Lathe with cooling function and cutting cooling regulation method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of lathe machining equipment, and specifically discloses a lathe with a cooling function and a cutting cooling regulation method, which comprises a tool magazine, the center of the tool magazine is fixedly connected with the output end of a motor one, the fixed end of the motor one is fixedly installed on the lathe, the center of the end of the tool magazine away from the motor one is coaxially rotationally connected with a mounting disc, the side of the mounting disc away from the tool magazine is fixedly provided with a support, the support is slidingly connected with the lathe body, and is used for driving the mounting disc to synchronously feed axially to the workpiece direction along with the tool magazine; the side of the mounting disc facing the workpiece is fixedly provided with a blowing assembly, a cooling assembly and a shooting assembly; the blowing assembly comprises a folding hinged rod, the fixed end side wall of the hinged rod is fixedly connected with the mounting disc, and the movable end end face of the hinged rod is coaxially rotationally connected with an air cavity; the device solves the problems of single cooling mode and large waste of cutting fluid of the traditional lathe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of lathe machining equipment, specifically relating to a lathe with cooling function and a cutting cooling control method. Background Technology

[0002] During metal turning, the high-speed compression and friction between the cutting edge of the tool and the workpiece surface generates a large amount of cutting heat, with the local temperature at the tool tip reaching hundreds or even thousands of degrees Celsius. Sustained high temperatures accelerate tool wear, induce built-up edge, and cause thermal deformation of the workpiece, directly affecting dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and tool life. Therefore, the cooling and chip breaking system is an indispensable core component of a lathe, and its performance directly determines the lathe's machining efficiency and stability.

[0003] Existing lathes have limited cooling and chip-breaking devices with insufficient differentiated cooling capabilities. Most lathes only have a single-path coolant spray pipe, with workpiece and tool cooling sharing the same coolant supply system, making independent control of different areas impossible. The spray angle is mostly manually fixed, making it impossible to adjust the spray point in real time according to the cutting position and temperature during machining. This results in low cooling precision, a large amount of ineffective coolant spraying, and waste of cutting fluid and environmental pollution.

[0004] Existing lathes mostly use fixed air nozzles for chip breaking, which are fixed in position and cannot be adjusted at the angle, making it impossible to accurately target the chip root and limiting the chip breaking effect. In addition, the air nozzles are constantly open for air supply, resulting in high compressed air energy consumption. Furthermore, fixed air nozzles lack a storage and clearance structure, which can easily cause component interference during automatic tool changing by the tool magazine, making it difficult to adapt to the tool changing process of automated tool magazines.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, a lathe with a cooling function and a cutting cooling control method are proposed to solve the problems of traditional lathes having a single cooling method and significant cutting fluid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lathe with a cooling function and a cutting cooling control method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention provides a lathe with a cooling function, including a tool magazine, wherein the output end of a motor is fixedly connected to the center of the tool magazine, and the fixed end of the motor is fixedly installed on the lathe. The tool magazine is rotatably connected to a mounting plate at the center of the end away from the motor. A support is fixed on the side of the mounting plate away from the tool magazine. The support is slidably connected to the lathe body and is used to drive the mounting plate to follow the tool magazine and feed axially toward the workpiece. The mounting plate is fixedly equipped with an air blowing component, a cooling component, and a shooting component on the side facing the workpiece. The air blowing assembly includes a folding hinge rod. The fixed end sidewall of the hinge rod is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. The movable end face of the hinge rod is coaxially rotatably connected to an air chamber. An air nozzle connected to the air chamber is fixed on the outside of the air chamber. A high-pressure air pipe is also connected to the outside of the air chamber. A valve for controlling the opening and closing of the air nozzle is provided inside the air chamber. The cooling assembly includes a mounting base, which extends along the center of the mounting plate to both ends of its outer diameter and is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. Both ends of the mounting base are rotatably connected to mounting blocks. The end of the mounting block away from the mounting base is integrally formed with a mounting groove. A cooling chamber is rotatably connected between the two side walls of the mounting groove. A plurality of nozzles are arranged in an axial array on the side wall of one of the cooling chambers, with the output end of the nozzles facing the workpiece; a nozzle is fixedly installed on the side wall of the other cooling chamber, with the output end of the nozzle facing the cutting face of the tool magazine. The shooting component includes a second mounting base. One side wall of the second mounting base is fixedly connected to the mounting plate, and a camera is rotatably connected to the other end. The camera's acquisition end is set towards the workpiece.

[0008] The present invention further illustrates that a second motor is fixed to the outer wall of each of the two mounting blocks. The output end of the second motor corresponds to the axial position of the corresponding cooling cavity, and the output end of the second motor passes through the side wall of the mounting groove and is fixedly connected to the cooling cavity, for driving the cooling cavity to rotate to adjust the spray angle.

[0009] The present invention further illustrates that cooling pipes are provided on the side of each of the two mounting blocks away from the mounting groove. One end of each cooling pipe passes through the corresponding mounting block and is connected to the interior of the corresponding cooling cavity. The other end is used to connect to an external coolant supply device to continuously supply high-pressure coolant into the cooling cavity.

