base plate. The six-axis robot and the base plate are placed side by side on the ground. A T-shaped bracket is fixedly installed at the end of the six-axis robot. A suction cup is fixedly installed at the top of the T-shaped bracket, and a laser processor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the T-shaped bracket. A pair of parallel first slide rails are fixedly installed on the top surface of the base plate. A first slide plate is slidably fitted on the first slide rails. A pair of parallel second slide rails are fixedly installed on the outer side of the first slide plate. A second slide plate is slidably fitted on the second slide rails. A fixing plate is fixedly installed on the top surface of the pair of second slide plates on the same side. A carrying plate is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the fixing plate, and a printed circuit board is placed on the top surface of the carrying plate. A third slide rail, a first fixing seat, a second fixing seat, and a pair of fourth slide rails are fixedly mounted at four positions on the top surface of the fixing plate, respectively. A third sliding plate is slidably mounted on the third slide rail, and a fourth sliding plate is slidably mounted on the fourth slide rail. The third sliding plate, the first fixing seat, the second fixing seat, and the pair of fourth sliding plates form a clamping and fixing mechanism for the printed circuit board.

[0006] Preferably, a pair of fixed shafts are rotatably inserted on both sides of the top surface of the base plate, and a fixed pulley is fixedly sleeved on the top of the fixed shaft. A rectangular through hole is opened in the middle of the top surface of the base plate, and a linkage belt is arranged above the rectangular through hole. The two ends of the linkage belt are respectively sleeved on the pair of fixed pulleys. A fixed connecting plate is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the first slide plate, and the inner end of the fixed connecting plate is fixedly connected to the linkage belt.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom end of the fixed shaft on the right side extends downward and is fixedly fitted with a large-diameter pulley. A fixed bracket is fixedly installed on the right side of the base plate. A servo motor with its output shaft facing downward is fixedly installed inside the fixed bracket. A small-diameter pulley is fixedly fitted at the end of the motor shaft of the servo motor. The small-diameter pulley is connected to the large-diameter pulley via a drive belt.

[0008] Preferably, a pair of symmetrically distributed limiting sliding holes are provided on the front and rear sides of the top surface of the base plate. The limiting sliding holes are divided into a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, and a fifth section from left to right. The first section and the fifth section are symmetrically distributed on the same horizontal line, while the second section and the fourth section are obliquely symmetrically distributed.

[0009] Preferably, a T-shaped connecting plate is fixedly provided between a pair of second sliding plates on the same side. A pulley shaft is rotatably inserted into the outer end of the T-shaped connecting plate, and a limiting pulley is fixedly sleeved at the bottom end of the pulley shaft. The limiting pulley is slidably fitted in a limiting sliding hole on the corresponding side.

[0010] Preferably, the first fixed base is provided with a pair of first sliding holes, a first sliding rod is slidably inserted into the first sliding hole, a first spring is fixedly provided at the inner end of the first sliding rod, and a first baffle is fixedly provided at the outer end of the pair of first sliding rods; The second fixed base has a pair of second sliding holes, and a second sliding rod is slidably inserted into the second sliding hole. A second spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the second sliding rod, and a second stop is fixedly installed at the outer end of the second sliding rod.

[0011] Preferably, the third sliding plate has a pair of third sliding holes, a third sliding rod is slidably inserted into the third sliding holes, a third spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the third sliding rod, and a third stop is fixedly installed at the outer end of the third sliding rod; A connecting horizontal plate is fixedly installed between a pair of fourth sliding plates located on the same side. A pair of fourth sliding holes are provided on the connecting horizontal plate. A fourth sliding rod is slidably inserted into the fourth sliding hole. A fourth spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the fourth sliding rod. A fourth baffle is fixedly installed at the outer end of the pair of fourth sliding rods.