[0010] The present invention further explains that the input end of all the nozzles is sealed and connected to the internal cavity of the corresponding cooling chamber; the nozzle is a single-hole direct-shot nozzle, and the output end of a single nozzle is provided with only one nozzle, the spray direction of the nozzle extends outward along the radial direction of the cooling chamber; in the initial assembly state, the spray direction of all the nozzles on the cooling chamber is directly facing the top of the groove of the mounting groove. The second nozzle is an integrated multi-hole spray structure. Several spray nozzles are arranged in an array on the spray end face facing the blade. The liquid inlet ends of all the spray nozzles are interconnected and are sealed and connected to the internal cavity of the corresponding cooling chamber. In the initial assembly state, the central spray direction of the second nozzle is perpendicular to the top direction of the groove of the first mounting groove.

[0011] The present invention further illustrates that the outer wall of the air chamber is provided with an air hole, the air hole is connected to the high-pressure air pipe, and the other end of the high-pressure air pipe is connected to an external air supply device.

[0012] The present invention further illustrates that an ear plate is fixed to the outer wall of both the fixed end and the movable end of the hinge rod, and a cylinder is provided between the ear plates. The two ends of the cylinder are respectively hinged to the two ear plates, and are used to drive the hinge rod to extend and fold for storage.

[0013] The present invention further illustrates that a motor four is fixed to the outer wall of the air chamber, and the output end of the motor four penetrates the side wall of the air chamber and is fixedly connected to the valve, for driving the valve to rotate to control the opening and closing of the air nozzle; A micro motor is provided between the air chamber and the movable end of the hinge rod. The fixed end of the micro motor is fixedly connected to the movable end of the hinge rod, and the output end is fixedly connected to the air chamber. It is used to drive the air chamber to rotate circumferentially to finely adjust the blowing angle of the air nozzle.

[0014] The present invention further illustrates that a micro motor 2 is provided between each end of the mounting base 1 and the corresponding mounting block. The fixed end of the micro motor 2 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 1, and the output end is fixedly connected to the mounting block, for driving the mounting block to rotate to adjust the horizontal spray direction of the cooling chamber. A rotating bracket is rotatably connected to the center of the end face of the mounting base 2. The end of the rotating bracket away from the mounting base 2 is integrally formed with a mounting groove 2. The camera is set in the mounting groove 2 and rotatably connected to its inner wall. A motor 3 is fixed to one side of the outer wall of the rotating bracket. The output end of the motor 3 passes through the side wall of the rotating bracket and is fixedly connected to the outer shell of the camera, and is used to drive the camera to tilt and rotate to adjust the shooting angle. A micro motor is provided between the mounting base two and the rotating bracket. The fixed end of the micro motor three is fixedly connected to the mounting base two, and the output end is fixedly connected to the rotating bracket. It is used to drive the rotating bracket to rotate horizontally to adjust the horizontal shooting position of the camera.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention provides a cutting cooling control method for a lathe with cooling function, comprising the following steps: S1. Pre-enter the corresponding levels of chip color and tool tip temperature, chip shape and chip breakage risk in the lathe controller, and pre-set the basic flow rate of coolant Q1, high temperature boost flow rate Q2, basic air pressure of blowing p1, high pressure of chip breakage blowing p2, as well as the temperature alarm threshold T1 and emergency stop temperature threshold T2. S2. During the cutting process, high-definition images of the cutting area are continuously acquired by the imaging component to extract the HSV color features and contour morphology features of the chips. S3. Match the corresponding temperature level based on the chip color and the corresponding chip breakage risk level based on the chip shape, and simultaneously adjust the working status of the air blowing component and the working parameters of the cooling component: Under normal operating conditions, the cooling components maintain a basic flow rate Q1 to supply coolant, and the air blowing components remain closed and retracted. When the chip breaking risk exceeds the limit, the air blowing assembly extends to the cutting area and uses high-pressure air blowing p2 to blow away the root of the chip, while the cooling assembly maintains the basic supply parameters unchanged. When the temperature is only slightly above the limit, the cooling system increases the coolant flow rate and adjusts the spray angle to cover the hot cutting area, while the air blowing system remains closed. When both temperature and chip breakage risk exceed the standard, high-pressure air blowing for chip breaking and pressurized cooling are activated simultaneously. When the temperature reaches the temperature alarm threshold T1, the cooling component switches to high-temperature boosted flow Q2 to enhance heat exchange, and the air blowing component turns on low-pressure auxiliary heat dissipation; if the temperature continues to exceed the threshold, the tool magazine is controlled to rotate 180° to replace the same type of tool, and at the same time, the high-temperature standby tool is cooled online through nozzle two. When the temperature reaches the emergency stop temperature threshold T2, the cooling and air blowing components operate at full load, while reducing the spindle speed and feed rate. If there is no improvement after the set time, a stop alarm will be triggered. S4. After the chip characteristics return to the safe range, the cooling flow rate and blowing air pressure are gradually reduced to the reference value after a delay of 2-3 seconds. After the machining process is completed, the blowing assembly, cooling assembly, and shooting assembly are all folded and stored in their original positions to avoid component interference when the tool magazine rotates to change tools.