[0012] Preferably, a pair of symmetrically distributed L-shaped limiting plates are fixedly provided on the front and rear sides of the top of the base plate. The inner side of the L-shaped limiting plate is provided with a limiting notch, which is divided into a first notch edge, a second notch edge, a third notch edge, a fourth notch edge and a fifth notch edge from left to right.

[0013] Preferably, a rectangular connecting plate is fixedly provided on the top surface of a pair of fourth sliding plates located on the same side, and a limiting connecting plate is fixedly provided vertically on the left side of the rectangular connecting plate. An oblique pin hole is provided on the limiting connecting plate, and a limiting pin is fixedly provided on the top surface of the third sliding plate. The limiting pin is slidably inserted into the oblique pin hole.

[0014] Preferably, an L-shaped connecting plate is fixedly provided on the outer side of the fixed plate, a T-shaped sliding rod is slidably inserted into the top of the L-shaped connecting plate, the inner end of the T-shaped sliding rod is fixedly connected to the rectangular connecting plate, a tension spring is sleeved on the outer section of the T-shaped sliding rod, a U-shaped bracket is fixedly provided on the outer end of the T-shaped sliding rod, and a positioning pulley is rotatably installed in the opening of the U-shaped bracket, the positioning pulley abutting against the limiting notch on the same side.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In this invention, a six-axis robot with integrated suction cup and laser processor is used to automate the entire process of loading, positioning, processing and unloading. The dual working ends are arranged in a layered layout without interference and the switching process is simple. It takes into account the multi-dimensional driving accuracy and operation flexibility, perfectly adapts to the surface processing trajectory of complex printed circuit boards, and greatly improves the continuity of operation and overall control efficiency. 2. In this invention, a combination design of multiple sets of elastic clamping components is adopted, which uses the buffer force of springs to achieve flexible enclosure and fixation, abandoning the rigid clamping mode; it can not only ensure the stability of the printed circuit board clamping, but also offset the clamping impact force, avoid the board surface squeezing and edge and corner bump damage, and protect the appearance and structural integrity of the printed circuit board throughout the process, adapting to the needs of fine processing protection. 3. In this invention, a two-stage slide rail and a customized limiting slide hole are used in conjunction with a servo motor and variable speed belt drive. The power transmission is stable and slip-free, and the translation speed and displacement distance can be precisely controlled. The double fixed plates can be moved alternately, completely avoiding collision interference during workstation switching. The displacement trajectory is straight and controllable, ensuring precise switching of the printed circuit board workstation. 4. In this invention, by cooperating with the positioning pulley and the segmented limiting notch, combined with the linkage transmission structure, the clamping action is made sequential and stepped; the problems of asynchronous clamping and positioning deviation are solved, the clamping force is adaptively adjusted, the fixing effect is further enhanced, the loosening and displacement of the printed circuit board is prevented, and the positioning accuracy of surface treatment is greatly improved. In summary, this invention integrates multiple core advantages such as automated control, flexible protection, precise transmission, and directional clamping. It not only solves the pain points of interference, jamming, and inaccurate positioning in traditional equipment, but also achieves continuous and efficient surface treatment of printed circuit boards, balancing processing accuracy, work efficiency, and product protection. It is suitable for fine processing scenarios of multi-size printed circuit boards and has strong practicality and versatility. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the base plate of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Another perspective illustration; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Explosion-proof diagram of the structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the base plate and a pair of L-shaped limiting plates of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fixing plate of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Explosion-proof diagram of the structure; In the diagram, the numbers represent: 100, six-axis robot; 101, T-shaped bracket; 102, suction cup; 103, laser processor; 200, base plate; 201, limiting sliding hole; 202, first sliding hole; 203, second sliding hole; 204, third sliding hole; 205, fourth sliding hole; 206, fifth sliding hole; 207, L-shaped limiting plate; 208, limiting notch; 209, first