[0016] The present invention further includes a self-learning optimization and post-cleaning step: After each complete machining process, the controller automatically stores the cutting parameters, chip characteristics and temperature data, and control execution parameters of this machining process. Under the same material and the same cutting conditions in the future, it automatically updates the recognition threshold and the benchmark control parameters to achieve self-learning optimization of recognition accuracy. After all cutting processes are completed and the spindle stops running, the air blowing assembly is controlled to intermittently blow away residual iron filings and coolant on the tool magazine, tool, and mounting plate surface with the air blowing base pressure p1. The cooling assembly is controlled to output coolant for a short time to flush away metal impurities inside the nozzle. After all cleaning actions are completed, all actuators return to their initial storage positions, and the whole machine enters standby mode.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows: This invention adopts a foldable and retractable hinged rod-type air blowing structure, which completely avoids the tool changing space when retracted, and can be precisely aligned with the cutting area through extension, retraction, and angle fine-tuning when in operation. The high-pressure air blowing mode can directly act on the root of the chip to achieve forced chip breaking, effectively solving the problem of long strip-shaped chips and clump-shaped chips entangled in the workpiece and tool, avoiding the safety hazards caused by chips scratching the machined surface and entangled in the spindle; the low-pressure air blowing mode can help accelerate the air flow in the cutting area and synergistically improve the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency; at the same time, the air blowing component can be deflected to align with the camera lens, automatically cleaning the attached water mist and iron filings. This invention employs two independently controllable cooling chambers, corresponding to the workpiece cutting area and the standby tool face, respectively: one chamber uses an array of nozzles to precisely cool the workpiece's cutting hot area, while the other chamber uses multiple nozzles to provide online forced cooling for the high-temperature tool that has just completed cutting and returned to the standby position. Combined with the tool magazine's 180° symmetrical tool changing logic, the high-temperature tool immediately enters the cooling station for continuous cooling after being removed, achieving a tool-changing working mode that alternates between cutting and cooling. This invention utilizes dual-dimensional visual recognition of chip color and morphology to establish a control method for temperature level and chip breakage risk level. It adaptively adjusts coolant flow rate, spray angle, air pressure, and operating mode in real time according to cutting conditions. Compared to traditional open-loop cooling systems with fixed parameters, this avoids both workpiece thermal deformation and rapid tool wear caused by insufficient cooling, and coolant waste and energy consumption caused by over-cooling. A buffer delay mechanism is incorporated into the control process, gradually reducing parameters after the operating conditions return to normal, preventing repeated fluctuations in cutting temperature caused by frequent start-stop cycles of cooling and air blowing. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation disk location according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of region A; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the miniature cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the air blowing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the valve structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the second nozzle structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Tool magazine; 101. Motor 1; 102. Mounting plate; 2. Air blowing assembly; 201. Hinge rod; 2011. Ear plate 1; 2012. Cylinder 1; 2013. Micro motor 1; 202. Air chamber; 2021. Air hole; 203. High-pressure air pipe; 204. Air nozzle; 205. Valve; 206. Motor 4; 3. Cooling assembly; 301. Mounting base 1; 3011. Micro motor 2; 302. Mounting block; 3021. Cooling pipe; 303. Mounting groove 1; 304. Cooling chamber; 305. Nozzle 1; 306. Nozzle 2; 3061. Spray nozzle; 307. Motor 2; 4. Camera assembly; 401. Mounting base 2; 4011. Rotating bracket; 4012. Mounting groove 2; 402. Camera; 4021. Micro motor 3; 403. Motor 3; 5. Support. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following detailed, non-limiting description of the technical solution of the present invention, in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, is provided. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-9 The present invention provides a technical solution: a lathe with cooling function and a cutting cooling control method, including a tool magazine 1, wherein the output end of a motor 101 is fixed at the center of the tool magazine 1, and the fixed end of the motor 101 is fixed on the lathe. By starting the motor 101, the tool magazine 1 is driven to rotate as a whole, thereby realizing automatic tool changing and workstation switching.

[0022] The tool magazine 1 is rotatably connected to a mounting plate 102 at one end, away from the motor 101. A support 5 is fixed to the side of the mounting plate 102 away from the tool magazine 1, and the other end of the support 5 is slidably connected to the lathe body, allowing the mounting plate 102 to move synchronously towards the workpiece along with the tool magazine 1. When the tool magazine 1 rotates, the mounting plate 102 remains stationary. An air blowing assembly 2, a cooling assembly 3, and a photographing assembly 4 are fixed to the mounting plate 102 facing the workpiece.

[0023] The air blowing assembly 2 includes a folding hinge rod 201. The fixed end sidewall of the hinge rod 201 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 102. The movable end face of the hinge rod 201 is rotatably connected to an air chamber 202. An air nozzle 204 communicating with the air chamber 202 is fixed on the outside of the air chamber 202. A high-pressure air pipe 203 is connected to the outside of the air chamber 202. A valve 205 for controlling the opening and closing of the air nozzle 204 is provided inside the air chamber 202. In some preferred embodiments, the outer wall of the air chamber 202 is provided with an air hole 2021, the air hole 2021 is connected to the high-pressure air pipe 203, and the other end of the high-pressure air pipe 203 is connected to an external air supply device.