notch edge; 210, second notch edge; 211, third notch edge; 212, fourth notch edge; 213, fifth notch edge; 300, first slide rail; 301, first sliding plate; 302, fixed connecting plate; 303, fixed shaft; 304, linkage belt; 305, servo motor; 306, drive belt; 307, second slide rail; 30 8. Second sliding plate; 309. T-shaped connecting plate; 310. Pulley shaft; 311. Limiting pulley; 400. Fixing plate; 401. Loading plate; 402. First fixing seat; 403. First sliding rod; 404. First baffle; 405. Second fixing seat; 406. Second sliding rod; 407. Second stop block; 408. Third slide rail; 409. Third sliding plate; 410. Third sliding rod; 411. Third stop block; 412. Limiting pin shaft; 413. Fourth slide rail; 414. Fourth sliding plate; 415. Connecting cross plate; 416. Fourth sliding rod; 417. Fourth baffle; 500. L-shaped connecting plate; 501. Rectangular connecting plate; 502. Limiting connecting plate; 503. Angled pin hole; 504. T-shaped sliding rod; 505. Positioning pulley. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0018] Example 1: This example provides a surface treatment device for printed circuit boards. See [link to example]. Figures 1 to 7 Specifically, it includes a six-axis robot 100 and a base plate 200. The six-axis robot 100 and the base plate 200 are placed side by side on the ground. The six-axis robot 100 has multi-dimensional flexible driving capabilities and can accurately switch between gripping and laser processing operation modes to realize the fully automated control of the printed circuit board loading, positioning, surface treatment and unloading process, taking into account both motion accuracy and operation flexibility, and adapting to complex surface treatment trajectory requirements. The end of the six-axis robot 100 is fixedly mounted with a T-shaped bracket 101. The T-shaped bracket 101 serves as the end-effector, enabling the integrated installation of the suction cup 102 and the laser processor 103. The dual working ends are arranged in a layered layout to avoid interference between the gripping and processing steps, simplify the robot end switching process, and improve the continuity of operation. A suction cup 102 is fixedly installed at the top of the T-shaped bracket 101. The suction cup 102 uses vacuum adsorption to grip the printed circuit board. The contact force is uniform and there is no mechanical clamping damage. This enables the printed circuit board to be loaded and unloaded smoothly, ensuring the integrity of the printed circuit board's appearance. A laser processor 103 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the T-shaped bracket 101. The laser processor 103 moves precisely with the six-axis robot 100 to perform high-precision surface treatment on the positioned printed circuit board. It has high processing accuracy and stable efficiency, and is suitable for fine surface treatment needs. A pair of parallel first slide rails 300 are fixedly installed on the top surface of the base plate 200. A first slide plate 301 is slidably installed on the first slide rails 300. The first slide rails 300 and the first slide plate 301 constitute the main translation track on the base plate 200, providing left and right linear sliding guidance for the fixed plate 400, ensuring that the translation trajectory of the fixed plate 400 is straight, and laying the foundation for the switching of the printed circuit board workstation. A pair of parallel second slide rails 307 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the first slide rail 301. A second slide plate 308 is slidably mounted on the second slide rails 307. The second slide rails 307 and the second slide plate 308, together with the first slide rail 300, form a two-level translation structure, which realizes the multi-dimensional staggered translation of the fixed plate 400 and provides space for the two sets of fixed plates 400 to move alternately in opposite directions, avoiding translation interference. A fixed plate 400 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the pair of second slide plates 308 on the same side. A carrier plate 401 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the fixing plate 400. The carrier plate 401 serves as a support base for the printed circuit board. Its flat top surface provides a stable placement platform for the printed circuit board, preventing it from being suspended and deformed, and ensuring the stability of the printed circuit board's posture during clamping and processing. A printed circuit board is placed on the top surface of the carrier plate 401. A third slide rail 408, a first fixing seat 402, a second fixing seat 405 and a pair of fourth slide rails 413 are fixedly installed at four positions on the top surface of the fixing plate 400. A third slide plate 409 is slidably fitted on the third slide rail 408 and a fourth slide plate 414 is slidably fitted on the fourth slide rail 413. The third slide plate 409, the first fixing seat 402, the second fixing seat 405 and the pair of fourth slide plates 414 form a clamping and fixing mechanism for the printed circuit board.