[0024] In some preferred embodiments, ear plates 2011 are fixed to the outer walls of both the fixed end and the movable end of the hinge rod 201, and a cylinder 2012 is provided between the ear plates 2011. The two ends of the cylinder 2012 are respectively hinged to the two ear plates 2011.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments, a motor 206 is fixed to the outer wall of the air chamber 202, and the output end of the motor 206 passes through the air chamber 202 and is fixedly connected to the valve 205; In the initial state, the air nozzle 204 is in a closed state. When air needs to be blown, the motor 206 is started to drive the valve 205 to rotate, so that the high-pressure air pipe 203 is connected to the air nozzle 204.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, a micro motor 2013 is provided between the air chamber 202 and the movable end of the hinge rod 201. The fixed end of the micro motor 2013 is fixed to the hinge rod 201, and the output end is fixed to the air chamber 202.

[0027] The micro motor 2013 drives the air chamber 202 to rotate slightly, which facilitates alignment with the workpiece and the cutting part of the tool, and allows the air nozzle 204 to blow away the iron filings generated during processing.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments, the high-pressure air tube 203 is a flexible hose, and the high-pressure air tube 203 rotates slightly with the air chamber 202 when the air chamber 202 rotates.

[0029] The cooling assembly 3 includes a mounting base 301, one sidewall of which is fixed to the mounting plate 102, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to a mounting block 302 via a micro motor 3011. A mounting groove 303 is integrally formed at the end of the mounting block 302 away from the mounting base 301. A cooling chamber 304 is rotatably connected between the two ends and sidewalls of the mounting base 301 via the mounting groove 303. A plurality of nozzles 305 are arranged in an axial array on the side wall of one of the cooling chambers 304, with the output end of the nozzles 305 facing the workpiece. A nozzle 306 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the other cooling chamber 304, with the output end of the nozzle 306 facing the cutting face of the tool, to cool the tool that has just completed cutting.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, a second motor 307 is fixed to the outer wall of the two mounting blocks 302. The output end of the second motor 307 corresponds to the axial position of the corresponding cooling cavity 304. The output end of the second motor 307 passes through the mounting groove 303 and is fixed to the cooling cavity 304.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments, cooling pipes 3021 are arranged on the side of the two mounting blocks 302 away from the mounting groove 303. One end of each cooling pipe 3021 passes through the corresponding mounting block 302 and communicates with its cooling cavity 304, and the other end is communicated with external coolant; for continuously supplying high-pressure coolant into the cooling cavity 304.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments, the input ends of all the nozzles 305 are sealed and connected to the internal cavity of the cooling chamber 304. The nozzle 305 is a single-hole direct-fire nozzle, and the output end of a single nozzle 305 is provided with only one nozzle, the spray direction of which extends radially outward along the cooling chamber 304; In the initial assembly state, the spray direction of all nozzles 305 on the cooling chamber 304 is directly facing the top of the groove of the mounting groove 303; during operation, the drive motor 307 drives the cooling chamber 304 to rotate, which can cause all nozzles 305 to deflect synchronously, thereby adjusting the spray point of the coolant and making the coolant accurately spray onto the surface of the workpiece to be processed.

[0033] The nozzle 306 is an integrated multi-hole spray structure. Several spray nozzles 3061 are arranged in an array on the spray end face facing the blade. The liquid inlet ends of all the spray nozzles 3061 are interconnected and are sealed and connected to the internal cavity of the cooling chamber 304. In the initial assembly state, the central spray direction of the second nozzle 306 (i.e., the normal direction of the spray end face) is perpendicular to the top direction of the groove of the first mounting groove 303. During operation, the second drive motor 307 drives the cooling chamber 304 to rotate, which in turn drives the second nozzle 306 to deflect synchronously, thereby adjusting the coverage of the multi-hole spray area and making the coolant evenly wash the blade surface.

[0034] The shooting component 4 includes a second mounting base 401. One side wall of the second mounting base 401 is fixed to the mounting plate 102, and the other end is rotatably connected to a camera 402. The output end of the camera 402 faces the workpiece.

[0035] In some preferred embodiments, a rotating bracket 4011 is rotatably connected to the center of the end face of the second mounting base 401. The rotating bracket 4011 has an integrally formed mounting groove 4012 at one end away from the second mounting base 401. The camera 402 is located in the mounting groove 4012 and is rotatably connected to its inner wall. A motor 403 is fixed to one outer wall of the rotating bracket 4011. The output end of the motor 403 passes through the rotating bracket 4011 and is fixedly connected to the outer shell of the camera 402.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments, a micro motor 4021 is provided between the second mounting base 401 and the rotating bracket 4011. The fixed end of the micro motor 4021 is fixed to the second mounting base 401, and the output end is fixed to the rotating bracket 4011.