[0019] It should be noted that: such as Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, a pair of first sliding holes are provided on the first fixed base 402. A first sliding rod 403 is slidably inserted into the first sliding hole. A first spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the first sliding rod 403. A first baffle 404 is fixedly installed at the outer end of the pair of first sliding rods 403. The first fixed base 402, the first sliding rod 403, the first spring, and the first baffle 404 form a single-sided elastic clamping structure. The first spring provides flexible buffering force, and the first baffle 404 fits against the side of the printed circuit board, which ensures the clamping force and avoids rigid compression damage to the printed circuit board, thus achieving single-sided flexible limiting. The second fixed base 405 has a pair of second sliding holes. A second sliding rod 406 is slidably inserted into the second sliding holes. A second spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the second sliding rod 406, and a second stop 407 is fixedly installed at the outer end of the second sliding rod 406. The second fixed base 405, the second sliding rod 406, the second spring, and the second stop 407 form a double-sided symmetrical elastic clamping structure. Together with the first baffle 404, they form a bidirectional limiting structure. The elastic buffering effect offsets the clamping impact force, further improving the protection effect of the printed circuit board. The third slide plate 409 has a pair of third sliding holes, and a third slide rod 410 is slidably inserted into the third sliding holes. A third spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the third slide rod 410, and a third stop block 411 is fixedly installed at the outer end of the third slide rod 410. The slide rail 408, the third slide plate 409, the third slide rod 410, the third spring, the third stop block 411, and the limiting pin 412 are a sliding elastic clamping structure that can adapt to the side limit of printed circuit boards of different sizes. The limiting pin 412 ensures the sliding accuracy, and the third spring achieves flexible clamping without hard clamping damage. A connecting horizontal plate 415 is fixedly installed between a pair of fourth sliding plates 414 on the same side. A pair of fourth sliding holes are opened on the connecting horizontal plate 415. A fourth sliding rod 416 is slidably inserted into the fourth sliding hole. A fourth spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the fourth sliding rod 416. A fourth baffle 417 is fixedly installed at the outer end of the pair of fourth sliding rods 416. The fourth slide rail 413, fourth sliding plate 414, connecting horizontal plate 415, fourth sliding rod 416, fourth spring, and fourth baffle 417 are linked in an elastic clamping structure. The connecting horizontal plate 415 enables the fourth sliding plates 414 on both sides to slide synchronously. The fourth baffle 417 surrounds and clamps the printed circuit board, and the elastic buffer avoids the corners of the printed circuit board from being bumped, forming a closed-loop flexible clamping.

[0020] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: In the initial standby state, a pair of fixed plates 400 are respectively parked on the left and right sides of the base plate 200. The six-axis robot 100, each slide rail assembly and clamping mechanism are reset to the initial position, making preparations for loading, clamping, surface treatment and unloading operations. After the operation is started, under the precise drive of the six-axis robot 100, the suction cup 102 at the top of the T-shaped bracket 101 at its end grabs the printed circuit board to be processed and places it stably on the top surface of the carrier plate 401 on the left fixed plate 400. After the material is loaded, the left fixed plate 400 moves to the right along the first slide rail 300 and the second slide rail 307, and the right fixed plate 400 moves to the left at the same time. During the movement of the two sets of fixed plates 400 toward each other, the printed circuit board on the left carrier plate 401 is gradually surrounded by the first baffle 404 of the first fixed seat 402, the pair of second blocks 407 of the second fixed seat 405, the pair of third blocks 411 of the third sliding plate 409, and the fourth baffle 417 of the fourth sliding plate 414. With the elastic buffering effect of the first sliding rod 403, the second sliding rod 406, the third sliding rod 410, the fourth sliding rod 416 and the corresponding first spring, second spring, third spring and fourth spring, the printed circuit board is flexibly clamped and fixed, avoiding damage to the printed circuit board. When the left fixing plate 400 moves to the rightmost limit position and the right fixing plate 400 moves to the leftmost limit position, the printed circuit board is completely positioned at the processing station. At this time, the six-axis robot 100 switches to the working end and performs precise surface treatment on the printed circuit board after it is clamped and fixed through the laser processor 103 at the bottom of the T-shaped bracket 101. After the surface treatment of one side of the printed circuit board is completed, the six-axis robot 100 switches to the working end of the suction cup 102 to grab the processed printed circuit board and transfer it to the corresponding unloading station. Subsequently, a pair of fixed plates 400 move alternately in opposite directions along the first slide rail 300 and the second slide rail 307, reset to the initial loading station, and repeat the entire process of loading, clamping, positioning, laser processing, and unloading. This cyclical operation continues, enabling continuous and automated surface treatment of multiple printed circuit boards, ensuring processing efficiency and positioning accuracy.