[0037] Working principle: Before the first cutting operation, the tools are installed on tool magazine 1. Two tools on the same straight line on tool magazine 1 are of the same model. When the temperature is too high and a switch to a tool of the same model is needed, tool magazine 1 simply rotates 180°. The tool with the higher temperature corresponds to the nozzle 306 for cooling. The data is pre-entered into a database in the lathe's controller. The database has a built-in classification mechanism for chip color, cutting temperature, and tool wear threshold. Specifically… The spindle drives the tool to complete a short standard trial cut: the camera 402 of the imaging component 4 captures high-definition images of the cutting part at 10 frames / second. At this time, an infrared temperature measuring device is connected outside the device to collect the real temperature of the tool tip in real time. The controller extracts the HSV color gamut value, chip profile, curl radius, number of wraps, and other feature parameters from the high-definition images of the cutting part, and maps each set of chip visual features to the measured tool tip temperature.

[0038] Complete the angle input for air blowing component 2 and cooling component 3: The operator controls the external air supply equipment to supply air to the high-pressure air pipe 203 through the controller. The gas in the high-pressure air pipe 203 enters the air chamber 202 through the air hole 2021 and is discharged through the air nozzle 204, directly acting on the cutting position. The controller records the optimal deflection angle of the air nozzle 204 and the nozzle 305 aligned with the cutting area and stores it as the standard coordinates for each working condition. The system can call the corresponding angle parameters with one click in the future without repeated manual adjustment.

[0039] Set the coolant base flow rate Q1, which is the cooling supply flow rate under normal safe cutting conditions, and the high temperature boost flow rate Q2, which is the boost cooling flow rate under conditions where tool wear exceeds the standard, wherein Q2 is greater than Q1; The basic air pressure of blowing is p1, which is the low-pressure blowing air pressure for lens cleaning and auxiliary heat dissipation, and the high-pressure blowing air pressure for chip breaking is p2, which is the high-pressure blowing air pressure for removing entangled chips, wherein p2 is greater than p1. Temperature alarm threshold T1, the temperature alarm threshold T1 is the temperature at which the blade tip temperature reaches the value that triggers high temperature warning, enhanced cooling intervention, and emergency shutdown. Temperature threshold T2, the emergency shutdown temperature threshold T2 is the temperature at which the blade tip temperature reaches the value that triggers extreme danger protection mechanism. S1: After the lathe is powered on, the operator inputs information such as workpiece material, tool type, and cutting process parameters into the human-machine interface of the controller. The lathe controller then retrieves the corresponding material-specific cutting database.

[0040] The bar stock to be processed is fixed on the chuck of the machine tool body and rotated according to the set speed.

[0041] S2: Real-time acquisition of information throughout the turning process. The machine tool controller drives the tool magazine 1 to rotate, so that the selected tool on the tool magazine 1 faces the bar stock to be processed. By driving the tool magazine 1 to move towards the bar stock, the tool tip gradually approaches the bar stock.

[0042] After the cutting tool contacts the workpiece and begins cutting, the micro motor 4021 drives the rotating bracket 4011 to make horizontal fine adjustments, and the motor 403 drives the camera 402 to adaptively adjust the vertical pitch angle, so that the camera 402 is stably aligned with the contact area between the cutting tip and the workpiece, and continuously collects high-definition images and transmits them to the controller. The controller has a built-in dust-proof blowing auxiliary module: if water mist or iron filings are found on the lens surface, the controller temporarily activates the blowing component 2, controls the air nozzle 204 to face the camera 402, and the external air supply equipment supplies low-pressure airflow to the high-pressure air pipe 203. The low-pressure airflow cleans the lens and ensures the image recognition accuracy.

[0043] Chip color recognition: Based on the HSV color values ​​of the core high-temperature region at the root of the chip extracted during the trial cutting process and the corresponding temperature measured by the infrared thermometer, five temperature ranges are defined: Silver-white / light yellow chips: Cutting temperature 200~300℃, at this temperature the cutting temperature is safe and the tool wear rate is extremely low; Golden / bronze chips: blade tip temperature 300~400℃. At this temperature, the temperature is slightly exceeded and the blade wear is slightly accelerated. Dark blue / purplish-brown chips: The blade tip temperature is 400~600℃, which is significantly exceeded. The blade sticks and the crater wear is accelerated. Bright white burning chips: Tool tip temperature > 600℃, ultra-high temperature working conditions, the tool edge is at risk of rapid burning and chipping; Blackened and charred chips: This indicates complete coolant failure, localized dry cutting, and an extremely dangerous operating condition.

[0044] Chip morphology recognition Edge detection and contour fitting algorithms are used to identify the chip shape and classify it into four levels of chip breakage risk. Short, coiled chips: The broken chips are "C" or "6" shaped, indicating smooth cutting with no risk of entanglement; Continuous short spiral chips: The chips are in a continuous spiral shape. At this time, the cutting thickness is sufficient to give the spiral chips enough rigidity to support themselves. They will not break immediately. They will break after their own weight or slight collision. They have a slight tendency to entangle and can maintain normal cooling. Long, ribbon-like chips without breakage: The chips are like a continuous long ribbon or snake, extremely long, without breaking, medium risk, and very easy to entangle the workpiece, spindle, and tool holder; Multi-layered tangled chips: Chips repeatedly entangle on the cutting tool, workpiece, and chuck, posing a serious risk. They can squeeze the cutting tool, scratch the surface of the machined workpiece, and create safety hazards.