[0021] Example 2: Based on Example 1, this example adds a servo motor 305, solving the problems of easy interference and insufficient transmission accuracy when a pair of fixed plates 400 alternately translate, thus achieving smooth staggered displacement of the fixed plates 400. It also includes: In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, a pair of fixed shafts 303 are rotatably inserted on both sides of the top surface of the base plate 200. A fixed pulley is fixedly sleeved on the top of the fixed shaft 303. A rectangular through hole is opened in the middle of the top surface of the base plate 200. A linkage belt 304 is set above the rectangular through hole. The two ends of the linkage belt 304 are respectively sleeved on a pair of fixed pulleys. A fixed connecting plate 302 is fixedly set on the inner side of the first slide plate 301. The inner end of the fixed connecting plate 302 is fixedly connected to the linkage belt 304. The fixed shafts 303, fixed pulleys, linkage belt 304, and fixed connecting plate 302 form a closed-loop belt drive structure, which converts the rotational power of the servo motor 305 into the linear power of the first slide plate 301. The transmission is smooth and slip-free, realizing the staggered translation of the two sets of fixed plates 400, and the power transmission efficiency is high. The bottom end of the fixed shaft 303 on the right side extends downward and is fixedly fitted with a large-diameter pulley. A fixed bracket is fixedly installed on the right side of the base plate 200. A servo motor 305 with the output shaft facing downward is fixedly installed inside the fixed bracket. The servo motor 305 serves as the main power source, providing stable and controllable driving force. Together with the belt drive, it realizes the precise control of the translation speed and displacement distance of the fixed plate 400, solving the problems of insufficient precision and motion jamming in traditional transmission, and ensuring translation synchronization. A small-diameter pulley is fixedly sleeved at the end of the motor shaft of the servo motor 305. The small-diameter pulley is connected to the large-diameter pulley through the drive belt 306. The small-diameter pulley, the large-diameter pulley, and the drive belt 306 form a speed-changing transmission structure, which amplifies the torque of the servo motor 305, reduces the transmission speed, improves translation stability, avoids the displacement of the printed circuit board caused by high-speed translation, and adapts to the requirements of low-speed precise translation. The top front and rear sides of the base plate 200 are provided with a pair of symmetrically distributed limiting sliding holes 201. The limiting sliding holes 201 are divided into the first section sliding hole 202, the second section sliding hole 203, the third section sliding hole 204, the fourth section sliding hole 205 and the fifth section sliding hole 206 from left to right. The first section sliding hole 202 and the fifth section sliding hole 206 are symmetrically distributed on the same horizontal line, while the second section sliding hole 203 and the fourth section sliding hole 205 are obliquely symmetrically distributed. The limiting sliding holes 201 are customized with segmented trajectory design to limit the translation path of the fixed plate 400, realize precise switching of all workstations, and have strong controllability of displacement trajectory. A T-shaped connecting plate 309 is fixedly installed between a pair of second sliding plates 308 located on the same side. A pulley shaft 310 is rotatably inserted into the outer end of the T-shaped connecting plate 309. A limiting pulley 311 is fixedly sleeved at the bottom end of the pulley shaft 310. The limiting pulley 311 is slidably fitted in the limiting sliding hole 201 on the corresponding side. The T-shaped connecting plate 309, pulley shaft 310, and limiting pulley 311 cooperate with the limiting sliding hole 201 to achieve directional sliding, constrain the translation trajectory of the second sliding plate 308, and completely avoid the risk of collision interference when the two sets of fixed plates 400 alternately translate.

[0022] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: The servo motor 305 is started, and its motor shaft drives the small diameter pulley to rotate. The small diameter pulley drives the large diameter pulley, the corresponding fixed shaft 303 and the fixed pulley to rotate synchronously via the drive belt 306, thereby driving the linkage belt 304 to rotate. The fixed connecting plate 302 moves with the linkage belt 304, driving a pair of first slide plates 301 to slide alternately along the first slide rail 300, realizing the alternating translation of a pair of fixed plates 400. During the translation process, the limiting pulley 311 at the bottom of the T-shaped connecting plate 309 slides in a direction along the first section of the limiting sliding hole 202, the second section of the sliding hole 203, the third section of the sliding hole 204, the fourth section of the sliding hole 205, and the fifth section of the sliding hole 206, driving the second sliding plate 308 to slide along the second sliding rail 307 to completely avoid the interference risk of the fixed plate 400 alternating translation; by controlling the servo motor 305 to drive in the reverse direction, the pair of fixed plates 400 can be driven to alternately translate and reset in the opposite direction.

[0023] Example 3: Based on Example 2, this example adds a design that coordinates the positioning pulley 505 with the limiting notch 208, solving the problems of inaccurate positioning of the printed circuit board, asynchronous clamping actions, and poor flexible fixing effect. It also includes: In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, a pair of symmetrically distributed L-shaped limiting plates 207 are fixedly installed on the front and rear sides of the top of the base plate 200. The inner side of the L-shaped limiting plate 207 is provided with a limiting notch 208. The limiting notch 208 is divided into a first notch edge 209, a second notch edge 210, a third notch edge 211, a fourth notch edge 212 and a fifth notch edge 213 from left to right. The segmented notch guide structure of the L-shaped limiting plate 207 and the limiting notch 208 can accurately control the timing of the clamping action, realize the step clamping, and solve the problems of clamping asynchrony and positioning deviation. A rectangular connecting plate 501 is fixedly installed on the top surface of a pair of fourth sliding plates 414 located on the same side. A limiting connecting plate 502 is vertically fixed on the left side of the rectangular connecting plate 501. An oblique pin hole 503 is opened on the limiting connecting plate 502. A limiting pin 412 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the third sliding plate 409. The limiting pin 412 is slidably inserted into the oblique pin hole 503. The rectangular connecting plate 501, the limiting connecting plate 502, and the oblique pin hole 503 are linked and driven. Through the cooperation of the oblique pin hole 503 and the limiting pin 412, the third sliding plate 409 and the fourth sliding plate 414 slide synchronously, ensuring the consistency of the clamping action and improving the positioning accuracy of the printed circuit board. An L-shaped connecting plate 500 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the fixed plate 400. A T-shaped slide rod 504 is slidably inserted into the top of the L-shaped connecting plate 500. The inner end of the T-shaped slide rod 504 is fixedly connected to the rectangular connecting plate 501. A tension spring is sleeved on the outer section of the T-shaped slide rod 504. A U-shaped bracket is fixedly installed on the outer end of the T-shaped slide rod 504. A positioning pulley 505 is rotatably installed in the opening of the U-shaped bracket. The positioning pulley 505 abuts against the limiting notch 208 on the same side. The L-shaped connecting plate 500, the T-shaped slide rod 504, the tension spring, and the positioning pulley 505 elastically abut against the guide structure. The tension spring ensures that the positioning pulley 505 always fits against the limiting notch 208. The clamping component is extended and retracted by the sliding of the pulley, so as to realize the adaptive clamping force, enhance the flexible fixing effect, and prevent the printed circuit board from loosening and shifting.