[0045] S3: The controller adjusts the air blowing assembly 2 in coordination based on the chip temperature level and chip breakage risk level. Specifically: When the real-time detection status is silvery-white / light yellow short shavings, it indicates that the processing condition is normal, valve 205 is closed, and air nozzle 204 stops supplying air. The nozzle 305 of the cooling component 3 maintains the basic flow rate Q1; the motor 307 locks the optimal fixed angle, and the coolant is supplied at low pressure.

[0046] When the real-time detection status shows silvery-white / light yellow long strips of chips, it indicates that the chip breaking is not good and the temperature is normal. At this time, the controller controls the cylinder 2012 to drive the hinge rod 201 to extend to the cutting area, the micro motor 2013 finely adjusts the angle of the air chamber 202 to align with the root of the chip, the motor 206 opens the valve 205, and outputs high-pressure chip breaking air p2 to continuously blow away the chips. After the chips disappear, the valve automatically closes and resets. The flow rate and spray angle of the cooling component 3 remain unchanged, and only blows air to deal with the chips.

[0047] When the real-time detection status shows short, golden / bronze-colored chips, it indicates that the processing is under slightly high temperature, chip breaking is acceptable, and a small amount of enhanced cooling is needed without starting air blowing; specifically, The controller increases the coolant supply pressure by 30%, the motor 307 rotates the cooling chamber 304 slightly, and the nozzle 305 densely covers the workpiece cutting surface to improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0048] When the real-time detection status shows golden / bronze entangled long chips, it indicates that there is a dual risk of mild high temperature and entangled chips. Simultaneous intervention of air blowing and mild cooling is selected. The air blowing component 2 is linked to the action: the hinge rod 201 extends and is positioned, and the air nozzle 204 continuously blows away the entangled chips with chip-breaking high-pressure air p2, maintaining airflow throughout the process; the coolant pressure is increased by 30% and the spray angle is adjusted to achieve cooling and chip breaking effects simultaneously.

[0049] When the real-time detection status shows chips of any shape (dark blue / purple), it indicates that the machining process is at a severe temperature alarm threshold T1, resulting in accelerated tool wear. In this case, powerful cooling and auxiliary air blowing should be selected. Specifically... If the chip-breaking high-pressure blowing air pressure p2 is activated simultaneously with chip entanglement, and if there is no chip entanglement, only the basic blowing air pressure p1 is maintained as low-pressure blowing, and cooling is assisted by accelerating airflow; the cooling component 3 is pressurized by 50%, and the high-pressure flow rate Q2 is switched to approach the high temperature; the motor 2 307 drives the cooling chamber 304 to rotate over a wide range; the nozzle 1 305 fully covers the cutting hot zone of the workpiece, maximizing the heat exchange efficiency.

[0050] If the image captured by the imaging component 4 is still dark blue / purple after half a minute, in order to prevent tool breakage or workpiece damage, stop rotating the bar stock and control the tool magazine 1 to move the tool away from the bar stock.

[0051] After the cutting tool moves away from the bar stock, the tool magazine rotates 180 degrees and then rotates the bar stock, moving the cutting tool towards the bar stock surface to continue cutting. During the cutting process, coolant is sprayed onto the cutting tool surface through nozzle 2 (306) to cool the high-temperature cutting tool.

[0052] When the real-time detection status shows bright white burning / black charred chips, it indicates that the machine is in an extremely dangerous ultra-high temperature condition. The blade tip temperature has reached the emergency stop temperature threshold T2. The air blowing component 2 is fully open throughout the process, using high-pressure airflow p2 to continuously blow away the high-temperature chips and prevent the accumulation of high-temperature iron chips and secondary heat storage. The cooling component 3 switches to high-temperature boost flow rate Q2 for full-pressure limit flow injection. The controller synchronously outputs a deceleration signal to reduce the spindle speed and feed rate. If there is no improvement after 5 seconds, an audible and visual alarm is triggered, and a pop-up window prompts the operator to stop the machine. When the air blowing component 2 and the cooling component 3 intervene, the camera 402 continuously collects images and provides real-time feedback on the improvement effect: after the chip temperature and shape return to the standard safe range, the controller does not immediately shut down the components, but sets a 2-3 second buffer delay to gradually reduce the air pressure and coolant flow rate to the standard value, so as to avoid repeated fluctuations in cutting temperature caused by frequent start and stop of cooling and air blowing, and to ensure consistent machining dimensions.

[0053] S4: During the adjustment process, the camera 402 and the controller continuously monitor the cutting status. The temperature and chip morphology corresponding to the cutting depth and speed are recorded to form corresponding parameters. When the cutting depth and speed change during the cutting process, the controller automatically retrieves the standard threshold under the corresponding parameters and adjusts the reference parameters for cooling and blowing to prevent the chips from getting too hot or tangling.