[0024] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: Under the elastic force of the tension spring, the positioning pulley 505 always abuts against the inner edge of the limiting notch 208; As the fixed plate 400 moves to the right along the trajectory of the limiting sliding hole 201, the positioning pulley 505 sequentially contacts and engages with each side of the limiting notch 208: When the positioning pulley 505 contacts the first notch edge 209 and the second notch edge 210, the fourth slide plate 414 and the rectangular connecting plate 501 are in an outward sliding state, and the printed circuit board is in an unclamped state. When the positioning pulley 505 contacts the third notch edge 211, it drives the T-shaped slide bar 504 to slide inward along the L-shaped connecting plate 500, and simultaneously drives the rectangular connecting plate 501 and the fourth slide plate 414 to slide inward along the fourth slide rail 413. With the limiting sliding action of the limiting pin 412 and the oblique pin hole 503, it drives the third slide plate 409 to slide inward along the third slide rail 408, and then drives the first baffle 404, a pair of second blocks 407, a pair of third blocks 411 and the fourth baffle 417 to gradually close together, so as to achieve flexible clamping and fixing of the printed circuit board. When the positioning pulley 505 contacts the fourth notch edge 212 and the fifth notch edge 213, the printed circuit board remains clamped.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface treatment device for printed circuit boards, comprising a six-axis robot (100) and a base plate (200), wherein the six-axis robot (100) and the base plate (200) are placed side by side on the ground, a T-shaped bracket (101) is fixedly installed at the end of the six-axis robot (100), a suction cup (102) is fixedly installed at the top of the T-shaped bracket (101), and a laser processor (103) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the T-shaped bracket (101), characterized in that: A pair of parallel first slide rails (300) are fixedly provided on the top surface of the base plate (200). A first slide plate (301) is slidably provided on the first slide rails (300). A pair of parallel second slide rails (307) are fixedly provided on the outer side of the first slide plate (301). A second slide plate (308) is slidably provided on the second slide rails (307). A fixing plate (400) is fixedly provided on the top surface of a pair of second slide plates (308) located on the same side. A carrying plate (401) is fixedly disposed on the top surface of the fixing plate (400). A printed circuit board is placed on the top surface of the carrying plate (401). A third slide rail (408), a first fixing seat (402), a second fixing seat (405), and a pair of fourth slide rails (413) are fixedly disposed at four positions on the top surface of the fixing plate (400). A third sliding plate (409) is slidably disposed on the third slide rail (408), and a fourth sliding plate (414) is slidably disposed on the fourth slide rail (413). The third sliding plate (409), the first fixing seat (402), the second fixing seat (405), and the pair of fourth sliding plates (414) form a clamping and fixing mechanism for the printed circuit board.

2. The printed circuit board surface treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of fixed shafts (303) are rotatably inserted on both sides of the top surface of the base plate (200). A fixed pulley is fixedly sleeved on the top of the fixed shaft (303). A rectangular through hole is opened in the middle of the top surface of the base plate (200). A linkage belt (304) is arranged above the rectangular through hole. The two ends of the linkage belt (304) are respectively sleeved on a pair of fixed pulleys. A fixed connecting plate (302) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the first slide plate (301). The inner end of the fixed connecting plate (302) is fixedly connected to the linkage belt (304).