[0054] When the cutting process is completed and the spindle lifts the tool away from the workpiece, the controller simultaneously issues a reset command: cylinder 2012 pulls the hinge rod 201 to fold back, motor 307 drives the cooling chamber 304 to rotate to the storage angle, and motor 403 drives the camera 402 to rotate to the tool magazine 1 avoidance area. All external working components are retracted to prevent collisions and interference between components when the tool magazine 1 motor 101 rotates to change tools.

[0055] After each complete machining process is completed, the controller automatically stores all the running data of this machining. In subsequent machining processes with the same material and the same cutting conditions, the recognition accuracy continues to improve with the number of machining operations, realizing the equipment's self-learning optimization.

[0056] S5: Post-processing stage after processing and shutdown After all cutting processes are completed and the spindle stops running, the system executes a post-cleaning process: the air blowing assembly 2 intermittently outputs the basic air pressure p1 to blow away residual iron filings and coolant from the tool magazine 1, the tool, and the mounting plate 102; the cooling assembly 3 briefly outputs coolant to flush the nozzles 305 and 306 to remove internal metal powder impurities; after all cleaning actions are completed, all actuators return to their initial reference storage positions, and the entire machine enters a standby sleep state, completing a full work cycle.

[0057] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features, and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lathe with a cooling function, comprising a tool magazine (1), wherein the output end of a motor (101) is fixedly connected to the center of the tool magazine (1), and the fixed end of the motor (101) is fixedly mounted on the lathe, characterized in that: The tool magazine (1) is coaxially connected to the center of the end away from the motor (101) with a mounting plate (102). The mounting plate (102) is fixed with a support (5) on the side away from the tool magazine (1). The support (5) is slidably connected to the lathe body and is used to drive the mounting plate (102) to follow the tool magazine (1) and feed axially towards the workpiece. The mounting plate (102) is fixedly equipped with an air blowing assembly (2), a cooling assembly (3) and a shooting assembly (4) on the side facing the workpiece. The air blowing assembly (2) includes a folding hinge rod (201). The fixed end sidewall of the hinge rod (201) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (102). The movable end face of the hinge rod (201) is coaxially rotatably connected to an air chamber (202). An air nozzle (204) communicating with the inside of the air chamber (202) is fixed on the outside of the air chamber (202). A high-pressure air pipe (203) is also connected to the outside of the air chamber (202). A valve (205) for controlling the opening and closing of the air nozzle (204) is provided inside the air chamber (202). The cooling assembly (3) includes a mounting base (301), which extends along the center of the mounting plate (102) to both ends of its outer diameter and is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (102). Mounting blocks (302) are rotatably connected to both ends of the mounting base (301). A mounting groove (303) is integrally formed at the end of the mounting block (302) away from the mounting base (301). A cooling cavity (304) is rotatably connected between the two side walls of the mounting groove (303). A plurality of nozzles (305) are arranged in an array along the axial direction on the side wall of one of the cooling chambers (304), with the output end of the nozzles (305) facing the workpiece; a nozzle (306) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the other cooling chamber (304), with the output end of the nozzle (306) facing the cutting face of the tool magazine 1. The shooting component (4) includes a second mounting base (401), one side wall of which is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (102), and the other end is rotatably connected to a camera (402), with the acquisition end of the camera (402) facing the workpiece.

2. A lathe with a cooling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Motor 2 (307) is fixed to the outer wall of both mounting blocks (302). The output end of motor 2 (307) corresponds to the axial position of the corresponding cooling cavity (304). The output end of motor 2 (307) passes through the side wall of mounting groove 1 (303) and is fixedly connected to the cooling cavity (304) to drive the cooling cavity (304) to rotate and adjust the spray angle.

3. A lathe with a cooling function according to claim 2, characterized in that: Cooling pipes (3021) are provided on the side of each of the two mounting blocks (302) away from the mounting groove (303). One end of each of the two cooling pipes (3021) passes through the corresponding mounting block (302) and is connected to the interior of the corresponding cooling chamber (304). The other end is used to connect to an external coolant supply device to continuously supply high-pressure coolant to the cooling chamber (304).

4. A lathe with a cooling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input ends of all the nozzles (305) are sealed and connected to the internal cavity of the corresponding cooling chamber (304); the nozzle (305) is a single-hole direct-fire nozzle, and the output end of a single nozzle (305) is provided with only one nozzle, and the spray direction of the nozzle extends outward along the radial direction of the cooling chamber (304); in the initial assembly state, the spray direction of all the nozzles (305) on the cooling chamber (304) is directly facing the top of the groove of the mounting groove (303); The second nozzle (306) is an integrated multi-hole spray structure. Several spray nozzles (3061) are arranged in an array on the spray end face facing the blade. The liquid inlet ends of all the spray nozzles (3061) are interconnected and are sealed and connected to the internal cavity of the corresponding cooling chamber (304). In the initial assembly state, the central spray direction of the second nozzle (306) is perpendicular to the top direction of the groove of the first mounting groove (303).

5. A lathe with a cooling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the air chamber (202) is provided with an air hole (2021), which is connected to the high-pressure air pipe (203). The other end of the high-pressure air pipe (203) is connected to an external air supply device.

6. A lathe with a cooling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the fixed end and the movable end of the hinge rod (201) are fixed with ear plates (2011). A cylinder (2012) is provided between the ear plates (2011). The two ends of the cylinder (2012) are respectively hinged to the two ear plates (2011) to drive the hinge rod (201) to extend and fold for storage.

7. A lathe with a cooling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the air chamber (202) is fixed with a motor four (206). The output end of the motor four (206) passes through the side wall of the air chamber (202) and is fixedly connected to the valve (205) to drive the valve (205) to rotate in order to control the opening and closing of the air nozzle (204). A micro motor (2013) is provided between the air chamber (202) and the movable end of the hinge rod (201). The fixed end of the micro motor (2013) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the hinge rod (201), and the output end is fixedly connected to the air chamber (202). It is used to drive the air chamber (202) to rotate circumferentially to finely adjust the blowing angle of the nozzle (204).

8. A lathe with a cooling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the mounting base (301) are provided with a micro motor (3011) between them and the corresponding mounting block (302). The fixed end of the micro motor (3011) is fixedly connected to the mounting base (301), and the output end is fixedly connected to the mounting block (302). It is used to drive the mounting block (302) to rotate in order to adjust the horizontal spray direction of the cooling chamber (304). A rotating bracket (4011) is rotatably connected to the center of the end face of the mounting base two (401). The end of the rotating bracket (4011) away from the mounting base two (401) is integrally formed with a mounting groove two (4012). The camera (402) is disposed in the mounting groove two (4012) and rotatably connected to its inner wall. A motor three (403) is fixed to one side of the outer wall of the rotating bracket (4011). The output end of the motor three (403) passes through the side wall of the rotating bracket (4011) and is fixedly connected to the outer shell of the camera (402) for driving the camera (402) to tilt and rotate to adjust the shooting angle. A micro motor (4021) is provided between the mounting base (401) and the rotating bracket (4011). The fixed end of the micro motor (4021) is fixedly connected to the mounting base (401), and the output end is fixedly connected to the rotating bracket (4011). It is used to drive the rotating bracket (4011) to rotate horizontally to adjust the horizontal shooting position of the camera (402).

9. A method for controlling cutting cooling of a lathe with cooling function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-enter the corresponding levels of chip color and tool tip temperature, chip shape and chip breakage risk in the lathe controller, and pre-set the basic flow rate of coolant Q1, high temperature boost flow rate Q2, basic air pressure of blowing p1, high pressure of chip breakage blowing p2, as well as the temperature alarm threshold T1 and emergency stop temperature threshold T2. S2. During the cutting process, high-definition images of the cutting area are continuously acquired by the imaging component to extract the HSV color features and contour morphology features of the chips. S3. Match the corresponding temperature level based on the chip color and the corresponding chip breakage risk level based on the chip shape, and simultaneously adjust the working status of the air blowing component and the working parameters of the cooling component: Under normal operating conditions, the cooling components maintain a basic flow rate Q1 to supply coolant, and the air blowing components remain closed and retracted. When the chip breaking risk exceeds the limit, the air blowing assembly extends to the cutting area and uses high-pressure air blowing p2 to blow away the root of the chip, while the cooling assembly maintains the basic supply parameters unchanged. When the temperature is only slightly above the limit, the cooling system increases the coolant flow rate and adjusts the spray angle to cover the hot cutting area, while the air blowing system remains closed. When both temperature and chip breakage risk exceed the standard, high-pressure air blowing for chip breaking and pressurized cooling are activated simultaneously. When the temperature reaches the temperature alarm threshold T1, the cooling component switches to high-temperature boosted flow Q2 to enhance heat exchange, and the air blowing component turns on low-pressure auxiliary heat dissipation; if the temperature continues to exceed the threshold, the tool magazine 1 is controlled to rotate 180° to replace the same type of tool, and at the same time, the high-temperature standby tool is cooled online through nozzle 2. When the temperature reaches the emergency stop temperature threshold T2, the cooling and air blowing components operate at full load, while reducing the spindle speed and feed rate. If there is no improvement after the set time, a stop alarm will be triggered. S4. After the chip characteristics return to the safe range, the cooling flow rate and blowing air pressure are gradually reduced to the reference value after a delay of 2-3 seconds. After the machining process is completed, the blowing assembly, cooling assembly, and shooting assembly are all folded and stored in their original positions to avoid component interference when the tool magazine 1 rotates to change tools.

10. A cutting cooling control method for a lathe with cooling function according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes self-learning optimization and post-cleaning steps: After each complete machining process, the controller automatically stores the cutting parameters, chip characteristics and temperature data, and control execution parameters of this machining process. Under the same material and the same cutting conditions in the future, it automatically updates the recognition threshold and the benchmark control parameters to achieve self-learning optimization of recognition accuracy. After all cutting operations are completed and the spindle stops running, the air blowing assembly is controlled to intermittently blow away residual iron filings and coolant on the tool magazine 1, tool and mounting plate surface with air pressure p1. The cooling assembly is controlled to output coolant for a short time to flush away metal impurities inside the nozzle. After all cleaning actions are completed, all actuators return to their initial storage positions and the whole machine enters standby mode.

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