3. The printed circuit board surface treatment apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom end of the fixed shaft (303) located on the right extends downward and is fixedly fitted with a large-diameter pulley. A fixed bracket is fixedly installed on the right side of the base plate (200). A servo motor (305) with its output shaft facing downward is fixedly installed inside the fixed bracket. A small-diameter pulley is fixedly fitted at the end of the motor shaft of the servo motor (305). The small-diameter pulley is connected to the large-diameter pulley through a drive belt (306).

4. The printed circuit board surface treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (200) has a pair of symmetrically distributed limiting sliding holes (201) on the front and rear sides of the top surface. The limiting sliding holes (201) are divided into a first sliding hole (202), a second sliding hole (203), a third sliding hole (204), a fourth sliding hole (205), and a fifth sliding hole (206) from left to right. The first sliding hole (202) and the fifth sliding hole (206) are symmetrically distributed on the same horizontal line, while the second sliding hole (203) and the fourth sliding hole (205) are obliquely symmetrically distributed.

5. The printed circuit board surface treatment apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: A T-shaped connecting plate (309) is fixedly installed between a pair of second sliding plates (308) on the same side. A pulley shaft (310) is rotatably inserted at the outer end of the T-shaped connecting plate (309). A limiting pulley (311) is fixedly sleeved at the bottom end of the pulley shaft (310). The limiting pulley (311) is slidably fitted in the limiting sliding hole (201) on the corresponding side.

6. The printed circuit board surface treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixed base (402) has a pair of first sliding holes, and a first sliding rod (403) is slidably inserted into the first sliding hole. A first spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the first sliding rod (403), and a first baffle (404) is fixedly installed at the outer end of the pair of first sliding rods (403). The second fixed base (405) has a pair of second sliding holes. A second sliding rod (406) is slidably inserted into the second sliding hole. A second spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the second sliding rod (406). A second stop (407) is fixedly installed at the outer end of the second sliding rod (406).

7. The printed circuit board surface treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third slide plate (409) has a pair of third sliding holes, and a third slide rod (410) is slidably inserted into the third sliding hole. A third spring is fixedly installed at the inner end of the third slide rod (410), and a third stop block (411) is fixedly installed at the outer end of the third slide rod (410). A connecting plate (415) is fixedly provided between a pair of fourth sliding plates (414) located on the same side. A pair of fourth sliding holes are provided on the connecting plate (415). A fourth sliding rod (416) is slidably inserted into the fourth sliding hole. A fourth spring is fixedly provided at the inner end of the fourth sliding rod (416). A fourth baffle (417) is fixedly provided at the outer end of the pair of fourth sliding rods (416).

8. The printed circuit board surface treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of symmetrically distributed L-shaped limiting plates (207) are fixedly provided on the front and rear sides of the top of the base plate (200). The inner side of the L-shaped limiting plate (207) is provided with a limiting notch (208). The limiting notch (208) is divided into a first notch edge (209), a second notch edge (210), a third notch edge (211), a fourth notch edge (212), and a fifth notch edge (213) from left to right.

9. The printed circuit board surface treatment apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: A rectangular connecting plate (501) is fixedly installed on the top surface of a pair of fourth sliding plates (414) located on the same side. A limiting connecting plate (502) is vertically fixed on the left side of the rectangular connecting plate (501). An oblique pin hole (503) is opened on the limiting connecting plate (502). A limiting pin (412) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the third sliding plate (409). The limiting pin (412) is slidably inserted into the oblique pin hole (503).

10. A printed circuit board surface treatment apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that: An L-shaped connecting plate (500) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the fixed plate (400). A T-shaped sliding rod (504) is slidably inserted into the top of the L-shaped connecting plate (500). The inner end of the T-shaped sliding rod (504) is fixedly connected to the rectangular connecting plate (501). A tension spring is sleeved on the outer section of the T-shaped sliding rod (504). A U-shaped bracket is fixedly installed on the outer end of the T-shaped sliding rod (504). A positioning pulley (505) is rotatably installed in the opening of the U-shaped bracket. The positioning pulley (505) abuts against the limiting notch (208) on the same side.

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